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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Zabłocki, Jan. ""Postumus" w "Noctes Atticae" Aulusa Gelliusa." Prawo Kanoniczne 40, no. 1-2 (June 5, 1997): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1997.40.1-2.13.

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Dalle informazioni trasmesse da Gellio da un lato risulta che la legge delle dodici tavole considerava postumus un bambino nato al massimo nel decimo mese. Dall’altro, pero, egli riporta che Marco Varro rivolgeva l’attenzione alla necessita di diseredare il postumus sia nato nel decimo che nell’undicesimo mese. Inoltre nel I secolo, il pretore Lucio Papirio assegno l’eredità al postumus nato nel tredicesimo mese. Nello stesso modo si comporto l’imperatore Adriano nel II secolo. Si pone, quindi, la domanda se non esistesse la regola formulata nelle dodici tavole che come erede del morto veniva considerato il bambino nato al massimo nel decimo mese, oppure tra le summenzionate fonti esiste una contraddizione. Sembra che non si tratti ne di uno né dell’altro. Queste apparenti contraddizioni si possono chiarire nel seguente modo. La legge delle dodici tavole stabiliva che come erede dei morto ab intestato veniva considerato il postumus nato al massimo nel decimo mese. Tale postumus, secondo questa legge, veniva trattato al pari dei figli nati durante la vita del padre, di conseguenza era un erede legittimo conformemente al diritto civile. Invece dalla decisione del pretore Lucio Papirio non risulta che egli applicasse il diritto civile. É solo noto che non concede la missio in bona all’agnato decidendo che la hereditas spettava al figlio nato dopo la morte del padre, anche se nel tredicesimo mese. Probabilmente tale soluzione risultava dall’applicazione del cosiddetto nuovo ordine pretorio ereditario, conformemente al quale dal padre ereditavano tutti i figli, non solo quelli che si trovavano sotto la patria potestas. Esso considerava prima di tutto il bene dei figli, e non le rigide norme del diritto civile. Poteva essere applicato anche in quei casi in cui il postumus fosse nato dopo dieci mesi dal momento della morte del padre e non poteva essere considerato un suus heres. La possibilitä che l’eredità venisse concessa dal pretore a coloro che erano nati nell’undicesimo mese era nota probabilmente gia a Marco Varro. Percio nella satira Testamentum consigliava di diseredare chiaramente al momento di fare il testamento tutti i postumi e coloro che erano nati nel decimo e undicesimo mese, per ogni evenienza. I dubbi furono definitivamente risolti dall‘imperatore Adriano che concedesse l‘erédita ad un nato nell’undicesimo mese.

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2

De Filippo, Eduardo. "EDUARDO DE FILIPPO'S: VINCENZO DE PRETORE TRANSLATED BY FRANK J. PALESCANDOLO." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 27, no. 1-2 (March 1993): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458589302700120.

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3

Sitek, Bronisław. "Najem mieszkań w czasach Plauta." Prawo Kanoniczne 37, no. 1-2 (June 15, 1994): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1994.37.1-2.06.

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Il fenomeno dell’affitto delle case a Roma risale al III secolo a. C. La più remota menzione proviene dal Plauto. Pur usando la lingua quotidiana, compresibile per i ascoltatori, le sue testi sono preziossisimi fonti da punto di vista giuridicostorico. Di qui sappiamo, che l’affïtto delle case si nasce nel periodo dei grandi transformazioni sociali, politici e demografici. Dal suo inizio e un contratto consensuale. Pero il grande svillippo dell’affitto delle case si incomincia dal I secolo a. C. e poi. D’allora, con questa istituzione non si impeniava soltanto il pretore ma sopratutto i prudentes.

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4

Balbo, Mattia. "Annarosa Gallo, Prefetti del pretore e prefetture. L’organizzazione dell’agro romano in Italia (IV–I sec. a.C.), Bari (Edipuglia) 2018 (Documenti e studi 68), 320 S., ISBN 978-88-7228-861-0, € 40,–." Klio 102, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 785–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2020-2019.

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5

Brkičević, Elvira, Gordana Grgić, Dženita Ljuca, Edin Ostrvica, and Azur Tulumović. "Etiological factors of preterm delivery." Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (September 15, 2013): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2013.81.

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Introduction: Preterm delivery is the delivery before 37 weeks of gestation are completed. Preterm birth is a major course of neonatal morbidity and mortality, the incidence of premature delivery in developedcountries is 5 to 9%. Aims of this study were to determine the common etiological factors for preterm delivery, most common weeks of gestation for pretern delivery, and most commom way of delivery for preterm delivery.Methods: The study included 600 patients divided into two groups, experimental group (included 300 preterm delivered pregnant women), control group (included 300 term delivered women).Results: The incidence of preterm delivery in pregnant women younger than 18 years was 4.4%, and in pregnant women older than 35 years was 14%. 44.6 % of preterm delivered women at the experimentalgroup had lower education. In the experimental group burdened obstetrical history had 29%, 17.2% had a preterm delivery, 35.6% had a premature rupture of membranes, 15% had a preterm delivery before32 weeks of gestation, 12.4% between 32-33.6 weeks of gestation, while 72.6% of deliveries were between 34- 36.6 weeks of gestation. Multiple pregnancy as an etiological factor was present in 10.07% ofcases. Extragenital diseases were present in 10.4%. In the experimental group there were 29%, while in the control group there were 15% subjects with burdened obstetrical history.Conclusions: Preterm birth more often occurs in a pregnant women younger than 18 and older than 35 years, and in a pregnant women of lower educational degree. Preterm delivery in the most commoncases was fi nished in period from 34 to 36.6 weeks of gestation. The most common etiological factor of preterm delivery in the experimental group was preterm rupture of membranes and idiopathic pretermdelivery.

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6

Arnull, Anthony. "Joined Cases C-320/90, C-321/90 and C-322/90, Telemarsicabruzzo SpA and others v. Circostel and others, Judgment of 26 January 1993; Case C-157/92, Pretore di Genova v. Banchero." Common Market Law Review 31, Issue 2 (April 1, 1994): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola1994020.

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7

Jurewicz, Aldona R. "„Voluntas” – „scientia” – „ignorantia” a odpowiedzialność dodatkowa zwierzchnika za zobowiązania kontraktowe podległych mu „alieni iuris” w prawie rzymskim." Studia Warmińskie 53 (December 31, 2016): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sw.105.

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W prawie rzymskim odpowiedzialność za zobowiązania kontraktowe oparta była początkowo na przesłankach obiektywnych: powstaniu węzła zobowiązaniowego. Wraz z rozwojem procesu formułkowego, pretor zaczął uwzględniać, a niekiedy wręcz uzależniać odpowiedzialność tej natury od czynnika subiektywnego, jak voluntas, scientia czy ignorantia agens. W zakresie odpowiedzialności dodatkowej w prawie rzymskim odpowiedzialność ta mogła wynikać zarówno z ignorantia, jak i scientia czy voluntas (scil. oświadczenia woli) zwierzchnika. Te subiektywne przesłanki odpowiedzialności różnicowały jednocześnie jej zakres, od najmniejszej na podstawie de peculio de in rem verso, poprzez zaostrzoną przez in tributum vocari wynikającą z wiedzy zwierzchnika aż po najszerszą (in solidum) opartą na jego voluntas. Ta ostatnia zawsze musiała zostać objawiona, w przypadku scientia oświadczenie woli wymagane było tylko w przypadku sprzeciwu zwierzchnika. Precyzyjne rozróżnienie subiektywnych przesłanek odpowiedzialności dodatkowej zwierzchnika jest efektem wykładni słów edyktu pretora miejskiego przez prawników klasycznych.

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8

BİLİCEN, Ezgi, Erkan ÇAĞLIYAN, Aslı AKDÖNER, and Onur YAVUZ. "Preterm Labor." Türk Üreme Tıbbı ve Cerrahisi Dergisi 6, no. 2 (2022): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24074/tjrms.2021-87538.

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9

Zabłocki, Jan. "Ennius o ‘manum conserere’ według ‘Noctes Atticae’ Aulusa Gelliusa." Zeszyty Prawnicze 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2020.20.4.08.

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Pewne wyrażenia prawne, znane niegdyś ogólnie, z czasem stają się niezrozumiałe. Ciekawym przykładem tego jest sformułowanie ex iure manum consertum omawiane przez antykwarystę. Aulus Gellius zapytał Sulpiciusa Apollinarisa słynnego wówczas znawcę literatury co oznaczają słowa ex iure manum consertum. Ten w odrzekł mu, że jest znawcą literatury a nie prawa, a tego sformułowania nie ma na kartach Annales. Kiedy jednak Gellius wyrecytował tę frazę z dzieła Enniusa, Supicius Apollinaris skonstatował, że Ennnius zaczerpnął je od jakiegoś jurysty i odesłał Gelliusa do jurystów i ich dzieł. Gellius po zbadaniu sprawy doszedł do wniosku, że, jeśli toczył się spór (in iure) o jakąś rzecz (de re) znajdującą się (in re praesenti) przed pretorem, czy to o grunt, czy o coś innego, trzymając tę rzecz w ręku (in iure manum consererent), dokonywano jej windykacji w uroczystych słowach. Z czasem, po rozszerzeniu granic państwa, pretorzy nadmiernie zajęci w sprawach dotyczących windykacji udawali się niechętnie daleko położonych spornych rzeczy. Zatem, za milczącym przyzwoleniem (tacito consensu), wbrew Ustawie XII Tablic zezwolili, aby toczący spór udawali się na grunt, o który toczył się spór, i przynosili grudkę jakąś z niego, jakby całą ziemię przed pretora na sąd (in ius) i przy pomocy tej grudki (ex iure manum consertum), tak jakby na całym gruncie dokonywali windykacji.

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10

Padbury, J. F., A. M. Martinez, S. L. Thio, E. E. Burnell, and J. A. Humme. "Free and sulfoconjugated catecholamine responses to hypoxia in fetal sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 257, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): E198—E202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.257.2.e198.

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Plasma catecholamines circulate either in conjugated or unconjugated forms. In adult humans, sulfoconjugated catecholamines predominate; however, there is considerable variation between species. In a variety of pathophysiological states catecholamine conjugation is believed to represent an important mechanism of inactivation of high circulating catecholamine levels. To date, there have been few data in developing animals or humans on catecholamine sulfoconjugation. We studied the differences in free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines in full term (141 +/- 1 days) and preterm (123 +/- 1 days) chronically catheterized fetal sheep and determined the changes in free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines in response to hypoxia. The results demonstrate that term and preterm animals have a comparable percentage of basal circulating sulfoconjugated catecholamines (free-to-total ratio 50-60%). In response to hypoxia, both free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines were promptly elevated with significant increases in each by 5 min of hypoxia. This was true for both term and pretern animals. The proportion of free and total catecholamines remained relatively constant during hypoxia despite a 5- to 10-fold increase in circulating levels of each. These data demonstrate that fetal sheep, as early as 80% gestation, have a well developed mechanism for sulfoconjugation and subsequent inactivation of the high circulating levels of catecholamines seen during fetal and newborn life.

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11

Sebić, Mirko. "Franc Kafka ili filozofija pretnje." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 66, no. 7-8 (1994): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9412027s.

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12

Stojković, Dejan. "Hybrid threats to the security of the Republic of Serbia." Vojno delo 69, no. 7 (2017): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1706277s.

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13

Fulová, Veronika, and Radovan Pilka. "Preterm premature rupture of membranes." Česká gynekologie 88, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg202327.

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Objectives: The aim of the presented work is to summarize the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of preterm birth in connection with premature amniotic fluid. Methods: To analyze current knowledge and our own experiences regarding of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Conclusion: The most important factor influencing neonatal morbidity and mortality is gestational age. Early neonatal sepsis occurs with high risk after premature amniotic fluid outflow, associated with inflammatory complications. Key words: preterm prelabour rupture of membranes – intraamniotic infections

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14

Likhachov, V. K., Ya V. Shymanska, L. M. Dobrovolska, O. Ye Akimov, and O. H. Makarov. "CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF INDUCIBLE NO-SYNTHASE AND ARGINASE, THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LEVEL OF PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN CERVICAL MUCUS IN PREGNANT WOMEN, WHO UNDERWENT IVF AND ARE AT RISK OF PRETERM CHILDBIRTH." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 21, no. 3 (November 16, 2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.21.3.21.

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Introduction. Nitric oxide (NO) produces a wide range of bioregulatory effects. Imbalance in the ratio of the activity of inducible NO-synthase and arginase in favor of iNOS can lead to a pro-inflammatory reaction. At the risk of preterm childbirth, the content of proinflammatory cytokines increases both at the local and systemic levels. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between changes in the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the activity of inducible NO-synthase and arginase in the cervical mucus of women with in vitro fertilization (IVF), who are at risk of preterm childbirth. Materials and methods. The test group (TG) included 37 women, who underwent IVF and presented prognostic signs, indicating a high risk of preterm birth in the future. The control group (CP) consisted of 20 healthy pregnant women, who did not undergo assisted reproductive technologies. We determined the indicators of inducible NO-synthase activity and total arginase activity, as well as the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the mucus of the cervical canal of the participants at their 28-34 weeks of pregnancy. Results and discussion. The activity of iNOS in TG significantly increased (in 2.57 times) compared to healthy pregnant women (CP), while the activity of arginase, on the contrary, decreased significantly (in 1.91 times). There was a significant increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and TNF-α in the TG women, while they demonstrated the significantly reduced concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In cervical mucus taken from TG women, positive correlations were found between an increase in the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine INF-γ and an increase in iNOS activity, between a decrease in IL-10 levels and arginase activity, and a negative relationship between an increase in iNOS activity and a decrease in arginase activity. Conclusions. The detected cytokine imbalance in pregnant women, who underwent in vitro fertilization and were at risk of preterm childbirth, together with a impaired ratio of iNOS and arginase, indicates an inappropriate level of immunosuppression. These immune changes, by activating cellular responses of maternal immunity, can contribute to preterme childbirth.

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SÖNMEZ DEMİR, Gülay, Özmert Muhammet Ali ÖZDEMİR, and Hacer ERGİN. "Congenital Penile Lymphedema in a Preterm Newborn." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics 31, no. 3 (2022): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/pediatr.2022-88986.

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16

Çelik, Yalçın, Hülya Halis, Selvi Gülaşı, Aytuğ Atıcı, and Necdet Kuyucu. "Erken Doğan Bir Bebekte Doğumsal Bruselloz." Journal of Pediatric Infection 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ced.57492.

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17

Ashraf, Saima, Shahida Parveen, and Shahzad Alam. "PRETERM LABOUR." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 09 (September 9, 2018): 1342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4792.

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18

Mitrović, Miroslav. "Hybrid warfare and asymmetric security threats." Vojno delo 69, no. 7 (2017): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1705333m.

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19

Bratuž, Nika, Andrej Javoršek, and Dejana Javoršek. "Colour Transforms in CIECAM02 and CIELAB." Tekstilec 56, no. 3 (2013): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.2013.56.222-229.

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20

Chitra, K. S., and C. Shanthi. "The Prevalence of Symptomatic & Asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis and Its Treatment in Managing Preterm and Threatened Preterm Deliveries." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 5 (2018): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.6518.10.

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21

Solovyeva, A. V., V. Gache, O. A. Kuznetsova, and A. S. Olenev. "Реабилитация женщин с ожирением после преждевременных родов." Voprosy dietologii 7, no. 1 (2017): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2017-1-20-23.

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AYKANAT GİRGİN, Burcu, and Duygu GÖZEN. "Assessment of Oral Feeding Readiness in Preterm Infants." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing 9, no. 4 (2017): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2017-55760.

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23

Gutierrez, María José. "Evaluación de patrones de apego en niños prematuros." Interdisciplinaria Revista de Psicología y Ciencias Afines 37, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.16888/interd.2020.37.2.5.

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Se presentan resultados preliminares de una investigación en curso que se realiza en un centro público de salud de la ciudad de La Banda, provincia de Santiago del Estero, que propone evaluar la incidencia de la prematuridad en el estilo de apego del niño. Se evalúan niños nacidos prematuros y nacidos a término entre 12 y 24 meses. Se parte de la idea de que características de la prematuridad, tales como la internación en neonatología y las manifestaciones conductuales y emocionales diferentes a las de niños nacidos a término, pueden introducir diferencias en el apego. La muestra estuvo integrada por 30 díadas madre-bebé correspondientes a dos grupos: (A) compuesto por díadas madre-bebé prematuro, y (B) de control, compuesto por díadas madre-bebé no prematuro. Para evaluar el apego, se utilizó la escala Procedimiento Argentino de la Situación Extraña (Rodríguez y Oiberman, 2013) y se recopiló información sociodemográfica de determinadas variables que pudieran estar asociadas a la calidad del apego de los infantes con sus madres (edad materna, estado civil, trabajo materno, género del niño y tiempo de internación del niño). Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias con significación estadística entre los grupos estudiados en la calidad del apego. Se encontró relación entre el tiempo de internación y la distribución de apego, siendo que a mayor frecuencia de apego seguro, menor tiempo de internación del niño. Este estudio es uno de los primeros en analizar la distribución del apego en infantes nacidos prematuros en Sudamérica.

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Pejanović, Ljubo, and Stevan Stojanović. "Političko-kriminološke pretnje predstavnicima vlasti kroz istoriju." Vojno delo 71, no. 3 (2019): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1903147p.

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Abdujalilovich, Karimkulov Nodirbek. "Occurrence Features Hemangiomas Integument In Preterm Children." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 02, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume02issue10-04.

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Gomes Neto, José Mario Wanderley, and Ernani Carvalho. "Pretores condenando a casta?" Revista de Estudos Empíricos em Direito 8 (March 7, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19092/reed.v8i.524.

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Como se comporta o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), quando investido no papel de Corte de primeira instância, para o julgamento das ações penais originárias”? As hipóteses de foro por prerrogativa de função, também conhecidas pela expressão “foro privilegiado”, embora presentes ocasionalmente em um conjunto de países, são um fenômeno associado a desenhos institucionais originários de transições democráticas, notadamente às Constituições latino-americanas. No Brasil ganharam notoriedade a partir do julgamento da ação penal nº 470, resultante do escândalo do “mensalão”, em que diversos atores do Executivo e do Legislativo foram condenados, em virtude de condutas ilícitas, anteriormente praticadas durante o exercício de mandato eletivo e/ou de função pública nas mais altas esferas decisórias. Partindo das hipóteses de que a Corte Suprema é seletiva quanto aos processos que leva a julgamento e que muitas vezes opta por condutas autorrestritas, especialmente em situações que fogem ao exercício estrito da revisão judicial, esta pesquisa dedica-se à compreensão empírica de tal fenômeno, através da análise de dados originais, codificados a partir de informações públicas disponíveis no sítio eletrônico do Supremo Tribunal Federal, testando prováveis relações associativas entre a conduta dos julgadores e as características das ações penais originárias a eles submetidas. Como resultado, foi possível observar a predominância de uma estratégia de autopreservação utilizando para tanto padrões de seletividade, dentro dos quais há variação comportamental (decisória) conforme variam alguns dos fatores.

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Lekić, Envera, Sonja Babović, Jelena Vukićević, Milorada Nešović, and Ljubinka Dragaš. "Early-onset neonatal sepsis and risk factors in the preterm infants." Perinatal Journal 27, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/prn.19.0273004.

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.J, Dr Amutha. "Clinical Profile and Outcome of Preterm with Thrombocytopenia." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 05 (May 6, 2017): 21498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.44.

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Hassan, Ikrama, Surajudeen Bello, Michael Anazodo, and Abdulmumuni Ahmed Lawal. "Burden and risk factors of preterm birth in Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria: A five-year case review." Journal of Medical Research 7, no. 2 (May 23, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2021.7203.

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Background: Preterm birth has been on the increase globally and accounting for morbidities and mortalities. Preterm delivery referred to the birth of a newborn prior to thirty seven completed gestational weeks. There is dearth of knowledge on the burden of preterm birth in this state. This study therefore determined the burden of preterm deliveries in Nasarawa State, evaluate the risk factors and identify the outcome of such deliveries. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of all preterm delivered from the 1st of January 2014 to the 31st of December 2013 at the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) Lafia, General Hospital Akwanga and Medical Centre Mararaba Gurku in the Southern, Northern and Western senatorial zones of Nasarawa State respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of mothers of preterm in this study is 26.5±5.7 years. More than three-quarter of preterm birth in Nasarawa State were at the DASH Lafia. The prevalence of preterm birth and admissions were 1.5% and 10.8% respectively. One in four of the preterm were either late preterm or extreme preterm. Singleton gestation accounted for 82.1% of the preterm births while 75.6% of such deliveries where through the vaginal mode of deliveries. Risk factors for preterm deliveries were multiple gestation, antepartum haemorrhage (placenta previa), premature rupture of membrane and previous preterm delivery. Deaths among the preterm was 11% in this study. Conclusion: The burden of preterm births in this study is comparable to other centre in same region. Half of the preterm were either late or extreme preterm. Risk factors for preterm deliveries were placenta previa, premature rupture of membrane, multiple gestation and previous preterm child birth. Death was recorded in one out of every nine preterm

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Wen, Yanqing, and Xiaoyan Yang. "Clinical Comparison of Preterm Birth and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Severe Preeclampsia." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (September 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1995803.

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Severe preeclampsia is accompanied by many complications, which is extremely harmful to pregnant women and fetuses. However, in the classification of preterm birth, it is generally divided into spontaneous preterm birth and therapeutic preterm birth, and insufficient attention has been paid to preterm birth in severe preeclampsia. This article aims to explore the clinical difference between preterm birth in severe preeclampsia and spontaneous preterm birth. In the experiment, this paper selected pregnant women who delivered and were treated in a hospital from April 2010 to April 2020 as cases. In terms of grouping, not only are they divided into severe eclampsia group (observation group 1), spontaneous preterm birth group (observation group 2), and general delivery group (control group) according to the cause of premature birth, but also according to the gestational age of severe eclampsia onset, preterm weeks, and other groups. Not only the clinical difference between severe preeclampsia preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth was compared horizontally, but also the factors affecting the complications of preterm pregnant women, perinatal asphyxia rate, and mortality were longitudinally analyzed. The experimental results in this paper showed that there were significant differences in maternal complications and neonatal mortality between the severe preeclampsia preterm group and the spontaneous preterm group ( P < 0.05). In addition, the severe preeclampsia preterm birth group was more harmful than the spontaneous preterm birth group. The complication rate of the severe preeclampsia preterm birth group was 10% higher than that of the spontaneous preterm birth group, and the neonatal mortality rate was 2% higher.

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Mercer, Brian, Cynthia Milluzzi, and John Moore. "Do preterm mothers deliver preterm babies?" American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 193, no. 6 (December 2005): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.179.

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Çetin, Orkun. "Evaluation Of The Perinatal Results Of Preterm Membrane Rupture Pregnancies." Perinatal Journal 20, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/prn.12.0202002.

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Yılanlıoğlu, Necip Cihangir, Altuğ Semiz, and Resul Arısoy. "The efficiency of emergency cerclage for the prevention of pregnancy losses and preterm labor." Perinatal Journal 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/prn.19.0271001.

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SAĞLAM, Aylin, Iris DERWIG, Burcu KASAP, Tamer MUNGAN, Serkan TAPAN, and Bekir Serdar ÜNLÜ MD. "Amniotic Membrane’s Hydroxyproline Content and Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 3 (2011): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2010-21404.

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Nachiketha, Dr S. V. "Role of Nifidipine in Preterm Labour - A Prospective Study." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 03 (March 18, 2017): 18992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.111.

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D.C, Divyarani, and Goudappa R. Patil. "A Study on Maternal Risk Factors and Preterm Neonates." Pediatric Education and Research 5, no. 3 (2017): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.5317.5.

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GÜLER, Selver, and Zerrin ÇİĞDEM. "Adaptation of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention to Turkish: Methodological Study." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences 13, no. 3 (2021): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2020-79761.

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Vohra, Dr Arif, and Dr Charul Purani. "Clinical Profile of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2014/93.

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Akyürek, Z. "One-dimensional mathematical modeling of the capsule flow in a horizontal pipe." Materiali in tehnologije 53, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2018.221.

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DESAI, PANKTI D., HETAL D. VORA, and S. H. MANSURI S H MANSURI. "Study of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in preterm neonates." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 2 (January 15, 2012): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/feb2014/74.

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Altman, Molly R., Rebecca J. Baer, and Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski. "Patterns of Preterm Birth among Women of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Descent." American Journal of Perinatology 36, no. 12 (December 21, 2018): 1256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676487.

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Objective To describe the characteristics and risk factors for preterm birth in Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of 10,470 women of Hawaiian or Pacific Islander descent drawn from a population-based birth cohort dataset in California. Variables were examined across preterm birth subtype (spontaneous, provider initiated) and by gestational age grouping (early preterm birth and late preterm birth) and all preterm births. Results Hawaiian/Pacific Islander women were at higher risk for preterm birth when they had fewer than three prenatal visits; were underweight, reported tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs use in pregnancy; had a diagnosis of anemia, gestational diabetes, preexisting diabetes, or hypertension with or without pre-eclampsia; or had a history of previous preterm birth. Obesity was found to be protective for preterm birth. Conclusion Women of Hawaiian and Pacific Islander descent demonstrate a similar yet unique constellation of risk and protective factors for preterm birth as compared with other groups at high risk for preterm birth. Interventions aimed to prevent preterm birth need to support the specific needs of this population.

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Sobczyk, Karolina, Tomasz Holecki, Joanna Woźniak-Holecka, and Mateusz Grajek. "Does Maternal Obesity Affect Preterm Birth? Documentary Cohort Study of Preterm in Firstborns—Silesia (Poland)." Children 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9071007.

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In addition to low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity is a major problem in modern neonatology. The etiology of premature delivery is multifactorial, but maternal obesity has been indicated as an important risk factor for preterm birth. This study aimed to assess the relationship between early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of preterm delivery according to gestational age. In the cohort of 2794 firstborns, preterm deliveries accounted for 9.1%. Of all deliveries, 16, 48, and 189 were classified as extremely preterm, very preterm, and moderately preterm deliveries, respectively. The risk of extremely, very, and moderately preterm deliveries increased with the increasing BMI, with the highest overweight and obesity-related risk for extremely and very preterm delivery. The rate of extremely and very preterm delivery among normal-weight women (BMI 18.5 ≤ 25) was 1.8%, while that among overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25) was 2.36%. The rate of all preterm deliveries (22 ≤ 37 weeks) was 8% for normal-weight women and 10.3% for overweight and obese women. Compared with normal-weight women, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for preterm delivery in overweight and obese women was 1.33 (0.98–1.79). In Poland, being overweight and obese during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery, especially extremely and very preterm delivery. This relationship should be assessed in other populations.

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Dongarwar, Deepa, Anjali Aggarwal, Kenneth Barning, and Hamisu Mohammed Salihu. "Trends in Stillbirths and Stillbirth Phenotypes in the United States: An Analysis of 131.5 Million Births." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 9, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.344.

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We examined the trends in stillbirth across gestational age in the United States (US).We conducted a trend analysis using the U.S. Natality and Fetal Death datasets covering 1982 and 2017. We compared the incidence and rates of stillbirth for term, all preterm, moderate-to-late preterm, very preterm, and extreme preterm phenotypes. The incidence of stillbirth decreased for the entire birth cohort over the 36-year period. The rates of overall, term, all preterm, very preterm and moderate-to-late preterm stillbirth decreased from 1982 to 2017; however, the rates for extreme preterm stillbirth increased by about 7.6% over the same study period. Key words: • Trends in stillbirth • Stillbirth phenotypes • Stillbirth in US

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Naser, Abdallah Y., Hassan Al-Shehri, Noora Altamimi, Anas Alrasheed, and Lama Albalawi. "Profile of Hospital Admissions Due to Preterm Labor and Delivery in England." Healthcare 11, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020163.

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Objectives: Preterm labor and delivery are associated with various short- and long-term complications in neonates and infants. This research aimed to look at the trends in preterm labor and birth-related hospitalizations in England. Material and Methods: The Hospital Episode Statistics database was used to extract hospital admission data for the ecological study of preterm labor and delivery between April 2012 and April 2020 in England. Results: The overall admission rates decreased by 26.2%, from 14,210 in 2012 (CI: 99.18–102.49) to 10,490 in 2020 (CI: 73.02–75.87) per 100,000 individuals. Hospitalizations were frequently caused by spontaneous labor with preterm delivery, spontaneous labor without delivery, and preterm delivery without spontaneous labor (68.9%, 20.6%, and 9.6%, respectively). The rate of hospital admission due to preterm delivery without spontaneous labor, preterm labor without delivery, preterm spontaneous labor with preterm delivery, and preterm spontaneous labor with term delivery decreased by 32.0%, 26.9%, 24.4%, and 14.7%, respectively. Women aged 25–29 years accounted for most hospital admissions. Conclusion: Preterm labor and delivery-related hospital admissions rates have significantly decreased over the past decade. Women in the reproductive age range of 25–34 years were more prone to hospital admission followed by preterm labor due to various reasons.

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Acharya, Niraj, and Sumita Poudel. "Incidence, Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome of Preterm Neonates: A Hospital Based Study." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v18i1.35152.

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Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. It is one of the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the world. Aims: The study was aimed to find out the incidence, possible risk factors and outcome of inborn preterm babies till they were discharged from the hospital. Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study. A total of 100 preterm babies delivered in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur and admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were studied. Preterms were divided into 2 groups extremely to very preterm (<32 weeks) and moderate to late preterm (≥ 32 weeks). The preterm babies were evaluated for various morbidities sand mortality till they were discharged from the hospital. Results: Data of 100 babies was analyzed. Out of 100 preterm babies 40 were extremely to very preterm babies (<32 weeks) and 60 were moderate to late preterm babies (≥32 weeks). Significant risk factors associated with preterm deliveries were inadequate antenatal visits (73%), primi gravidity (58%), preterm premature rupture of membrane (55%), urinary tract infection (54%), anemia (53%), teenage pregnancy (43%), antepartum hemorrhage (41%) and pregnancy induced hypertension (33%). The total mortality was higher in extremely to late preterm than in moderate to late preterm. The most common causes of mortality were Neonatal sepsis (NNS), Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) and Birth Asphyxia. Conclusion: The hospital incidence of preterm neonates is still very high. The major risk factor seen in the study was inadequate antenatal visit. Preventive measures, early identification of risk factors will improve the outcome.

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Loviana, Noza, Ninik Darsini, and Aditiawarman Aditiawarman. "FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PERSALINAN PREMATUR DI RSUD DR SOETOMO." Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal 3, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v3i1.2019.85-97.

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AbstrakLatar Belakang: Secara global, persalinan preterm menjadi penyebab utama kematian neonatus usia dini 0-7 hari pertama kehidupan dengan menimbulkan dampak morbiditas yang tinggi juga. Indonesia menempati urutan negara ke 5 estimasi persalinan preterm tertinggi di dunia. Beberapa faktor yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap persalinan preterm yaitu idiopatik, iatrogenik, sosio-demografi, maternal dan genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu dan riwayat persalinan preterm terhadap kejadian persalinan prterm di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancang bangun case control. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 1311 orang pada periode 1 Januari - 31 Desember 2018. Sampel dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kasus (ibu yang bersalin preterm) dan kelompok kontrol (ibu yang bersalin tidak preterm) sebanyak masing-masing kelompok 137 orang yang disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan berdasarkan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu simpel random sampling. Variabel independen terdiri dari usia ibu, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan riwayat persalinan preterm sedangkan variabel dependen adalah persalinan preterm. Analisis data bivariat menggunankan uji Chi-Square test dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 (95% CI). Hasil: Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara usia ibu bersalin (nilai p = 0,259), pendidikan (nilai p = 1), pekerjaan (nilai p = 0,225) dan riwayat persalinan preterm (nilai p = 0,191) dengan kejadian persalinan preterm. Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko seperti usa ibu bersalin, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu dan riwayat persalinan preterm tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap kejadian persalinan preterm. Abtract Background : Globally, preterm labor is the main cause of neonatal mortality in the first 0-7 days of life with a high impact of morbidity. Indonesia ranks 5th in the highest estimate of preterm labor in the world. Several factors that can influence preterm labor are idiopathic, iatrogenic, socio-demographic, maternal and genetic. This study aims to look at the relationship between maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation and a history of preterm labor against the incidence of prenatal labor in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Method : The method of this study is observational analytic with a case-control design. The total population is 1311 people in the period January 1 - December 31, 2018. Samples were divided into two groups, namely the case group (preterm maternity) and the control group (mothers who were not preterm) as many as 137 groups each according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion and based on sampling techniques, namely simple random sampling. Independent variables consisted of maternal age, education, occupation and a history of preterm labor while the dependent variable was preterm labor. Bivariate data analysis used the Chi-Square test with a significance level of α = 0.05 (95% CI). Results : The Chi-Square test results showed that there was no significant relationship between maternal age (p = 0.259), education (p = 1), employment (p = 0.225) and preterm labor history (p = 0.191) with the incidence of preterm labor. Conclusion: Risk factors such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation and a history of preterm labor have no relationship to the incidence of preterm labor.

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Holdsworth-Carson, Sarah J., Michael Permezel, Greg E. Rice, and Martha Lappas. "Preterm and infection-driven preterm labor: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid X receptor." REPRODUCTION 137, no. 6 (June 2009): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0496.

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Approximately 8% of births are complicated by preterm delivery. To improve neonatal outcomes, a greater understanding of the mechanisms surrounding preterm parturition is required. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been implicated in the regulation of labor at term where they exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, we hypothesize that dysregulation of PPAR expression and activity may be associated with preterm labor and infection-associated preterm labor. The aim of this study was to compare the expression and activity of PPARs and the expression of retinoid X-receptor α (RXRA) in gestational tissues from term and preterm deliveries, and from infection-associated preterm deliveries. Quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and activity ELISA were used to study expression and DNA binding profiles. Compared with term, preterm parturition was associated with an increased expression of PPAR δ (PPARD; mRNA and protein), PPAR γ (PPARG; protein) and RXRA (protein) in the placenta and PPARD (mRNA and protein) and RXRA (mRNA) in the choriodecidua. There was, however, no change in preterm PPAR DNA binding activity compared with term. Preterm chorioamnionitis (CAM) demonstrated protein degradation in the choriodecidua and was associated with a decline in the mRNA expression of PPAR α (PPARA) and RXRA compared with uninfected preterm cases. PPAR DNA binding activity increased in the placenta (PPARD and PPARG) and decreased in the amnion (PPARA and PPARG) in association with preterm CAM. In conclusion, idiopathic preterm deliveries were associated with an increase in PPAR:RXR expression and preterm CAM was associated with a decrease in PPAR:RXR expression and tissue-specific alterations in transcriptional activity. The reasons for such dysregulation remain to be determined; however, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that PPARs may play a role in preterm labor and infection-complicated preterm deliveries.

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MacDorman, Marian F., Marie Thoma, Eugene Declercq, and Elizabeth A. Howell. "The relationship between obstetrical interventions and the increase in U.S. preterm births, 2014-2019." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): e0265146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265146.

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We examined the relationship between obstetrical intervention and preterm birth in the United States between 2014 and 2019. This observational study analyzed 2014–2019 US birth data to assess changes in preterm birth, cesarean delivery, induction of labor, and associated risks. Logistic regression modeled the odds of preterm obstetrical intervention (no labor cesarean or induction) after risk adjustment. The percentage of singleton preterm births in the United States increased by 9.4% from 2014–2019. The percent of singleton, preterm births delivered by cesarean increased by 6.0%, while the percent with induction of labor increased by 39.1%. The percentage of singleton preterm births where obstetrical intervention (no labor cesarean or induction) potentially impacted the gestational age at delivery increased from 47.6% in 2014 to 54.9% in 2019. Preterm interventions were 13% more likely overall in 2019 compared to 2014 and 17% more likely among late preterm births, after controlling for demographic and medical risk factors. Compared to non-Hispanic White women, Non-Hispanic Black women had a higher risk of preterm obstetric interventions. Preterm infants have higher morbidity and mortality rates than term infants, thus any increase in the preterm birth rate is concerning. A renewed effort to understand the trends in preterm interventions is needed to ensure that obstetrical interventions are evidence-based and are limited to those cases where they optimize outcomes for both mothers and babies.

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Grobman, William, and Annie Dude. "Interdelivery Interval and Medically Indicated Preterm Delivery." American Journal of Perinatology 36, no. 01 (July 17, 2018): 086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667031.

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Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether a medically indicated preterm delivery is relatively more likely following longer interdelivery intervals. Study Design This is a case–control study of women with two consecutive deliveries of a live singleton at the same institution between 2005 and 2015, with the subsequent delivery occurring preterm. Preterm deliveries were classified as spontaneous if women delivered following preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or placental abruption. Preterm deliveries were classified as medically indicated if women underwent delivery for fetal or maternal medical indications. Interdelivery interval was categorized as < 18, 18 to 59, and 60 months or more. Characteristics of women who had a medically indicated versus spontaneous preterm delivery were compared. Results Of the 1,276 women, 25.6% had a medically indicated preterm delivery and 74.4% had a spontaneous preterm delivery. Compared with women with an interdelivery interval of 18 to 59 months (of whom 25.7% had a preterm delivery for medical indications), women with a shorter interdelivery interval were less likely (19.3%), while women with a longer interdelivery interval were more likely (37.4%; p = 0.003) to have a medically indicated preterm delivery. This relationship persisted even when accounting for other factors. Conclusion Preterm deliveries are more likely to be medically indicated as the interdelivery interval lengthens.

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Glover, Angelica V., Ashley N. Battarbee, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Kim A. Boggess, Grecio Sandoval, Sean C. Blackwell, Alan T. N. Tita, et al. "Association Between Features of Spontaneous Late Preterm Labor and Late Preterm Birth." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 04 (September 17, 2019): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1696641.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between clinical and examination features at admission and late preterm birth. Study Design The present study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of singleton pregnancies at 340/7 to 365/7 weeks' gestation. We included women in spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes and compared them by gestational age at delivery (preterm vs. term). We calculated a statistical cut-point optimizing the sensitivity and specificity of initial cervical dilation and effacement at predicting preterm birth and used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with late preterm delivery. Results A total of 431 out of 732 (59%) women delivered preterm. Cervical dilation ≥ 4 cm was 60% sensitive and 68% specific for late preterm birth. Cervical effacement ≥ 75% was 59% sensitive and 65% specific for late preterm birth. Earlier gestational age at randomization, nulliparity, and fetal malpresentation were associated with late preterm birth. The final regression model including clinical and examination features significantly improved late preterm birth prediction (81% sensitivity, 48% specificity, area under the curve = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.75, and p-value < 0.01). Conclusion Four in 10 women in late-preterm labor subsequently delivered at term. Combination of examination and clinical features (including parity and gestational age) improved late-preterm birth prediction.

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