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Journal articles on the topic 'Pressurized Condition'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Malaguez, Edgard Gonçalves, Andressa Tellechea Rodrigues, Kelli Flores Garcez, Gabriela Ceratti Hoch, Ana Paula Schmidt, Francisco Augusto Burkert Del Pino, and Deise Dalazen Castagnara. "Analysis of Fibrous Compounds Using a Pressurized and Non-pressurized Conditions." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i4.17591.

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Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were evaluated in pressurized and unpressurized conditions using samples of roughage and concentrates. In summary, the samples were dried, processed in a knife mill, weighed in nonwoven bags (100g/m²), placed in a container and treated with neutral or acid detergents. Extractions of NDF and ADF content were carried out in a non-pressurized condition at temperature of 100°C for 60min and in pressurized condition using different temperatures of 100 and 110°C for 60min. Results of the different temperatures using the pressurized procedure were compared to those obtained with the pressurized through the linear regression analysis. The method with the temperature 110°C for 60 min had a high level of agreement. Was not observed a bias potential of proportion (P>0.05). There was not a systematic inclination of the methods to overestimate or underestimate errors. This methodology can be carried out with roughage and concentrate feedstuffs simultaneously.

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2

Chen, Pengju, Stefan Z. Miska, Rui Ren, Mengjiao Yu, Evren Ozbayoglu, and Nicholas Takach. "Poroelastic modeling of cutting rock in pressurized condition." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 169 (October 2018): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.009.

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3

Kikuchi, Motokazu, Norikuni Yanagihara, Tetsuo Miyamoto, Mikio Kanzaki, and Shigeru Matsumoto. "Flow Properties of Whipped Cream under Pressurized Condition." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 18, no. 5 (1992): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.18.570.

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4

Shao, Xin Jie, Guang Tian, Jin Hua Liu, Jian Bin Zhang, Li Li Yang, and Yun Guang Qi. "Experimental Research on Sealing Structure Leak-Rate of Pressurized Tube." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.523.

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In aerospace engineering, seal is an important component of manned spacecraft life-support system. The pressurized tube sealing equipment is designed, and the experimental system of principle leak-rate of pressurized tube is built, and the experimental theory of the principle leak-rate of pressurized tube is carried out. The experimental results show that leak-rate of pressurized tube is related with the internal pressure of pressurized tube, and sealing ability can be adjusted by controlling the pressure in tube. And leak-rate of pressurized tube is involved with sealed pressure differential, and the bigger pressure differential is, the larger leak-rate becomes. And pressurized tube can fit for big structure transfiguration, which provides condition for lessening structural weight. And the pressurized tube can meet the demands of sealing of space station.

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5

Kim, Young Ho, Hyo Sub Kim, Sang Jin Han, Chu Sik Park, Ki Kwang Bae, and Jong Gyu Lee. "Phase Separation Characteristics of Pressurized Bunsen Reaction for Sulfur-Iodine Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Process." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.554.

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The Sulfur-Iodine (SI) thermochemical hydrogen production process is promising method for the massive production of hydrogen using the high temperature thermal energy of VHTR. For continuous operation of SI process, the conditions of Bunsen reaction are considered as the pressurized conditions with ca. 373~393K temperature and the composition of Bunsen products should be kept constant during the reaction. Therefore, we carried out the continuous Bunsen reaction using a counter-current flow reactor at pressurized condition to investigate the phase separation characteristics of pressurized Bunsen reaction. As the results, the composition of Bunsen product was maintained constantly as the evidence for the steady-state operation. The continuous reaction was operated without occurrence of side reactions, and a H2SO4 phase and HIx phase as the product contains a small amount of impurities (HI in a H2SO4 phase and H2SO4 in a HIx phase). We concluded that the pressurized Bunsen reaction is favorable to the continuous operation of SI process than the atmospheric reaction.

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6

ISHIBASHI, Masahiro, and Masaki TAKAMOTO. "Calibration of Super-Accurate Critical Nozzles at Pressurized Condition." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 36, no. 1 (2000): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.36.1.

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7

Asano, Koichi, and Yoshihiro Mugikura. "Degradation Behavior of Membrane in PEFCs under Pressurized Condition." ECS Transactions 25, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3210630.

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8

Shatskyi, Ivan, Andrii Struk, and Maksym Vaskovskyi. "Static and Dynamic Stresses in Pipeline Built on Damaged Foundation." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsb-2017-0036.

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Abstract A deformation model of the buried pipeline under complicated geotechnical conditions of local ground failure is proposed. The effect of displacement of discontinuities in failed ground on the stressed condition and limited equilibrium of pressurized pipe has been studied.

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9

Wei, Jiafang, Yiyi Ma, David Z. Zhu, and Jian Zhang. "Effect of boundary conditions on the performance of a dropshaft with an internal divider." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.163.

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Abstract Dropshafts with an internal divider for air circulation are proposed to reduce air entrainment in plunging type dropshafts. Dropshafts typically operate under a pressurized downstream condition and with limited air supply from the top. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the dropshaft with an internal divider under different downstream conditions and air inlet conditions. From the experiments, a pressurized downstream condition would increase the air pressure in the dropshaft, reduce the outside air entrainment while increase the internal air circulation. Reducing the size of the air inlet would decrease the air pressure, meanwhile cause an increase in internal air circulation and a reduction in outside air entrainment. A dimensionless parameter of ‘effectiveness factor’ was also proposed to measure the effectiveness of the internal air circulation on reducing the outside air entrainment. This study considers the performance of the dropshaft with a divider under the conditions close to real situations, which is important to its design and application.

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10

Vinnakota, SRI Harsha Sri Harsha, R. Balaji, A. S. Brindha, Lakshman Neelakantan, and Krishnan Ramya. "Influence of Operating Parametres on PEM Based Ecmr for Hydrogen Production in Pressurised Condition." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 40 (October 9, 2022): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02401462mtgabs.

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Hydrogen has the potential to promote the development of new, innovative and environmentally friendly solutions for future demands which would help for the smooth energy transition from fossil fuels. Though hydrogen has a high potential to replace fossil fuels, the challenges associated with the hydrogen value chain are in the production, storage, transportation and distribution stages. Electrolysis of water in PEM based system is a single step green hydrogen production process while integrated with renewable energy resources. However, this energy-intensive process makes the hydrogen production cost high and it is pave way for adopting the grey hydrogen or blue hydrogen production route as an intermediate stage for the transition from fossil fuel to hydrogen fuel economy. In this context PEM based Electrochemical Methanol Reformer (ECMR) technology has unique advantages such as low electrical energy consumption than water electrolysis and it can be easily integrated with renewable energy sources. Further, it can be operated at near ambient temperature and doesn’t require any hydrogen purification system, unlike a chemical reformer. Currently, PEM based water electrolyzer is producing pressurized hydrogen, which will eliminate the need for an external hydrogen compressor for its storage. Further, the influence of operating parameters on the operation of PEM water electrolyser under pressurised conditions is studied in the literature. However, this aspect of the study is not well studied and not much literature is available on PEM based ECMR systems. The present work, it is aimed to systematically study the effect of various operating parameters on the performance of ECMR under pressurised operation conditions and the obtained results are discussed. It shows the operation of ECMR under pressurised condition are promising and it will eliminate the need for an external H2 compressor system for hydrogen storage like PEM based water electrolyzer. Keywords: Hydrogen, PEM based Electrochemical reformer, pressurised hydrogen

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11

Usui, Hiromoto, Tomonari Kobayashi, and Hiroshi Suzuki. "Prediction of Flow Characteristics of Whipped Cream under Pressurized Condition." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 33, no. 5 (2000): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.33.785.

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12

NAKAYAMA, Youko, Takuya SHIRAISHI, Toshiharu NOGI, and Minoru OHSUGA. "Behavior of Gasoline Hollow Cone Spray at Pressurized Surrounding Condition." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 65, no. 640 (1999): 4113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.65.4113.

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13

Brooks, G. N. "Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Pressurized Cylindrical Shells." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173075.

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Plasticity in shells is often contained near the ends of a segment where the bending stresses are significant. Outside of this local neighborhood the behavior is elastic. Thus, an axisymmetric shell can be divided along its axis into a purely elastic region away from an end and the local region where plasticity is present. The moment-curvature relation in the elastic-plastic region is calculated using the Tresca yield condition. Use of the Tresca yield condition greatly simplifies this derivation because the principal directions are known. This moment-curvature relationship is “exact” in the sense that only the standard assumptions of thin shell theory are made. The solutions of the elastic and plastic regions are matched at their intersection for an efficient numerical solution. The technique is used here to study the semi-infinite clamped cylindrical shell with an internal pressure loading.

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14

JI, HYUNJIN, EUNYEONG CHOI, and JUNGHUN LEE. "Optimal Operation Condition of Pressurized Methanol Fuel Processor for Underwater Environment." Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society 27, no. 5 (October 30, 2016): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7316/khnes.2016.27.5.485.

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15

Waqar, Muhammad, Moez Louati, Xun Wang, and Mohamed S. Ghidaoui. "Model-Free Matched Field Processing for Condition Assessment of Pressurized Pipes." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 147, no. 10 (October 2021): 04021066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001447.

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16

HASHIMOTO, Akira, Kenichirou KOSAKA, Norihisa MATAKE, Yasutoshi KIYABU, Yoshinori KOBAYASHI, and Tatsuo KABATA. "D211 Study on Performance in Pressurized Condition and Modularization of SOFC." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2010.15 (2010): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2010.15.407.

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17

Li, Lin, Yuanqiang Duan, Lunbo Duan, Chuanlong Xu, and Edward John Anthony. "Flow characteristics in pressurized oxy-fuel fluidized bed under hot condition." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 108 (November 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.06.020.

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18

Cho, Namkyung, Ohsung Kwon, Youngmog Kim, and Sangkwon Jeong. "Investigation of helium injection cooling to liquid oxygen under pressurized condition." Cryogenics 46, no. 11 (November 2006): 778–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2006.07.004.

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19

Wang, Xiang Gang, Wei Shen Zhu, Bin Gong, and Xue Zhen Wu. "Testing Study on Rock-Like Materials under Water Pressure Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.104.

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According to test exploration and research, the authors developed a multiaxial compression testing machine and water injection pressure device. Using the device, the authors carried out a multiaxial compression testing of transparent rock-like material successfully under water pressure condition. It has important meanings to the study on the engineering characteristic of fractured rock under pressurized water conditions.

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20

Weller, Fabian, Dino Keller, Sascha Wettstein, and Markus Graf. "Sensing Characteristics of Smart Microsensor Systems for Measuring Relative Humidity in Pressurized Air." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (December 19, 2018): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130871.

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The detailed experimental investigation of the performance of a commercially available smart humidity sensor used for the measurement of relative humidity at elevated pressures (0.1–2 MPa) is reported. A dedicated set-up was developed for generating defined humidities in pressurized air. The measurements reveal that the pressure coefficient of the sensor deviation at a given relative humidity condition cannot be attributed solely to the enhancement factor of the humid air. For such microsensors, an additional sensor-specific pressure compensation factor was determined which is significant for precise measurements in applications with pressurized air.

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21

KO, Dongwoo, Hajime NAKAGAWA, Kenji KAWAIKE, and Hao ZHANG. "STUDY ON SUITABLE COEFFICIENT OF OVERFLOW DISCHARGE EQUATION UNDER PRESSURIZED FLOW CONDITION." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 71, no. 4 (2015): I_169—I_174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.71.i_169.

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22

Denlinger, Roger P., and Daniel R. H. O’Connell. "Evolution of Faulting Induced by Deep Fluid Injection, Paradox Valley, Colorado." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 5 (August 18, 2020): 2308–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190328.

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ABSTRACT High-pressure fluid injection into a subhorizontal confined aquifer at 4.3–4.6 km depth induced >7000 earthquakes between 1991 and 2012 within once seismically quiescent Paradox Valley in Colorado, with magnitudes up to Mw 3.9. Earthquake hypocenters expanded laterally away from the well with time, defining the margins of the aquifer pressurized by injection at the well. Within 5 km of the well, alignment of earthquake hypocenters defines strikes of nine vertical fault zones. Previous studies show that these fault zones predate injection, producing left-stepping offsets in the normal faults of the Wray-Mesa fault system that cradles Paradox Valley. Hypocenters, rakes, and strikes of 2041 well-constrained focal mechanisms show that most injection-related earthquakes occur where these vertical faults intersect the pressurized aquifer. Well-defined focal mechanisms show that this induced seismicity consists of Riedel shear faults at acute angles to the strikes of these fault zones. These small faults develop an anastomosing fault structure of focal planes along each planar fault zone, as fluid injection continues, even as their hypocenters define a single planar fault zone. Failure conditions at each hypocenter are found using a fully coupled poroelastic analysis of stress induced by fluid injection, and this analysis indicates a minimum Coulomb failure condition of 0.1 MPa. This failure condition is primarily a result of aquifer pore-fluid pressurization, as almost all well-located seismicity is within the pressurized aquifer. Reducing the rate of injection and frequent well shutdowns in the second decade nearly eliminated induced seismicity, except very near the well where gradients in pressurization are the largest. Despite these decreases in failure conditions and seismicity, some fault zones continued to produce earthquakes larger than M 3 as injection continued.

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23

Lee, Kee Sung, In Sub Han, Doo Won Seo, and Sang Kuk Woo. "Strength Degradation of Silicon Carbide Hot Gas Filter in the Simulated PFBC Condition." Key Engineering Materials 287 (June 2005): 495–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.287.495.

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Strength degradations of porous silicon carbide hot gas filters bonded with clay and calcium carbonate are investigated in the simulated condition of the pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC). Thermal cycling, static fatigue, thermal shock, and hot corrosion tests are conducted to differentiate the independent parameter that affects the strength degradation during the filtration using silicon carbide filter in PFBC condition. The results indicate that hot corrosive gas mainly causes the strength reduction because of the degradation of grain boundary region.

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24

Asano, Koichi, Yoshiriho Mugikura, and Takao Watanabe. "Degradation of Pt Catalyst Layer in PEFCs During Load Cycling under Pressurized Condition." ECS Transactions 16, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2981914.

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25

Tadmor, E. B., and D. Durban. "Plastic Deformation and Burst of Pressurized Multilayered Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842096.

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A large strain analysis is presented for internally pressurized multilayered tubes, in generalized plane strain. Material behavior is modeled by an elastoplastic deformation theory with an orthotropic yield function, introduced by Hill, and arbitrary hardening. Elastic compressibility is neglected. An exact solution is given, in terms of quadratures, along with a general condition for burst. Simple yet useful relations are derived for thin-walled cylinders with the neglect of elastic strains. For rigid/nonlinear-hardening response, we obtain an expression for the onset of burst in terms of overall effective moduli. A few numerical examples are given and the possibility of locating an optimal two-layer configuration is discussed. It appears that optimization with respect to weight is attainable provided that appropriate materials are selected.

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26

Xue, Fei, Zhi Feng Luo, Wei Wei Yu, Yan Liu, Xiao Chen, and Guo Dong Zhang. "Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Behavior Investigation and Fracture Analysis on Austenitic Stainless Steel of Surge Line in Nuclear Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.166.

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In order to confirm the structural integrity of pressurizer surge line affected by thermal stratification and thermal shock, the thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior of the material used for surge line was investigated based on the real situation in the pressurized water reactor (PWR). Smooth, hollow specimens were subjected to in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) cycling in air under a mechanical strain control mode. For the sake of comparison, low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were also performed at the peak temperatures of TMF cycling. The Nano Hardness Tester was used to test the nano hardness of the sample on the cut section surface. The results are shown that there is no significant difference between the IP, OP and IF lives in the investigated temperature ranges. The fracture analysis reveals that the crack initiation and propagation occurred in a transgranular mode under OP, IP and IF cycling condition, and a harden layer occurrence may be the cause of the crack initiation.

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27

Durban, David, and Michael Kubi. "A General Solution for the Pressurized Elastoplastic Tube." Journal of Applied Mechanics 59, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899431.

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The problem of a thick-walled cylindrical tube subjected to internal pressure is investigated within the framework of continuum plasticity. Material behavior is modeled by a finite strain elastoplastic flow theory based on the Tresca yield function. The deformation pattern is restricted by the plane-strain condition but arbitrary hardening and elastic compressibility are accounted for. A general solution is given in terms of quadratures. The analysis also includes treatment of a second plastic phase, characterized by corner relations, that may develop at the inner boundary. It is shown that the interface between the two plastic regions moves initially outwards and then, beyond a certain strain level, it moves back inwards. Some useful and simple results are given for thin-walled tubes of hardening materials and for thick-walled elastic/perfectly plastic tubes.

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28

Luo, Juan, and Jia Cheng Luo. "Influence Factors of Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Reactor Pressure Vessel under Pressurized Thermal Shock." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.333.

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When the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is subjected to pressurized thermal shock (PTS), the cooling water injected by the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) will generate a large temperature difference in the wall thickness of the pressure vessel. On the other hand, the fracture toughness of the RPV material decreases a lot under long-term neutron irradiation. Under this condition, the PTS transient may cause a rapid growth of defects in the inner surface of the vessel, resulting in failure of the pressure vessel. In this paper, the fracture mechanics analysis method of RPV under pressurized thermal shock is studied. The thermal analysis and structural analysis of the pressure vessel are performed by finite element method. The stress intensity factor and fracture toughness are obtained through calculation. At the same time, the influence factors of fracture mechanics analysis of RPV under PTS condition are analyzed. The effects of different crack size, crack type, load transient, and neutron irradiation flux on the PTS fracture mechanics analysis results are evaluated. Results show that the larger the ratio of length to depth for axial inner surface cracks, the easier RPV crack grows. Under small break condition, the circumferential cracks are safer than axial cracks. The longer the operating time, the more severe the embrittlement of RPV materials, which will lead to the failure of RPV more easily. For the two typical PTS transients studied in this paper, the re-pressurization condition is safer than the small break condition. The results can provide basis for structural integrity assessment of RPV under PTS condition.

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29

YAO, Hongshuai, Pei YU, Ting HOU, Haoran FU, and Qi SUN. "RESPONSE APPROACH AND ANALYSIS METHOD FOR EXCESSIVE COOLING CONDITION OF PASSIVE PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2019.27 (2019): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2019.27.1795.

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30

Matsuo, Yuichi, Yusuke Yoshinaga, Yasushi Sekine, Keiichi Tomishige, and Kaoru Fujimoto. "Autothermal CO2 reforming of methane over NiO–MgO solid solution catalysts under pressurized condition." Catalysis Today 63, no. 2-4 (December 2000): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00489-2.

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31

Leu, Jyh-Yih, Yen-Hui Lin, and Fuh-Long Chang. "Conversion of CO2 into CH4 by methane-producing bacterium FJ10 under a pressurized condition." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 89, no. 9 (September 2011): 1879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2011.02.033.

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32

Ko, Byeong-Gon, Ji-Hun Na, Duck-Hyun Nam, Ki-Hoon Kang, and Chae-Young Lee. "Fouling Mitigation for Pressurized Membrane of Side-Stream MBR Process at Abnormal Operation Condition." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 38, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2016.38.6.323.

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KAWAHARA, Nobuyuki, Eiji TOMITA, and Ryo KASHIMURA. "802 Optical Diagnostics of Direct Injection Gasoline Hollow-Cone Spray at Pressurized Surrounding Condition." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 005.2 (2000): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.005.2.235.

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34

Jeong, Ill Seok, Sang Jai Kim, Taek Ho Song, Jong Jooh Kwon, Sung Yul Hong, and Sun Young Cho. "Environmental Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Cast Stainless Steels under PWR Condition." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.968.

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Environmental fatigue crack propagation of CF8M and CF8A steels used in the domestic nuclear power plants (NPPs) were investigated on the simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) condition (temperature: 316°C, pressure: 15MPa). The test equipment for environmental fatigue (high temperature-high pressure loop, autoclave, load frame, and measurement system) was designed. As-received and 60-year aged specimens were used in the test. To compare with environmental fatigue test, another test in the air condition was performed. The fracture surfaces of specimens were difficult to verify the fracture modes such as striation, inter-granular crack and cleavage and so on. As the ferrite content of CF8M is increased, more particles on the fracture surface were peeled.

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35

Sari, Fahriya Puspita, Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat, Sita Heris Anita, Fitria Fitria, and Euis Hermiati. "Peningkatan Produksi Gula Pereduksi dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Praperlakuan Asam Organik pada Reaktor Bertekanan." REAKTOR 16, no. 4 (January 3, 2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.16.4.199-206.

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ENHANCEMENT OF REDUCING SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH BY PRETREATMENT USING ORGANIC ACID IN PRESSURIZED REACTOR. Organic acids are potential to create more environmentally friendly process in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of organic acid pretreatment in reducing sugar production in a pressurized reactor with various resident times and temperatures on enzymatic hydrolysis of OPEFB. Two different organic acids (maleic acid and oxalic acid) were used in the pretreatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using a pressurized reactor. Factorial design using three different temperatures (170, 180, and 190°C) and four resident times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) were employed, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Each condition conducted two repetitions. Analysis was conducted on the reducing sugar that was produced after saccharification by means of the severity factor of each pretreatment condition. Maleic acid showed higher reducing sugar yield with lower severity factor than oxalic acid with the same operating conditions. The highest yield of reducing sugars (80.84%) was obtained using maleic acid at 170 for 60 minutes with severity factor of 1.836. Keywords: bioethanol; organic acid pretreatment; pressurized reactor; severity factor; oil palm empty fruit bunches; Abstrak Asam organik berpotensi dalam membantu proses praperlakuan dari biomassa lignoselulosa untuk memproduksi bioetanol yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam organik, suhu dan waktu operasi terhadap produksi gula pereduksi dengan reaktor bertekanan pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Dua asam organik yang berbeda yaitu asam oksalat dan asam maleat digunakan untuk proses praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan. Dalam proses praperlakuan digunakan tiga suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu 170, 180, dan 190°C dan empat waktu operasi 15, 30, 45, dan 60 min yang dilanjutkan dengan proses hidrolisis enzimatis. Setiap kondisi dilakukan dua kali pengulangan. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa uji gula pereduksi dan severity factor pada kondisi tiap praperlakuan. Asam maleat menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dengan severity factor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan menggunakan asam oksalat dengan kondisi operasi yang sama. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa praperlakuan tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan bantuan reaktor bertekanan memiliki rendemen gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 80,84% dengan menggunakan asam maleat pada suhu 170°C selama 60 menit dengan severity factor sebesar 1,836. Kata kunci: bioetanol; praperlakuan asam organik; reaktor bertekanan; severity factor; tandan kosong kelapa sawit.

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36

Hagemeijer, P. M., and G. Kerkveld. "A methodology for risk-based inspection of pressurized systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 212, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954408981529286.

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This paper describes a methodology for risk-based inspection and focuses on the planning of inspection activities. Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) operates a large number of ageing production and evacuation facilities in the South China Sea, and is facing the challenge to identify the optimal inspection effort in a period of time when more production is required and operating costs have to be minimized. Since 1989 major investments (annual costs about 15 million US$) were made to perform base line inspections which resulted in corrective work and a large repository of equipment integrity data. These data require analysis and updating, as defined in this methodology. The challenge is for BSP to implement risk-based inspection of static equipment, which so far has been very successful. The methodology is based on the determination of risk by evaluating the consequences and the likelihood of equipment failure. Likelihood of failure is assessed, by means of extrapolation, at the future planned maintenance campaign to identify the necessary corrective work. The extrapolation is based on historical inspection and maintenance data as well as on anticipated future operating conditions. Such an analysis requires in-depth knowledge of the equipment regarding functions, operating conditions, materials, imposed potential failure modes and causes, and their controlling parameters (integrity parameters). The novelty of the method is that equipment integrity is expressed in terms of integrity parameters, which can be measured and trended. Consequently, based on defined limits for the integrity parameters (i.e. anomaly classifications), actions for managing risk to an acceptable low level can be identified. The transparent linkage between monitoring activities (e.g. inspection) and integrity parameters offers an effective framework to manage and to demonstrate integrity against clear quantifiable acceptance limits. By pursuing the above methodology for all equipment, a list of inspection activities, prioritized on equipment condition and the risk of failure, can be derived. Within BSP this has resulted in a demonstrated increased efficiency of the inspection effort, a focused strategy for repairs executed on a campaign basis, and an improved quantification of BSP's facilities integrity. The approach has been proven in the company to be practical and it can be implemented relatively quickly.

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Lv, Jian Hua, Xu He, Kun Yu, and Xue Li. "Simulation Research on the Coke-Oven Gas Pressurized Desulfurization Process." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.813.

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After a research on the existing HPF process, this paper presented a new pressurized desulfurization process, which solved low desulfurization efficiency of HPF process and applied a more simple process. The new process was simulated and optimized on the process simulation software, the operating factors of tow columns such as flow of desulfurization solution, desulfurization tower pressure, stripping tower cold-hot feed match, flow of sour gas, side withdrawing position, are studied, the best operating condition was found. The results of simulation were in good agreement with the practice.

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Karlsen, Wade, Aki Toivonen, and Pål Efsing. "Baseline Examinations and Autoclave Tests of 65 and 100 dpa Flux Thimble Tube O-Ring Specimens." Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 248–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd2020014.

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This paper describes the methods and results of analytical TEM examinations and autoclave testing of two highly-irradiated flux thimble tube materials harvested from a commercial pressurized water reactor. The materials are cold-worked 316L, and accumulated 65 dpa and 100 dpa of radiation dose. To set the baseline for a broader study, the materials were examined in the as-irradiated condition and tested as O-ring specimens at relatively high constant loads in simulated PWR water conditions. Tests were also conducted with elevated hydrogen. For a given load, more rapid cracking was associated with higher radiation dose, and with the elevated hydrogen.

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Srivastava, Abhishek, and Chung-Yuen Hui. "Large deformation contact mechanics of a pressurized long rectangular membrane. II. Adhesive contact." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2160 (December 8, 2013): 20130425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0425.

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In part I of this work, we presented a theory for adhesionless contact of a pressurized neo-Hookean plane-strain membrane to a rigid substrate. Here, we extend our theory to include adhesion using a fracture mechanics approach. This theory is used to study contact hysteresis commonly observed in experiments. Detailed analysis is carried out to highlight the differences between frictionless and no-slip contact. Membrane detachment is found to be strongly dependent on adhesion: for low adhesion, the membrane ‘pinches-off’, whereas for large adhesions, it detaches unstably at finite contact (‘pull-off’). Expressions are derived for the critical adhesion needed for pinch-off to pull-off transition. Above a threshold adhesion, the membrane exhibits bistability, two stable states at zero applied pressure. The condition for bistability for both frictionless and no-slip boundary conditions is obtained explicitly.

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Ahn, C. Y., M. S. Lim, W. Hwang, S. Kim, J. E. Park, J. Lim, I. Choi, Y. H. Cho, and Y. E. Sung. "Effect of Porous Metal Flow Field in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell under Pressurized Condition." Fuel Cells 17, no. 5 (September 21, 2017): 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201700042.

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Helmy, Salwa, Magy Kandil, and Ahmed Refaey. "Analysis of thermal hydraulic behavior of KONVOI PWR during a design extension condition." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 36, no. 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp201209004h.

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In nuclear power plants the design extension conditions are more complex and severe than those postulated as design basis accidents, therefore, they must be taken into account in the safety analyses. In this study, many hypothetical investigated transients are applied on KONVOI pressurized water reactor during a 6 inches (182 cm2) cold leg small break loss-of-coolant-accident to revise the effects of all safety systems ways through their availability/non-availability on the thermal hydraulic behaviour of the reactor. The investigated transients are represented through three cases of small break loss-of-coolant-accident as, Case-1, without scram and all of the safety systems are a failure, Case-2, the normal scram actuation with a failure of all safety systems (non-availability), and finally Case-3, with normal actuation scram sequence and normal sequential actuation of all safety systems (availability). These three investigated transient cases are simulated by creating a model using analysis of thermal-hydraulics of leaks and transient code. In all transient cases, all types of reactivity feed- backs, boron, moderator density, moderator temperature, and fuel temperature are considered. The steady-state results are nearly in agreement with the plant parameters available in previous literature. The results show the importance of the reactivity feedback effects in loss-of-coolant-accident on the fallouts power as they are considered the key parameters for controlling the clad and fuel temperatures to maintain them below their melting point. Moreover, the calculated results in all cases show that the thermal-hydraulic parameters are in acceptable ranges and encounter the safety criterion during loss-of-coolant-accident design extension conditions accidents processes. Furthermore, the results show that the core uncover and fuel heat up do not occur in KONVOI pressurized water reactor the design extension conditions simulations, as all safety systems provide adequate core cooling by sufficient water inventory into the core to cover it.

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Maxwell, T. T., Joe D. Nevill, A. Ertas, and Joe Craig. "Biomass Feed System Flow Control Using a Weigh Belt Table." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 127, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1804500.

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Over the last 100 years, the ability to reliably extract energy through biomass gasification has proven to be quite elusive. Environmental issues, energy shortages, and the lack of coherent energy development policies in third world countries have kindled a renewed interest in biomass gasification technology. Recent innovations in pressurized fluidized bed gasification technology have raised expectations for the development of highly efficient biomass gasification power systems. The use of pressurized gasification systems has introduced a supposedly insurmountable problem regarding the transport of biomass across a pressure differential as it is fed to the gasifier. The biomass feed system must provide the capability to not only reliably feed the biomass to the gasifier, it must also monitor and automatically adjust the feed rate to the operating condition of the system. This paper presents the development of a biomass feed system, weight belt assembly modeling, and automated cascade loop PID control development.

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BACALBASA, Nicolae, Irina BALESCU, and Adnan Al ALOUL. "Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy in nonresectable carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2021.2.14.

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Peritoneal carcinomatosis colorectal cancer unfortunately represents a frequently encountered condition during the natural history of this malignancy which has been considered for a long period of time as a terminal event. However, once new surgical and oncological therapies have been reported significant changes have been reported in the management of these cases. Therefore, cytoreductive surgery to no residual disease as a stand-alone procedure or in association with intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy has been proposed and significant benefits in terms of survival have been reported; unfortunately not all patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis are candidates for this combined approach, especially if extended, nonresectable lesions are present. In such cases pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) has been proposed with promising results. The aim of the current paper is to review the most important studies conducted on this issue.

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Yamamoto, Minoru, Haruo Mori, and Tsuneo Yoshikawa. "Operating Characteristics of an Externally Pressurized Gas Lubricated Piston Ring." Journal of Tribology 117, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831287.

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An analytical model is presented to obtain the film thickness profile of an externally pressurized gas lubricated piston ring which is applied to an air compressor. In order to examine the effects of the ends of the ring, the analysis is based on the two-dimensional, transient, compressible Reynolds equation accounting for the ring deflection and the equilibrium condition of the ring in the clearance space between the piston and the cylinder bore. In the numerical simulation, the Reynolds equation is discretized by using a cell method. The resulting nonlinear system of equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson iteration method. The obtained results show that the piston ring keeps the lubricating film thickness within a narrow range of the design clearance over the entire circumferential area throughout one cycle of compressor operation.

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Kawashima, Kenji, Chongho Youn, and Toshiharu Kagawa. "Development of a Nozzle-Flapper-Type Servo Valve Using a Slit Structure." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 5 (November 6, 2006): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2717617.

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Pneumatic servo valves play a significant role in power transmission and system control using a pressurized gas. When pressurized air passes through servo valves, noise and pressure fluctuations are often experienced at the downstream side, and such fluctuations limit the value’s efficiency. In this paper, a novel four-port nozzle-flapper-type servo valve using a slit structure instead of an orifice plate is proposed. The slit structure maintains a laminar flow condition, and this provides an opportunity for the minimization of the noise and pressure fluctuations. The slit structure is fabricated using etching technology. The flow characteristics of the slit are investigated theoretically and experimentally in order to evaluate the design specifications and characteristics of the valve. The experimental results indicated that the noise level decreased by approximately 15dB and could reduce the pressure fluctuation by 75%, compared with the previous valve. It is felt that the valve is more effective than many current valves.

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Chen, Chang Ting, Jin Fu Yang, and De Jun Wang. "Research on Supersonic and Subsonic Field of Externally Pressurized Gas Lubricated Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1642.

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The flow passage including supply hole of externally pressurized gas was investigated. The outlet velocity of supply hole, bearing number and supply pressure’s relationship were built. According to supply hole’s speed, supersonic or subsonic model was chosen to calculate bearing clearance’s pressure distribution. Bearing number’s effects on pressure’s distribution was also studied. The calculation result shows that at larger bearing number, supply hole’s speed is harder to be chocked. Both in supersonic and subsonic condition, larger bearing number produces lower pressure loss.

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47

Ghayour, M., S. Ziaei Rad, R. Talebitooti, and M. Talebitooti. "Dynamic Analysis and Critical Speed of Pressurized Rotating Composite Laminated Conical Shells Using Generalized Differential Quadrature Method." Journal of Mechanics 26, no. 1 (March 2010): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100003725.

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AbstractFree vibration analysis of rotating composite laminated conical shells with different boundary conditions using the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM), is investigated. Equations of motion are derived based on Love's first approximation theory by taking the effects of initial hoop tension and the centrifugal and Coriolis acceleration due to rotation and initial uniform pressure load into account. Then, the equations of motion as well as the boundary condition equations are transformed into a set of algebraic equation applying the GDQM. The results are obtained for the frequency characteristics of different orthotropic parameters, rotating velocities, cone angles and boundary conditions. The presented results are compared with those available in the literature and good agreements are achieved.

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Kishimoto, Fumimitsu, Tetsuro Yokono, and Yuzo Sanada. "Influence of Organometal Compounds on The Formation of Carbon Microbeads from n-Paraffin under Pressurized Condition." TANSO 1989, no. 138 (1989): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.1989.146.

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MATSUDA, Tomonori, Masaharu NISHIMURA, and Atsushi NAGATA. "110 Noise reduction using acoustic transparent wall : Influence of the pressurized condition to acoustic reflection coefficient." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2009.19 (2009): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2009.19.31.

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Ma, H. S., G. Z. Wang, S. Liu, S. T. Tu, and F. Z. Xuan. "Unified constraint parameter solutions for axial and circumferential surface cracks in pressurized pipes under creep condition." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 189 (February 2018): 307–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.11.032.

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