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1
Kempson, Ruth, and Ronnie Cann. "Dialogue pressures and syntactic change." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1046/.
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On the basis of the Dynamic Syntax
framework, this paper argues that the
production pressures in dialogue determining
alignment effects and given versus
new informational effects also drive
the shift from case-rich free word order
systems without clitic pronouns into systems
with clitic pronouns with rigid relative
ordering. The paper introduces assumptions of Dynamic Syntax, in particular the building up of interpretation through structural underspecification and update, sketches the attendant account of production with close coordination of parsing and production strategies, and shows how what was at the Latin stage a purely pragmatic, production-driven decision about linear ordering becomes encoded in the clitics in theMedieval Spanish system which then through successive steps of routinization yield the modern systems with immediately pre-verbal fixed clitic templates.
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Johnson, James Stewart. "Secular change pressures in UK corporate bank lending." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/31922.
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This thesis examines the question of the existence of banks as financial intermediaries. It is apparent in UK corporate bank lending that there is a long-term secular decline which is reducing the scale and affecting the form of such lending and which is inducing a redefinition of the role of banks in the financial system. In the final analysis banks exist as a response to market imperfections: scale economies; information asymmetries; monitoring reputation; control facilities; and commitment abilities. These provide alternative conditions defining banks, their position in the financial system and their comparative advantages.
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Crayne, Jennifer. "Teaching Climate Change: Pressures and Practice in the Middle School Science Classroom." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19302.
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What are middle school science teachers teaching their students about climate change? And why? This qualitative study examined the experience of middle school science teachers from western Oregon, finding that while participating teachers accept the science of climate change and express concern about it, many teachers are reluctant to make the topic a priority in their classrooms. When they do include the subject, teachers frequently address “both sides.” They also report that students have persistent doubts and misconceptions about climate change. What accounts for these trends? I argue that the way teachers address climate change is a result of complex interactions between structural pressures, emotional pressures, and cultural pressures. I conclude that, in order to promote the inclusion of sound climate science instruction in public schools, advocates of climate change education need to address challenges at all these levels: structural, emotional, and cultural.
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Winanti, Poppy Sulistyaning. "External pressures or domestic politics : explaining change in developing countries’ intellectual property legislation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2794/.
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This thesis aims to explain the change in developing countries’ intellectual property legislation as a response to their Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) obligations. When the TRIPs Agreement was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade talks, developing countries resisted its adoption because of their different domestic norms and traditions relating to intellectual property rights and concerns about the administrative costs of implementing the agreement. Nevertheless, when the TRIPs Agreement came into force, almost all developing countries altered their domestic intellectual property laws, and many did so prior to the deadline for implementation and/or adopted more rigorous intellectual property rules than required by TRIPs. That many developing countries have adjusted their domestic intellectual property law poses the puzzle that this thesis seeks to explain. It does so by testing two competing explanations: the role of external pressures (both in terms of great power coercion and legalisation of international institutions) and domestic politics. This thesis combines a survey of the timing and quality of 102 WTO developing country members’ legislation across patents, copyrights, and trademarks, with detailed case studies of changes to intellectual property legislation in India and Indonesia, which are both unlikely cases for compliance, but reflect different domestic political circumstances. The empirical findings demonstrate that external pressures cannot provide a satisfactory explanation, as policy change occurred both with the presence and in the absence of these pressures. In order to fully understand the change in developing countries’ intellectual property legislation, it is also necessary to analyse the preferences of domestic actors (societal and governmental) and how they interact. By arguing this, this thesis thus suggests the importance of taking domestic politics into account to explain change in developing countries’ domestic legislation as a response to inconvenient international obligations.
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Alquist, Erik James. "The Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressures on NADH Conformation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281640692.
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Mazi, Aikaterini. "Seawater intrusion risks and controls for safe use of coastal groundwater under multiple change pressures." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103137.
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In the era of intense pressures on water resources, the loss of groundwater by increased seawater intrusion (SWI), driven by climate, sea level and landscape changes, may be critical for many people living in commonly populous coastal regions. Analytical solutions have been derived here for interface flow in coastal aquifers, which allow for simple quantification of SWI under extended conditions from previously available such solutions and are suitable for first-order regional vulnerability assessment and mapping of the implications of climate- and landscape-driven change scenarios and related comparisons across various coastal world regions. Specifically, the derived solutions can account for the hydraulically significant aquifer bed slope in quantifying the toe location of a fresh-seawater sharp interface in the present assessments of vulnerability and safe exploitation of regional coastal groundwater. Results show high nonlinearity of SWI responses to hydro-climatic and groundwater pumping changes on the landside and sea level rise on the marine side, implying thresholds, or tipping points, which, if crossed, may lead abruptly to major SWI of the aquifer. Critical limits of coastal groundwater change and exploitation have been identified and quantified in direct relation to prevailing local-regional conditions and stresses, defining a safe operating space for the human use of coastal groundwater. Generally, to control SWI, coastal aquifer management should focus on adequate fresh groundwater discharge to the sea, rather than on maintaining a certain hydraulic head at some aquifer location. First-order vulnerability assessments for regional Mediterranean aquifers of the Nile Delta Aquifer, the Israel Coastal Aquifer and the Cyprus Akrotiri Aquifer show that in particular the first is seriously threatened by advancing seawater. Safe operating spaces determined for the latter two show that the current pumping schemes are not sustainable under declining recharge.The thesis was founded by two research programmes: NEO private-academic sector partnership and Ekoklim, a strategic governmental funding through Stockholm University
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Lamont, John. "An exploration of the institutional pressures and reconciliation strategies encountered in the process of technological change." Thesis, Ulster University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.692825.
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This study sought to explore the pressures and reconciliations of the Technological Change associated with social media adoption at both an internal and external level through the theoretical lens of Institutional Theory. It employed a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews to gather data from various human actors internal and external to the organisation. The research process consisted of interviews with social media managers and consultants through the United Kingdom (UK), Republic of Ireland (RI) and the United States of America (USA) over a 25-month period. Findings highlighted that Institutional pressures are significant at four levels: External stakeholder, Platform, Internal stakeholder and Independent forces. This study revealed that reconciliation of Technological Change pressures can be refined into four distinctive strategies, which are both implicit or explicit in nature: non isomorphic behaviour, utilise internal capabilities, strategies and utilise external resources. Among the theoretical contributions of this thesis, is the extension of the understanding of mimetic isomorphism, as the same pressures that constrain Technological Change can assist with the reconciliation of pressures. Further, it highlights that a cohort of Institutional Entrepreneurs can work together to achieve Technological Change. It confirms the rate of innovation is not only a critical concern once the technology has been adopted but it is also a concern in the pre adoption phase. The theoretical framework developed offers a significant contribution to the existing literature highlighting that Technological Change is an ongoing process and a layer of institutional pressures must be navigated through appropriate reconciliation techniques to achieve change.
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Seyhan, Barış. "Urbanization Pressures in Protected Heritage Sites and Tourism-Driven Landscape Change: A Case Study of Olympos, Turkey." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669298.
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L’objectiu general de la recerca és conèixer els processos i mecanismes d’evolució de les destinacions del turisme patrimonial a les zones rurals i protegides i proporcionar metodologies riguroses per la planificació i la gestió del turisme patrimonial. Per aconseguir-ho, es proposa i prova un model en cinc dimensions. S'analitzen les etapes del procés evolutiu de l’Àrea de Turisme d’Olympos (OTA) i el “modus operandi” d'aquest procés.
A la recerca s'han utilitzat metodologies qualitatives i quantitatives. La investigació es realitza mitjançant mètodes de revisió integrativa, anàlisi espacial basada en SIG, enquestes i entrevistes semiestructurades. Olympos / Antalya a Turquia és la zona escollida per l'estudi dels casos. Les preguntes relacionades amb els indicadors de les cinc dimensions del desenvolupament de la destinació turística patrimonial (HTD) es plantegen mitjançant entrevistes semiestructurades. Les respostes s’analitzen manualment. A més, s’analitzen ortofotografias en aplicacions GIS com QGIS, ArcGIS i ENVI i s’hi identifiquen transformacions espacials. D'altra banda, es realitza una enquesta per aclarir la mutació de la tipologia turística del patrimoni en paral·lel amb el procés d'evolució de la destinació.
Els resultats han demostrat que les característiques socioculturals, econòmiques, ambientals, espacials i de consum d’un HTD canvien interrelacionadament i que provoquen canvis d’etapa en el procés evolutiu. La turificació de les zones protegides avança en marcs legals específics relacionats amb els problemes de conservació i protecció. Els resultats globals de l'estudi demostren que dues filosofies inversives tenen lloc en el modus operandi del procés de turificació. Els canvis d’etapa es produeixen relacionats amb un equilibri entre accions i pràctiques “transformadores” i “conservadores”.El objetivo general de la investigación es conocer los procesos y mecanismos de evolución de los destinos de turismo patrimonial en las zonas rurales y protegidas y proporcionar metodologias rigurosas para la planificación y la gestión del turismo patrimonial. Para ello, se propone y prueba un modelo en cinco dimensiones. Se analizan las etapas del proceso evolutivo del Área de Turismo de Olympos (OTA) y el "modus operandi" del proceso. En la investigación se utilizan metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas. La investigación se realiza mediante métodos de revisión integrativa, análisis espacial basada en SIG, encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Olympos / Antalya en Turquía es la zona escogida para el estudio de los casos. Las preguntas relacionadas con los indicadores de las cinco dimensiones del desarrollo del destino turístico patrimonial (HTD) se plantean mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las respuestas se analizan manualmente. Además, se analizan ortofotografias en aplicaciones GIS como qgis, ArcGIS y ENVI y se identifican transformaciones espaciales. Por otra parte, se realiza una encuesta para aclarar la mutación de la tipología turística del patrimonio en paralelo con el proceso de evolución del destino. Los resultados demuestran que las características socioculturales, económicas, ambientales, espaciales y de consumo de un HTD cambian interrelacionadamente y que provocan cambios de etapa en el proceso evolutivo. La turificación de las zonas protegidas avanza en marcos legales específicos relacionados con los problemas de conservación y protección. Los resultados globales del estudio demuestran que dos filosofías inversivas tienen lugar en el modus operandi del proceso de turificación. Los cambios de etapa se producen relacionados con un equilibrio entre acciones y prácticas "transformadoras" y "conservadoras.
The overall objective of the study is to generate understanding of processes and mechanisms of evolution of heritage tourism destinations in rural and protected areas and provide operational implementations for heritage tourism planning and management. To achieve this, a five-dimensional model is proposed and tested. The stages in the evolutionary process of Olympos Tourism Area (OTA) and the modus operandi of the process have been revealed. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies are employed in thesis study. The research is conducted by using integrative reviewing, GIS-based spatial analysing, surveying and semi-structured interviewing methods. Olympos/Antalya in Turkey is chosen as case study area. The questions that were related to indicators of five dimensions of heritage tourism destination (HTD) development are posed through semi-structured interviews. The responses are analysed manually. In addition, orthographic photos are analysed in GIS applications such as QGIS, ArcGIS and ENVI and spatial transformations identified. Moreover, a survey is conducted to clarify mutation in heritage tourist typology in parallel with the evolution process of the destination. The results showed that socio-cultural, economic, environmental, spatial and consumption characteristics of a HTD are changing interrelatedly and the causing stage changes in evolutionary process. The tourismification of protected areas advances under specific legal frameworks that are related to conservation and protection concerns. The overall results of the study showed that two inversive philosophies take place in modus operandi of the tourismification process. The stage changes occur related to a balance between “transformative” and “preservative” actions and practices
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Braithwaite, Peter Franklin. "Commercial pressures and social justice in the Indian textile and garment industries : rules, conventions, commitments and change." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39450/.
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This thesis explores the tensions that arise when business enterprises respond to situations that have both commercial aspects and implications for workers. Using Grounded Theory methodology it examines data from 56 case profiles, extensive interviews and secondary sources in order to understand the nature and variety of the social and commercial commitments that enterprises in the Indian textile and garment industries make and how these are influenced by the rules and conventions inherent in global value chains and in the local culture. It uses concepts drawn from Convention Theory, from social realism and from the social justice literature to develop an analytical framework that explains how priorities are coordinated in three arenas – within enterprises, in interactions connected with the workplace and in society as a whole. The findings show that, in the mainstream, social commitments are generally weak and behaviour towards workers is inconsistent, reflecting a reactive stance that ethical trading has done little to change. Most social enterprises have similarly weak commercial commitments and efforts by Fair Trade organisations to reach mainstream markets have proved problematic. Few examples have been found of commercial success achieved in a way that also meets the criteria of social justice. Those cases that have come closest have created new business models that integrate social and commercial values, forged by means of long-term business relationships or partnerships. A variety of mutually-reinforcing factors combine to determine the balance of priorities – public discourse, engagement by stakeholders, including workers, and internal processes for resolving differences – and these are affected by the level of scrutiny and openness to organisational learning. Interventions aimed at greater social justice in the industry or at scaling up social enterprise need to recognise the complexity of these interrelationships and the ways in which rules, conventions and commitments blend to determine behaviour.
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Gomez, Montano Lorena. "Do microbial communities in soils of the Bolivian Altiplano change under economic pressures for shorter fallow periods?" Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13726.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Plant Pathology
Karen A. Garrett
Ari Jumpponen
Traditional fallow periods in the Bolivian highlands are being shortened in an effort to increase short-term crop yields, with potential long-term impacts on soil communities. Using 454-pyrosequencing, we characterized fungal and bacterial community responses to (1) the length of fallow period and (2) the presence of the plants Parasthrephia sp. or Baccharis sp. (both locally known as ‘thola’). Thola is widely considered by farmers as beneficial to soil health, although it is also frequently harvested as a source of fuel by farmers. Soils in one study area, Ancoraimes, had higher levels of organic matter, nitrogen and other macronutrients compared to the other study area, Umala. In our analyses, Ancoraimes soils supported more diverse fungal communities, whereas Umala had more diverse bacterial communities. Unexpectedly, the longer fallow periods were associated with lower fungal diversity in Umala and lower bacterial diversity in Ancoraimes. Fungi assigned to genera Verticillium, Didymella, and Alternaria, and bacteria assigned to genera Paenibacillus, Segetibacter, and Bacillariophyta decreased in abundance with longer fallow period. The presence of thola did not significantly affect overall soil fungal or bacterial diversity, but did increase the frequency of some genera such as Fusarium and Bradyrhizobium. Our results suggest that fallow period has a range of effects on microbial communities, and that the removal of thola from the fields impacts the dynamics of the soil microbial communities.
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Alsharari, Nizar Mohammad Hussein. "The dynamics of management accounting change in the Jordanian Customs Organization as influenced by NPM reforms : institutional pressures." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6963/.
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Main Purpose: This study aims to explain the processes of management accounting change in the Jordanian Customs Organization (JCO) as well as in the Jordanian public sector within its socio-economic contexts, as influenced by NPM ideas and institutional pressures. It focuses on the regulative way in which new budgeting systems together with the managing-for-results approach were implemented throughout three levels of institutional analysis: political and economic level, organizational field level and organizational level. It also highlights the interaction process between these three levels from one side, and between management accounting and organizational change from another side. Design/methodology/approach: The study presents the results of an interpretive case-study (JCO) in the public sector. It adopts six steps of qualitative research design and uses triangulation of data collection methods including interviews, observations, and documents and archival records. It is also inspired by a contextual framework (Pettigrew 1987), since it has a holistic view that comprises different perspectives. Particularly, it draws on theoretical integration by synthesizing three recent approaches, respectively: Dillard et al’s (2004) framework inspired NIS for external processes and pressures; Burns and Scapens' (2000) framework inspired OIE for internal processes of change; and Hardy's (1996) framework inspired power and politics mobilization. Key Findings: The study recognizes that management accounting change was carried out in the 'from-top-to-bottom' level of institutional analysis, which confirms the 'path-dependent' and evolutionary nature of the change. It confirms the evidence that other factors, beyond economic factors, may also play an influential role in the implementation of management accounting change. It also concludes that there was a radical change of management accounting systems in the JCO case-study, which was not only a decorative innovation in management accounting but was also represented in the working practices. The study also confirms that management accounting is not a static phenomenon but one that changes over time to reflect new systems and practices. Management accounting change is a part of organizational change; hence management accounting rules and routines are part and parcel of organizational rules and routines. Research implications: The study has important implications for the ways in which change dynamics can emerge, diffuse and be implemented at three levels of institutional analysis. It provides a new contextual framework to study these dynamics based on an intensive and holistic view of an interpretive case-study in accordance with qualitative research-based 'Convincingness Criteria'. It also explains the interaction between the 'external' origins and 'internal' accounts, which identified that management accounting is both shaped by, and shaping, wider socio-economic and political processes. This broad sensitivity to the nature of management accounting has important implications for the ways of studying management accounting change. For example, changes in the political and economic level, particularly with respect to the introduction of the National Agenda, have resulted in changes in structures and systems at the organizational level, particularly regarding budgeting systems. Originality/value: The study contributes to both MA literature and institutional theory by providing further understanding and 'thick explanation' of the dynamics of management accounting change in the Jordanian public sector: i.e. explaining the implications of the contextual framework for studying management accounting change; overcoming some of the limitations of NIS and OIE; and clarifying the necessity for bridge-building between the institutional theories to expand their level of analysis.
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Besson, Marc. "Importance of metamorphosis in coral-reef fish larval recruitment facing anthropogenic pressures." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP024/document.
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Le maintien et le renouvellement des populations de poissons coralliens dépendent en grande partie du recrutement larvaire, c’est-à-dire de l’installation des larves pélagiques dans les habitats récifaux adultes, et de leur survie après s’être métamorphosées en juvéniles. De plus en plus d’études révèlent que les changements de composition de l’eau, causés par le changement climatique et la pollution, peuvent altérer les capacités sensorielles des poissons coralliens, diminuant leurs aptitudes à localiser des habitats propices (maximisant leur croissance et diminuant leur mortalité) lors de l’installation. Cependant, les mécanismes internes à l’origine de ces phénomènes sont méconnus. Lors de cette thèse, j’ai examiné le recrutement larvaire du poisson chirurgien bagnard Acanthurus triostegus et mis en évidence que les changements écologiques, morphologiques, physiologiques et comportementaux qui s’y déroulent correspondent à une métamorphose contrôlée par les hormones thyroïdiennes (HT). J’ai ensuite analysé comment des stress d’origine anthropique, tels que l’élévation des températures de surface et la pollution par un pesticide d’origine agricole, peuvent perturber sa métamorphose. Lors de cette étape clé de leur cycle de vie, ces perturbations diminuent les taux d’HT, altérant la maturation de leurs organes sensoriels, leurs capacités sensorielles, et augmentant leur mortalité. Cette thèse est donc une analyse holistique de l’impact des perturbations anthropiques sur les processus moléculaires, et les changements histologiques, anatomiques et comportementaux du recrutement larvaire des poissons coralliens. Elle souligne l’importance du système thyroïdien, et invite à une meilleure compréhension des processus endocriniens du recrutement larvaire, dans l’optique d’une amélioration de la conservation des récifs coralliensThe persistence and sustainability of coral-reef fish populations depends on the continued larval recruitment, i.e. successful settlement by pelagic larvae into adult reef habitats and post-settlement survival through metamorphosis to a juvenile stage. There is growing evidence that changes to water conditions due to global change and waterborne pollution can impair coral-reef fish sensory abilities to locate settlement habitats that maximize growth while minimizing mortality risk. However, the inner mechanisms of such impairments remain unknown. In this thesis, I have examined the recruitment phase of the convict surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus, and determined that the ecological, morphological, physiological and behavioral changes occurring at recruitment correspond to a metamorphosis mediated by thyroid hormones (TH). Then, I investigated whether this metamorphosis is prone to endocrine disruption under anthropogenic disturbances such as elevated sea water temperature and agricultural pesticide pollution. I demonstrated that such pressures can reduce TH levels at a critical developmental stage in coral-reef fishes, impairing their metamorphic processes such as intestine remodeling, sensory organ maturation, and sensory abilities acquisition, further increasing their mortality rates. Overall, this thesis is a holistic analysis that addresses molecular, histological, anatomical, and behavioral assays of multiple stressors affecting coral-reef fish recruitment. It indicates the importance of a proper endocrine function during coral-reef fish recruitment, highlighting the need for a better understanding of these processes for coral-reef conservation
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Väisänen, M. (Maria). "Ecosystem-level consequences of climate warming in tundra under differing grazing pressures by reindeer." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207001.
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Abstract Grazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) affects vegetation and soil microbial processes in tundra ecosystems. It is considered that grazing can induce two alternative vegetation states that differ in plant species composition and the rate of nutrient cycling. I hypothesised that these alternative vegetation states differ in ecosystem responses to climate warming. I tested the hypothesis using a factorial warming and fertilisation experiment on long-term lightly grazed (LG) and heavily grazed (HG) tundra. The reindeer grazing induced vegetation shift from dwarf shrubs to graminoids increased microbial activities for SOM decomposition. The grazer-induced shifts in vegetation and microbial activities in combination with the fertilisation via urine and faeces had important consequences on soil N availability and soil C quality that determined the ecosystem-level consequences of climate warming. Due to higher soil N availability, warming increased plant productivity (GEP) on HG but not on LG tundra, where N limitation prevented the warming-increased plant production. The varying effects of warming on GEP at different grazing intensities determined the effects of warming on ecosystem net C sink, which was unaffected by warming on HG but decreased on LG tundra. Reindeer grazing reduced the soil C quality, as soils under LG stored a higher proportion of carbohydrates vulnerable to microbial decomposition than soils under HG. According to laboratory soil incubations, the grazer-induced reduction in soil C quality mitigated the responses of soil microbial activity to prolonged warming. Warming caused a stronger decrease in concentrations of phenolics, an important means of plant defence against biotic and abiotic stresses, in Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum under HG than LG. Grazing history by reindeer, with the associated vegetation shift from dwarf shrubs to graminoids, can significantly alter the ecosystem-level consequences of climate warming. Overall, this thesis highlights that the effects of reindeer grazing on soil properties, soil N availability and C quality, are important determinants of the ecosystem responses to climate warming. Therefore, future research on climate warming should take into account herbivores and aim towards a more holistic approach that includes both aboveground and belowground components of the ecosystemTiivistelmä Tundralla porolaidunnus vaikuttaa kasvillisuuteen ja maaperän mikrobien toimintaan. Porolaidunnus voi aikaansaada kaksi vaihtoehtoista kasvillisuuden tilaa, jotka eroavat toisistaan paitsi kasvilajiston myös ravinnekierron suhteen. Esitin hypoteesin, jonka mukaan ilmaston lämpenemisen vaikutukset eroavat tundratyypeillä, jotka edustavat vaihtoehtoisia kasvillisuustiloja. Testasin hypoteesia faktoriaalisen lämmitys- ja lannoituskokeen avulla tundra-alueilla, joilla poron laidunnuspaine on ollut pitkäaikaisesti joko kevyttä tai voimakasta. Poron aiheuttama kasvillisuusmuutos varpuvaltaisesta heinävaltaiseksi lisäsi maaperän mikrobien hajotusaktiivisuutta. Poron aiheuttamat erot kasvillisuudessa ja mikrobiaktiivisuuksissa yhdessä virtsan ja papanoiden lannoittavan vaikutuksen kanssa muuttivat maaperän typen saatavuutta sekä hiilen laatua. Erot maaperän ominaisuuksissa puolestaan ohjasivat ilmaston lämpenemisen ekosysteemitason vaikutuksia. Lämmitys kasvatti ekosysteemituotantoa ravinteikkaalla voimakkaasti laidunnetulla tundralla mutta ei kevyesti laidunnetulla tundralla, joka oli typpirajoitteinen. Lämmityksen erilaiset vaikutukset ekosysteemituotantoon eri laidunpaineissa määrittivät lämmityksen vaikutuksen ekosysteemin hiilinieluun, joka pysyi muuttumattomana voimakkaasti laidunnetulla tundralla mutta pieneni kevyesti laidunnetulla tundralla. Porolaidunnus alensi maaperän hiilen laatua, ja kevyesti laidunnetulla tundralla maaperässä oli enemmän mikrobien hajotukselle alttiita hiilihydraatteja kuin voimakkaasti laidunnetulla tundralla. Laboratoriossa suoritetun inkubaatiokokeen perusteella maaperän hiilen alhaisempi laatu lievensi mikrobien hajotusaktiivisuuden vastetta pitkäaikaiseen lämmitykseen. Lämmitys vähensi pohjanvariksenmarjan fenoliyhdisteiden, jotka ovat tärkeä osa kasvien puolustusta bioottisia ja abioottisia stressitekijöitä vastaan, pitoisuuksia enemmän voimakkaasti kuin kevyesti laidunnetulla tundralla. Poron laidunnushistoria yhdessä kasvillisuusmuutoksen kanssa voi merkittävästi vaikuttaa ilmaston lämpenemisen ekosysteemitason seurauksiin. Tämän väitöstyön tulokset osoittavat, että poron vaikutukset maaperän typpeen ja hiileen määrittävät lämpenemisen vaikutukset ekosysteemissä. Tulevaisuudessa ilmastonmuutostutkimuksen pitäisikin kokonaisvaltaisemmin huomioida sekä herbivorian että ekosysteemin eri osien merkitys
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Greenwell, David Morgan. "A study of readiness to change, self efficacy and treatment entry pressures in people undertaking methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688295.
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Li, Yushuo, and Yavuz Alexander. "The process of strategy change in a state-owned Enterprise operating under crisis : A case study on China Eastern Airlines during Covid-19 pandemic." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52648.
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Background: Understanding the process of strategy change offers a unique insight into the functioning of an enterprise. While well-researched in the context of Western private firms, this process has attracted relatively little attention in state-owned Chinese enterprises. A research on this topic is particularly pertinent today, when many Chinese state-owned enterprises have attracted attention of international investors and the Covid-19 pandemic situation has created unprecedented challenges for daily operations of enterprises. Purpose: In order to understand the process strategy change, this research has focused on the elements of the strategy change process and the role of institutional pressures in it on an example of China Eastern airline: a state-owned listed enterprise in China. Method: This is a qualitative case study based on 7 semi-structured interviews with the employees of China Eastern Airlines. A thematic analysis is used for analyzation of the primary data. Findings/Conclusion: This research has confirmed the presence of concurrent processes of planned and emergent strategy change processes and the impactful role of normative and coercive pressures in the processes of change. Several deviations from the previous theories of strategy change were detected and attributed to the differences in national and organizational culture. The findings of this research confirm the general similarity of the process of strategy change during and outside crisis and highlight the potential cultural differences in strategy change in Western and Chinese firm.
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Perry, Kanawha. "Policing in the era of increased awareness of wrongful convictions police officers' reflections on institutional change, public pressures and the nature of modern policing /." Greensboro, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. http://libres.uncg.edu/edocs/etd/1484Perry/umi-uncg-1484.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 3, 2008). Directed by Saundra D. Westervelt; submitted to the Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-89).
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Rayl, Johanna M. "Water Markets and Climate Change Adaptation: Assessing the Water Trading Experiences of Chile, Australia, and the U.S. with Respect to Climate Pressures on Water Resources." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/150.
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Water trading and water markets have been listed by leading climate change organizations as a possible tool for climate change adaptation. Experience with water trading exists in many places in the world, and three of the most well-known and widely-studied markets for water rights are found in the Western United States, Chile, and Australia's Murray-Darling Basin. While the body of literature on the performance of these markets is extensive, few papers relate the experiences of these three countries to adaptation as of yet. This thesis seeks to report on the outcomes of water markets in three cases with special attention to the following adaptation questions: Can water markets be a tool to address increasing variability in water supply; and what are the necessary environmental, political, and historic conditions for a market to be successful in allocating water resources under situations of scarcity? The experiences of these three cases yield the following conclusions about the use of water markets in climate change adaptation: the degree of existing infrastructure for water storage and transportation must be considered in the implementation of markets; water markets must be continually revised to internalize local third party effects; transaction costs must be minimized if markets are to serve increased short-term variability in water supply; sustainable outcomes are most readily met when markets approximate “cap-and-trade” programs; and the involvement of local institutions in market design will support market activity and the achievement of localized adaptation goals.
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Tucker, Simon. "A school in mind : an investigation of the stresses, pressures and challenges faced by Primary School Head Teachers in a context of organizational change in schools." Thesis, University of East London, 2013. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3496/.
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This thesis is based on a research study conducted into the experiences of head teachers in their role of leaders in primary schools. Using biographical interviews, the study examines how participants have negotiated periods of change and challenge in their professional role. I will also consider how personal and professional biographies converge in participants’ understanding of role, leadership, organizational change and stress, and how wider organizational, political and social forces impacted upon those in role. The thesis will then go on to explore and attempt to extend some of the thinking related to the concept of the organization‐in‐the‐mind (Armstrong, 2005), which appeared, through the narratives of each participant to have considerable relevance to their understanding of professional role and indeed perhaps more significantly their performance in role.
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Ogden, Sam. "High-Pressure Microfluidics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrosystemteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208915.
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In this thesis, some fundamentals and possible applications of high-pressure microfluidics have been explored. Furthermore, handling fluids at high pressures has been addressed, specifically by creating and characterizing strong microvalves and pumps. A variety of microstructuring techniques was used to realize these microfluidic devices, e.g., etching, lithography, and bonding. To be able to handle high pressures, the valves and pumps need to be strong. This necessitates a strong actuator material. In this thesis, the material of choice is paraffin wax. A new way of latching paraffin-actuated microvalves into either closed or open position has been developed, using the low thermal conductivity of paraffin to create large thermal gradients within a microactuator. This allows for long open and closed times without power consumption. In addition, three types of paraffin-actuated pumps are presented: A peristaltic high-pressure pump with integrated temperature control, a microdispensing pump with high repeatability, and a pump system with two pumps working with an offset to reduce flow irregularities. Furthermore, the fundamental behavior of paraffin as a microactuator material has been explored by finite element modeling. One possibility that arises with high-pressure microfluidics, is the utilization of supercritical fluids for different applications. The unique combination of material properties found in supercritical fluids yields them interesting applications in, e.g., extraction and cleaning. In an attempt to understand the microfluidic behavior of supercritical carbon dioxide, the two-phase flow, with liquid water as the second phase, in a microchannel has been studied and mapped with respect to both flow regime and droplet behavior at a bi-furcating outlet.
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Mateo, Santos Maria. "Réponses adaptatives des anguilles tempérées à l’hétérogénéité environnementale : mécanismes évolutifs, menaces liées au changement global et conséquences pour la conservation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0713/document.
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Le déclin mondial des anguilles tempérées est lié aux effets synergiques de multiples pressions anthropiques. Cependant, la complexité du cycle de vie des anguilles et leurs incroyables capacités d’adaptation font qu’il est très difficile de connaître le poids relatif de chacune des pressions. Les anguilles tempérées sont trois espèces catadromes qui ont de très grandes aires de répartition pendant leurs phases de croissance continentales. Leurs panmixies et les longues dérives larvaires passives sont des freins aux adaptations locales, cependant on observe des patrons spatiaux de traits d’histoire de vie corrélés aux gradients environnementaux, à l’échelle du bassin versant et de son aire de répartition. Ce doctorat vise à (i) démontrer si ces patrons spatiaux d’histoire de vie sont le résultat de deux réponses adaptatives : le polymorphisme génétique et la plasticité phénotypique adaptative, et (ii) à réévaluer l’effet des différentes composantes du changement global en prenant en compte ces réponses adaptatives. Dans ce cadre, GenEve el, un modèle d’optimisation individu-centré a été développé. Ce modèle postule que la sélection de l’habitat dépendant du génotype et la plasticité phénotypique sont deux mécanismes permettant de faire face à l’hétérogénéité environnementale. Avec de telles hypothèses, le modèle permet de reproduire les patrons spatiaux observés concernant la longueur à l’argenture, le sexe-ratio et la distribution des écotypes. Par la suite, différents types des pressions anthropiques - les pêcheries de civelles et d’anguilles argentées, les obstacles à la migration de montaison et les mortalités dues aux turbines hydroélectriques - ont été intégrés dans le modèle.L’objectif a été d’évaluer leurs impacts sur l’échappement, à la fois en nombre, mais aussi sur différents attributs comme le sexe-ratio, la répartition entre génotypes, la longueur à l’argenture moyenne, et la production globale d’oeufs. Les résultats montrent que la pression qui induit la plus forte mortalité directe n’a pas forcément la plus forte influence sur la biomasse féconde et n’exerce pas nécessairement la pression sélective la plus forte sur les écotypes. Le modèle met aussi en évidence que la plasticité phénotypique peut être source de résilience pour la population et qu’elle atténue l’effet de certaines pressions, mais pas de toutes. Cela suggère également que la gestion ne doit pas seulement se concentrer sur les nombres de survivants et les mortalités directes, mais aussi sur la protection de la diversité au sein des populations. Finalement, un modèle démo-génétique est décrit pour résumer notre compréhension des populations d’anguilles. Un tel modèle pourra être utilisé à l’avenir pour explorer les conditions écologiques dans lesquelles le polymorphisme génétique et la plasticité phénotypique ont été sélectionnés à travers des générations et fournir de nouvelles recommandations pour la conservation des espèces d’anguilles en voie d’extinctionThe worldwide decline of temperate eels is due to a synergistic combination of several anthropogenic pressures. However, eels display very specific life-cycles and amazing adaptation capacities that impair our ability to assess the relative effects of each pressure. Temperate eels are three catadromous species with large spatially distribution area during their continental growth stage. Their panmixia and the passive larval drifts impair the possibility of local adaptation; however life history spatial patterns are correlated with environmental gradients at both river catchment and distribution area scales. ThisPhD aims (i) to explore whether these life history spatial patterns may result from two adaptive responses: genetic polymorphism and adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and (ii) to revisit the effect of different components of global change in consideration to these adaptive responses. In this context,GenEveel, an individual-based optimization model was developed. The model postulates that genetic dependent habitat selection and phenotypic plasticity are mechanisms to address environmental heterogeneity. With such assumptions, the model was able to mimic observed spatial patterns in length-at-silvering, sex ratio and distribution of ecotypes. Moreover, different types of anthropogenic pressures (glass eel fishery, silver eel fishery, obstacles to upstream migration, and mortality due to hydropower facilities) were integrated in the model. Then, the model was used to assess their impacts on the number of escapees and their attributes: sex ratio, repartition between genotypes, mean lengthat-silvering, and overall egg production. The results showed that the pressure that induces the highest direct mortality has not necessarily the greatest influence on the spawning biomass and does not necessarily exert the strongest selective pressure on the ecotypes. This demonstrates that phenotypic plasticity can be a source of resilience for the population and mitigates the effect of some but not all the pressures. It also suggests that management should not only focus on numbers and direct mortalitybut on the preservation of diversity within populations. Finally, a demo-genetic model is described summarizing our understanding of eel populations. Such model can be used in the future to explore the ecological conditions in which genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity have been selected through generations and provide new insights for the conservation of endangered eel species
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McKee, Gary John. "Pressure change in the pharynx during swallowing in normal subjects." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337045.
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Chalfi, Toufik Yacine. "Pressure loss associated with flow area change in micro-channels." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24725.
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Amm, Joachim. "Adaptiveness of political interest organizations to social change in the United States since 1960 : a theoretical examination /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063742/.
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Holmes, Gary John. "Early age volume change and pore pressure development in cement pastes." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243815.
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Yonekura, Akira. "Corporate governance in Japan and pressure to change : a critical analysis." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/06652496-0b3b-470e-b13c-5c6bf1e0a473.
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This study focuses on corporate governance in Japan during the period from 1989 to 2007 when Japan had come under global pressure to change its culturally specific corporate governance system and converge with the Anglo-American corporate governance system. From a critical theoretical perspective the study explores how the U.S. administration, pursuing a neo-liberal agenda, put pressure on the Japanese government to change the laws relating to corporate governance. The study shows how the Japanese government, in recognition of trade dependencies and in pursuance of its on neoliberal agenda, reacted to the demands of the U.S. administration. The study also provides insights into how the Japan Corporate Governance Forum in an attempt at self-regulation aimed to establish a set of Corporate Governance Principles that would constitute good practice for Japanese companies. The empirical analysis indicates that despite the pressure from the U.S. and the economic crisis that Japan experienced during the period from 1989 to 2007 capture was not complete. Japanese companies are now allowed by law to follow either the Japanese or Anglo-American corporate governance model, but as they have a choice, the majority of Japanese companies still follow the Japanese model of corporate governance. Similarly, the Japan Corporate Governance Forum had to revise its Corporate Governance Principles, which had advocated the Anglo-American model and to include the Japanese model into their set of principles to reflect contextual developments.The analysis also indicates that in the context of pressure to converge with the Anglo-American corporate governance model the Japanese way of life came under threat because of the different values underpinning the Anglo-American corporate governance model. As a consequence of changing employment practices, emanating from a change in the governance system, more uncertainty was introduced that negatively impacted upon the people living in Japan. The study concludes that any attempt to change the Japanese corporate governance system should adopt a holistic perspective and be concerned to enhance well-being. In this context it is important to also consider the impact that possible changes to the Japanese corporate governance system might have on well-being globally.
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Roche, Julien. "High-pressure effects on proteins and the volume change upon unfolding." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20262/document.
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Afin de lever le mystère centenaire qui entoure l'origine du changement de volume associé au dépliement des protéines globulaires, nous avons constitué une collection de 10 mutants du variant hyperstable de la SNase, ∆+PHS. Chacune de ces mutations a été conçue pour créer une nouvelle cavité ou agrandir une cavité existante au sein de la protéine. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé comment l'environnement structural local conditionne l'adaptation à la mutation. Les expériences de fluorescence sous haute pression ont montré un accroissement systématique de la différence de volume entre les états replié et déplié pour les 10 variants par rapport à ∆+PHS. Ce résultat majeur, qui s'ajoute à une étude récente démontrant que les effets d'hydratation ne contribuent pas de manière significative au changement de volume, démontre sans ambiguïté que la différence de volume entre les états replié et déplié est principalement due à la présence de cavités internes dans la structure native des protéines. Les mesures par RMN des changements de volume ont permis d'établir une cartographie des effets de la pression à l'échelle du résidu et d'identifier les intermédiaires de repliement peuplant le paysage énergétique. En analysant les cinétiques de dépliement, nous avons finalement pu caractériser les conséquences de ces mutations sur les états de transitions de la SNaseTo solve the century-old question of the origin of the volume change upon unfolding for globular proteins, we built up a collection of 10 mutants of the hyperstable variant of SNase, ∆+PHS. Each of these mutations was designed to create a cavity or to enlarge a naturally occurring cavity in the protein core. We first analyzed how the local structural environment determines the adaptation to the mutation. The high-pressure fluorescence experiments showed a systematic increase of the volume difference between the folded and unfolded states for the 10 variants, compared to ∆+PHS. This major result, in addition to a recent study demonstrating that the hydration effects do not provide any significant contribution to the volume changes, clearly demonstrates that the volume difference between the folded and unfolded states is predominantly due to the presence of internal cavities in the native structure. NMR measurements of the volume change allowed a mapping of the pressure effects on a residue scale and the identification of the folding intermediates populating the free-energy landscape. By analyzing the unfolding kinetics, we finally characterized the consequences of these mutations on the transition state ensembles of SNase
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Kjellbotn, Britha. "The combined effect of physical exercise and weight change on change in blood pressure: The HUNT study, Norway." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bevegelsesvitenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11343.
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Background: Both weight change and physical activity have been shown to be individual factors that affect blood pressure, but the combined effect of physical activity and weight change is still debated. Objectives: To investigate the effects of physical activity and weight change on long term changes in both systolic-and diastolic blood pressure. Design: A population- based longitudinal study, using baseline data from 1984-1986 and follow-up information in 1995-1997. Setting: The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Subjects: We included 39 312 Norwegian subjects (18 727 men and 20 585 women) who were 20 year or older in the first survey, who were without blood pressure medication, diabetes, cardiovascular disease or movement dysfunction, and who had sufficient data on weight, height, physical activity, blood pressure or any other variable required in this analysis. Measurements: Height, weight and blood pressure were measured using standardized procedures at both surveys. We classified weight change into the following categories; ≤-5.0, -4.9 to -2.1, ±2.0 (stable), 2.1-4.9, 5.0-9.9, 10.0-14.9, 15.0-19.9, and ≥20.0 kg. Physical activity was measured as frequency, intensity, and duration, and we also constructed a summary score by combining information on the three factors. Based on the summary score, we constructed a variable with five categories that reflects the total exercise volume: No activity, <1 exercise per week, low score, medium score, and high score. Results: An increase in weight and a decrease in weight were significantly associated with increased and decrease in both systolic- and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes. Men with the highest decrease in weight, had a systolic blood pressure change that were 6.83 mmHg (95% CI, -8.01 to -5.66) lower than the reference group with stable weight, whereas men with the highest weight gain had a change that was 6.12 mmHg (95% CI, 4.09 to 8.15) higher. The corresponding data for women were 6.39 mmHg (95% CI,-7.53 to -5.26) lower, and 8.34 mmHg (95% CI, 6.79 to 9.90) higher than the reference group. No significant association between physical exercise and blood pressure was found. In the combined analysis weight change was the most pronounced factor, with little or no contribution from physical exercise. Conclusion: Our results support the independent effect of weight change on change in systolic-and diastolic blood pressure. Weight change was the strongest predictor for change in blood pressure in the combined analyses, whereas little or no association between physical exercise and blood pressure were found.
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Allsop, Jonathan Ellis. "Psychomotor mechanisms underpinning performance changes in high-pressure situations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6784/.
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Pressurised situations have the potential to influence the performance of visual-motor tasks. The aim of this thesis was to investigate psychomotor mechanisms that may be responsible for such performance changes. A series of experimental studies were conducted in order to examine kinematic (Chapter 2) and attentional (Chapters 3 - 5) mechanisms. Performance pressure was successfully manipulated in all studies but performance was consistently maintained at a group-level. In the first experiment, individual differences in performance responses to pressure were found to correlate with kinematic changes, with decreases in movement amplitudes correlating with poorer performances. In the second experiment, pressure led to attentional narrowing as indicated by impaired performance of a useful field of view task. Pressure-induced changes in useful field of view correlated with performance changes. The third and fourth experiments demonstrated that pressure-induced changes in cognitive anxiety positively correlated with changes in the randomness of gaze behavior, which suggested that pressure has the potential to impact attentional control.
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Wiggan, Clive. "Long-term pore water pressure changes around subsurface structures." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/362643/.
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Geotechnical engineering guidelines mandate the use of the most onerous hydraulic criteria for the design of earth retaining structures below the water table. Consequently, favourable local conditions, including the geometry of the structure, are not usually exploited. This means that retaining walls in particular are typically designed to resist hydrostatic pressures below the water table. Investigations have shown however that pore water pressures, axial stresses and bending moments reduce when groundwater seepage is allowed through the segmented linings of shallow tunnels. Contiguous pile retaining walls, by their nature, are also permeable. Allowing for groundwater seepage through the gaps in a retaining wall formed from contiguous piles could result in the pore water pressures on the active side of the wall being less than behind conventional impermeable retaining walls such as diaphragm walls. Numerical simulations, laboratory flow tank experiments and long-term field monitoring were conducted to determine the impact of pile gaps on the hydraulic conditions around contiguous piles. A relationship between the resulting bulk permeability of the equivalent structure and the pile gap was derived from 2D numerical analyses and verified by flow tank experiments. This expression can be used to calculate bulk permeability values for uniform retaining walls representing circular piles in 2D numerical simulations. The permeability relationship was used to calculate and assign equivalent bulk permeability values for a continuous retaining wall of uniform cross-section during the back analysis of the hydraulic conditions around the contiguous pile retaining wall at CTRL, Ashford. Pore water pressures and horizontal total stresses from the back analyses were consistent with those from the field measurements but were much lower than behind retaining walls formed from secant piles in similar conditions. Dimensionless charts were presented to estimate the groundwater level and the increased settlement observed behind contiguous pile retaining walls. The results demonstrated that the economic advantages of allowing through-wall seepage are greater than the perceived disadvantages.
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Robinson, Thompson Gordon. "The blood pressure and baroreceptor changes following acute stroke." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29359.
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This thesis examines aspects of blood pressure (BP) and its control in clinical studies during the acute and subacute phases of stroke.;Casual and 24-hour BP levels fall spontaneously during the first week following acute stroke. Higher 24-hour systolic BP (SBP) levels within the first 24 hours of ictus are associated with an increased likelihood of poor short-term outcome, whether assessed by death, dependency in activities of daily living or neurological outcome.;Following acute stroke, not only are BP levels raised, but there is an increase in short-term SBP variability. This may reflect an impairment in cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity, as assessed by time and frequency domain analysis techniques. There is no evidence of increased sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) in acute stroke patients compared to control subjects as reflected by the ratio of low-to-high frequency pulse interval variability (a surrogate market of SNSA), though this ratio was altered in favour of sympathetic predominance in right compared to left hemisphere strokes. Changes in autonomic control of BP variability are seen in the high frequency region following acute stroke, probably reflecting the mechanical effects of respiration.;However, an impairment in baroreceptor-mediated vasomotor control also appears to be present in the acute stroke period, as demonstrated by impaired forearm vascular resistance (FVR), responses to hypotensive lower body negative pressure. Furthermore, BP falls significantly in response to orthostatic, but not postprandial, stress in stroke patients, with no significant change in FVR.;Acute stroke is associated with increased BP levels which convey an adverse prognosis. This and the increased short-term BP variability after acute stroke may be related to changes in both cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity and control of vasomotor tone in the post-ictal period.
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DePauli, Arianne. "Small Scale Vapor Pressure Deficit Changes Influence on Transpiration." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613834.
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Goergens, Chad A. "20th Century Antarctic Pressure Variability and Trends Using a Seasonal Spatial Pressure Reconstruction." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1491474158428459.
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Clark, Logan Nicholas. "A New Monthly Pressure Dataset Poleward of 60°S since 1957." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1524761975172787.
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Sjømæling, Jonas. "The relation between change in blood pressure and death from cardiovascular disease." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bevegelsesvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13166.
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Background: It is well established that high blood pressure (BP) increase the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, most studies have focused on baseline BP, and relatively few have examined the effects of a change in BP over a period of time. Design: Population-based prospective cohort study with 11 years of follow-up. Methods: The study was carried out using data from the population-based Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT) linked with the Cause of Death Registry at Statistics Norway. BP measurements from HUNT 1 (1984-96) and HUNT 2 (1995-97) were used to calculate individual change in BP between the surveys. A total of 25,187 women and 22,099 men were followed up on cause of death from baseline in HUNT 2. We used Cox regression to analyze the effect of both relative and absolute changes in BP, separately for men and women, and also stratified by physical activity level. Results: During follow-up, 2,084 men and 1,854 women had died from CVD. An absolute increase in Systolic BP of ≥40 mmHg was associated with an increase in risk ratio (RR) of 1.1 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.3 and 0.9-1.4) in both men and women, compared to having a stable BP (-4 to +4 mmHg). On the other hand, a decrease in Systolic BP of ≥20 mmHg was associated with an increase in RR of 1.8 (CI 1.5-2.2) and 1.9 (CI 1.5-2.2) for men and women respectively, compared to being stable. For diastolic BP, the largest increase (≥40 mmHg) was associated with a RR of 1.3 (CI 1.1-1.6 and 1.0-1.5) in both men and women compared to a stable BP. Relative changes in BP showed a similar pattern; the strongest effect was observed among people who reduced their BP between the surveys. However, having a high systolic BP (≥140 mmHg) at both surveys resulted in a RR of 1.4 (CI 1.2-1.7) in men and 2.0 in women (CI 1.6-2.5). There were no large differences in the estimated associations when comparing physically active to inactive, although active people who increased their systolic BP with ≥40 mmHg had a RR of 1.5 (CI 1.0-2.4), whereas this was not evident among the inactive. Conclusion: Overall, a reduced BP was associated with the highest of death, but the risk was also increased among people with the largest increase in BP, and among those who had a stable high blood pressure. There were marginal differences in the association between BP and risk of death being active and inactive persons.
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Clark, Logan N. "Southern Hemisphere Pressure Relationships during the 20th Century - Implications for Climate Reconstructions and Model Evaluation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1586778291377432.
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Barsi, Stephen. "Ventless Pressure Control of Cryogenic Storage Tanks." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1283125342.
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Musgrove, Nicholas James. "Land use and vegetation change on the Long Mynd." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/84479.
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The plant communities of the Long Mynd plateau are the culmination of over 3000 years of human intervention that largely deforested the uplands, and subsequently maintained the generally treeless heath and grassland communities now extant. The capacity of these communities to respond to directional change is well known, indeed the traditional mode of heathland management, burning, depends on the regenerative capacity of the target species, generally heather (Calluna vulgaris), for its success. However, changes in post WW2 stocking practice; the loss of ponies followed by an increase in the numbers of sheep and a change to them being overwintered on the hill, led to excessive grazing and damage to the heath. This coincided with the spread over the hill by bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and other changes in the distribution and nature of the vegetation. A sequence of vegetation surveys made by various individuals and organisations over the past 75 years or so has been analysed in an attempt to delineate spatial and temporal changes in the vegetation. This demonstrated the need for a standardised survey methodology to allow consistent monitoring. The analysis showed that bracken had been infiltrating most of the communities from its origins outside the lower limits of the Common as well as from some of the valley sides. Within the last decade, this expansion has apparently been contained in line with the current management plan for control. A survey of 730 quadrats in some 30 stands was made to characterise the variation of the vegetation on the plateau, and to relate it to some of the associated environmental factors. Classification, unconstrained ordination and ordination constrained by the abiotic environmental variables, showed that, a) the strongest trend in the vegetation distinguished water-flushed communities, b) non-wetland communities differentiate between heathland and grassland, c) this trend can be only partly be attributed to the measured abiotic environmental variables, d) the amount of pure Pteridietum [U20] is limited, although much of the heathland and grassland has bracken within it. There are indications that invasion by bracken often correlates with a loss of dominance of Calluna in favour of Deschampsia flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus. Difficulties in associating these trends with measured abiotic variables suggests, other factors probably management processes, are critical in driving this trend. Distribution of ‘heathland’ bryophytes was found to be associated more with the structure of their ‘host’ vascular communities rather than with abiotic factors. Finally, this investigation considers the practical implications with regard to the future encouragement of heather and the control of bracken. Cutting rather than burning appears to be the ecologically most suitable method for heather regeneration and bracken control.
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Nilsson, Emelie. "Changes in the intraocular pressure value, when wearing orthokeratology lenses." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2280.
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Introduction: Quite new on the Swedish market are orthokeratology lenses, used for both correction and myopia control. At the moment there are 22 practitioners in Sweden fitting orthokeratology lenses and 5 of those stands for 75 % of all fittings. Measuring the intraocular pressure in the eye is an important part of an eye- examination, because high intraocular pressure can result in glaucomatous changes. When using the orthokeratology lenses the corneal thickness changes, it decreases in the central epithelium and increases in the midperipheral stroma. The corneal thickness is affecting the intraocular pressure value.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate how the intraocular pressure, measured with a non-contact tonometer, changes when using orthokeratology lenses.
Method: 7 people were fitted with orthokeratology lenses. The intraocular pressure was measured before using the lenses, after the first night, after the third night and after the seventh night. 12 eyes were measured after the tenth night, because of drop- out of two eyes.
Result: Already after the first night a significant decrease in the intraocular pressure occurred with 1, 34 mm Hg (p= 0,049). Day ten the intraocular pressure had an average decrease of 2, 67 ± 2, 14 mm Hg, which was a significant change (p= 0, 002 ).
Discussion: This study shows when wearing orthokeratology lenses a decrease in 2, 67 ± 2, 14 mm Hg at day 10 can be expected.
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Stonier, Clive. "Oestrogen-induced blood pressure changes in the rat : putative mechanisms." Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254955.
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Henker, Richard. "PNEUMATIC ARTIFICIAL HEART DRIVER PARAMETER EFFECTS ON THE RATE OF PRESSURE CHANGE ((+) DP/DT MAX)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276466.
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The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of three parameters of the artificial heart on the (+) dP/dt max. The study was conducted using a mock circulation which was connected to an artificial heart. The data were collected using the COMDU software developed for the computer which monitors the artificial heart. Stepwise regression analysis was utilized to test the three hypotheses. Two of the null hypotheses for the study could not be rejected, as the independent variable did not significantly affect (+) dP/dt max. Although the third hypothesis was accepted, the results were not clinically significant. Limitations in the study were multicollinearity among the independent variables, small sample size, and the inability of the mock circulation to represent human responses.
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Melanson, Paul M. "Damage and microstructural change in laboratory grown ice under high pressure zone conditions /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ34208.pdf.
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Hodgson, Neil. "Inversion for reservoir pressure change using overburden strain measurements determined from 4D seismic." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2320.
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When significant pore pressure changes occur because of production from a hydrocarbon reservoir the rocks both inside and outside of the reservoir deform. This deformation results in traveltime changes between reflection events on timelapse seismic data, because the distance between reflection events is altered and the seismic velocity changes with the strain. These traveltime differences are referred to as time-lapse time shifts. In this thesis, time-lapse time shifts observed in the overburden are used as an input to a linear inversion for reservoir pressure. Measurements from the overburden are used because, in general, time shift estimates are more stable, the strain deformations can be considered linear, and fluid effects are negligible, compared to the reservoirlevel signal. A critical examination of methods currently available to measure time-lapse time shifts is offered. It is found that available methods are most accurate when the time shifts are slowly varying with pressure and changes in the seismic reflectivity are negligible. While both of these conditions are generally met in the overburden they are rarely met at reservoir level. Next, a geomechanical model that linearly relates the overburden time-lapse time shifts to reservoir pressure is considered. This model takes a semi-analytical approach by numerical integration of a nucleus of strain in a homogeneous poroelastic halfspace. Although this model has the potentially limiting assumption of a homogenous medium, it allows for reservoirs of arbitrary geometries, and, in contrast to the complex numerical approaches, it is simple to parameterise and compututationally efficient. This model is used to create a linear inversion scheme which is first tested on synthetic data output from complex finite-element model. Despite the simplifications of the i inversion operator the pressure change is recovered to within ±10% normalised error of the true pressure distribution. Next, the inversion scheme is applied to two real data cases in different geological settings. First to a sector of the Valhall Field, a compacting chalk reservoir in the Norwegian Sea, and then the Genesis Field, a stacked turbidite in the Gulf of Mexico. In both cases the results give good qualitative matches to existing reservoir simulator estimates of compaction or pressure depletion. It is possible that updating of the simulation model may be assisted by these results. Further avenues of investigation are proposed to test the robustness of the simplified geomechanical approach in the presence of more complex geomechanical features such as faults and strong material contrasts.
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Wayllace, Alexandra Likos William J. "Volume change and swelling pressure of expansive clay in the crystalline swelling regime." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7110.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 2, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dr. William Likos, Thesis Supervisor. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dusselier, Hallie E. "Understanding 20th Century Antarctic Pressure Variability and Change in Multiple Climate Model Simulations." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1469189473.
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Belak, Connor Paul. "A Validation of Antarctic Pressure Reconstructions Using Historical Climate Data." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1555501885385141.
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Wehking, Jonathan. "PRESSURE LOSSES EXPERIENCED BY LIQUID FLOW THROUGH PDMS MICROCHANNELS WITH ABRUPT AREA CHANGES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4231.
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Given the surmounting disagreement amongst researchers in the area of liquid flow behavior at the microscale for the past thirty years, this work presents a fundamental approach to analyzing the pressure losses experienced by the laminar flow of water (Re = 7 to Re = 130) through both rectangular straight duct microchannels (of widths ranging from 50 to 130 micrometers), and microchannels with sudden expansions and contractions (with area ratios ranging from 0.4 to 1.0) all with a constant depth of 104 micrometers. The simplified Bernoulli equations for uniform, steady, incompressible, internal duct flow were used to compare flow through these microchannels to macroscale theory predictions for pressure drop. One major advantage of the channel design (and subsequent experimental set-up) was that pressure measurements could be taken locally, directly before and after the test section of interest, instead of globally which requires extensive corrections to the pressure measurements before an accurate result can be obtained. Bernoulli's equation adjusted for major head loses (using Darcy friction factors) and minor head losses (using appropriate K values) was found to predict the flow behavior within the calculated theoretical uncertainty (~12%) for all 150+ microchannels tested, except for sizes that pushed the aspect ratio limits of the manufacturing process capabilities (microchannels fabricated via soft lithography using PDMS). The analysis produced conclusive evidence that liquid flow through microchannels at these relative channel sizes and Reynolds numbers follow macroscale predictions without experiencing any of the reported anomalies expressed in other microfluidics research. This work also perfected the delicate technique required to pierce through the PDMS material and into the microchannel inlets, exit and pressure ports without damaging the microchannel. Finally, two verified explanations for why prior researchers have obtained poor agreement between macroscale theory predictions and tests at the microscale were due to the presence of bubbles in the microchannel test section (producing higher than expected pressure drops), and the occurrence of localized separation between the PDMS slabs and thus, the microchannel itself (producing lower than expected pressure drops).M.S.M.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering MSME
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Scharfenberger, Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Linking ecological theory with data : How empirical data and theory can inform each other to understand threshold-driven changes in lakes under global change pressure / Ulrike Scharfenberger." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121007627/34.
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Myers, Kimberly S. "Rat tendon morphological changes due to augmented soft tissue mobilization at various pressures." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041917.
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Augmented soft tissue mobilization therapy (ASTM) is a newly developed massage technique. ASTM is applied with the aid of specifically designed, solid instruments and has been successfully used in the treatment of chronic tendinitis patients. In a study on collage nase -injure d rat Achilles tendons treated with ASTM, Davidson et. al (1997) reported gait improvement as well as fibroblasts proliferation and suggested ASTM may augment healing by the recruitment of fibroblast. The present study examined the morphological response of enzyme-induced rat Achilles tendons to 3 different ASTM pressure application: 1 newton; 2 newtons and 3 newtons. Collagenase-injured tendons exhibited disrupted and randomly arranged collagen fibers. Treatment applications were performed for 4 days for a total of 4 treatments. Morphological differences were demonstrated between groups in proportion to the ASTM treatment pressure application. The ASTM group treated with 3 newtons demonstrated the greatest mean fibroblast count (370.3 +/- 51.6). Further, electron microscopy revealed the presence of activated fibroblasts in the tendons of the 3 newtons, ASTM group. However, immunochemical staining comparisons of Type I and III collagen, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and insulin-like growth factor between groups were not remarkable.Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Webb, S. W. "Temperature and pressure induced changes in gas phase rotational Raman spectra." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374938.
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Bastianini, Stefano <1983>. "Sleep-related changes in blood pressure in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic mice." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3488/.
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Objectives. Blood pressure (BP) physiologically has higher and lower values during the active and rest period, respectively. Subjects failing to show the appropriate BP decrease (10-20%) on passing form diurnal activity to nocturnal rest and sleep have increased risk of target organ damage at the cardiac, vascular and cerebrovascular levels.
Hypocretin (HCRT) releasing neurons, mainly located in the lateral hypothalamus, project widely to the central nervous system. Thus HCRT neurons are involved in several autonomic functions, including BP regulation. HCRT neurons also play a key role in wake-sleep cycle regulation, the lack of which becomes evident in HCRT-deficient narcoleptic patients.
I investigated whether chronic lack of HCRT signaling alters BP during sleep in mouse models of narcolepsy.
Methods. The main study was performed on HCRT-ataxin3 transgenic mice (TG) with selective post-natal ablation of HCRT neurons, HCRT gene knockout mice (KO) with preserved HCRT neurons, and Wild-Type control mice (WT) with identical genetic background. Experiments where replicated on TG and WT mice with hybrid genetic background (hTG and hWT, respectively).
Mice were implanted with a telemetric pressure transducer (TA11PA-C10, DSI) and electrodes for discriminating wakefulness (W), rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). Signals were recorded for 3 days. Mean BP values were computed in each wake-sleep state and analyzed by ANOVA and t-test with significance at p<0.05.
Results. The decrease in BP between either NREMS or REMS and W was significantly blunted in TG and KO with respect to WT as well as in hTG with respect to hWT.
Conclusions. Independently from the genetic background, chronic HCRT deficiency leads to a decreased BP difference between W and sleep potentially adverse in narcoleptic subjects. These data suggest that HCRT play an important role in the sleep-dependent cardiovascular control.