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1
Gao, Xin, Piotr Mackowiak, Biswajit Mukhopadhyay, Oswin Ehrmann, Klaus Dieter Lang, and Ha Duong Ngo. "Wireless Pressure Sensor System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.75.
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This system consists of a pressure silicon sensor, calibration module and wireless module. The pressure sensor used in this work is a piezoresistive silicon sensor that developed by Technical University Berlin. After calibration of the sensors output signals, the XBee-chip was used for wireless transmission. The three components with peripheral circuits and batteries were integrated in a 50mm × 50mm PCB. The system was then tested in a climate chamber at different temperatures and pressures. Programs for signal receiving and processing were developed in Matlab-environment. The experimental results show that this system works well for the short range (15m indoor).
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Lee, Kang-Ho, Yeong-Eun Kwon, Hyukjin Lee, Yongkoo Lee, Joonho Seo, Ohwon Kwon, Shin-Won Kang, and Dongkyu Lee. "Active Body Pressure Relief System with Time-of-Flight Optical Pressure Sensors for Pressure Ulcer Prevention." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183862.
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A body pressure relief system was newly developed with optical pressure sensors for pressure ulcer prevention. Unlike a conventional alternating pressure air mattress (APAM), this system automatically regulates air flow into a body supporting mattress with adaptive inflation (or deflation) duration in response to the pressure level in order to reduce skin stress due to prolonged high pressures. The system continuously quantifies the body pressure distribution using time-of-flight (ToF) optical sensors. The proposed pressure sensor, a ToF optical sensor in the air-filled cell, measures changes in surface height of mattress when pressed under body weight, thereby indirectly indicating the interface pressure. Non-contact measurement of optical sensor usually improves the durability and repeatability of the system. The pressure sensor was successfully identified the 4 different-predefined postures, and quantitatively measured the body pressure distribution of them. Duty cycle of switches in solenoid valves was adjusted to 0–50% for pressure relief, which shows that the interface pressure was lower than 32 mmHg for pressure ulcer prevention.
3
En, De, Chang Sheng Zhou, Huang He Wei, Na Na Wei, and Xiao Long Shi. "Research of MOEMS Pressure Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.524.
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In recent years, with the development of optical communication by leaps and bounds, promote the Micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) development. As a new technology, the MOEMS have been widely used in optical communication, optical switching, data storage, optical sensing and etc.. Compared with the traditional pressure sensors, the optical pressure sensor based on MOEMS has some unique advantages. In this paper, the structures, operation principles and fabrication processes of various MOEMS pressure sensors are described mainly. Finally, the structure and Key technology of a MOEMS pressure sensor array is presented in brief.
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Grossöhmichen, Martin, Rolf Salcher, Klaus Püschel, Thomas Lenarz, and Hannes Maier. "Differential Intracochlear Sound Pressure Measurements in Human Temporal Bones with an Off-the-Shelf Sensor." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6059479.
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The standard method to determine the output level of acoustic and mechanical stimulation to the inner ear is measurement of vibration response of the stapes in human cadaveric temporal bones (TBs) by laser Doppler vibrometry. However, this method is reliable only if the intact ossicular chain is stimulated. For other stimulation modes an alternative method is needed. The differential intracochlear sound pressure between scala vestibuli (SV) and scala tympani (ST) is assumed to correlate with excitation. Using a custom-made pressure sensor it has been successfully measured and used to determine the output level of acoustic and mechanical stimulation. To make this method generally accessible, an off-the-shelf pressure sensor (Samba Preclin 420 LP, Samba Sensors) was tested here for intracochlear sound pressure measurements. During acoustic stimulation, intracochlear sound pressures were simultaneously measurable in SV and ST between 0.1 and 8 kHz with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios with this sensor. The pressure differences were comparable to results obtained with custom-made sensors. Our results demonstrated that the pressure sensor Samba Preclin 420 LP is usable for measurements of intracochlear sound pressures in SV and ST and for the determination of differential intracochlear sound pressures.
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Xu, Dandan, Ling Duan, Suyun Yan, Yong Wang, Ke Cao, Weidong Wang, Hongcheng Xu, Yuejiao Wang, Liangwei Hu, and Libo Gao. "Monolayer MoS2-Based Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor with Wide Sensing Range." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050660.
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Flexible pressure sensors play an important role in flexible robotics, human-machine interaction (HMI), and human physiological information. However, most of the reported flexible pressure sensors suffer from a highly nonlinear response and a significant decrease in sensitivity at high pressures. Herein, we propose a flexible novel iontronic pressure sensor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Based on the unique structure and the excellent mechanical properties as well as the large intercalation capacitance of MoS2, the prepared sensor holds an ultra-high sensitivity (Smax = 89.75 kPa−1) and a wide sensing range (722.2 kPa). Further, the response time and relaxation time of the flexible sensor are only 3 ms, respectively, indicating that the device can respond to external pressure rapidly. In addition, it shows long-term cycling stability (over 5000 cycles with almost no degradation) at a high pressure of 138.9 kPa. Finally, it is demonstrated that the sensor can be used in physiological information monitoring and flexible robotics. It is anticipated that our prepared sensor provide a reliable approach to advance the theory and practicality of the flexible sensor electronics.
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Kim, Soo-Wan, Geum-Yoon Oh, Kang-In Lee, Young-Jin Yang, Jeong-Beom Ko, Young-Woo Kim, and Young-Sun Hong. "A Highly Sensitive and Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on Alignment Airgap Dielectric." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 7390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197390.
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Flexible capacitive pressure sensors with a simple structure and low power consumption are attracting attention, owing to their wide range of applications in wearable electronic devices. However, it is difficult to manufacture pressure sensors with high sensitivity, wide detection range, and low detection limits. We developed a highly sensitive and flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on the porous Ecoflex, which has an aligned airgap structure and can be manufactured by simply using a mold and a micro-needle. The existence of precisely aligned airgap structures significantly improved the sensor sensitivity compared to other dielectric structures without airgaps. The proposed capacitive pressure sensor with an alignment airgap structure supports a wide range of working pressures (20–100 kPa), quick response time (≈100 ms), high operational stability, and low-pressure detection limit (20 Pa). Moreover, we also studied the application of pulse wave monitoring in wearable sensors, exhibiting excellent performance in wearable devices that detect pulse waves before and after exercise. The proposed pressure sensor is applicable in electronic skin and wearable medical assistive devices owing to its excellent functional features.
7
Pan, Jin, Shiyu Liu, Hongzhou Zhang, and Jiangang Lu. "A Flexible Temperature Sensor Array with Polyaniline/Graphene–Polyvinyl Butyral Thin Film." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 23, 2019): 4105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194105.
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Thermal-resistance temperature sensors generally employ temperature-sensitive materials as active layers, which are always deposited on a flexible substrate to improve flexibility. Such a temperature sensor is usually integrated in wearable devices with other sensors, such as pressure sensors and stretchable sensors. In prior works, the temperature and pressure sensors are usually located in different layers in a multifunction sensor, which results in a complicated fabrication process, as well as a large thickness of devices. Meanwhile, many temperature sensors are based on large areas of non-transparent materials, leading to difficulties in integrating display applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a flexible temperature sensor based on polyaniline/graphene (GPANI)–polyvinyl butyral (PVB) thin film and indium tin oxides (ITO)- polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The GPANI particles embedded in PVB film not only contribute to temperature detection, but also response to external pressures, due to weak deformations. In addition, the thin composite film (2.7 μm) highly improved the transparency. By optimizing the device structure, the sensor integrates temperature and pressure detection into one single layer, which shows a wide temperature range of 25–80 °C, a pressure range of 0–30 kPa, and a high transparency (>80%). The temperature sensor offers great potential for applications in emerging wearable devices and electronic skins.
8
Okojie, Robert S., Roger D. Meredith, Clarence T. Chang, and Ender Savrun. "High Temperature Dynamic Pressure Measurements Using Silicon Carbide Pressure Sensors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (January 1, 2014): 000047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-ta25.
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Un-cooled, MEMS-based silicon carbide (SiC) static pressure sensors were used for the first time to measure pressure perturbations at temperatures as high as 600 °C during laboratory characterization, and subsequently evaluated in a combustor rig operated under various engine conditions to extract the frequencies that are associated with thermoacoustic instabilities. One SiC sensor was placed directly in the flow stream of the combustor rig while a benchmark commercial water-cooled piezoceramic dynamic pressure transducer was co-located axially but kept some distance away from the hot flow stream. In the combustor rig test, the SiC sensor detected thermoacoustic instabilities across a range of engine operating conditions, amplitude magnitude as low as 0.5 psi at 585 °C, in good agreement with the benchmark piezoceramic sensor. The SiC sensor experienced low signal to noise ratio at higher temperature, primarily due to the fact that it was a static sensor with low sensitivity.
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Farooq, Muhammad, Talha Iqbal, Patricia Vazquez, Nazar Farid, Sudhin Thampi, William Wijns, and Atif Shahzad. "Thin-Film Flexible Wireless Pressure Sensor for Continuous Pressure Monitoring in Medical Applications." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 6653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226653.
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Physiological pressure measurement is one of the most common applications of sensors in healthcare. Particularly, continuous pressure monitoring provides key information for early diagnosis, patient-specific treatment, and preventive healthcare. This paper presents a thin-film flexible wireless pressure sensor for continuous pressure measurement in a wide range of medical applications but mainly focused on interface pressure monitoring during compression therapy to treat venous insufficiency. The sensor is based on a pressure-dependent capacitor (C) and printed inductive coil (L) that form an inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant circuit. A matched reader coil provides an excellent coupling at the fundamental resonance frequency of the sensor. Considering varying requirements of venous ulceration, two versions of the sensor, with different sizes, were finalized after design parameter optimization and fabricated using a cost-effective and simple etching method. A test setup consisting of a glass pressure chamber and a vacuum pump was developed to test and characterize the response of the sensors. Both sensors were tested for a narrow range (0–100 mmHg) and a wide range (0–300 mmHg) to cover most of the physiological pressure measurement applications. Both sensors showed good linearity with high sensitivity in the lower pressure range <100 mmHg, providing a wireless monitoring platform for compression therapy in venous ulceration.
10
Kim, Dong Hwi, Eun Soo Kim, Sung-chul Shin, and Sun Hong Kwon. "Sources of the Measurement Error of the Impact Pressure in Sloshing Experiments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070207.
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Sloshing experiments have increasingly received academic attention. Understanding the measurement errors in the sloshing impact pressures is an important parts of the sloshing experiments since these errors, which arise from experimental conditions, affect the subsequent results. As part of the research on the sources of the measurement errors, focused on the effects of surface conditions of pressure sensors on the measurement of impact pressures. Thirty-six integrated circuit piezoelectric pressure sensors were placed on the upper surfaces of a two-dimensional tank to measure the sloshing impact pressures under surge or pitch motions. For each motion, the experimental conditions were divided in two based on whether the surfaces of the sensors were dry or wet. The peak pressures of each test were measured as twenty repeated experiments to ensure reliability. The flow in the tank was visualized using a high-speed camera to observe and analyze macroscopic and microscopic phenomena along the sensor surface. Thermal shock effects were confirmed by varying the experimental temperature and that of the sensor surface. The effects of the wet surface and droplets formed on the sensor surface on pressure measurements are discussed.
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Tsung, Tsing Tshih, Lee Long Han, Liang Chia Chen, and Ho Chang. "Performance Characterization of Pressure Sensors Using an Improved Pressure Square Wave Generator." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.533.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the dynamic characteristics of various structure pressure sensors using the Improved Pressure Square Wave Generator (IPSWG). The developed IPSWG is a signal generator that creates pressure square waves as an excitation source. The dynamic characteristics of pressure sensor in hydraulic systems can be measured and evaluated effectively due to the high excitation energy. The method is also useful for dynamic testing and characterization for a high frequency range, which cannot be performed by the traditional methods, such as the hammer kit excitation, sweeping frequency pressure wave, and random frequency wave. Result shows that piezoelectric sensors (quartz) have a largest gain margin and overshoot. The strain gauge sensor has a smaller gain margin and overshoot. The piezoelectric sensor is more suitable for measuring dynamic pressure.
12
Zhang, Ziyan. "Principle and Application of Flexible Pressure Sensors." SHS Web of Conferences 157 (2023): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315701026.
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Flexible pressure sensors are widely used in many ways, including health care and machine sensors. Compared with the traditional flexible pressure sensor, flexible pressure sensor has quality is light, easy to carry and deformation degree higher advantages are modern science and technology advanced has broad prospects for the development of technology products. In recent years, Remarkable progress has been made in the field of flexible pressure sensors. However, it is still a big challenge to realize the high resolution, high sensitivity, fast response, low-cost manufacturing and complex signal detection of flexible pressure sensors. This paper will introduce the mechanism of the flexible pressure sensor and improve the sensitivity by using the microstructure and the practical application. The research in this paper will have a very important value for the research and application of the flexible pressure sensor.
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Ion, Marian, Silviu Dinulescu, Bogdan Firtat, Mihaela Savin, Octavian N. Ionescu, and Carmen Moldovan. "Design and Fabrication of a New Wearable Pressure Sensor for Blood Pressure Monitoring." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062075.
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In recent years, research into the field of materials for flexible sensors and fabrication techniques directed towards wearable devices has helped to raise awareness of the need for new sensors with healthcare applicability. Our goal was to create a wearable flexible pressure sensor that could be integrated into a clinically approved blood pressure monitoring device. The sensor is built from a microfluidic channel encapsulated between two polymer layers, one layer being covered by metal transducers and the other being a flexible membrane containing the microfluidic channel, which also acts as a sealant for the structure. The applied external pressure deforms the channel, causing changes in resistance to the microfluidic layer. Electrical characterization has been performed in 5 different configurations, using alternating current (AC) and (DC) direct current measurements. The AC measurements for the fabricated pressure sensor resulted in impedance values at tens of hundreds of kOhm. Our sensor proved to have a high sensitivity for pressure values between 0 and 150 mm Hg, being subjected to repeatable external forces. The novelty presented in our work consists in the unique technological flow for the fabrication of the flexible wearable pressure sensor. The proposed miniaturized pressure sensor will ensure flexibility, low production cost and ease of use. It is made of very sensitive microfluidic elements and biocompatible materials and can be integrated into a wearable cuffless device for continuous blood pressure monitoring.
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Kim, Gaeul, Chi Cuong Vu, and Jooyong Kim. "Single-Layer Pressure Textile Sensors with Woven Conductive Yarn Circuit." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082877.
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Today, e-textiles have become a fundamental trend in wearable devices. Fabric pressure sensors, as a part of e-textiles, have also received much interest from many researchers all over the world. However, most of the pressure sensors are made of electronic fibers and composed of many layers, including an intermediate layer for sensing the pressure. This paper proposes the model of a single layer pressure sensor with electrodes and conductive fibers intertwined. The plan dimensions of the fabricated sensors are 14 x 14 mm, and the thickness is 0.4 mm. The whole area of the sensor is the pressure-sensitive point. As expected, results demonstrate an electrical resistance change from 283 Ω at the unload pressure to 158 Ω at the load pressure. Besides, sensors have a fast response time (50 ms) and small hysteresis (5.5%). The hysteresis will increase according to the pressure and loading distance, but the change of sensor loading distance is very small. Moreover, the single-layer pressure sensors also show high durability under many working cycles (20,000 cycles) or washing times (50 times). The single-layer pressure sensor is very thin and more flexible than the multi-layer pressure sensor. The structure of this sensor is also expected to bring great benefits to wearable technology in the future.
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Santos-Ruiz, Ildeberto, Francisco-Ronay López-Estrada, Vicenç Puig, Guillermo Valencia-Palomo, and Héctor-Ricardo Hernández. "Pressure Sensor Placement for Leak Localization in Water Distribution Networks Using Information Theory." Sensors 22, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020443.
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This paper presents a method for optimal pressure sensor placement in water distribution networks using information theory. The criterion for selecting the network nodes where to place the pressure sensors was that they provide the most useful information for locating leaks in the network. Considering that the node pressures measured by the sensors can be correlated (mutual information), a subset of sensor nodes in the network was chosen. The relevance of information was maximized, and information redundancy was minimized simultaneously. The selection of the nodes where to place the sensors was performed on datasets of pressure changes caused by multiple leak scenarios, which were synthetically generated by simulation using the EPANET software application. In order to select the optimal subset of nodes, the candidate nodes were ranked using a heuristic algorithm with quadratic computational cost, which made it time-efficient compared to other sensor placement algorithms. The sensor placement algorithm was implemented in MATLAB and tested on the Hanoi network. It was verified by exhaustive analysis that the selected nodes were the best combination to place the sensors and detect leaks.
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Janardhanan, Shankaran, Joan Z. Delalic, Jeffrey Catchmark, and Dharanipal Saini. "Development of Biocompatible MEMS Wireless Capacitive Pressure Sensor." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-2.4.287.
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The objective of this research was to develop a wireless pressure sensor useful for monitoring bladder pressure. The wireless sensor consists of an active capacitive element and an inductor coil. The changes in pressure are related to the changes in the resonant frequency of the internal sensor. The existing pressure sensors have inductors formed on both sides of the substrate. The changes in internal capacitance of these sensors are related to the changes in pressure by impedance matching of the internal LC circuit. The deviation in bladder pressure is an important variable in evaluating the diseased state of the bladder. The inductor designed for this application is a spirally wound inductor fabricated adjacent to the capacitor. The external sensing uses equivalent changes in internal LC. The resonant frequency of the internal sensor is defined by the deformation of the plate, causing the plate to touch the dielectric on the fixed capacitive plate, which is reflected as changes in capacitance(C). The deformation of the plate has been modeled using Finite Element Analysis. The finite element analysis optimizes the dimensions of the design. Remote sensing is achieved through inductive coupling and the changes in pressure are determined. The device is tested for pressures ranging from 0–150 mmHg, bladder pressure. The RF Telemetry system has been modeled using Sonnet. The frequency range is between 100–670 MHz which is in compliance to that specified by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations.
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Martínez, Fernando, E. Tynan, M. Arregui, G. Obieta, and J. Aurrekoetxea. "Electroactive Pressure Sensors for Smart Structures." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.122.
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A hardware-software interface for smart electroactive pressure sensors has been designed with the objective of providing a low power consumption and high performance impact monitoring system, integrated in new smart structures. The interface is specifically designed for its use with distributed pressure sensors based on conductive polymers. Their low cost and flexibility make them suitable for placing on large surfaces. The smart sensor integrates a microprocessor, a radio chip and a complete analog front end based on a period-modulated oscillator. The software developed implements new interface applications for this hardware in TinyOS. The response of the sensor, both loading and unloading, to different impact energies first, and then to different probe stiffness is presented. The behaviour of the sensor to impact is also compared to the response in static, and the different factors affecting the sensor response in both conditions are described. Comparing and contrasting the sensor signal with that of an impact pendulum shows that the sensor is suitable for measuring impact in both flexible and rigid structures.
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Ting, Fang, and Ding Xue. "Research on Metrological Characteristic of Micro-Differential Pressure Sensor in Draw Resistance Device." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.231.
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Micro-differential pressure sensor is one of the core components in the draw resistance device. Its metrological characteristic directly affects the accuracy of cigarettes’ draw resistance. Because different principles of micro-differential pressure sensors are used by each equipment manufacturer, the influences are not consistent on measuring the draw resistance. In order to study the influences of micro-differential pressure sensor on the draw resistance measurement, we will analyze its metrological characteristic through the acquisition of the output voltages under the different standard pressures. The experimental results show that the precision level of micro-differential pressure sensor using is higher, and it has little effect on the draw resistance measurement.
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Agoes Santika Hyperastuty, Yanuar Mukhammad, Samik Munawar, and I’im Nandang. "MPX4115VC6U as Pressure Regulation on Automatic Cupping Therapy." Journal for Quality in Public Health 5, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v5i2.349.
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Mpx4115VC6U sensor is one of the pressure sensors. Mpxv4115VC6U sensor is a pressure sensor with temperature compensation, signal conditioning, and has been calibrated.This sensor has good suction power. One example of the use of the MPX4115VC6U sensor is the cupping tool. Mpx4115VC6U sensor is one of the pressure sensors. This sensor has good suction power. One example of the use of the MPX4115VC6U sensor is the cupping tool. Cupping tools are a method of treatment by removing dirty blood from the surface of skin rashes, then sucked with cupping shovels and cuffs, used for various diseases such as hypertension and other diseases. The cupping device equipped with the MPX4115VC6U sensor is capable of sucking at a pressure of -200 mmHg-400 mmHg. The cupping device equipped with the MPX4115VC6U sensor is capable of sucking at a pressure of -200 mmHg-400 mmHg. From the test results of the tool, it was obtained that the percentage value of error ranged from 0.2-0.5%, with the error percentage above the tool can be used properly.
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Geng, Xingguang, Su Liu, Yitao Zhang, Shaolong Zhang, Jiena Hou, Jun Zhang, Muhammad Asif, and Hai-Ying Zhang. "Adjacent Channel Interference Modeling of Single Vibration Point on Multichannel Dynamic Pressure Sensors." Journal of Sensors 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1953506.
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Pulse waves of a radial artery under different pressures applied through a cuff play an important role in disease diagnosis, especially in traditional chinese medicine (TCM). Pulse waves could be collected by a pressure sensor array affixed to an inflatable cuff. During a process of collecting pulse waves, one sensor of a sensor array moves up and down when the sensor is shocked by a pulse wave. Movement of the sensor leads to the passive displacement of other nearby sensors because of a connecting structure between them. Then, vibration signals will be generated by the nearby sensors although these sensors do not receive radial artery pulse waves. These vibration signals considered an interference are usually superimposed on real signals obtained from these nearby sensors and degrade signal quality. The problem mentioned above does not only generally exist in a pressure sensor array attached to a wristband but also is easy to ignore. This paper proposes a novel interference suppression algorithm based on Welch’s method for estimating and weakening adjacent sensor channel interference to overcome the problem. At first, a sensor array attached to an inflatable cuff and a vibration generator is proposed to establish an experimental platform for simplifying the pulse wave collection process. Then, the interference suppression algorithm is proposed according to mechanical analysis and Welch’s method based on the proposed sensor array and vibration generator. Next anti-interference abilities of the algorithm based on a simplified process are evaluated by different vibration frequencies and applied pressures. The anti-interference abilities of the algorithm based on pulse waves of the radial artery are evaluated indirectly. The results show that the novel interference suppression algorithm could weaken adjacent sensor channel interference and upgrade the signal quality.
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Subramanian, Chelakara, Gabriel Lapilli, Frederic Krate, JeanPaul Pinelli, and Ivica Kostanic. "MULTI-SENSOR WIRELESS NETWORK SYSTEM FOR HURRICANE MONITORING." SOFT MEASUREMENTS AND COMPUTING 1, no. 11 (2021): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/2618-9976.2021.11.001.
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A wireless sensor system is described. Pressure sensor measurements are compared with National Weather Service data and wind tunnel test data. It then describes a minivan highway test that was used to evaluate the effect of sensor housing shape on pressure measurements. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was also performed to complement the wind tunnel and road van tests, as well as to determine optimal mesh shapes and sizes, boundary conditions, and the best turbulence model that would reproduce the measured pressures. (UV) The following describes the Hurricane Simulator tests that were used to evaluate the effect of wind gusts on pressure and automatic/cross-correlations of pressure and velocity between different sensors. A CFD simulation of the UF Hurricane Simulator test was also performed to evaluate the sensitivity of turbulence models in capturing true pressure and velocity changes on the test site due to gusts. Vibration testing using a shaker table to analyze the effect of structural vibration on sensor pressure measurements is described.
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Jin, Sheng, Srihari Rajgopal, and Mehran Mehregany. "Characterization of Poly-SiC Pressure Sensors for High Temperature and High Pressure Applications." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 1211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.1211.
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We report two improvements of our all-silicon carbide (SiC) micromachined capacitive diaphragm-based pressure sensors: Ti/TaSi2/Pt contact metallization to enhance temperature cycling durability and a 0.5 μm-thin sensing gap to further improve sensor sensitivity. Three sensors with 0.5 μm and 1.5 μm sensing gaps were packaged individually in high temperature ceramic packages and characterized to designed (static) pressures of 2.1 MPa (300 psi), 3.4 MPa (500psi) and 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) up to 550°C. For the 3.4 MPa range sensor (0.5 μm gap, 70 μm diaphragm radius), a sensitivity of 0.06 fF/Pa and a nonlinearity of 2.0% was obtained at 550°C in contact mode operation. In comparison, the 2.1 MPa range sensor (1.5 μm gap, 95 μm diaphragm radius) demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.07 fF/Pa and a nonlinearity of 4.6% at 550°C in contact mode operation. The 6.9 MPa range sensor (1.5 μm gap, 70 μm diaphragm radius) demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.03 fF/Pa and a nonlinearity of 4.0% at 500°C, also in contact mode.
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Balavalad, Kirankumar B., PraveenKumar B. Balavalad, and Somanath Pidashetti. "Optimization of Nano Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Medical Applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1065, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1065/1/012050.
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Abstract Nano/NEMS sensors have emerged from MEMS technology. Nano sensors have got lot of applications in medical and health care applications. Nano sensors have lot of attributes which make them very unique and special, such as: small size, low mass, high sensitivity and low cost of production. In this paper we present optimization of nano capacitive pressure sensor dimensions for medical applications. Capacitive pressure sensors are well suited for low pressure sensing applications. Typically, in medical field involve low pressure levels ranging from few Pascals to kilo Pascals. DoE is used for the optimization of sensor dimensions. The sensor is optimized to operate over the pressure range up to 100 kPa. Over this pressure range the sensor dimensions are optimized to get better response in terms of capacitance. The proposed optimization illustrates the dimensions best suited for the design of nano capacitive pressure sensor for operational range up to 100 kPa.
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Tian, Bian, Yulong Zhao, Zhe Niu, and Jiang Zhuangde. "Micro-pressure sensor dynamic performance analysis." Sensor Review 34, no. 4 (August 26, 2014): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-11-2013-748.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a piezoresistive pressure sensor for micro-pressure measurement with a cross-beam membrane (CBM) structure. This study analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the proposed device. Design/methodology/approach – This CBM sensor possesses high stiffness and sensitivity, measuring dynamic pressure more effectively in a high-frequency environment compared with other piezoresistive structures. The dynamic characteristics are derived using the finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses of the new structure, including natural frequency and lateral effect performances. The CBM dynamic performances are compared with traditional structures. Findings – The pressure sensor performance was evaluated, and the experimental results indicate that they all exhibit similar dynamic characteristics as the designed model. Compared with traditional structures such as the single island, the CBM proves to be superior in evaluating the dynamic performances of pressure sensors at high frequencies of > 30 kHz. Originality/value – Most studies of this micro pressure sensors attempt to promote the sensitivity or focus on the static performance of pressure sensor with micro gauge. This study is concerned with analyze the dynamic characterism of micro pressure sensor and compared with the traditional structures, that prove the CBM structure has stable dynamic performance and is a better option for measuring dynamic micro pressure in biomedical applications.
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Park, Byunggeon, Young Jung, Jong Soo Ko, Jinhyoung Park, and Hanchul Cho. "Self-Restoring Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on Three-Dimensional Porous Structure and Shape Memory Polymer." Polymers 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050824.
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Highly flexible and compressible porous polyurethane (PU) structures have effectively been applied in capacitive pressure sensors because of the good elastic properties of the PU structures. However, PU porous structure-based pressure sensors have been limited in practical applications owing to their low durability during pressure cycling. Herein, we report a flexible pressure sensor based on a three-dimensional porous structure with notable durability at a compressive pressure of 500 kPa facilitated by the use of a shape memory polymer (SMP). The SMP porous structure was fabricated using a sugar templating process and capillary effect. The use of the SMP resulted in the maintenance of the sensing performance for 100 cycles at 500 kPa; the SMP can restore its original shape within 30 s of heating at 80 °C. The pressure sensor based on the SMP exhibited a higher sensitivity of 0.0223 kPa−1 than a typical PU-based sensor and displayed excellent sensing performance in terms of stability, response time, and hysteresis. Additionally, the proposed sensor was used to detect shoe insole pressures in real time and exhibited remarkable durability and motion differentiation.
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Fernandez, Vicente I., Audrey Maertens, Frank M. Yaul, Jason Dahl, Jeffrey H. Lang, and Michael S. Triantafyllou. "Lateral-Line-Inspired Sensor Arrays for Navigation and Object Identification." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.4.20.
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AbstractThe lateral line is a critical component of fish sensory systems, found to affect numerous aspects of behavior, including maneuvering in complex fluid environments with poor visibility. This sensory organ has no analog in modern ocean vehicles, despite its utility and ubiquity in nature, and could fill the gap left by sonar and vision systems in turbid, cluttered environments.To emulate the lateral line and characterize its object-tracking and shape recognition capabilities, a linear array of pressure sensors is used along with analytic models of the fluid in order to determine position, shape, and size of various objects in both passive and active sensing schemes. We find that based on pressure information, tracking a moving cylinder can be effectively achieved via a particle filter. Using principal component analysis, we are also able to reliably distinguish between cylinders of different cross section and identify the critical flow signature information that leads to the shape identification. In a second application, we employ pressure measurements on an artificial fish and an unscented Kalman filter to successfully identify the shape of an arbitrary static cylinder.Based on the experiments, we conclude that a linear pressure sensor array for identifying small objects should have a sensor-to-sensor spacing of less than 0.03 (relative to the length of the sensing body) and resolve pressure differences of at least 10 Pa. These criteria are used in the development of an artificial lateral line adaptable to the curved hull of an underwater vehicle, employing conductive polymer technologies to form a flexible array of small pressure sensors.
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Herregodts, Stijn, Patrick De Baets, Jan Victor, and Matthias Verstraete. "Use of Tekscan pressure sensors for measuring contact pressures in the human knee joint." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 6, no. 2 (July 7, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v6i2.1123.
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The Tekscan pressure sensor is a common instrument to quantify in vitro tibiofemoral and patellofemoral contact pressures, which helps to understand the impact of surgical intervention such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). As a result of the non-linear behavior of the sensor, the conditioning, normalization and calibration of the sensor are critical to achieve correct measurements. In this paper, a literature review is presented that provides insight in the correct use of these sensors, resulting in optimal accuracy. To guarantee the repeatability of the measurements, a secure and correct fixation of the sensor in the joint is required. Using the sensor for intra-articular measurements induces several unintended effects, which potentially lower the accuracy of the measurement. First, the uneven surface can result in wrinkling and destruction of the sensor, in turn leading to measurement results that can be corrupted. Second, the presence of shear forces on the sensor can lead to wear of the sensor and reduction in sensitivity with loss of accuracy as a result. Also the fixation method can worsen the accuracy. In literature, a deterioration of the accuracy from 3% under optimal conditions to errors of more than 50% are reported as a result of the aforementioned effects.
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Cai, Zhou Chun, Chuan Li, Yuan Yu Guan, Wu Fen Chen, Li Jun Guo, Fu Yun Chen, Zhen Gang Zhao, and Tao Xie. "FBG Earth Pressure Sensors Applied in Surrounding Rock Pressure of Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.1173.
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During the period of tunnel excavation, shoring, forming and long-term operation, stress changes of tunnel surrounding rock are complex, the real-time monitoring of surrounding rock pressure is the key factor in ensuring long-term stability in tunnel. Fiber Bragg grating earth pressure sensors apply in surrounding rock pressure of tunnel which can change the pressure of the surrounding rock into fiber Bragg grating wavelength shift. According to the feature of pressure and temperature in Tian Xin Tunnel, 40 earth pressure sensors are embedded in 20 representative sections and one earth pressure sensor is embedded in each arch shoulder. In addition, one temperature compensation sensor is embedded in each arch crown. During the 235 monitoring days, the biggest daily change of surrounding rock pressure reaches 800 KPa. In 3 months of the sensor installation, the average monthly variation is within 50 KPa. The long-term measurement results indicate that the changes of surrounding rock pressure are different in different locations. When the surrounding rock is close to the excavated and blasted surface the surrounding rock pressure changes largely.
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Gao, Xin, Piotr Mackowiak, Biswajit Mukhopadhyay, Oswin Ehrmann, Klaus Dieter Lang, and Ha Duong Ngo. "Evaluation and Signal Conditioning of Piezoresistive Silicon Pressure Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.28.
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The piezoresistive silicon pressure sensor used in this work is developed by Technical University Berlin. It is mainly composed of a silicon-membrane and four implanted piezoresistors connected in form of a Wheatstone bridge. After wire bonding, the sensor was evaluated in a climate cabinet at different temperatures and pressures. The characteristic curve of the sensor shows its good linearity and strong dependence on the temperature. The sensor ́s temperature coefficient of sensitivity and zero shift were compensated using ASIC MLX90308. The experimental results show that this method of compensation accurately solved the sensors temperature dependence problems.
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Bamba, Noriko, N. Endo, T. Takagi, and Tatsuo Fukami. "Pressure Sensing Using Electrostatic Capacitance." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.865.
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Piezoelectric ceramic pressure sensors have been attracted great interest due to their simple and miniature structure compared with conventional sensors such as strain gauge sensor. A new type of static pressure sensor by using a change of permittivity upon applied mechanical pressure has been studied in this work. BaTiO3 ceramics with/without a small amount of Mn were used as sensing materials and the effect of poling treatment on their sensor performance was investigated. An anti-ferroelectric material, NaNbO3, was also examined. All materials could detect the change of pressure through the frequency shift of CR oscillator. Change of permittivity of non-doped BaTiO3 and Mn doped BaTiO3 without poling treatment were larger than that of PZT used as a reference, that is, BaTiO3 ceramics had higher-pressure sensitivity. BaTiO3 and relative materials, however, needed transit time to reach the steady state, while NaNbO3 was independent to the time. Conclusively, it seems that BaTiO3 and relative materials without poling treatment and the anti-ferroelectric material, NaNbO3, become possible candidates as a pressure sensor using permittivity change.
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Lin, Xin, Ying Liu, Yong Zhang, Peng Yang, Xianzhe Cheng, Jing Qiu, and Guanjun Liu. "Polymer-Assisted Pressure Sensor with Piezoresistive Suspended Graphene and Its Temperature Characteristics." Nano 14, no. 10 (October 2019): 1950130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292019501303.
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A polymer-assisted pressure sensor with piezoresistive suspended graphene is proposed and fabricated with high yield. Our sensor exhibits a good pressure response comparable to that of commercial sensors. The sensitivity is estimated to be [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kPa[Formula: see text], higher than that of similar Si-based pressure sensors. The influence of the temperature on the sensor performance is systematically analyzed. An inverse temperature response is observed, and a nonnegligible temperature effect on the sensor resistance is demonstrated. Considering the temperature-induced cavity pressure change, a new temperature–resistance model is built to explain the nonlinearity of the sensor response to the temperature variation. Experiments under different test voltages show the influence of the current thermal effect, which is similar to that of temperature and nonnegligible for high-precision pressure sensors. Our new sensor holds great potential for practical application, and the findings on the temperature characteristics open up a route to further improve the sensor performance.
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Duan, Yanhao, Shixue He, Jian Wu, Benlong Su, and Youshan Wang. "Recent Progress in Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142495.
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Flexible pressure sensors that can maintain their pressure sensing ability with arbitrary deformation play an essential role in a wide range of applications, such as aerospace, prosthetics, robotics, healthcare, human–machine interfaces, and electronic skin. Flexible pressure sensors with diverse conversion principles and structural designs have been extensively studied. At present, with the development of 5G and the Internet of Things, there is a huge demand for flexible pressure sensor arrays with high resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we present a brief description of the present flexible pressure sensor arrays with different transduction mechanisms from design to fabrication. Next, we discuss the latest progress of flexible pressure sensor arrays for applications in human–machine interfaces, healthcare, and aerospace. These arrays can monitor the spatial pressure and map the trajectory with high resolution and rapid response beyond human perception. Finally, the outlook of the future and the existing problems of pressure sensor arrays are presented.
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Ramadoss, Tamil Selvan, Yuya Ishii, Amutha Chinnappan, Marcelo H. Ang, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Fabrication of Pressure Sensor Using Electrospinning Method for Robotic Tactile Sensing Application." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051320.
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Tactile sensors are widely used by the robotics industries over decades to measure force or pressure produced by external stimuli. Piezoelectric-based pressure sensors have intensively been investigated as promising candidates for tactile sensing applications. In contrast, piezoelectric-based pressure sensors are expensive due to their high cost of manufacturing and expensive base materials. Recently, an effect similar to the piezoelectric effect has been identified in non-piezoelectric polymers such as poly(d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene. Hence investigations were conducted on alternative materials to find their suitability. In this article, we used inexpensive atactic polystyrene (aPS) as the base polymer and fabricated functional fibers using an electrospinning method. Fiber morphologies were studied using a field-emission scanning electron microscope and proposed a unique pressure sensor fabrication method. A fabricated pressure sensor was subjected to different pressures and corresponding electrical and mechanical characteristics were analyzed. An open circuit voltage of 3.1 V was generated at 19.9 kPa applied pressure, followed by an integral output charge (ΔQ), which was measured to calculate the average apparent piezoelectric constant dapp and was found to be 12.9 ± 1.8 pC N−1. A fabricated pressure sensor was attached to a commercially available robotic arm to mimic the tactile sensing.
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Gao, Rui, Wenjun Zhang, Junmin Jing, Zhiwei Liao, Zhou Zhao, Bin Yao, Huiyu Zhang, et al. "Design, Fabrication, and Dynamic Environmental Test of a Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071142.
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Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensors have a wide range of applications based on the advantages of mature technology and easy integration. Among them, piezoresistive sensors have attracted great attention with the advantage of simple back-end processing circuits. However, less research has been reported on the performance of piezoresistive pressure sensors in dynamic environments, especially considering the vibrations and shocks frequently encountered during the application of the sensors. To address these issues, this paper proposes a design method for a MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor, and the fabricated sensor is evaluated in a series of systematic dynamic environmental adaptability tests. After testing, the output sensitivity of the sensor chip was 9.21 mV∙bar−1, while the nonlinearity was 0.069% FSS. The sensor overreacts to rapidly changing pressure environments and can withstand acceleration shocks of up to 20× g. In addition, the sensor is capable of providing normal output over the vibration frequency range of 0–5000 Hz with a temperature coefficient sensitivity of −0.30% FSS °C−1 over the temperature range of 0–80 °C. Our proposed sensor can play a key role in applications with wide pressure ranges, high-frequency vibrations, and high acceleration shocks, as well as guide MEMS-based pressure sensors in high pressure ranges and complex environmental adaptability in their design.
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Yao, A., C. L. Yang, J. K. Seo, and M. Soleimani. "EIT-Based Fabric Pressure Sensing." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/405325.
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This paper presents EIT-based fabric sensors that aim to provide a pressure mapping using the current carrying and voltage sensing electrodes attached to the boundary of the fabric patch. Pressure-induced shape change over the sensor area makes a change in the conductivity distribution which can be conveyed to the change of boundary current-voltage data. This boundary data is obtained through electrode measurements in EIT system. The corresponding inverse problem is to reconstruct the pressure and deformation map from the relationship between the applied current and the measured voltage on the fabric boundary. Taking advantage of EIT in providing dynamical images of conductivity changes due to pressure induced shape change, the pressure map can be estimated. In this paper, the EIT-based fabric sensor was presented for circular and rectangular sensor geometry. A stretch sensitive fabric was used in circular sensor with 16 electrodes and a pressure sensitive fabric was used in a rectangular sensor with 32 electrodes. A preliminary human test was carried out with the rectangular sensor for foot pressure mapping showing promising results.
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Ramalingame, Rajarajan, Amoog Lakshmanan, Florian Müller, Ulrike Thomas, and Olfa Kanoun. "Highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors for robotic applications based on carbon nanotubes and PDMS polymer nanocomposite." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 8, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-8-87-2019.
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Abstract. Flexible tactile pressure sensor arrays based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are gaining importance, especially in the field of robotics because of the high demand for stable, flexible and sensitive sensors. Some existing concepts of pressure sensors based on nanocomposites exhibit complicated fabrication techniques and better sensitivity than the conventional pressure sensors. In this article, we propose a nanocomposite-based pressure sensor that exhibits a high sensitivity of 25 % N−1, starting with a minimum load range of 0–0.01 N and 46.8 % N−1 in the range of 0–1 N. The maximum pressure sensing range of the sensor is approximately 570 kPa. A concept of a 4×3 tactile sensor array, which could be integrated to robot fingers, is demonstrated. The high sensitivity of the pressure sensor enables precision grasping, with the ability to sense small objects with a size of 5 mm and a weight of 1 g. Another application of the pressure sensor is demonstrated as a gait analysis for humanoid robots. The pressure sensor is integrated under the foot of a humanoid robot to monitor and evaluate the gait of the robot, which provides insights for optimizing the robot's self-balancing algorithm in order to maintain the posture while walking.
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Sujeesh, Vishnu, Godwin Ponraj, and Hongliang Ren. "Soft Ionic Pressure Sensor with Aloe Vera Gel for Low-Pressure Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020146.
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Ionic pressure sensors are made of ionic compounds suspended in a suitable solvent mixture. When external pressure is exerted on them, it is reflected as a change in electrical parameters due to physical deformation and a redistribution of ions within the sensing medium. Variations in the composition and material of the sensing medium result in different pressure sensors with varying operating ranges and sensitivity. This work presents the design and fabrication procedure of a novel soft-pressure sensor for a very low-pressure range (<20 mm Hg) using Aloe vera gel and Glycerin as the solvent for the ionic sensing medium. We also provide a comparative study on the performance of sensor prototypes with varying solvent concentrations and geometric parameters based on a series of characterization experiments. Maximum sensitivity (7.498×10−4 Ω/mmHg) was observed when using 40% glycerin in the sensing medium, filled in a toroidal geometry with outer and inner channel diameters of 8 mm and 7 mm, respectively. The proposed sensor is entirely soft and can be designed to conform to any desired geometry.
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Krivorotov, N. P., Yu G. Svinolupov, T. I. Izaak, and V. V. Bychkov. "Diaphragmless pressure sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 113, no. 3 (August 2004): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.03.073.
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Sapir, Itzhak. "Absolute pressure sensor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 124, no. 5 (2008): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3020539.
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Erickson, David J., and Walter Chyrywaty. "Acoustic pressure sensor." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 1 (2009): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3074450.
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French, P. J., H. Muro, T. Shinohara, H. Nojiri, and H. Kaneko. "SOI pressure sensor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 35, no. 1 (October 1992): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(92)87003-y.
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Hänninen, Aleksi, Timo Salpavaara, Jukka Lekkala, and Minna Kellomäki. "An Inductively Coupled Biodegradable Capacitive Pressure Sensor." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 26, 2018): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130914.
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A biodegradable inductively coupled pressure sensor is presented. Three sensors were fabricated using melt processed biodegradable polymers and electron-beam evaporated magnesium. All the sensors showed similar pressure responses from 0 to 0.2 bar. In addition, the responses of the sensors to temperature changes and static pressure are reported. Due to the limited quality factor of the resonance sensors, single measurements were noisy. For this reason, averaging of multiple measurements was needed to achieve consistent results.
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Ahmadizadeh, Chakaveh, and Carlo Menon. "Investigation of Regression Methods for Reduction of Errors Caused by Bending of FSR-Based Pressure Sensing Systems Used for Prosthetic Applications." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 5519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245519.
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The pressure map at the interface of a prosthetic socket and a residual limb contains information that can be used in various prosthetic applications including prosthetic control and prosthetic fitting. The interface pressure is often obtained using force sensitive resistors (FSRs). However, as reported by multiple studies, accuracies of the FSR-based pressure sensing systems decrease when sensors are bent to be positioned on a limb. This study proposes the use of regression-based methods for sensor calibration to address this problem. A sensor matrix was placed in a pressure chamber as the pressure was increased and decreased in a cyclic manner. Sensors’ responses were assessed when the matrix was placed on a flat surface or on one of five curved surfaces with various curvatures. Three regression algorithms, namely linear regression (LR), general regression neural network (GRNN), and random forest (RF), were assessed. GRNN was selected due to its performance. Various error compensation methods using GRNN were investigated and compared to improve instability of sensors’ responses. All methods showed improvements in results compared to the baseline. Developing a different model for each of the curvatures yielded the best results. This study proved the feasibility of using regression-based error compensation methods to improve the accuracy of mapping sensor readings to pressure values. This can improve the overall accuracy of FSR-based sensory systems used in prosthetic applications.
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Zhang, Xuefeng, Sheng Chang, and Zhixue Tong. "Facile Fabrication of a Highly Sensitive and Robust Flexible Pressure Sensor with Batten Microstructures." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (July 23, 2022): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081164.
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As the foremost component of wearable devices, flexible pressure sensors require high sensitivity, wide operating ranges, and great stability. In this paper, a pressure sensor comprising a regular batten microstructure active layer is presented. First, the influences of the dimensional parameters of the microstructures on the performances of the sensors were investigated by the mechanical finite element method (FEM). Then, parameters were optimized and determined based on the results of this investigation. Next, active layers were prepared by molding multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyurethane (MWCNT/PU) conductive composite using a printed circuit board template. Finally, a resistive flexible pressure sensor was fabricated by combining an active layer and an interdigital electrode. With advantages in terms of the structure and materials, the sensor exhibited a sensitivity of up to 46.66 kPa−1 in the range of 0–1.5 kPa and up to 6.67 kPa−1 in the range of 1.5–7.5 kPa. The results of the experiments show that the designed flexible pressure sensor can accurately measure small pressures and realize real-time human physiological monitoring. Furthermore, the preparation method has the advantages of a low cost, simple design, and high consistency. Thus, it has potential to promote the development of flexible sensors, wearable devices, and other related devices.
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Cheng, Lixia, Xiaojian Hao, Guochang Liu, Wendong Zhang, Jiangong Cui, Guojun Zhang, Yuhua Yang, and Renxin Wang. "A Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Silicon Nanomembrane." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010131.
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With advances in new materials and technologies, there has been increasing research focused on flexible sensors. However, in most flexible pressure sensors made using new materials, it is challenging to achieve high detection sensitivity across a wide pressure range. Although traditional silicon-based sensors have good performance, they are not formable and, because of their rigidity and brittleness, they are not suitable for fitting with soft human skin, which limits their application in wearable devices to collect various signals. Silicon nanomembranes are ultra-thin, flexible materials with excellent piezoresistive properties, and they can be applied in various fields, such as in soft robots and flexible devices. In this study, we developed a flexible pressure sensor based on the use of silicon nanomembranes (with a thickness of only 340 nm) as piezoresistive units, which were transferred onto a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The flexible pressure sensor operated normally in the range of 0–200 kPa, and the sensitivity of the sensor reached 0.0185 kPa−1 in the low-pressure range of 0–5 kPa. In the high-pressure range of 5–200 kPa, the sensitivity of the sensor was maintained at 0.0023 kPa−1. The proposed sensor exhibited a fast response and excellent long-term stability and could recognize human movements, such as the bending of fingers and wrist joints, while maintaining a stable output. Thus, the developed flexible pressure sensor has promising applications in body monitoring and wearable devices.
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Zheng, Anbo, Yuxiang Qin, Xueshuo Zhang, Qing Xia, Xin Xu, and Chenxiang Bai. "Tentacled snakes-inspired flexible pressure sensor for pain sensation monitoring." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 4 (February 22, 2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac5454.
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Abstract Exploration of flexible tactile sensors with high sensitivity that can imitate the perception functions (tactile sensing and pain sensing) of human skin is the main force in the realization of electronic skin. The research of electronic skin with the function of pain perception is of great significance in the field of biomimetic robot and treatment of patients losing the pain sensation ability of their skin. Herein, to broaden the application field of traditional electronic skin, we demonstrate a biomimetic and highly sensitive tactile sensor for realization of sensory functionalities of human skin. The structure of our sensor mimics the surface of the tentacles of tentacled snakes, which are strikingly sensitive mechanoreceptors. We design a tentacle-inspired flexible sensor by sandwiching the convex dielectric layer of PDMS/MXene microarrays between two flexible electrodes. It is found that the bioinspired sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 3.61 kPa−1, a fast response time of 29 ms and a satisfactory stability, ensuring the ability in monitoring physiological signals. Finally, we present the application of the sensor for finger bending, international Morse code detection, and artery pulse detection. By presetting the pain thresholds of different areas of skin in a program, the sensor can identify and distinguish pressure data that exceed the pain threshold, realizing the detection of pain. In addition, it can be further applied on robot skins to assess the risk level of the working environment by monitoring its pressure data.
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Shen, Yue, Ling-Tan Zhang, Shi-Li Cui, Li-Min Sheng, Lin Li, and Yi-Nao Su. "Delay Pressure Detection Method to Eliminate Pump Pressure Interference on the Downhole Mud Pressure Signals." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/797549.
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The feasibility of applying delay pressure detection method to eliminate mud pump pressure interference on the downhole mud pressure signals is studied. Two pressure sensors mounted on the mud pipe in some distance apart are provided to detect the downhole mud continuous pressure wave signals on the surface according to the delayed time produced by mud pressure wave transmitting between the two sensors. A mathematical model of delay pressure detection is built by analysis of transmission path between mud pump pressure interference and downhole mud pressure signals. Considering pressure signal transmission characteristics of the mud pipe, a mathematical model of ideal low-pass filter for limited frequency band signal is introduced to study the pole frequency impact on the signal reconstruction and the constraints of pressure sensor distance are obtained by pole frequencies analysis. Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation show that the method can effectively eliminate mud pump pressure interference and the downhole mud continuous pressure wave signals can be reconstructed successfully with a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the condition of satisfying the constraints of pressure sensor distance.
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Qi, Yonghong, Minghui Zhao, Bo Li, Ziming Ren, Bing Li, and Xueyong Wei. "A Compact Optical MEMS Pressure Sensor Based on Fabry–Pérot Interference." Sensors 22, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051973.
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Pressure sensors have important prospects in wind pressure monitoring of transmission line towers. Optical pressure sensors are more suitable for transmission line towers due to its anti-electromagnetic interference. However, the fiber pressure sensor is not a suitable choice due to expensive and bulky. In this paper, a compact optical Fabry–Pérot (FP) pressure sensor for wind pressure measurement was developed by MEMS technology. The pressure sensor consists of a MEMS sensing chip, a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (Vcsel), and a photodiode (PD). The sensing chip is combined with an FP cavity and a pressure sensing diaphragm which adopts the square film and is fabricated by Silicon on Insulator (SOI) wafer. To calibrate the pressure sensor, the experimental platform which consists of a digital pressure gauge, a pressure loading machine, a digital multimeter, and a laser driver was set up. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the diaphragm is 117.5 nm/kPa. The measurement range and sensitivity of the pressure sensor are 0–700 Pa and 115 nA/kPa, respectively. The nonlinearity, repeatability, and hysteresis of the pressure sensor are 1.48%FS, 2.23%FS, and 1.59%FS, respectively, which lead to the pressure accuracy of 3.12%FS.
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Osswald, Elena, Helder Carvalho, Isabel Cabral, António Pedro Souto, and Ana Cunha. "Flexible Textile Printed Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors." Solid State Phenomena 333 (June 10, 2022): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-m88hj3.
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The combination of sensor technology and textiles substantially extends the range of textile applications. Smart textiles, especially clothing, might increasingly be equipped with pressure sensors. They could be used in the sports or health sector to measure body activities or other activities which are close to the body. Therefore, it is essential to develop flexible sensors which allow to adapt to the properties of textile materials which are in contact with the body or surrounding it. In this paper a pressure sensor based on piezoresistive ink and conductive fabric with high flexibility is reported. Preliminary pressure sensors have been fabricated and tested on a universal testing machine. The sensors show to be functional, but also showing some aspects to improve, such as its hysteretic behaviour.
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Park, Jongwon. "Optical Glucose Sensor Using Pressure Sensitive Paint." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 4474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134474.
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A glucose sensor is used as an essential tool for diagnosing and treating diabetic patients and controlling processes during cell culture. Since the development of an electrochemical-based glucose sensor, an optical glucose sensor has been devised to overcome its shortcomings, but this also poses a problem because it requires a complicated manufacturing process. This study aimed to develop an optical glucose sensor film that could be fabricated with a simple process using commercial pressure sensitive paints. The sensor manufacturing technology developed in this work could simplify the complex production process of the existing electrochemical or optical glucose sensors. In addition, a photometric method for glucose concentration analysis was developed using the color image of the sensor. By developing this sensor and analysis technology, the basis for glucose measurement was established that enables two-dimensional, online, and continuous measurement. The proposed sensor showed good linearity at 0–4 mM glucose in an aqueous sample solution, its limit of detection was 0.37 mM, and the response time was 2 min.