Journal articles: 'Pressure head'

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García-Madrid, Marta, Yolanda García-Álvarez, Francisco Javier Álvaro-Afonso, Esther García-Morales, Aroa Tardáguila-García, and José Luis Lázaro-Martínez. "Analysis of Plantar Pressure Pattern after Metatarsal Head Resection. Can Plantar Pressure Predict Diabetic Foot Reulceration?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112260.

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To evaluate the metatarsal head that was associated with the highest plantar pressure after metatarsal head resection (MHR) and the relations with reulceration at one year, a prospective was conducted with a total of sixty-five patients with diabetes who suffered from the first MHR and with an inactive ulcer at the moment of inclusion. Peak plantar pressure and pressure time integral were recorded at five specific locations in the forefoot: first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal heads. The highest value of the four remaining metatarsals was selected. After resection of the first metatarsal head, there is a displacement of the pressure beneath the second metatarsal head (p < 0.001). Following the resection of the minor metatarsal bones, there was a medial displacement of the plantar pressure. In this way, plantar pressure was displaced under the first metatarsal head following resection of the second or third head (p = 0.001) and under the central heads after resection of the fourth or fifth metatarsal head (p < 0.009 and p < 0.001 respectively). During the one-year follow-up, patients who underwent a metatarsal head resection in the first and second metatarsal heads suffered transfer lesion in the location with the highest pressure. Patients who underwent a minor metatarsal head resection (second–fifth metatarsal heads) showed a medial transference of pressure. Additionally, following the resection of the first metatarsal head there was a transference of pressure beneath the second metatarsal head. Increase of pressure was found to be a predictor of reulceration in cases of resection of the first and second metatarsal heads.

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Lyons, T. D., and S. Simons. "HEAD PRESSURE-SOCCER." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, Supplement 1 (May 2003): S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-01108.

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Graff-Radford, Steven B., and Wouter I. Schievink. "High-Pressure Headaches, Low-Pressure Syndromes, and CSF Leaks: Diagnosis and Management." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 54, no. 2 (January 16, 2014): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12283.

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Wang, Ning, Hong Qi Liu, and Shan Tung Tu. "Elastoplastic Analysis of Novel Parabola-Arc-Shaped Head for Internal Pressure Vessel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.352.

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In this paper, the elastoplastic stress analysis of a novel parabola-arc-shaped head subjected to internal pressure has been carried out using finite element method. Limit loads and burst pressures are obtained for various geometric parameters and compared with the conventional torispherical and ellipsoidal heads. For the same middle diameter and thickness, the novel parabola-arc-shaped head shows better mechanical performance than the torispherical head. The burst pressure is mainly determined by the size of cylinder and the burst always occurs in cylinder. The head can improve the burst load when the cylinder is relatively short. The improvement of the novel parabola-arc-shaped head is almost the same as the ellipsoidal head, while the torispherical head is slightly inferior. As the novel parabola-arc-shaped head can be more easily formed with less material consumed compared to the conventional ones, it should thus be applicable in engineering practice.

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Rosner, Michael J., and Irene B. Coley. "Cerebral perfusion pressure, intracranial pressure, and head elevation." Journal of Neurosurgery 65, no. 5 (November 1986): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.65.5.0636.

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✓ Previous investigations have suggested that intracranial pressure waves may be induced by reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Since pressure waves were noted to be more common in patients with their head elevated at a standard 20° to 30°, CPP was studied as a function of head position and its effect upon intracranial pressure (ICP). In 18 patients with varying degrees of intracranial hypertension, systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP) was monitored at the level of both the head and the heart. Intracranial pressure and central venous pressure were assessed at every 10° of head elevation from 0° to 50°. For every 10° of head elevation, the average ICP decreased by 1 mm Hg associated with a reduction of 2 to 3 mm Hg CPP. The CPP was not beneficially affected by any degree of head elevation. Maximal CPP (73 ± 3.4 mm Hg (mean ± standard error of the mean)) always occurred with the head in a horizontal position. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure waves occurred in four of the 18 patients studied as a function of reduced CPP caused by head elevation alone. Thus, elevation of the head of the bed was associated with the development of CPP decrements in all cases, and it precipitated pressure waves in some. In 15 of the 18 patients, CPP was maintained by spontaneous 10- to 20-mm Hg increases in SABP, and pressure waves did not occur if CPP was maintained at 70 to 75 mm Hg or above. It is concluded that 0° head elevation maximizes CPP and reduces the severity and frequency of pressure-wave occurrence. If the head of the bed is to be elevated, then adequate hydration and avoidance of pharmacological agents that reduce SABP or prevent its rise are required to maximize CPP.

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Su, Jun, and Xiao Jing Li. "Design Method for Sealing Head of Internal Pressure Vessels in Chemical Industry." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.17.

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As an important apparatus of pressure vessel, sealing head, has an important role in petroleum industry, chemical industry and atomic energy industry. Sealing head of internal pressure vessels can be divided into three main types, which are convex head, conical needles head, flat head, respectively. Different heads have different calculating method to get the basic parameters and the most design formula of heads are established on the basis of membrane of the stress, and add the stress enhancement factor into the formula for the stress of the edge.therefore. In this study, the author have listed the calculating equations of the typical heads. At last, the author puts forward an example of head calculation to demonstrate the design method

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Terada, N., and T. Takeuchi. "Postural changes in venous pressure gradients in anesthetized monkeys." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): H21—H25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.1.h21.

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We examined the hypothesis that head-up and head-down tilt produce a symmetrical hydrostatic load on the veins. Venous pressure was measured in anesthetized monkeys with a transducer-tipped catheter. Changes in venous pressure gradients during head-up tilt corresponded to changes in hydrostatic load. However, changes in venous pressure gradients during head-down tilt were not symmetrical to those during head-up tilt. During head-down tilt, venous pressure in the superior vena cava rose, venous pressure around the right atrium did not change, and venous pressure in the inferior vena cava on the caudal side of the diaphragm rose considerably. The venous pressure of the inferior vena cava caudal to the renal vein then gradually decreased. The inferior vena cava passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm. Thus, during head-down tilt, the gravitational shift of venous blood is impeded by this anatomic structure, and venous pressure around the hepatic vein increases significantly. These data disproved our hypothesis that head-up and head-down tilt induced symmetrical but opposite influences on vena caval pressures.

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Trachsel, Tina, Christian Balmer, Håkan Wåhlander, Roland Weber, Hitendu Dave, Andrea Poretti, Oliver Kretschmar, and Anna Cavigelli-Brunner. "Does superior caval vein pressure impact head growth in Fontan circulation?" Cardiology in the Young 26, no. 7 (January 15, 2016): 1327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951115002528.

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AbstractBackgroundPatients with bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis have unphysiologically high superior caval vein pressure as it equals pulmonary artery pressure. Elevated superior caval vein pressure may cause communicating hydrocephalus and macrocephaly. This study analysed whether there exists an association between head circumference and superior caval vein pressure in patients with single ventricle physiology.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective analysis of infants undergoing Fontan completion at our institution from 2007 to 2013. Superior caval vein pressures were measured during routine catheterisation before bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis and Fontan completion as well as head circumference, adjusted to longitudinal age-dependent percentiles.ResultsWe included 74 infants in our study. Median ages at bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis and Fontan were 4.8 (1.6–12) and 27.9 (7–40.6) months, respectively. Head circumference showed significant growth from bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis until Fontan completion (7th (0–100th) versus 20th (0–100th) percentile). There was no correlation between superior caval vein pressure and head circumference before Fontan (R2=0.001). Children with lower differences in superior caval vein pressures between pre-bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis and pre-Fontan catheterisations showed increased growth of head circumference (R2=0.19).ConclusionsPatients with moderately elevated superior caval vein pressure associated with single ventricle physiology did not have a tendency to develop macrocephaly. There is no correlation between superior caval vein pressure before Fontan and head circumference, but between bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis and Fontan head circumference increases significantly. This may be explained by catch-up growth of head circumference in patients with more favourable haemodynamics and concomitant venous pressures in the lower range. Further studies with focus on high superior caval vein pressures are needed to exclude or prove a correlation.

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Prata, Tiago S., and Fabio N. Kanadani. "Eye Pressure and Head Position." Ophthalmology 117, no. 11 (November 2010): 2236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.04.026.

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Chang, An-Hsiung, Ziad U. Abu-Faraj, Gerald F. Harris, Joe Nery, and Michael J. Shereff. "Multistep Measurement of Plantar Pressure Alterations Using Metatarsal Pads." Foot & Ankle International 15, no. 12 (December 1994): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079401501205.

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Metatarsal pads are frequently prescribed for nonoperative management of metatarsalgia due to various etiologies. When appropriately placed, they are effective in reducing pressures under the metatarsal heads on the plantar surface of the foot. Despite the positive clinical reports that have been cited, there are no quantitative studies documenting the load redistribution effects of these pads during multiple step usage within the shoe environment. The objective of this study was to assess changes in plantar pressure metrics resulting from pad use. Ten normal adult male subjects were tested during a series of 400-step trials. Pressures were recorded from eight discrete plantar locations at the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot regions of the insole. Significant increases in peak pressures, contact durations, and pressure-time integrals were noted at the metatarsal shaft region with pad use ( P ≤ .05). Statistically significant changes in metric values were not seen at the other plantar locations, although metatarsal pad use resulted in mild decreases in mean peak pressures at the first and second metatarsal heads and slight increases laterally. Contact durations decreased at all metatarsal head locations, while pressure-time integrals decreased at the first, second, third, and fourth metatarsal heads. A slight increase in pressure-time integrals was seen at the fifth metatarsal head. The redistribution of plantar pressures tended to relate not only to the dimensions of the metatarsal pads, but also to foot size, anatomic foot configuration, and pad location. Knowledge of these parameters, along with careful control of pad dimensions and placement, allows use of the metatarsal pad as an effective orthotic device for redistributing forefoot plantar pressures.

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Iwase, Kazuhiro, Tetsuto Takao, Hirotoshi Watanabe, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Tetsuo Kido, Noritusugu Ogawa, Norio Ono, and Hiroshi Yoshitake. "Intra-Abdominal Venous Pressure During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy." HPB Surgery 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/13689.

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Superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) pressures were measured serially during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in which the intra-abdominal pressure was maintained at 12mmHg. The influences of alteration of position from 15 degrees head-down to 15 degrees head-up and of the operative procedure of holding the gallbladder up to the right subphrenic space on SVC and IVC pressures were mild. IVC pressure was maintained almost equal to the intra-abdominal pressure during prolonged continuous pneumoperitoneum lasting longer than 60min, while SVC pressure did not change significantly during operation. The discrepancy between SVC and IVC pressures underwent no change during continuous pneumoperitoneum.

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Kalnins, A., and D. P. Updike. "Shakedown of Torispherical Heads Using Plastic Analysis." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842355.

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The condition of shakedown is examined for torispherical heads. The reason for using plastic analysis is to account for the strengthening that heads experience when subjected to internal pressure. Cyclic pressures are considered up to an allowable burst pressure that is based on the membrane stresses of the spherical part of the head. To simulate a proof test before service cycling, cases when the applied pressure is higher for the first cycle are also included. A definition of shakedown is used that places the limit of twice the yield strength on a fatigue stress parameter range that is defined in the paper. The equivalent stress and plastic strain ranges are calculated for ten head thickness-to-spherical radius ratios. From these data, shakedown pressures are obtained as fractions of the allowable burst pressure. By giving bounds for isotropic and kinematic strain-hardening models, the results are made independent from specific cyclic material behavior. It is also shown that if an elastic, geometrically linear algorithm is used, which is unable to account for the strengthening, the fatigue stress parameter range is overestimated for the thinner heads.

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Hill, J., W. Allans, D. Malhan, and E. D. Williams. "Pressure exerted by head bandages used in otological surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, no. 12 (December 1993): 1110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100125423.

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he pressure exerted by head bandages at the operation site following ear surgery was measured using a balloon catheter and pressure transducer. The initial pressures achieved, their diminution with time and the relationship of pressure to the induction of headache in the patient were studied.The principal findings were that the standard otological head bandage is rarely tight enough to prevent haematoma formation, bandages have lost their efficacy after the first hour and headaches are associated with a significantly higher initial bandage pressure.

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Hamedani, Ali G., Kailyn F. R. Witonsky, Mahgenn Cosico, Robert Rennie, Riu Xiao, Claire A. Sheldon, Grace L. Paley, et al. "Headache Characteristics in Children With Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome, Elevated Opening Pressure Without Papilledema, and Normal Opening Pressure: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 58, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13362.

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Tepper, Stewart J. "Editorial: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Low CSF Pressure Headaches." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 54, no. 2 (February 2014): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12285.

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Evans, Randolph W., Adam Garibay, and Rod Foroozan. "Pourfour du Petit Syndrome Associated With Right Eye Pressure." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 57, no. 6 (March 13, 2017): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13059.

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de Rooij, G. H. "Thermodynamics of the hydraulic head, pressure head, and gravitational head in subsurface hydrology, and principles for their spatial averaging." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (May 9, 2008): 1137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-1137-2008.

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Abstract. In order to establish a thermodynamic justification of the theoretical relationship between the hydraulic, pressure/matric, and gravitational head in subsurface hydrology, the thermodynamic literature pertaining to subsurface flow processes is reviewed. The incompressibility of liquids negates a thermodynamic definition of pressure, which gives rise to several inconsistencies in pore scale theories. At larger scales, the gravitational potential and fluid pressure are treated as additive potentials. This superposition principle is replicated in the well-established relationship between the various heads according to subsurface hydrological theory. The necessary requirement that the superposition be maintained across scales is combined with conservation of energy during volume integration to establish consistent upscaling equations for the various heads. The power of these upscaling equations is demonstrated by the derivation of an upscaled water content-matric head relationship and the resolution of an apparent paradox reported in the literature that is shown to have arisen from a violation of the superposition principle.

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Maset, Angelo L., Anthony Marmarou, John D. Ward, Sung Choi, Harry A. Lutz, Danny Brooks, Richard J. Moulton, et al. "Pressure-volume index in head injury." Journal of Neurosurgery 67, no. 6 (December 1987): 832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.6.0832.

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✓ The authors studied intracranial pressure (ICP) and intracranial compliance as defined by the pressure-volume index (PVI) in 34 severely head-injured patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less. The objective of the research was to determine if there was a correlation between the pressure-volume status and subsequent increase in ICP. The PVI and ICP measurements were obtained serially, and the temporal course of the pressure-volume status and ICP was determined during the 5-day period following injury. Aggressiveness of ICP was quantified by a therapy intensity level scale. A clear relationship between the PVI measured soon after injury and subsequent development of ICP emerged. Following mechanical trauma the PVI is reduced, and the degree of reduction and extent of biomechanical recovery are closely related to outcome and development of raised ICP.

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Timcke, Jürgen H., and A. G. Allweiler. "Investigations of static pressure head profiles." World Pumps 1995, no. 350 (November 1995): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(99)81106-7.

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Kashkouli, Mohsen Bahmani, Behzad Khademi, Reza Erfanian-Salim, Bahram Eshraghi, Nasser Karimi, and Meysam Maleki. "Pressure ulcer following circumferential head dressing." Orbit 39, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01676830.2020.1719521.

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Mitchell, P., B. A. Gregson, I. Piper, G. Citerio, A. D. Mendelow, and I. R. Chambers. "Blood pressure in head-injured patients." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 78, no. 4 (October 3, 2006): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2006.100172.

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D'Annucci, F., G. Bäro, and A. Assice. "Inspections of pressure vessel head penetrations." Nuclear Engineering and Design 159, no. 2-3 (November 1995): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(95)01078-v.

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Shuster, Melanie Horbal, L. Kathleen Sekula, John C. Kern, and Jorge A. Vazquez. "Measuring Intrabladder Pressure With the Head of the Bed Elevated 30º: Evidence to Support a Change in Practice." American Journal of Critical Care 20, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): e80-e89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2011744.

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Background A 30° head-of-bed elevation is recommended for most critically ill patients. Measuring intrabladder pressure with the patient in this position is controversial. Objective To assess the feasibility of measuring intrabladder pressure with a 30° head-of-bed elevation. Methods A prospective, randomized, and experimental study. Patients had intrabladder pressure measured first while positioned supine with a 30° head-of-bed elevation and 25 mL of saline instilled into the bladder and again after the patients were randomly repositioned to supine without any head-of-bed elevation (flat) or with a 30° head-of-bed elevation while supine or in right lateral or left lateral position with either 25, 50, or 200 mL of saline instilled into the patient’s bladder. Results Intrabladder pressures measured with the patient in all 3 head-of-bed elevated positions were higher than pressures measured with patients supine and flat after instillation of 25 mL of saline into the bladder, but intrabladder pressure did not differ between the 30° head-of-bed elevated positions and the supine and flat positions when 50 or 200 mL of saline was instilled into the bladder. Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant interaction between volume of saline instilled (P = .05), patient’s position (P = .007), and bladder instill volume and position interaction (P = .004). Conclusion It is feasible to measure intrabladder pressure with a 30° head-of-bed elevation, and that position could be an alternative to supine positioning of patients for measurement of intrabladder pressure.

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Szada-Borzyszkowska, Monika, Wojciech Kacalak, Dariusz Lipiński, and Błażej Bałasz. "Analysis of the Erosivity of High-Pressure Pulsating Water Jets Produced in the Self-Excited Drill Head." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154165.

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The dynamic impact of a water jet with a periodically changing structure can be used in various industries. The paper presents a design solution for a self-excited pulse head. This head can be used in mining for drilling holes and breaking rocks. The design of the head was developed based on computer simulations, which made it possible to learn the mechanism of impulse shaping inside the head. Tests of the water jet produced in the self-excited pulsation head showed the occurrence of periodic changes in its internal structure and pulsation frequency. A significant increase in the dynamic stream pressures was demonstrated for the head working in the water environment compared to the head working in the air environment For example, for nominal medium and highest pressures, this increase is up to 82%, while for the lowest pressures (10 MPa), the pressure force values increase by 46%. It was found that an increase in the nominal water pressure causes a decrease in the frequency of hydrodynamic pulses in the head operating in both the water and air environment.

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Goli, Amin, Javad Khazaei, and Shahriar Kouravand. "Studying and examining the acceleration and air flow pressure in wheat head stripper." International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering 06, no. 01 (June 4, 2019): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajse/v6i1/1910007.

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Mokri, Bahram. "Spontaneous Low Pressure, Low CSF Volume Headaches: Spontaneous CSF Leaks." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 53, no. 7 (June 28, 2013): 1034–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12149.

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Williams, A., and SM Coyne. "Effects of neck position on intracranial pressure." American Journal of Critical Care 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1993.2.1.68.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of four nonneutral neck positions on intracranial pressure. DESIGN: An alternating treatment design was used to investigate the effect on intracranial pressure of rotation of the head to the left and right, neck flexion and neck extension. Each experimental position was separated by a neutral recovery period. SETTING: Neurological intensive care units in two tertiary care centers in the southwestern United States. SUBJECTS: Ten patients whose intracranial pressure was being therapeutically monitored but who were not experiencing prolonged periods of elevated intracranial pressure. PROCEDURE: Each neck position was maintained manually by the research staff for 5 minutes. Intracranial pressure was recorded at 1-minute intervals throughout the 45-minute data collection period. RESULTS: Rotating the head to the right and left and placing the neck in flexion resulted in significantly higher intracranial pressure readings than the baseline neutral neck position or positioning the neck in extension. The highest individual intracranial pressures always occurred with the head and neck rotated or in flexion. CONCLUSIONS: These data support previous studies that indicated that a patient at risk for pathological increase in intracranial pressure should not be positioned with the neck in flexion or the head turned to either side.

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Komasawa, Nobuyasu, Ryosuke Mihara, Kentaro Imagawa, Kazuo Hattori, and Toshiaki Minami. "Comparison of Pressure Changes by Head and Neck Position between High-Volume Low-Pressure and Taper-Shaped Cuffs: A Randomized Controlled Trial." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/386080.

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The present study compared changes in cuff pressure by head and neck position between high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) and taper-shaped (taper) cuffs in a prospective randomized clinical trial.Methods. Forty patients were intubated using tracheal tubes with either HVLP (n=20; HVLP group) or taper-shaped (n=20; Taper group) cuffs. Initial cuff pressure was adjusted to 15, 20, or 25 cmH2O in the neutral position. Cuff pressure was evaluated after changing the head and neck positions to flexion, extension, and rotation.Results. Cuff pressure significantly increased with flexion in both HVLP and Taper groups at all initial cuff pressures. It significantly increased with extension in the HVLP group, but not in the Taper group. Cuff pressure did not significantly differ with rotation in either group and was significantly smaller in the Taper group during flexion and extension than in the HVLP group, regardless of initial cuff pressure.Conclusion. Cuff pressure changes with head and neck flexion and extension were smaller in the Taper group than in the HVLP group. Our results highlight the potential for taper cuffs to prevent excessive cuff pressure increases with positional changes in the head and neck. This trial is registered withUMIN000016119.

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Weijers, René E., Geert H. I. M. Walenkamp, Henk van Mameren, and Alphons G. H. Kessels. "The Relationship of the Position of the Metatarsal Heads and Peak Plantar Pressure." Foot & Ankle International 24, no. 4 (April 2003): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070302400408.

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We test the premise that peak plantar pressure is located directly under the bony prominences in the forefoot region. The right foot of standing volunteers was examined in three different postures by a CT-scanner. The plantar pressure distribution was simultaneously recorded. The position of the metatarsal heads and the sesamoids could be related to the corresponding local peak plantar pressures. The metatarsal heads 1, 4, and 5 had a significantly different position than the local peak plantar pressures. The average difference in distance between the position of the metatarsal heads and the peak plantar pressure showed a significant correlation: on the medial side the head was located more distally to the local peak plantar pressure, on the lateral side more proximally. The findings suggest that normal plantar soft tissue is able to deflect a load. The observations might improve insight into the function of the normal forefoot and might direct further research on the pathological forefoot and on the design of footwear.

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Feldman, Zeev, Malcolm J. Kanter, Claudia S. Robertson, Charles F. Contant, Christopher Hayes, Michael A. Sheinberg, Cynthia A. Villareal, Raj K. Narayan, and Robert G. Grossman. "Effect of head elevation on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral blood flow in head-injured patients." Journal of Neurosurgery 76, no. 2 (February 1992): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.76.2.0207.

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✓ The traditional practice of elevating the head in order to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) in head-injured patients has been challenged in recent years. Some investigators argue that patients with intracranial hypertension should be placed in a horizontal position, the rationale being that this will increase the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and thereby improve cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, ICP is generally significantly higher when the patient is in the horizontal position. This study was undertaken to clarify the issue of optimal head position in the care of head-injured patients. The effect of 0° and 30° head elevation on ICP, CPP, CBF, mean carotid pressure, and other cerebral and systemic physiological parameters was studied in 22 head-injured patients. The mean carotid pressure was significantly lower when the patient's head was elevated at 30° than at 0° (84.3 ± 14.5 mm Hg vs. 89.5 ± 14.6 mm Hg), as was the mean ICP (14.1 ± 6.7 mm Hg vs. 19.7 ± 8.3 mm Hg). There was no statistically significant change in CPP, CBF, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, arteriovenous difference of lactate, or cerebrovascular resistance associated with the change in head position. The data indicate that head elevation to 30° significantly reduced ICP in the majority of the 22 patients without reducing CPP or CBF.

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Van Gheluwe, Bart, Howard J. Dananberg, Friso Hagman, and Kerstin Vanstaen. "Effects of Hallux Limitus on Plantar Foot Pressure and Foot Kinematics During Walking." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0960428.

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The effects of hallux limitus on plantar foot pressure and foot kinematics have received limited attention in the literature. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the effects of limited first metatarsophalangeal joint mobility on plantar foot pressure. It was equally important to identify detection criteria based on plantar pressures and metatarsophalangeal joint kinematics, enabling differentiation between subjects affected by hallux limitus and people with normal hallux function. To further our understanding of the relation between midtarsal collapse and hallux limitus, kinematic variables relating to midtarsal pronation were also included in the study. Two populations of 19 subjects each, one with hallux limitus and the other free of functional abnormalities, were asked to walk at their preferred speed while plantar foot pressures were recorded along with three-dimensional foot kinematics. The presence of hallux limitus, structural or functional, caused peak plantar pressure under the hallux to build up significantly more and at a faster rate than under the first metatarsal head. Additional discriminators for hallux limitus were peak dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, time to this peak value, peak pressure ratios of the first metatarsal head and the more lateral metatarsal heads, and time to maximal pressure under the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads. Finally, in approximately 20% of the subjects, with and without hallux limitus, midtarsal pronation occurred after heel lift, validating the claim that retrograde midtarsal pronation does occur. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(5): 428–436, 2006)

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Jiang, Xiaojin, Enheng Wang, Xiangwei Chen, Xiangyou Xia, and Changting Shi. "Field study on macropore flow in typical Black soils of northeast China." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 3 (March 2012): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-041.

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Jiang, X., Wang, E., Chen, X., Xia, X. and Shi, C. 2012. Field study on macropore flow in typical Black soils of northeast China. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 559–566. Macropores are important preferential pathways for the transport of water and contaminants in soil. A series of hood infiltration experiments were conducted using dye tracers (Brilliant Blue FCF) at pressure heads of −5.0 cm, −3.0 cm, and −1.0 cm at a conventional tilled site on Keshan Farm, northeast China. The study objective was to combine the test method of dye tracing with a hood infiltrometer to analyze soil subjected to conventional tillage methods. Dye staining patterns and macroporous networks were analyzed by excavation, mapping, photography, and image analysis. Results showed that macropore flow began very near the soil surface under three pressures heads of −5.0 cm, −3.0 cm and −1.0 cm, and that a pressure head of −1.0 cm resulted in more lateral flow. Soil deeper than 40.0 cm was less disturbed, which resulted in good continuity. At pressure heads of −5.0, −3.0 and −1.0 cm, the dye staining technique resulted in maximum stained depths of 74.3, 60.7 and 64.7 cm, respectively, with maximum stained widths of 41.6, 41.5 and 47.9 cm, respectively (at depths from 14.0 to 28.0 cm). Soil under a pressure head of −1.0 cm had the highest initial and steady infiltration rates of 13.0 and 4.1 mm min−1, respectively. Soil under a pressure head of −5.0 cm showed the most connectivity. To distinguish the macropores from the interaction area of macropore flow and the soil matrix surrounding the macropores, the stained area was separated into different classes based on dye color.

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Lenius, Kerry, Julie Stierwalt, Leonard L. LaPointe, Michelle Bourgeois, Giselle Carnaby, and Michael Crary. "Effects of Lingual Effort on Swallow Pressures Following Radiation Treatment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58, no. 3 (June 2015): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-14-0210.

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Purpose This article investigated the effects of increased oral lingual pressure on pharyngeal pressures during swallowing in patients who have undergone radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. It was hypothesized that increased oral lingual pressure would result in increased pharyngeal pressures. Method A within-subject experimental design was used with 20 participants who were status post external beam radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Participants completed typical swallows and swallows with increased lingual force during manofluoroscopic swallow studies. The swallow condition order was randomized across participants. Results Manometric data revealed significant differences in swallow pressure by condition at the base of tongue and upper esophageal sphincter sensor locations without significant pressure differences in the lower pharynx. The effortful lingual swallows resulted in higher mean pressures at all locations. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that use of a maneuver designed to increase oral tongue effort can also increase pharyngeal tongue base pressure. Therefore, therapeutic activities used to generate greater pressure of the oral tongue may also alter pharyngeal response. Further research is needed to determine the direct clinical effect on swallow function for individuals with head and neck cancer.

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Vučajnk, Filip, Stanislav Trdan, Iztok Jože Košir, Miha Ocvirk, Mihovil Šantić, Metka Žerjav, Igor Šantavec, Rajko Bernik, and Matej Vidrih. "The Influence of the Spraying Pressure of an Injector Asymmetric Double Nozzle with Variable Flow on Head Fungicide Coverage, Yield, Grain Quality, and Deoxynivalenol Content in Winter Wheat." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010043.

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Spraying parameters are important factors when spraying wheat heads against fusarium head blight (FHB) to control the deoxynivalenol level in the grain and to obtain high and quality yields. In 2019 and 2020, field trials were conducted in order to establish the effect of the spraying pressure (2 bar, 4 bar, and 6 bar) of special nozzles with a variable flow rate Agrotop VR 1.5 on the head fungicide coverage, yield parameters, and the deoxynivalenol (DON) value in the grain. The coverage of the front and rear sides of wheat heads increased with the increase of spraying pressure from 2 to 6 bar. In 2019, when the infection with FHB was more severe, no significant differences appeared in the yield and the hectoliter weight at a lower spraying pressure, while the DON value at this pressure approached the maximum permissible level. In that year, the DON value exponentially fell with the increase of spraying pressure. In 2019, the thousand grain weight was higher at the spraying pressure of 6 bar than at the pressures of 2 and 4 bar. The results show that also a lower spraying pressure (2 bar) and a volume application rate (117 L/ha) below the recommended one suffice to retain the DON value in the grain below the maximum permissible level, even in years with more severe infection.

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Francel, Paul C., F. Alan Stevens, Paul Tompkins, and Michael Pollay. "The importance of shunt valve position in flow characteristics of the Medtronic PS Medical Delta valve." Neurosurgical Focus 7, no. 5 (November 1999): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1999.7.5.10.

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This study was conducted to document the extent to which flow depends on valve position in relation to head-pressure reference. Medtronic PS Medical Delta valves (contour model, performance levels 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) were studied in a bench test designed to evaluate flow rates with respect to valve position in relation to the head-pressure reference postion. The valves were connected to an “infinite” reservoir by the standard inlet catheter. An initial head (proximal) pressure was selected for each valve based on package insert data. The position of the inlet catheter tip was fixed at this starting head pressure, thus making the inlet catheter tip position the reference for relative head pressures on the valve assembly. When the valve body is positioned above this level, the effective head pressure is lowered, and when the valve body is positioned below this level, the effective head pressure is raised. Flow was established with the siphon control portion of the valve body located on the same horizontal level as the inlet catheter tip (the reference head pressure or “0” position). A standard silastic catheter was attached to the outlet of the valve, and its length was fixed at 50 cm for all valves (-50 cm H20). The distal end of the outlet catheter was connected to a fraction collector, and 1-minute samples (five replicates) were collected for gravimetric determination of flow rate. The valve assembly was then moved in 1-cm increments through the range of 4 cm above to 8 cm below the head-pressure reference position. Samples were collected from each position (4 cm to -8 cm) relative to the inlet catheter tip. Flow rate, in milliliters/hour, was plotted against both relative position (4 cm to -8 cm) and absolute head pressure (in centimeters of water). Each of the valves tested was shown to have a linear relationship between flow and position relative to the inlet catheter tip (or absolute head pressure). The average increase in flow per centimeter of displacement of valve from catheter tip was 16.5 ml/hr/cm (range 14.4-17.6 ml/hr/cm). Once the inlet catheter tip is fixed in position, it serves as a pressure reference. Movement of the valve above this level results in a net decrease in effective head pressure, and movement below this position results in a net increase in effective head pressure. Thus, the positioning of shunt valves in locations different from this pressure reference position should be performed only with the knowledge that significant increases in outflow rate may occur when the valve body is positioned lower than the inlet catheter tip. This increase in outflow rate is not the result of siphoning or a defect in the antisiphon device but instead the result of a net increase in effective head pressure.

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CAI, ZHIHUA, YUN XIA, and XINGYUAN HUANG. "ANALYSES OF PEDESTRIAN’S HEAD-TO-WINDSHIELD IMPACT BIOMECHANICAL RESPONSES AND HEAD INJURIES USING A HEAD FINITE ELEMENT MODEL." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 01 (August 30, 2019): 1950063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419500635.

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Head injuries in the vehicle crashes or pedestrian accidents can usually cause death or permanent disabilities, and head injuries resulting from the impact of car windshields remain a major problem. Anatomically, more realistic head models are required to more accurately document and evaluate the head-to-windshield impact responses and head injuries. The current study developed a head finite element model and carried out various simulations to investigate the head-to-windshield impact biomechanical responses and assess the head injuries. First, a 50th percentile three-dimensional finite element head model was developed and validated by using previously published cadaver experimental data. Then, the biomechanical responses were predicted under a head-to-windshield impact at different impact velocities (10, 12, and15[Formula: see text]m/s) and different inclination angles of the windshield (35∘, 40∘, and 45∘). Finally, head injuries were investigated through examining various injury parameters. The results indicated that the contact force, the acceleration, the intracranial pressure, the deformation of the skull, and the negative pressure rose when the impact velocity and the inclination angles increased. Thus, the vehicle impact velocity and the inclination angle of the windshield greatly affect the severity of the resulting injuries on pedestrians’ heads, with the severity increasing with the impact velocity and windshield inclination angle.

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Martínez-Nova, Alfonso, Javier Pascual Huerta, and Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez. "Cadence, Age, and Weight as Determinants of Forefoot Plantar Pressures Using the Biofoot In-shoe System." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 98, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0980302.

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Background: We evaluated normal plantar pressures and studied the effect of weight, cadence, and age on forefoot plantar pressures in healthy subjects by using the Biofoot (Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain) in-shoe measurement system. Methods: The feet of 45 healthy subjects with no evident foot or lower-limb diseases were measured with the Biofoot in-shoe system. The forefoot was divided into seven areas: the first through fifth metatarsal heads, the hallux, and the second through fifth lesser toes. Three trials of 8 sec each were recorded twice in each subject, and the mean was used to analyze peak and mean plantar pressures. A multiple regression model including weight, age, and cadence was run for each metatarsal head, the hallux, and the lesser toes. Intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were also calculated to assess reliability. Results: The second metatarsal head had the greatest peak (960 kPa) and mean (585.1 kPa) pressures, followed by the third metatarsal head. Weight and cadence combined explained 18% and 23% of peak plantar pressure at the second and third metatarsal heads, respectively (P < .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient varied from 0.76 to 0.96 for all variables. The coefficient of variation between sessions ranged from 5.8% to 9.0%. Conclusion: The highest peak and mean plantar pressures were found at the second and third metatarsal heads in healthy subjects. Weight, cadence, and age explained a low variability of this pressure pattern. The Biofoot in-shoe system has good reliability to measure plantar pressures. These data will have implications for the understanding of normal foot biomechanics and its determinants. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(4): 302–310, 2008)

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Miki, K., M. R. Klocke, S. K. Hong, and J. A. Krasney. "Interstitial and intravascular pressures in conscious dogs during head-out water immersion." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): R358—R364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.2.r358.

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Water immersion (WI) causes an increase in plasma volume in humans and dogs. To determine the mechanism for this fluid movement, the transmission of external water hydrostatic pressure to the interstitial and vascular compartments was studied in six conscious dogs. Systemic arterial, central venous, peripheral arterial (ulnar artery) and venous (cephalic vein), pleural, intra-abdominal, and interstitial fluid hydrostatic (by Guyton's capsule and wick catheter method) pressures and external reference water pressure were measured at three different levels of WI: 1) extremities only, 2) midchest, and 3) midcervical levels at 37 degrees C. There was a significant linear relationship between interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (X) and external water pressure (Y): (Y = 0.86X + 1.4, r = 0.93 by Guyton's capsule; Y = 0.85X + 2.4, r = 0.93 by wick catheter. However, vascular pressures did not change when dogs were immersed at the level of the extremities. These pressures increased only during WI at the midchest and midcervical levels. Therefore the pressure gradient that develops between the interstitial and intravascular compartments is probably the major reason for the transcapillary fluid shift during WI.

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Groothuis, Jan T., Fleur Poelkens, Constantijn W. Wouters, Miriam Kooijman, and Maria T. E. Hopman. "Leg intravenous pressure during head-up tilt." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 3 (September 2008): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90304.2008.

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Leg vascular resistance is calculated as the arterial-venous pressure gradient divided by blood flow. During orthostatic challenges it is assumed that the hydrostatic pressure contributes equally to leg arterial, as well as to leg venous pressure. Because of venous valves, one may question whether, during orthostatic challenges, a continuous hydrostatic column is formed and if leg venous pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to measure intravenous pressure in the great saphenous vein of 12 healthy individuals during 30° and 70° head-up tilt and compare this with the calculated hydrostatic pressure. The height difference between the heart and the right medial malleolus level represented the hydrostatic column. The results demonstrate that there were no differences between the measured intravenous pressure and the calculated hydrostatic pressure during 30° (47.2 ± 1.0 and 46.9 ± 1.5 mmHg, respectively) and 70° head-up tilt (83.9 ± 0.9 and 85.1 ± 1.2 mmHg, respectively). Steady-state levels of intravenous pressure were reached after 95 ± 12 s during 30° and 161 ± 15 s during 70° head-up tilt. In conclusion, the measured leg venous pressure is similar to the calculated hydrostatic pressure during orthostatic challenges. Therefore, the assumption that hydrostatic pressure contributes equally to leg arterial as well as to leg venous pressure during orthostatic challenges can be made.

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Chen, Z. P., C. L. Yu, J. Y. Zheng, and G. H. Zhu. "Heat-transfer analysis of flat steel ribbon-wound cryogenic high-pressure vessel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1011.

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In the past 40 years, more than 7000 layered vessels using flat ribbon-wound cylindrical shells have been manufactured in China. Theoretical as well as experimental investigations show that there are distinct economical and engineering advantages in using such vessels. In this paper, based on the analysis of the heat transfer process in a flat steel ribbon-wound liquid hydrogen high-pressure vessel, a heat transfer model of the walls of the shell and head has been set up. The temperature difference among the interfaces, the heat transfer through the shell and head, and the evaporation rate of the vessel under a steady heat-flow condition has been calculated. The numerical calculations show that such a structure meets the design requirements.

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Gönczi, Gábor. "Pressure loss reduction of pipe elements." Water Practice and Technology 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.035.

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Abstract A theoretical research was conducted from 2016 to 2018 which aimed to reduce the head loss of pipe networks in the pump stations. The results were promising and predicted an average head loss reduction by 30%. Afterwards, physical experiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of the new pipe designs. Two new prototype pipe sections were installed into one of our pump stations. The experiment was successful as two unique pipe sections installed in the discharge pipe reduced the head loss of the pump station by 25–26%. According to these results, we can set a target value of 30% head loss reduction at full pump station pipe reconstruction.

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Silva-Néto, Raimundo P., and Silvya N. Bernardino. "Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Patient With Hypnic Headache: A Case Study." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 53, no. 7 (February 20, 2013): 1157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12066.

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Magnucki, K., and J. Lewiński. "Fully stressed head of a pressure vessel." Thin-Walled Structures 38, no. 2 (October 2000): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8231(00)00031-8.

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Mahar, Pooran S., and Rajesh P. Singh. "Computing Inlet Pressure Head of Multioutlet Pipeline." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 129, no. 6 (December 2003): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2003)129:6(464).

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Golding, Elke M., Claudia S. Robertson, and Robert M. Bryan. "Pial Arteriole Pressure Following Mild Head Injury." Anesthesiology 96, Sup 2 (September 2002): A656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200209002-00656.

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Krefft, Thomas A., Neill R. Graff-Radford, John A. Lucas, and James A. Mortimer. "Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Large Head Size." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 18, no. 1 (January 2004): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-200401000-00007.

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Park, Ji-Hye, Ki Tae Nam, Chungkwon Yoo, and Yong Yeon Kim. "Head Elevation and Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma." Optometry and Vision Science 93, no. 9 (September 2016): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000895.

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ROSNER, MICHAEL J., and SHEILA DAUGHTON. "Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Management in Head Injury." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 30, no. 8 (August 1990): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199008000-00001.

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Trivedi, Monica, and Jonathan P. Coles. "Blood Pressure Management in Acute Head Injury." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 24, no. 2 (December 28, 2008): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066608329602.

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MJ, Rosner, and Daughton S. "Cerebral perfusion pressure management in head injury." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 10, no. 2 (March 1991): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003465-199103000-00016.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pressure head'

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