Academic literature on the topic 'Pressure groups Victoria History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pressure groups Victoria History"
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KANTER, DOUGLAS. "THE GALWAY PACKET-BOAT CONTRACT AND THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN MID-VICTORIAN IRELAND." Historical Journal 59, no. 3 (February 5, 2016): 747–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x15000369.
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AbstractThis article argues that political considerations, economic theory, attitudes toward public finance, and concerns about regional development all influenced contemporary responses to the Galway packet-boat contract of 1859–64. Though historians have conventionally depicted the dispute over the contract as an episode in Victorian high politics, it maintains that the controversy surrounding the agreement between the Galway Company and the state cannot be understood solely in terms of party manoeuvre at Westminster. In the context of the Union between Britain and Ireland, the Galway contract raised important questions about the role of the British government in fostering Irish economic development through public expenditure. Politicians and opinion-makers adopted a variety of ideologically informed positions when addressing this issue, resulting in diverse approaches to state intervention, often across party lines. While political calculation and pressure from interest groups certainly affected policy, the substantive debate on the contract helped to shape the late Victorian Irish policy of both British parties by clarifying contemporary ideas about the economic functions appropriate to the Union state.
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Castle, David J. "Letter from Australia: mental healthcare in Victoria." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008375.
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SummaryMental health services in the state of Victoria, Australia, have undergone enormous change over the past 15 years, with the closure of all stand-alone psychiatric hospitals and a shift of resources and services into the community. Although successful overall, various areas cause concern, including pressure on acute beds, a paucity of alternative residential options, and suboptimal integration of government and non-government agencies concerned with the care of people with mental illnesses. Certain groups, notably those with complex symptom sets such as substance use and mental illness, intellectual disability and forensic problems, remain poorly catered for by the system. Finally, community stigma and lack of work inclusion for mentally ill individuals are ongoing challenges.
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BECKETT, JOHN, and CHARLES WATKINS. "Natural History and Local History in Late Victorian and Edwardian England: The Contribution of the Victoria County History." Rural History 22, no. 1 (March 7, 2011): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793310000142.
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AbstractIn 1899 the Victoria County History (VCH) was established as a ‘National Survey’ of England which was intended to show the present day condition of the country and trace the ‘domestic history’ of all English counties to the ‘earliest times’. Natural history was seen as a key component to be included in the first volume for every county. In this paper we examine the reasons for the prominence given to natural history and demonstrate how the expert knowledge of natural historians was marshalled and edited. We use the contrasting counties of Herefordshire and Nottinghamshire to examine key intellectual debates about the role of the amateur and the expert and concern about nomenclature, classification and the state of knowledge about different groups of species. We emphasize the importance of the geography of the natural history and the way in which the VCH charted concerns about species loss and extinction. We examine the reasons why the VCH later abandoned natural history and finally we assess the value of its published output for modern historical geographers, historical ecologists and environmental historians.
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Renzaho, Andre. "Re-visioning cultural competence in community health services in Victoria." Australian Health Review 32, no. 2 (2008): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080223.
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There are few studies exploring the need to develop and manage culturally competent health services for refugees and migrants from diverse backgrounds. Using data from 50 interviews with service providers from 26 agencies, and focus group discussion with nine different ethnic groups, this paper examines how the Victorian state government funding and service agreements negatively impact on the quest to achieve cultural competence. The study found that service providers have adopted ?one approach fits all? models of service delivery. The pressure and competition for resources to address culturally and linguistically diverse communities? needs allows little opportunity for partnership and collaboration between providers, leading to insufficient sharing of information and duplication of services, poor referrals, incomplete assessment of needs, poor compliance with medical treatment, underutilisation of available services and poor continuity of care. This paper outlines a model for cultural consultation and developing needs-led rather than serviceled programs.
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Bowen, Lloyd. "Wales at Westminster: Parliament, Principality and Pressure Groups, 1542-1601*." Parliamentary History 22, no. 2 (March 17, 2008): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2003.tb00611.x.
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Kwena, Zachary, Raphael Ondondo, Catherine Makokha, and Elizabeth Bukusi. "PO 8550 NATURE AND PREVALENCE OF MULTI-MORBIDITY IN FISHING COMMUNITIES ON LAKE VICTORIA, KENYA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A52.2—A52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.137.
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IntroductionMultimorbidity, coexistence of two or more chronic conditions, is becoming more common across different demographic groups in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigate the nature and prevalence of multimorbidity in fishing communities on Lake Victoria in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey enrolling 679participants in the fishing communities to establish theprevalence of HIV and non-communicable diseases (NCDs)and associated risk factors. The NCDs targeted included diabetes mellitus detected by random blood glucose (RBG) and kidney dysfuction detected by serum creatinine level and proteniuria. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Diabetes mellitus was defined as RBG >7.8 mmol/L and renal dysfunction was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min or proteinuria. HIV was tested using rapid Determine assays and reactive results confirmed with UniGold assays. Additionally, participants were determined as having the condition if they reported being on medication for the condition. We analysed the results using descriptive statistics and used Chi-square test to discern if there were statistically significant differences by gender.ResultsOverall, HIV prevalence was 36% while 15%, 12% and 8% of the participants were suspected to have kidney dysfuction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Overall, 12% of the participants had multimorbidity. The most common multimorbidity among those with any of the four chronic conditions was HIV and kidney dysfunction (29%), followed by hypertension and kidney dysfuction (22%), HIV and hypertension (20%), HIV and diabetes (18%), diabetes and kidney disease (6%) and, lastly, diabetes and hypertension (5%). Apart from HIV, we observed no statistically significant gender differences for any of the NCDs or various multimorbidity conditions.ConclusionThese fishing communities have a high burden of both HIV and NCDs resulting in high prevalence of different multimorbidities.
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Coetzee, Frans. "Pressure Groups, Tory Businessmen and the Aura of Political Corruption Before the First World War." Historical Journal 29, no. 4 (December 1986): 833–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00019075.
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When Gladstone's Liberal government passed the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act in 1883, its supporters hoped that the future conduct of politics would be purer and more equitable. Not only would the grosser forms of corruption (such as bribery or intimidation) now be punished more severely, but the advantages previously enjoyed by wealthier candidates would now be minimized because the new law imposed strict limits on campaign spending which applied equally to all candidates for a particular constituency. But these noble goals, it soon appeared, were little closer to realization because the law contained a crucial loophole by failing to constrain the expenditure of the numerous pressure groups active in British politics. Because of this loophole, electoral corruption might continue to flourish, even if the perpetrator would no longer be the candidate's agent, but rather the pressure group treasurer. This view that the intent (if not the letter) of the law was being subverted was a common theme of Edwardian political journalism. As the Westminster Gazette observed, ‘when a by-election takes place each candidate has the assistance of a cloud of outside organizations which spend on the election a large sum of money which is not included in the official election expenses… clearly the result is to drive a coach-and-six through the Corrupt Practices Act.’ On the floor of the House of Commons similar arguments were aired. One Liberal MP contended that the statute ‘had been of great service in securing more honest representation than before, but no one who had followed political events closely could fail to see that its whole purpose was avoided, and that its terms were entirely circumvented, by the action which political organizations took on behalf of a candidate, which he was wholly unable to do for himself.’ Such assertions remained unsubstantiated, however, because infringements by pressure groups were rarely subjected to legal review in the election courts, being considered too difficult to define and expensive to prove.
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Heerde, Jessica A., Gabriel J. Merrin, Vi T. Le, John W. Toumbourou, and Jennifer A. Bailey. "Health of Young Adults Experiencing Social Marginalization and Vulnerability: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031711.
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People who experience social marginalization and vulnerability have uniquely complex health needs and are at risk of poor health outcomes. Regression analyses using longitudinal data from a cross-national, population-based sample of young adults participating in the International Youth Development Study, tested associations between social marginalization and vulnerabilities and physical health, mental health, and substance use outcomes. Participants from Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the US were surveyed at ages 25 (2014) and 29 years (2018; N = 1944; 46.7% male). A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), LGBT identity, financial insecurity, and justice system involvement at age 25 predicted poor health outcomes at age 28, including lower perceived health status, risk for chronic illness, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diagnosed mental health/substance use disorders. Tests of model equivalence across states showed that a history of ACEs was more strongly related to health status and serious injury at age 28 and justice system involvement at age 25 was more strongly related to age 28 serious injury in Victoria than in Washington State. Findings strengthen the case for future population-based research identifying life-course interventions and state policies for reducing poor health and improving health equity among members of socially marginalized groups.
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Mendes, Philip, and Badal Moslehuddin. "Moving out from the state parental home: A comparison of leaving care policies in Victoria and New South Wales." Children Australia 29, no. 2 (2004): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005976.
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Young people leaving care are arguably one of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in society. Compared to most young people, they face numerous barriers to accessing educational, employment and other developmental and transitional opportunities.Using information from interviews and a range of documents, this study compares the leaving care supports currently available in two Australian states, Victoria and New South Wales. Attention is drawn to the history of the leaving care debate in both states, the nature of the existing legislative and program supports for care leavers in each state, the key political and policy actors that have either helped or hindered the development of leaving care policies and services in each state, and the principal unmet needs of care leavers in each state.The findings suggest that NSW leads the way in terms of providing effective legislative and program supports to care leavers. The differences between Victoria and NSW are attributed to a number of factors including particularly the different relationships between the respective government bureaucracies and non-government child welfare sectors.
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Belchem, John. "The Neglected “Unstamped”: The Manx Pauper Press of the 1840s." Albion 24, no. 4 (1992): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050669.
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By using Manx taxation and postal privileges, radicals and other activists were able to avoid the “taxes on knowledge,” to continue the campaign for a cheap press that mainland publishers, veterans of the “war of the unstamped,” had been forced to abandon in 1836. Free of stamp duty, paper duty, and advertizement tax, papers published on the Isle of Man were entitled to free postage throughout mainland Britain, a privilege extended to include re-postage in 1840. Taking advantage of these Manx facilities, publishers were able to defy commercial pressures to re-launch the “unstamped,” briefly recapturing its original political and educational mission. This paper seeks to recover this neglected episode in newspaper history. It highlights the use of Manx facilities by three broad groups of reformers, each of whom looked to the medium of the cheap press to redefine the reform agenda of early-Victorian Britain. First, those who promoted individual behavioral reform, a project that extended from temperance through various “alternative” remedies and regimes, physical and mental, to a bewildering array of “faddist” nostrums. Second, those involved in the increasing formalization of popular politics and associational culture, a process that placed print above traditional oral and visual modes of communication. Third, and closely related, those radicals who wished to expurgate earlier errors and excesses, to replace the transient tumult of the collective mass platform by individual commitment to rational reform. Each of these groups sought to benefit from Manx publication and postal privileges: through the widespread distribution of inexpensive propaganda; by the production of cheap “in-house” journals, which would provide channels of information for members of affiliated friendly societies, amalgamated trade unions, and political organizations; and by the packaging of news in cheap and attractive formats to reach the individual family home. These categories often overlapped, as did their formats; in the publications of William Shirrefs, the most enterprising of the Manx-based printers and publishers, newspaper, magazine, and “agitational” journal merged into one, providing a lively mixture of news, education, politics, information, fiction, amusement, and recreation, a comprehensive cheap package for the working-class reader. At a time of commercialization—the rise of the penny dreadful, the advent of the family magazine, and the dominance of the lurid Sunday press—the Manx press pointed towards the higher ideals of mid-Victorian Britain, providing its readership with the information and instruction to allow their personal and political development within the privacy of the home.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pressure groups Victoria History"
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Thompson, Andrew Stuart. "Thinking imperially? : Imperial presssure groups and the idea of Empire in late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260092.
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Tanji, Miyume. "The enduring myth of an Okinawan struggle: the history and trajectory of a diverse community of protest." Thesis, Tanji, Miyume (2003) The enduring myth of an Okinawan struggle: the history and trajectory of a diverse community of protest. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/334/.
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The islands of Okinawa have a long history of people's protest. Much of this has been a manifestation in one way or another of Okinawa's enforced assimilation into Japan and their differential treatment thereafter. However, it is only in the contemporary period that we find interpretations among academic and popular writers of a collective political movement opposing marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans. This is most powerfully expressed in the idea of the three 'waves' of a post-war 'Okinawan struggle' against the US military bases. Yet, since Okinawa's annexation to Japan in 1879, differences have constantly existed among protest groups over the reasons for and the means by which to protest, and these have only intensified after the reversion to Japanese administration in 1972.
This dissertation examines the trajectory of Okinawan protest actors, focusing on the development and nature of internal differences, the origin and survival of the idea of a united 'Okinawan struggle', and the implications of these factors for political reform agendas in Okinawa. It explains the internal differences in organisation, strategies and collective identities among the groups in terms of three major priorities in their protest. There are those protesters principally preoccupied with opposing the US-Japan security treaty and for whom the preservation of pacifist clauses of the Constitution and the utilisation of formal legal and political processes are paramount as a modus operandi. There are also those primarily concerned to protect Okinawa's distinctive lifestyle and natural environment, as well as an assortment of feminist groups fundamentally opposed to the presence of US bases due to concerns about patriarchy and exploitation of women, fostered by militarism. In these last two perspectives, protest tends to be conducted much more via informal, network-oriented processes, and includes engagement with international civil society groups.
The increasing range of protest groups derived from the expansion of these last two perspectives, diversifying beyond the traditional workers' unions and political parties, is consistent with the 'new social movement' theory. This theory's emphasis on the importance of socio economic change for the emergence of groups with post-materialist reform agendas and a stronger predisposition towards informal political processes resonates with the Okinawan experiences. However, the impact of this has been, especially after the reversion in 1972, to hinder effective coalition building among the Okinawan protest groups and organisations, weakening their power to bring about political reforms, particularly towards the removal of the US military bases from the island.
Crucially, though, the idea of an 'Okinawan struggle' has endured in the community of protest throughout the post-war period. Ideas about marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans constitute a powerful myth of an 'Okinawan struggle', which has a long history of being redefined, used and exploited differently by a wide range of protest actors, adjusted to their particular and historically specific struggles. Indeed, in the event that the US military bases were withdrawn from Okinawa, the ability and appeal of the myth of an 'Okinawan struggle' would therefore not necessarily expire, even if it will increasingly be joined by other protest perspectives as a result of the flowering of new social movements.
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Tanji, Miyume. "The enduring myth of an Okinawan struggle : the history and trajectory of a diverse community of protest /." Tanji, Miyume (2003) The enduring myth of an Okinawan struggle: the history and trajectory of a diverse community of protest. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/334/.
Full textAbstract:
The islands of Okinawa have a long history of people's protest. Much of this has been a manifestation in one way or another of Okinawa's enforced assimilation into Japan and their differential treatment thereafter. However, it is only in the contemporary period that we find interpretations among academic and popular writers of a collective political movement opposing marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans. This is most powerfully expressed in the idea of the three 'waves' of a post-war 'Okinawan struggle' against the US military bases. Yet, since Okinawa's annexation to Japan in 1879, differences have constantly existed among protest groups over the reasons for and the means by which to protest, and these have only intensified after the reversion to Japanese administration in 1972.
This dissertation examines the trajectory of Okinawan protest actors, focusing on the development and nature of internal differences, the origin and survival of the idea of a united 'Okinawan struggle', and the implications of these factors for political reform agendas in Okinawa. It explains the internal differences in organisation, strategies and collective identities among the groups in terms of three major priorities in their protest. There are those protesters principally preoccupied with opposing the US-Japan security treaty and for whom the preservation of pacifist clauses of the Constitution and the utilisation of formal legal and political processes are paramount as a modus operandi. There are also those primarily concerned to protect Okinawa's distinctive lifestyle and natural environment, as well as an assortment of feminist groups fundamentally opposed to the presence of US bases due to concerns about patriarchy and exploitation of women, fostered by militarism. In these last two perspectives, protest tends to be conducted much more via informal, network-oriented processes, and includes engagement with international civil society groups.
The increasing range of protest groups derived from the expansion of these last two perspectives, diversifying beyond the traditional workers' unions and political parties, is consistent with the 'new social movement' theory. This theory's emphasis on the importance of socio economic change for the emergence of groups with post-materialist reform agendas and a stronger predisposition towards informal political processes resonates with the Okinawan experiences. However, the impact of this has been, especially after the reversion in 1972, to hinder effective coalition building among the Okinawan protest groups and organisations, weakening their power to bring about political reforms, particularly towards the removal of the US military bases from the island.
Crucially, though, the idea of an 'Okinawan struggle' has endured in the community of protest throughout the post-war period. Ideas about marginalisation of, and discrimination against, Okinawans constitute a powerful myth of an 'Okinawan struggle', which has a long history of being redefined, used and exploited differently by a wide range of protest actors, adjusted to their particular and historically specific struggles. Indeed, in the event that the US military bases were withdrawn from Okinawa, the ability and appeal of the myth of an 'Okinawan struggle' would therefore not necessarily expire, even if it will increasingly be joined by other protest perspectives as a result of the flowering of new social movements.
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Seager, Cecchini Ashley. "“Maybe I’ll see you on the stage”: Spontaneous Audience Action in the Performance of the Plays of Victoria Nalani Kneubuhl." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281283461.
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PERRY, JAY MARTIN. "The Chinese Question: California, British Columbia, and the Making of Transnational Immigration Policy, 1847-1885." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1394761542.
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Uma, T. "Accession of Hyderabad State to the Indian union - A study of the political and pressure groups: 1945-1948." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1249.
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Davis, Glen Anthony. "The relationship between the established and new left groupings in the anit-Vietnam War movement in Victoria, 1967-1972." Thesis, 2001. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/36042/.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the various left groupings that constituted the opposition to the war in Vietnam in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The focus is on how the newer radical groups of this period interacted with and influenced the established Left and peace movement. The work concentrates on opposition to the war within the Australian State of Victoria, drawing upon interviews with participants as well as written material from primary and secondary sources.
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Popple, Jeff. "'The Bolshevik element must be stamped out' : returned soldiers and Queensland politics, 1918-1925." Master's thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/113874.
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The First World War was not a unifying experience for
Australian society. The demands and traumas produced by the
war played on and exacerbated long existing tensions and
divisions in Australian society. The descent from a facade of
near unanimity of purpose at the beginning of the war to the
open and bitter racial, religious and class confrontations at
its end is now well documented. Marilyn Lake and Raymond
Evans have provided accounts of the impact of the war upon the
homefront in Tasmania and Queensland between 1914 and 1918,
while L.L. Robson in his excellent study has charted the
decline of unity by focussing on responses to one issue,
enlistment.(2) Other historians have also provided sweeping
accounts or narrow specialist studies which chronicle the
degree of disunity and social conflict during the war
years.(3) Heated industrial disputes, falling wages and rising prices and two emotive conscription referenda all
helped to aggravate and extend the societal divisions caused
by religious suspicions, racial persecution and class conflict
over the inequality of wartime sacrifices. These divisions
were deepened by two overseas events; Britain’s brutal
suppression of the Irish Easter rebellion, and the Bolshevik
revolution in Russia. As a result of the trauma of war
Australian society in 1918 was a cauldron of turmoil into
which one more divisive ingredient was yet to be added, the
returned soldier.
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Sovka, Roseanne M. "Interest group involvement in constituency election campaigns." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1468.
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This study explores the range and variance of interest group activity in constituency campaigns in the 1988 federal election as reported in the Constituency Party Association dataset created in 1991 for the Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing. SPSSPC+ was used to analyze the relationships between variables in four main areas: political party affiliation, geographic variables, constituency association characteristics, and the specific issues the interest groups were promoting or opposing. The most significant finding was that interest groups were actively involved in half of the riding association election campaigns, either supporting or opposing local candidates. The cursory treatment of electoral involvement in the interest group literature provides an inadequate explanation for this widespread phenomena. This study provides an initial profile of interest group involvement in constituency campaigns. The exploration of the data revealed that interest groups were more likely to be involved in the local campaigns of candidates associated with the governing party. They were less likely to be involved in Quebec constituency campaigns, and more likely in wealthy competitive riding campaigns. The most frequently mentioned issues that motivated interest groups locally were abortion, followed by free trade.
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Darroch, George P. "Portraying Papua : activist representations of Indonesian Papua, 1969-2009." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151366.
Full textBooks on the topic "Pressure groups Victoria History"
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Harford, Ian. Manchester and its ship canal movement: Class, work and politics in late-Victorian England. Straffordshire, England: Ryburn Pub., 1994.
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Savard, Stéphane, and Jérôme Boivin. De la représentation à la manifestation: Groupes de pression et enjeux politiques au Québec, XIXe et XXe siècles. Québec (Quebec): Septentrion, 2014.
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Ridings, Eugene. Business interest groups in nineteenth-century Brazil. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
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Interest groups unleashed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: CQ Press, 2012.
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Działocha, Kazimierz. Studia nad udziałem grup interesów w procesie tworzenia prawa. Wrocław: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 1987.
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Michio, Muramatsu. Sengo Nihon no atsuryoku dantai. Tōkyō: Tōyō Keizai Shinpōsha, 1986.
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Jones, Edwin. Coalitions of the oppressed. Mona, Kingston, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, 1987.
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Ullmann, Hans-Peter. Interessenverbände in Deutschland. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1988.
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Castle, Paul. The politics of fluoridation: The campaign for fluoridation in the West Midlands of England. London: Libbey, 1987.
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Friedmann, Reinhard. 1964-1988, la política chilena de la A a la Z. Santiago, Chile: Melquíades Servicio Editorial, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pressure groups Victoria History"
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Cook, Chris. "A Guide to the Papers of Organisations, Societies and Pressure Groups." In Sources in British Political History 1900–1951, 1–112. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17825-4_1.
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Romano, Salvatore, Paolo Tommaso Scarpelli, and Franz Halberg. "Blood pressure self-measurement in schools for chronobiologic discriminant analysis between two groups of children with and without family history of hypertension." In Chronobiotechnology and Chronobiological Engineering, 299–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3547-1_25.
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Gabbuti, Giacomo. "Il fascismo ‘liberista’ e la ‘quasi abolizione’ dell’imposta di successione del 1923." In Studi e saggi, 171–96. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-455-7.07.
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In summer 1923, in the midst of the ‘fight’ to balance the budget, Minister Alberto De Stefani announced the abolition of inheritance tax, pursuant to the ‘full powers’ granted to the government by the Parliament. This abolition – possibly the most iconic act of the ‘financial restauration’ carried on by De Stefani – provoked surprise and interest in the country and abroad but was substantially overlooked by historians. This chapter – first outcome of a research in progress – offers a first historical reconstruction of this episode of early 1920s Italian economic history, by documenting both the positions of an influent advisor of De Stefani, the economist Maffeo Pantaleoni, and even more, the lobbying activity carried on by pressure groups such as the bankers’ association, an influential businessman linked to Mussolini such as Cesare Goldmann, and a young, very proactive association of notaries. Moreover, the chapter surveys the way in which both Italian and international media reported on this case of politics of inequality, offering a different perspective on a crucial period in the consolidation of Fascist power.
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Edwards, John Richard. "Corporate Legislation and Pressure Groups." In A History of Corporate Financial Reporting in Britain, 126–44. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315148441-8.
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Doyle, Barry M. "The changing functions of urban government: councillors, officials and pressure groups." In The Cambridge Urban History of Britain, 287–314. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521417075.011.
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Shetler, Jan Bender. "Floating Reed Islands." In Oral History and the Environment, 88—C5.N64. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190684969.003.0006.
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Abstract From the Mara Region of Tanzania, this chapter uses oral histories to reveal a long, generational history of the resilience of women amid the legacies of ecological disaster. This area, on the southeastern shore of Lake Victoria just south of the Kenyan border, is made up of some fifteen (or sixty depending on how you count) different small ethnic groups that never coalesced into larger pan-ethnic entities, including groups from three major language families. These interviews began with research in 1995 in the region’s interior. These stories of migration, hunger, and disaster reveal the ways that women experienced ecological collapse in these societies and reveal a distinct way of “knowing” and of passing on knowledge about communal environmental history.
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Cooper, John. "Conclusion." In Pride Versus Prejudice, 397–406. Liverpool University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774877.003.0017.
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This concluding chapter summarizes the book's findings on the history of the entry of Jews into the medical and legal professions. During the late Victorian age and the Edwardian era, it was possible for a few Jews from patrician or wealthy merchant families to rise to the top of the Bar, or the front rank of the medical profession, while retaining a Jewish identity. Between the two world wars, English society was much less open than in the late Victorian and Edwardian years. This was a time of heavy unemployment and economic malaise, disfigured by sharpening antisemitism which did not abate until a decade after the Second World War. During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a predominance of Jewish doctors over Jewish lawyers in England, but by the 1990s this situation had been reversed and Jewish lawyers were in a majority. Since the 1990s, there has been a decline generally in the number of applicants for medical schools in England. Among these professionals today, there is on the one hand an imperceptible drift by some out of the community, without pressure from the necessity for radical assimilation, and a switch by another group of professionals from the Orthodoxy of their fathers to Reform Judaism, which they find more compatible with the daily rhythm of their careers.
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Kling, David W. "Conversion by Coercion." In A History of Christian Conversion, 151–73. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195320923.003.0007.
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As Christian European society expanded geographically and as the Latin Church insisted on its universal rule, the perceived contamination of Christians by “religious aliens” accelerated intolerance by church and state authorities, mobs, and vigilante groups. This chapter examines the forced conversions of Jews and pagans. In four incidents of Jewish conversion, the threat of violence or of some kind of negative consequence (e.g., economic pressure) constituted if not forced conversions then certainly pressure to convert. Jews, however, were only one group, and a relatively small one, targeted for forcible Christian conversion. Throughout the medieval period, thousands of pagans were brought into the Christian fold by forcible means—from Charlemagne’s eighth-century campaign against the Saxons to the Sword Brothers’ thirteenth-century campaigns against the Lithuanians and Estonians.
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Olukoju, Ayodeji. "Desertion, Dereliction and Destitution: The Travails of Stranded West African Seamen in the United Kingdom, ca. 1921-1934." In Navigating African Maritime History. Liverpool University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497315.003.0007.
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This essay explores the lives of West African seamen stranded in Britain during the interwar years, the decline of the British shipping industry in the postwar colony, and the reluctance of colonial and imperial governments to provide humanitarian aid to stranded man. It explores the factors that led to the prominence of African destitution in Britain, including employer preference for white British labour in maritime roles. It also explores the efforts of humanitarian pressure groups, the West African elite who responded to the crisis, plus instances of individual acts of aid. It analyses Nigerian colonial correspondence and West African and British newspapers to determine that the way in which colonial governments responded to a crisis had less to do with lack of resources and more to do with the personal proclivities of colonial administrators.
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Covo, Manuel. "An Empire of Liberty? 1790–1793." In Entrepôt of Revolutions, 97—C4.P49. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197626382.003.0005.
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Abstract The struggle over free trade revealed the competition of colonial pressure groups and shed light on imperial revolutionary politics. The free-trade debate could not be disentangled from Saint-Domingue’s racial context. Under these circumstances, the colonial and revolutionary politics of the early 1790s were at odds with the philosophical standpoints of all the actors involved. The chapter looks at the bitter debates between and among French revolutionaries, merchants, Saint-Domingue colonists, mixed-race planters, and other interest groups over the exclusif (colonial monopoly), the rights of free people of color, and the relationship between colonies and metropole. The eruption of the largest slave insurrection in history and the creation of the republic raised the stakes of the controversy.
Conference papers on the topic "Pressure groups Victoria History"
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Kim, Dae Soo, Joon Ho Lee, and In Yeung Kim. "A Parametric Study of Independent Support Motion Method for the Steam Supply Piping Connected to the HP Turbine of APR 1400." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97117.
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The steam supply piping connected to the high pressure (HP) turbine of APR1400 (Korea’s advanced power plant 1400 MW-class) is a typical example of multi-supported piping system, and it is routed from the Containment building to the Turbine building via the Main Steam Isolation Valve House in the Auxiliary building. In the seismic analysis of this piping system, using the Enveloped Response Spectrum (ERS) method, a commonly used methodology for seismic analysis of nuclear power plant piping in industry circles, generates overly conservative analysis results. Therefore, Time History Method (THM) which applies excitation characteristic of each support attached to individual building was used to eliminate unnecessary conservatism. However, it was noticed that the Time History Method requires considerable amount of labor and time in generating combined time history equivalent to the spectrum applied for each support although it is regarded as the most exact and realistic method for seismic analysis. The nuclear industry has been making lots of efforts in finding out the mathematic logicality and practical applicability to resolve this issue. This paper deals with parametric research on combination effects of responses between support groups, damping effects, and modal combination method with close modes in applying the Independent Support Motion (ISM) method to the analysis model of the steam supply piping connected to the high pressure turbine of APR1400. Quantitative assessment and comparison with the analysis results of the ERS method and THM were also carried out. As a result, it is shown that the analysis results of the ISM method together with the SRSS combination between support groups, 4% damping with ±15% spectrum peak broadening and grouping of modal combination are remarkably similar to those of THM.
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Alfarizi, M. Arief Salman, Marja Dinata, Rizki Ananda Parulian, Kamal Hamzah, Tejo Sukotrihadiyono, Danar Wijayanto, Farid Ghozali, et al. "Ingenious Method for Water Injection Optimization on Mature Carbonate Reservoir with Rapid Pressure Decline Problem, Case Study: XJN Field - South Sumatra, Indonesia." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205615-ms.
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Abstract XJN field has implemented water injection as pressure maintenance since 1987, only one year after initial production. XJN is carbonate reservoir with weak aquifer underlying the oil zone. Initial reservoir pressure was 2,700 psi and peak production was 27,000 BOPD. Reservoir pressure was drop to 1,800 psi within 5 years of production. During 1991-2007, better injection management was performed to provide negative voidage. This action has managed to bring reservoir pressure back to its initial pressure, eventually enabling all wells to be converted from gaslift to naturalflow. In 2013, watercut has increased to 97% and several naturally flowing wells began to ceased-to-flow, then production mode was changed gradually from naturalflow to artificial lift using Electric Submersible Pump (ESP). In 2017-2020, there was rapid reservoir pressure decline around 300 psi/year while XJN water injection performance considered flawless. Voidage Replacement Ratio (VRR) was 1.3, but reservoir pressure was kept declining. This situation will cause ESP pump off on producer wells which in turn means big production loss. This paper will elaborate about the simple-uncommon-yet effective methods for problem detection and its solution to revive pressure and production. Analysis was began with observing the deviation of VRR and reservoir pressure, this was to estimate "leak" time of water injection. Next analysis was evaluation of injection rate leak off using material balance with reverse history matching. Reverse here means making reservoir pressure as main constraint rather than history matching goal. After that, it was continued with water injection flow path analysis. This was done by plotting production-injection-pressure data then make several small groups of injector-producer based on visible relationships. The purposes were to find key injector wells and to shut-in all inefficient ones. Furthermore, injection re-distribution was also performed based on VRR calculation on groups from previous step, water distribution priority was focused on key injector wells. These analysis have also paved the way for searching channeling possibility on injector wells. The results, XJN reservoir pressure showed an increasing trend of 100 psi/year after optimization was performed, with current pressure around 2000 psi. The increase in reservoir pressure has also made it possible to optimize ESP, field lifting has increased for 5000 BLPD. This project has also successfully secured XJN remaining oil. This project was racing with rapid pressure decline that will lead to early ESP pump off and production loss. The integrated subsurface analytical methods and actions being taken were simple but effective. Close monitoring on reservoir pressure, water injection and ESP parameters will be needed as field surveillance. Integrated analysis with surface facility engineering should also be carried out in the future in regards to surface network, injection rate and reservoir pressure.
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Al-Mentheri, Khawla Abdulla, Faisal Salah Al-Jenaibi, Evgenii Gusarov, and Maksim Kuzevanov. "Complex Dynamic Model History Matched through Utilize Smart Workflows." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211351-ms.
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Abstract Reservoir engineers tend to define a simulation model as "complex" when they have several of the following characteristics: Complex fluids schemes loaded with multi PVT's or EOS's data sets associated with lateral and vertical compositional changes that might cause massive fluids mobility and blends, which resulted in unpredictable production trends. Presence of tilted fluid contacts, buffer/tarmat zones, or other feature which increase the number of uncertain parameters and features. Each of which needs to be investigated individually to identify their impacts on field/wells levels history match profiles. Limited sources of data available with high levels of geological heterogeneity with multi-layers and patchy zones, which result in creating many thin layers that would tend to impact dynamic model performance. This paper is going to discuss the implementation steps and procedures utilized to history matching one of Abu Dhabi's complex onshore reservoirs model. This reservoir has high levels of unknown parameters with uncertainty. Our key objective is to achieve acceptable history match profiles which would be used for field development and optimization works. The second objective is to do this "quickly" in a more reasonable timeframe than is usually achieved. In this complex model case study, it would be attractive to use Assisted History Match technologies to create a smart loop which could assess and modify multi-parameters with a linkage between static and dynamic models. This might require several applications to deal with both static and dynamic models in parallel. Using smart workflows all the possible geological parameters subject for uncertainty analysis have been identified and scripted directly in the dynamic model data deck which accelerates parameter adjustment; this allows us to carry out hundreds of runs in a more time efficient and practical ways using one tool. Although this study started with thousands of uncertain parameters, we reduced the unknown parameters into two main groups (A) Global parameters that would influences overall model results, such as shape of Kr's curves per rock types, and (B) Region parameters that would influences only the selected unit and/or region, for example faults transmissibility. After completing the 1st pass runs to optimize global parameters, those parameters were frozen, and the 2nd pass runs were started for the region parameters. This loop is continued for several iterations until most of parameters stabilized. In order to get maximum benefits from the existing CPU's, it was decided to coarsen the dynamic model while adjusting grid cells properties without mislaying geological features to accelerate runs at the beginning of this project. By using smart workflows and a powerful AHM tool, it was easy to rank the converted models and to pick up the fewest representative cases that showed the lowest Objective Function errors. Several development scenarios were created, and these were used to assess multiple options, including: well objectives, configurations, and target locations with a single model. We then replicated that study on the rest of the converted models in order to check overall development risks envelopes (to assess production sustainability, pressure preserving, field max/min ranges of WCT and GOR, etc.….). This paper presents our successful workflows, which have been utilized for the first time to compile static and dynamic models variables under one platform i.e. (introduce both static and dynamic models variables through dynamic data deck file, including to modify oil saturation option around history match problematic wells by redefining their rock types per region(s) while preserving on match quality with Sw_log profiles), as results we have managed to generate several cases that show good outputs while reflecting wide uncertainty ranges.
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Amini, Kaveh, and Hossein Kazemi. "Modeling and Forecasting Enhanced Condensate Recovery from Rich Gas-Condensate Regions in Eagle Ford." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209975-ms.
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Abstract The development of unconventional reservoirs is strongly affected by the reliability of the production forecast and project economics. This paper has addressed these issues by analyzing the performance of several wells using both analytical and numerical modeling. For instance, after history matching a portion of each well's production history, we forecasted the remaining portion of the well's production history using the early history-matched model parameters. Next, using mathematical models, we studied the feasibility of Enhanced Condensate Recovery (ECR) to increase condensate production and to utilize and store CO2. This research study includes multi-phase rate transient analyses of five wells and a pressure build-up test on one of the wells to calculate the stimulated permeability of the SRV region. Moreover, decline curve analysis of 34 wells in four well-groups (based on their landing zones) indicated that the wells in three landing zones had similar ‘Oil EUR’ while wells landed in the region between Austin Chalk and Eagle Ford had the highest ‘Gas EUR’. Our Eagle Ford compositional reservoir model consisted of three horizontal wells in the liquid-rich volatile oil region. After matching the production history of the wells, our model correctly forecasted the future performance of the wells. Furthermore, the input permeability of the SRV region in the history match was two orders of magnitude higher than the core permeability—confirming permeability enhancement resulting from hydraulic fracturing. The history-matched compositional reservoir model was used to study cyclic (Huff-n-Puff) CO2, lean wet gas, and dry gas ECR to evaluate the potential of improved condensate recovery. Each of the three injected compositions indicated considerable enhanced condensate recovery (ECR). The enhanced condensate variability was further studied by changing cycle length, injection rate and injection pressure. The optimum CO2 enhanced condensate recovery was obtained by injecting CO2 for 60 days followed by 180 days of production. The incremental condensate production after 4 cycles increased by 19% above the primary production with a net CO2 utilization of 8550 scf per bbl of incremental condensate.
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Kobos, Edgar. "Analysis of Development Factors of Non-Governmental Organizations with Particular Emphasis on Public Funds and the Process of European Integration." In 5th International Scientific Conference 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-464-4.5.
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In the last quarter of the century, there has been a steady increase in the number and scope of organizations operating under the so-called third sector. These organizations implement a wide range of activities, from social services to recreational activities, from political pressure groups to groups that promote art or history. Foundations and associations are an important arena of social, economic and political activity, alongside the state and the private sector, they feature an increasingly important role in today's world. European public funds provide a plentiful supply of financing for these activities. It has been shown that European funds change the statutory objectives of foundations and associations as public funds determine their operational priorities and directions of development. Active civil society supports the creative processes of social capital, and the most important function of NGOs is precise to strengthen social capital. Participation in NGOs is a determinant of civic maturity for citizens. On the other hand, due to the active participation of citizens in such organizations, societies have changed. This is the reason why the direction of the third sector development and the phenomena of its growth is so crucial for every European State.
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Walker, Hans Christian, Anton Shchipanov, and Harald Selseng. "Interpretation of Permanent Well Monitoring Data to Improve Characterization of a Giant Oil Field." In SPE Europec featured at 82nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205148-ms.
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Abstract The Johan Sverdrup field located on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) started its production in October 2019. The field is considered as a pivotal development in the view of sustainable long-term production and developments on the NCS as well as creating jobs and revenue. The field is operated with advanced well and reservoir surveillance systems including Permanent Downhole Gauges (PDG), Multi-Phase Flow-Meters (MPFM) and seismic Permanent Reservoir Monitoring (PRM). This provides an exceptional basis for reservoir characterization and permanent monitoring. This study focuses on reservoir characterization to improve evaluations of sand permeability-thickness and fault transmissibility. Permanent monitoring of the reservoir with PDG / MPFM has provided an excellent basis for applying different methods of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) including analysis of well interference and time-lapse PTA. Interpretation of pressure transient data is today based on both analytical and numerical reservoir simulations (fit-for-purpose models). In this study, such models of the Johan Sverdrup reservoir regions have been assembled, using geological and PVT data, results of seismic interpretations and laboratory experiments. Uncertainties in these data were used to guide and frame the scope of the study. The interference analysis has confirmed communication between the wells located in the same and different reservoir regions, thus revealing hydraulic communication through faults. Sensitivities using segment reservoir simulations of the interference tests with different number of wells have shown the importance of including all the active wells, otherwise the interpretation may give biased results. The estimates for sand permeability-thickness as well as fault leakage obtained from the interference analysis were further applied in simulations of the production history using the fit-for-purpose reservoir models. The production history contains many pressure transients associated with both flowing and shut-in periods. Time-lapse PTA was focused on extraction and history matching of these pressure transients. The simulations have provided reasonable match of the production history and the time-lapse pressure transients including derivatives. This has confirmed the results of the interference analysis for permeability-thickness and fault leakage used as input for these simulations. Well interference is also the dominating factor driving the pressure transient responses. Drainage area around the wells is quickly established for groups of the wells analyzed due to the extreme permeability of the reservoir. It was possible to match many transient responses with segment models, however mismatch for some wells can be explained by the disregard of wells outside the segments, especially injectors. At the same time, it is a useful indication of communication between the regions. The study has improved reservoir characterization of the Johan Sverdrup field, also contributing to field implementation of combined PTA methods.
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Zhang, Fengyuan, and Hamid Emami-Meybodi. "Two-Phase Type-Curve Analysis of Flowback Data from Hydraulically Fractured Hydrocarbon Reservoirs." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206312-ms.
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Abstract This study presents a new type-curve method to characterize hydraulic fracture (HF) attributes and dynamics by analyzing two-phase flowback data from multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) in hydrocarbon reservoirs.The proposed method includes a semianalytical model, as well as a workflow to estimate HF properties (i.e., initial fracture pore-volume and fracture permeability) and HF closure dynamics (through iterating fracture compressibility and permeability modulus).The semianalytical model considers the coupled two-phase flow in the fracture and matrix system, the variable production rate at the well, as well as the pressure-dependent reservoir and fluid properties. By incorporating the contribution of fluid influx from matrix into the fracture effective compressibility, a new set of dimensionless groups is defined to obtain a dimensionless solution for type-curve analysis. The accuracy of the proposed method is tested using the synthetic data generated from six numerical simulation cases for shale gas and oil reservoirs. The numerical validation confirms the unique behavior of type curves during fracture boundary dominated flow and verifies the accuracy of the type-curve analysis in the characterization of fracture properties. For field application, the proposed method is applied to two MFHWs in Marcellus shale gas and Eagle Ford shale oil.The agreement of interpreted results between the proposed method and straight-line analysis not only demonstrates the practicality in field application but also illustrates the superiority of the type-curve method as an easy-to-use technique to analyze two-phase flowback data. The analysis results from both of the field examples reveal the consistency in the estimated fracture properties between the proposed method and long-term history matching.
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Haider, Syed Tabish, and Tadeusz W. Patzek. "Higher-Order Derivatives of Production Rate and Convolutional Neural Network for Production Forecasts." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22486-ms.
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Abstract In recent years, many machine-learning models have been developed to predict future production of oil in gas in "shales". Long-short term memory (LSTM), the most widely used model, relies on the long-term production history for a reasonably accurate production forecast. All analytical and machine learning models, including LSTM, fail miserably in the absence of long production history. Our goal is to present a novel method of production forecasting using only 24 months of production data. The first and secondorder derivatives of the distance traveled give speed and acceleration to describe the trajectory and dynamics of a moving vehicle. Similarly, higher-order derivatives of hydrocarbon/water production rate vs. time uncover hidden patterns and fluctuations in a well that act as differential markers of its future recovery factor (RF). In this paper, we couple production data and their higher-order derivatives with other known parameters for a well, i.e., well length and initial production. The time-series data are passed into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with two hidden layers of 16 nodes each, and one output layer. The model is trained to predict recovery factor (RF) in the 10th year of production. We analyze the first 24 months of production data for the Barnett (1500), Marcellus (800), Haynesville (800), and Eagle Ford (1000) shale wells. All wells have a minimum pressure interference time of 34 months. The production rate vs. time and its first, second, and third-order derivatives are coupled with the well length and initial production rate, and the data are normalized with their respective maxima. For the Barnett wells, the CNN model predicts recovery factors in their 10th year of production with an average accuracy of 90%. For the Marcellus, Haynesville, and Eagle Ford wells, the prediction accuracy in the 8th year of production is 89%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. Further, we divide the wells into three groups (A, B, C) depending on the range of their recovery factor (A:RF=0-0.3, B:RF=0.3-0.6, and C:RF=0.6-0.9). We show that the clusters of wells grouped by their RFs strongly correlate with the distribution of the higher-order de rivatives of production from these wells. Thus, we posit that the detailed production history and its derivatives are the most important variables that define distributions of maximum recoverable hydrocarbon from a source rock. Our novel method uses only 24 months of production data to predict future recovery factor with an outstanding average accuracy of 90%. We show that the higher-order derivatives of high-resolution production data available from the operators could be an excellent tool for well screening and predicting future production with reasonable accuracy.
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Elwan, Mahmoud, Meher Surendra, Shawket Ghedan, Rami Kansao, Mahmoud Koresh, Hesham Mousa, Agustin Maqui, et al. "Artificial Intelligence-Based, Automated Rapid Reservoir Assurance and Reservoir Health Diagnostics in a Complex Offshore Mature Field." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206077-ms.
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Abstract The QQ Field in the Gulf of Suez is a mature, geologically complex with multiple stacked, faulted reservoirs, with commingled production between different reservoirs. This paper illustrates the power of an automated tool to perform systematic, rapid, and detailed assessment of the reservoir performance, identify the key recovery obstacles and prepare remedial plans to enable the reservoir to produce to its full potential. The well and reservoir data were processed to compute a series of metrics and key performance indicators at various levels (well, layer, reservoir, well groups, etc.). The tool has several automated modules to facilitate rapid, metric-driven reservoir assurance and management. These modules include: (i) well production/injection allocation, (ii) wells decline curve analysis including event-detection, (iii) pressure and voidage analysis, and (iv) Contact analysis. Using performance analytics, the study quickly identified ways to improve the health of the reservoir and maximize its value. The QQ Field predominantly produces from two formations: Nubia and Nezzazat. Furthermore, there are multiple sub-layers in each formation. Reliable flow unit allocation is critical to gauge contribution of each layer, identify the undrained areas of the reservoir, and locate future development opportunities. The flow unit allocation module incorporates all available data such as PLT/ILT data, completion history, permeability of each flow unit at well level, relative pressures, and water influx model. Based on the allocated production, the current recovery factors in Nubia and Nezzazat are approximately 60% and 20% respectively. Analysis of RFT data reveals good vertical communication across Nubia. However, in some areas there is clear pressure discontinuity across layers. The reservoir pressure has dropped below the bubble point in both formations. As a result, water injection was initiated. The pressure in all parts of Nubia was restored above bubble point. Aquifer influx is sufficient to support the current withdrawal rates and further water injection is unnecessary. However, Nezzazat has a significantly higher reservoir complexity and therefore, shows a large variation in pressure behavior. It needs water injection to maintain the reservoir pressure above the bubble point in all parts of the reservoir. Based on the flow-unit allocation, the voidage replacement ratio (VRR) was calculated for each area and each layer. Even though the overall VRR in the waterflooded areas is above one, the distribution of the injected water is uneven. Redistributing injected water and ensuring that all the areas and all the layers are adequately supported will help to maximize recovery. The prolonged dip in oil price demands extreme efficiency. Sound reservoir management must not require unreasonable time or manpower. The rapid, automated analysis enables quick identification of the key areas for improvement in reservoir management practices and maximize the value of the asset.
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Laing, Lionel Kallang, Seiji Shirai, Kamal Amri Rosli, Oluwole A. Talabi, and Nurul Suhaila Mohammad Fawzi. "Comprehensive PVT Data Review, Fluid Characterization and Grouping Study for Block X in Sarawak, Malaysia." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31417-ms.
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Abstract Block X of offshore Sarawak consists of stacked and multi-layer reservoirs that produce gas, condensate and oil where the production is in-commingle from many wells. 47 surface PVT samples were taken and analyzed from every reservoir during the exploration and initial production periods. Despite the number of samples and a series of PVT studies had been conducted, fluid PVT and its reservoir modelling application remain an uncertainty for Block X. Therefore, a comprehensive 3-phase PVT study was conducted, and its improved results will be implemented in the upcoming simulation model to represent fluid interactions not only within each reservoir but also between different reservoirs that are produced in commingle. Firstly, a detailed quality check and validation were performed on every sample using a systematic process proposed in Paredes et al. (2014) to identify high-quality samples. These samples were ranked based on their Fluid Sample Quality index (FSQI), and the best samples were carried forward for further analysis. Initial PVT grouping analysis was performed by plotting observed saturation pressure, composition, CGR and other key variables versus depth for the selected samples. The existing PVT models and compositional characterization, which were reviewed and found to be satisfactory except for the matching quality of liquid saturation, were used to generate predicted profile trends using Compositional gradient experiments and compared to the data to define the PVT data that could be grouped together. Next, modelling and calibration of Equation of State (EOS) parameters to match the observed properties from lab experiments were performed for each PVT group using the best sample from each group as identified by its FQSI value. The results of the new PVT calibrations showed improvements over the existing models with the variance between the group PVT model and lab observations ranging from 0.1 -2.2% in saturation pressure and 0.5 – 17.8 % in CGR. This indicated that reasonable group PVT models had been obtained. Despite, uncertainty for one of the PVT groups remained high as its fluid needed to be adjusted due to a large inconsistency between the observed gas-oil-contact (GOC) and the observed saturation pressure even when its sample's FQSI was good. Finally, the new PVT models were validated with the existing dynamic simulation models by initializing them close to the original sampling conditions and applying a compositional gradient. Comparisons with previous models show improvements between 3 − 58% when compared to the sample and early production data. Significant uncertainty remains for the reservoir or PVT group where the fluid adjustment was performed due to its limited production for further calibration. In addition, improvements were not immediately reflected in the dynamic history match of the existing models because of the variation in separator conditions during field life and the uncertainty of wells’ zonal contributions from commingled production; these are aspects for future work.