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1
La Sicilia sotto pressione: Il lobbying nel processo legislativo regionale. Acireale: Bonanno editore, 2012.
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2
Beuningen, Cor, and Kees Buitendijk, eds. Finance and the Common Good. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727914.
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Over the past fifty years, (financial) capitalism has brought about an enormous growth in wealth. Millions around the world have been lifted out of poverty. However, the downsides of the present global economic constitution are rapidly becoming evident as well. Rising inequality, soaring debt levels, and repeated cycles of boom and bust have proven to be some of its key characteristics. After the 2008 crisis brought the financial system to the brink of collapse, new regulations, stricter supervision, higher capital requirements, and ethical codes were introduced to the sector. Today we find ourselves in the middle of another economic boom. Yet one pressing question remains: has anything changed? Have the (necessary) repairs fixed the flaws in the system? Or do we require even more fundamental reforms? This volume builds on the observation that society has co-evolved with the financial sector. We cannot simply claim that 'finance' was the sole instigator of the 2008 crisis. Society itself has become financialized; the process of replacing relations, structures of trust and reciprocity, by anonymous and systemic transactions. The volume poses vital questions with regard to this societal development. How did this happen? And more importantly: is change possible? If yes, how? This volume contains 21 essays on the themes mentioned above. Authors include Jan Peter Balkenende, Wouter Bos, Lans Bovenberg, Govert Buijs, and Herman Van Rompuy. A recommendation by Dutch Minister of Finance Wopke Hoekstra is also included.
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Louis, Fisher, ed. The democratic constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
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4
Schendelen, Rinus van. Machiavelli in Brussels: The art of lobbying the EU. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2001.
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5
Rozell, Mark J. Interest groups in American campaigns: The new face of electioneering. Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 1999.
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6
1953-, Wilcox Clyde, and Madland David, eds. Interest groups in American campaigns. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2006.
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7
1995 Practical Aspects of Pressing & Drying Short Course Notes. Tappi Pr, 1997.
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8
Eighteenth International Conference on Environmental, Cultural, Economic & Social Sustainability. Conference Proceedings. Common Ground Research Networks, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/978-1-957792-15-6/cgp.
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Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Environmental, Cultural, Economic & Social Sustainability, hosted by the University of Granada, January 26 -28, 2022. The conference featured research addressing the following special focus: "Post-Pandemic Sustainability: Towards a Green Economic Recovery for Nature, People and Planet" and annual themes: Ecological Realities: How do Ecological Realities Necessarily Frame Our Planetary Existence?; Participatory Process: Whose Sustainable Future?; Economic, Social and Cultural Context: What are the Pressing Demands of Our Time?; Education, Assessment, and Policy: Framing Responsibility to Act?
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Wellman, Christopher Heath. Procedural Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274764.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 explores whether a wrongdoer forfeits her right against being punished as soon as she violates someone else’s rights or only after she has been duly convicted of doing so. Governments unquestionably have pressing reasons to design their criminal legal institutions carefully so that no citizen is vulnerable to being wrongly punished, overpunished, or otherwise harassed by government officials, but the chapter argues that these reasons are wholly instrumental. The chapter thus concludes that there are no preinstitutional procedural rights, not even a right against being punished without first being found guilty by a fair and reliable process.
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Forrestal, Alison. Founding a Congregation of Missionaries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785767.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 investigates the foundation and early development of the Congregation of the Mission, a congregation of secular missionaries dedicated to evangelizing the rural poor (their mission) through the completion of formal missions in their parishes. Soon to be known as the Lazarists, the Congregation was endowed by patrons Philippe-Emmanuel and Marguerite de Gondi in 1625. The chapter explains how, in charting its course thereafter, de Paul was forced to confront pressing questions about the character, functioning, and durability of his new mission institute. It analyses his answers to these through a composite investigation of the three milestones of the Congregation’s early formation process: its initial foundation in 1625, the issuance of papal approval in 1633, and the controversial acquisition of the priory of Saint-Lazare in Paris in 1632.
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Beyer, Chad E., and Stephen M. Stahl, eds. Next Generation Antidepressants. Cambridge University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9780511778414.
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The World Health Organization defines depression as a primary contributor to the global burden of disease and predicts it will become the second leading cause of death by 2020. The need to develop effective therapies has never been so pressing. Current antidepressant drugs have several limitations. This 2010 book looks at the future of mood-disorder research, covering the identification of new therapeutic targets, establishing new preclinical models, new medicinal chemistry opportunities, and fostering greater understanding of genetic influences. These strategies are likely to help build a better picture of the disease process, and lead to new opportunities for patient stratification and treatment. The ultimate goal for this strand of research is to develop more personalized and effective treatments for this chronic and debilitating condition. This is essential reading for all those involved in psychopharmacologic drug development, and mental health clinicians seeking a preview of discoveries soon to influence their practice.
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Rayner, Cynthia, and François Bonnici. The Systems Work of Social Change. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857457.001.0001.
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The issues of poverty, inequality, racial justice, and climate change have never been more pressing or paralyzing. Current approaches to social change—which rely on industrial models of production and power—are not helping. In fact, they are designed to entrench the status quo. In The Systems Work of Social Change, Cynthia Rayner and François Bonnici draw on two hundred years of history and a treasure trove of stories of committed social change-makers to uncover principles and practices for social change that radically depart from industrial approaches. Rather than delivering “solutions,” these principles and practices focus on the process of change itself. Through rich storytelling and lucid analysis, Rayner and Bonnici show that connection, context, and power sit at the heart of the change process, ensuring broader agency for people and communities to create social systems that are responsive and representative in a rapidly changing world. Simple yet profound, this book distils a timely set of lessons for practitioners, leaders, scholars, and policymakers. "It will guide those who work in and think about systems change for a generation. A breakthrough book.” - Stephan Chambers, Director, Marshall Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science
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Morse, Julia C. The Bankers' Blacklist. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501761515.001.0001.
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This book demonstrates how the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has enlisted global banks in the effort to keep “bad money” out of the financial system, in the process drastically altering the domestic policy landscape and transforming banking worldwide. Trillions of dollars flow across borders through the banking system every day. While bank-to-bank transfers facilitate trade and investment, they also provide opportunities for criminals and terrorists to move money around the globe. To address this vulnerability, large economies work together through an international standard-setting body, the FATF, to shift laws and regulations on combating illicit financial flows. The book examines how this international organization has achieved such impact, arguing that it relies on the power of unofficial market enforcement—a process whereby market actors punish countries that fail to meet international standards. The FATF produces a public noncomplier list, which banks around the world use to shift resources and services away from listed countries. As banks restrict cross-border lending, the domestic banking sector in listed countries advocates strongly for new laws and regulations, ultimately leading to deep and significant compliance improvements. The book offers lessons about the peril and power of globalized finance, revealing new insights into how some of today's most pressing international cooperation challenges might be addressed.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. Brain Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190662493.001.0001.
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The core of the text of this book combines the theory and practice of determining brain death. The history and development of clinical criteria of brain death is revisited. The complex neurological evaluation and its pitfalls are discussed in great detail. Moreover, the many facets of brain death determination as well as its communication to family members are examined. These include cultures beliefs, bioethical problems, discussion with family members, and many of the issues associated with organ procurement. The process of organ procurement, which is separate from brain death determination, is also outlined, along with the role of an organ procurement coordinator. This monograph is exhaustively researched and provides answers to pressing and often repeated questions, in a chapter focused on 30 issues commonly encountered by physicians in determining brain death, maintaining the body in intensive care for organ donation, and dealing compassionately with family members and effectively with the media. Legal issues are also addressed here. The book includes several video clips pertaining to the neurological evaluation of brain death and accompanying pitfalls.
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Adams, Karen Ruth. The Causes of War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.323.
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The scientific study of war is a pressing concern for international politics. Given the destructive nature of war, ordinary citizens and policy makers alike are eager to anticipate if not outright avoid outbreaks of violence. Understanding the causes of war can be a complex process. Scholars of international relations must first define war, and then establish a universe of actors or conflicts in which both war and peace are possible. Next, they must collect data on the incidence of war in the entire universe of cases over a particular period of time, a random sample of relevant cases, a number of representative cases, or a set of cases relevant to independent variables in the theories they are testing. Finally, scholars must use this data to construct quantitative and qualitative tests of hypotheses about why actors fight instead of resolving their differences in other ways and, in particular, why actors initiate wars by launching the first attack. Instead of taking the inductive approach of inventorying the causes of particular wars and then attempting to find general rules, it is necessary for scholars to approach the problem deductively, developing theories about the environment in which states operate, deriving hypotheses about the incidence of war and attack, and using quantitative and qualitative methods to test these hypotheses.
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Fontinell, Eugene. Self, God and Immortality. Fordham University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823220700.001.0001.
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Can we, who have been touched by the scientific, intellectual, and experimental revolutions of modern and contemporary times, still believe that we as individual persons are immortal? Indeed, is there even good cause to hope that we are? In examining the present relationship of reason to faith, can we find justifying reasons for faith? These are the central questions in this book, a compelling exercise in philosophical theology. Drawing upon the works of William James and the principles of American Pragmatism, the book extrapolates carefully from “data given in experience” to a model of the cosmic process open to the idea that individual identity may survive bodily dissolution. Presupposing that the possibility of personal immortality has been established in the first part, the second part of the book is concerned with desirability. Here, it is shown that, far from diverting attention and energies from the crucial tasks confronting us here and now, such belief can be energizing and life enhancing. The wider importance of the book lies in its pressing both immortality-believers and terminality-believers to explore both the metaphysical presuppositions and the lived consequences of their beliefs. It is the author's expressed hope that such explorations, rather than impeding, will stimulate co-operative efforts to create a richer and more humane community.
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Philo, John-Mark. An Ocean Untouched and Untried. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857983.001.0001.
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This is a study of the translation and reception of the Roman historian Livy in early-modern England. The work examines the four Tudor translations of Livy’s history of Rome, the Ab Urbe Condita, into the English vernacular during the sixteenth century and their engagements with the most pressing political and cultural debates of the day, from Henrician appropriations of Hannibal to arguments over the status of women. The first chapter examines Livy’s initial reception into print in Europe, outlining the attempts of his earliest editors to impose a critical order onto his enormous work. The subsequent chapters consider the respective translations undertaken by Anthony Cope, William Thomas, William Painter, and Philemon Holland, situating them among the wider trends in Classical Reception during the early-modern era. Each translation is compared in detail with the Latin original, highlighting the changes Livy’s history experienced in the process of translation. The study considers how these translations responded to and were shaped by the most recent developments in European scholarship on Livy’s history and classical historiography more generally. So too the study examines Livy’s impact on more popular forms of English literature during the Renaissance, especially the works of Shakespeare. Ultimately this research demonstrates that Livy played a fundamental though underexplored role in the development of vernacular literature, historiography, and political thought in early-modern England.
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Nail, Thomas. Marx in Motion. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197526477.001.0001.
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Socialism is back, and with it comes a renewed interest in Marx’s critique of capitalism. After the 2008 financial crash, international book sales of Capital exploded for the first time in decades. In a world of rising income inequality, right-wing nationalisms, and global climate change, people are looking to the father of modern socialism for answers. This book has been written to help those returning to Marx get answers to their pressing questions about the nature of wealth, ecological crisis, gender inequality, colonialism, migration, and the possibility of socialism. This book also offers readers a new perspective on several major ideas in Marx’s work. It argues that Marx, contrary to conventional wisdom, did not think history was deterministic or that reality could be reduced to classical materialism. Marx was not an anthropocentric humanist, nor did he have a labor theory of value. The unique contribution of this book is that it begins with Marx’s earliest and most neglected book on ancient naturalism in order to show its lasting methodological effect on his “process materialism,” defined by the primacy of motion. This “kinetic Marxism” offers a new way to reread Capital that bears directly on a number of contemporary issues. This also makes Marx in Motion the first book to offer a new materialist reading of Marx. The result is a fresh new view on the important theories of primitive accumulation, metabolism, value, fetishism, dialectics, and the possibility of a kinetic communism for the twenty-first century.
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Jamison, Stephanie, and Joel Brereton. The Rigveda. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633363.001.0001.
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The Ṛgveda is a monumental text in both world religion and world literature; yet it is comparatively little known outside a small band of specialists. The oldest Sanskrit text, composed in the latter half of the second millennium BCE, it stands as the foundational text of what will later be called Hinduism. The text consists of over a thousand hymns dedicated to various divinities, composed in sophisticated and often enigmatic poetry. Its range is large—encompassing profound meditations on cosmic enigmas, exuberant tributes to the wonders of the world, ardent praise of the gods and their works, moving and sometimes painful expressions of personal devotion, and penetrating reflections on the ability of mortals to approach and affect the divine and cosmic realms through sacrifice and praise. This guide introduces the text to a wider audience. It provides an overview of the text, its structure, and the process of its composition and collection; treats its purpose and how this purpose is reflected in the contents and structure of the text; gives a sense of the text by quoting verses and complete hymns; situates it in the religious practices of its time; and considers its use and reception in later periods, which saw profound changes in religious practices and beliefs. It will also introduce the literary qualities of the text and the poets’ belief in the role of their poetry in making sense of, and indeed creating, cosmic order and function by pressing the boundaries of language itself.
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Gray, Barbara, and Jill Purdy. Collaborating for Our Future. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782841.001.0001.
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Organizations turn to multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) to meet challenges they cannot handle alone. By tapping diverse stakeholders’ resources, MSPs develop the capability to address complex issues and problems, such as health care delivery, poverty, human rights, watershed management, education, sustainability, and innovation. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of MSPs, why they are needed, the challenges partners face in working together, and how to design them effectively. Through the process of collaboration partners combine their differing strengths, vantage points, and expertise to craft innovative responses to pressing societal concerns. The book offers valuable advice for leaders about how to design and scale up effective partnerships and how to address potential obstacles partners may face, such as dealing with the conflicts and power issues likely to arise as partners negotiate with each other. Drawing on three comprehensive cases and countless shorter examples from around the world, the book offers practical advice for organizations embarking on an MSP, as well as theoretical understanding of how partnerships function. Using an institutional theory lens, it explains how partnerships can effect change in institutional fields by reducing turbulence and negotiating a common set of norms and routines to govern partners’ future interactions within the field of concern. Topics covered include: the nature of working collaboratively, why partnerships are needed, types of partnerships, guidelines for partnership design, partnerships and field dynamics, how to deal with conflicts among partners, negotiating across power differences, partnerships for sustainability, collaborative governance, working across scale differences, and how partnerships transform fields.
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James, Harrison. Saving the Oceans Through Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198707325.001.0001.
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The oceans provide many vital ecosystem services for humankind, but the health of the world’s seas is in serious decline. The protection of the marine environment has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges for the international community. An effective solution depends upon the cooperation of all states towards achieving agreed objectives. International law plays a vital role in this process. This book provides a critical assessment of the international legal instruments that have been negotiated for the protection of the marine environment and identifies key trends in global ocean governance. Starting with a detailed analysis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the book explains and evaluates the main global and regional treaties and related instruments that seek to prevent, reduce, and control damage to the marine environment caused by navigation, seabed exploitation, fishing, dumping, geo-engineering, and land-based activities, as well as emerging pressures such as ocean noise, ocean acidification, and climate change. The book demonstrates how international institutions have expanded their mandates to address a broader range of marine environmental issues and to promote an ecosystems approach to regulation. It also discusses the development of diverse regulatory tools to address anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment and the extent to which States have adopted a precautionary approach in different maritime sectors. Whilst many advances have been made, the book highlights the need for greater coordination between international institutions, as well as the desirability of developing stronger enforcement mechanisms for international environmental rules.
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Everitt, Joanna, and Lisa Young. Advocacy Groups (Canadian Democratic Audit). Univ of British Columbia Pr, 2004.
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1946-, Ishizaki Kōzō, Hodge Edwin, and Concannon Michael, eds. Gas pressure effects on materials processing and design: Symposium held December 3-5, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Pittsburgh, Pa: Materials Research Society, 1992.
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Ishizaki, Kozo, and Edwin Hodge. Gas Pressure Effects on Materials Processing and Design: Symposium Held December 3-5, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings). Materials Research Society, 1992.
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Dean, Roger T., and Freya Bailes. Cognitive Processes in Musical Improvisation. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.007.
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This chapter discusses the conceptual frameworks in which current empirical studies of cognition in musical improvisation are being undertaken. It takes as its starting point the significant theoretical and empirical contributions of the late Jeff Pressing, musician and researcher, several of which were directed toward opening up this area of investigation. It is on the theoretical bases of models such as his that experimentally accessible hypotheses about improvisation can be constructed. The chapter particularly addresses the issue of transitions and segmentation in improvisation. Comparative and cross-cultural studies of the cognition of improvisation are then briefly reviewed. Finally, the potential of cognitive studies not only to elucidate improvisational processes, but also to contribute to them, is described.
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Hutchings, Pat, Michael Kingsford, and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, eds. Great Barrier Reef. CSIRO Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308200.
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The iconic and beautiful Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is home to one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world.
With contributions from international experts, this timely and fully updated second edition of The Great Barrier Reef describes the animals, plants and other organisms of the reef, as well as the biological, chemical and physical processes that influence them. It contains new chapters on shelf slopes and fisheries and addresses pressing issues such as climate change, ocean acidification, coral bleaching and disease, and invasive species.
The Great Barrier Reef is a must-read for the interested reef tourist, student, researcher and environmental manager. While it has an Australian focus, it can equally be used as a reference text for most Indo-Pacific coral reefs.
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Reinert, Kenneth A. Food. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499440.003.0004.
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This chapter considers food as a basic good that satisfies critical basic human needs for both calories and other important nutrients. It considers the widespread nature of food deprivation and challenges to addressing this deprivation, including climate change, water shortages, and increased population growth. The chapter examines the subsistence right to food and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It also examines ways to increase agricultural yields, both through biotechnology and agro-ecology, paying particular attention to Africa where emerging food security issues appear to be the most pressing. It considers issues of infrastructure and waste and the roles of fisheries and livestock in food security. It concludes with a consideration of demand-side issues and food provisioning processes.
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Fisher, Louis, and Neal Devins. Democratic Constitution. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015.
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Cervantes, Richard C., and Thuy Bui. Redefining the Contexts of Acculturation Related Stress Among Latino Adults. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.31.
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The scientific and clinical need to advance understanding of the processes related to Hispanic acculturation and its impacts is pressing. This chapter articulates how acculturation stress and related specific stressor events occur within distinct life domains or contexts. New research is juxtaposed to previous research that demonstrated how acculturation stressors cluster in unique, orthogonal, and independent life domains among both adult and adolescent Hispanics. This chapter refers to contexts of acculturation stress as spheres of life or domains that entail social and psychological interactions with the dominant, receiving culture. New research is presented on the relationship between acculturation stress context among adult Hispanics and mental health indicators. Understanding the contexts in which acculturation-related stress can impact Latinos is critical to health and behavioral health programming, where such information can assist in the development, adaptation, and tailoring of prevention and interventions that are more acceptable and relevant for this growing population.
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Tilly, Charles. States, State Transformation, and War. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0011.
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This article employs a stripped-down model of a state: a ruler, an apparatus of rule, a subject population, and external interactions of various sorts, from trade, diplomacy, and mass migration to war. It aims to identify common properties and systematic variations among states, including their involvement in war. First, using the example, of Tiglath-pileser I (ruler of Assyria, 1114–1076 bce), it places Middle Eastern empires in a much wider range of states across the entire world from the state's first emergence toward 3000 bce to the present. The rest of the discussion proceeds through four stages: an analysis of how states maintain themselves, a closer look at war's place in state transformation, a comparison among major types of state, and reflections on states and war in recent world history. Whether the states of today will break that interdependence is one of the day's most pressing political questions.
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Gertler, Meric S. Institutions, Geography, and Economic Life. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.12.
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Institutional approaches to understanding economic activity have become widespread in recent years. Both economists and economic geographers have embraced the idea that institutions shape, constrain, and enable economic behaviour, and that the nature of this relationship will vary according to the institutional architecture of particular geographical spaces. While much work has focused on national institutions, geographers have shown interest in the role and influence of regional institutions in shaping economic behaviour. Economists have largely confined their analysis to how formal national institutions shape aggregate outcomes of nation states. While geographers have begun to focus on the question of how regional institutions interact with national institutions, the analysis still remains preliminary and tentative. Equally pressing questions pertain to the processes of institutional change—both regional and national, the role and influence of individual agency, and the extent to which the path and direction of institutional evolution are predictable.
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Shea, Nicholas. Representation in Cognitive Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812883.001.0001.
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The representational theory of mind (RTM) has given us the powerful insight that thinking consists of the processing of mental representations. Behaviour is the result of these cognitive processes and makes sense in the light of their contents. There is no widely accepted account of how representations get their content – of the metaphysics of representational content. That question, usually asked about representations at the personal level like beliefs and conscious states, is equally pressing for the subpersonal representations that pervade our best explanatory theories in cognitive science. This book argues that well-understood naturalistic resources can be combined to provide an account of subpersonal representational content. It shows how contents arise in a series of detailed case studies in cognitive science. The account is pluralistic, allowing that content is constituted differently in different cases. Building on insights from previous theories, especially teleosemantics, the accounts combine an appeal to correlational information and structural correspondence with an expanded notion of etiological function, which captures the kinds of stabilizing processes that give rise to content. The accounts support a distinction between descriptive and directive content. They also allow us to see how representational explanation gets its distinctive explanatory purchase.
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Lake, Peter. Tragedy and Religion. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.11.
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In the post-Reformation period the relationships between revenge and justice and between revenge and political resistance became newly pressing and problematic. This chapter argues that in his two revenge tragedies of the Elizabethan fin de siècle, Titus Andronicus and Hamlet, Shakespeare stages those relationships and the concomitant difficulties. In each case he was arguably using the temporal and geographical distance afforded him by the play's setting—in the case of Titus, a remote, wholly pagan, and entirely made-up Rome, and in the case of Hamlet an entirely foreign and temporally remote (albeit also remarkably contemporary) Denmark—in order to address questions that in the context of a play about recent English history might have proven a little too close to home. The two plays share certain central characteristics—Hamlet indeed might well be read as something of a reworking of Titus—and this chapter proceeds through a comparison between the two, organized around the central triad of revenge, religion, and resistance.
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Leland, Suzanne, and Holly Whisman. Local Legislatures. Edited by Donald P. Haider-Markel. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579679.013.017.
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Local government legislatures range from large urban city councils and county commissions to rural school boards. These bodies are shaped by state law and are quite diverse in their policymaking and administrative responsibilities. This article presents an overview of the current research on local legislatures, their structures, functions, and powers. The authors assess the body of research for each type, including cities, counties, and special purpose governments, and identify research opportunities of importance to local legislatures. The authors conclude that research has been hampered by the diversity of local governments and the limited comparability of units, and therefore tends toward methodologies that focus on contextual specificity. This is a complication that is likely to continue to influence the ability of researchers to address issues of decision-making, accountability, cooperation and other important questions using quantitative analyses, despite the pressing need to understand the impact of local legislatures in order to make informed choices about how to proceed in an increasingly complex realm of local government.
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Monshipouri, Mahmood. Contemporary Sources of Human Rights Violations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.132.
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Given the systematic threats facing humanity, there is an urgent need for new thinking about the human rights project. The most prevalent form of global abuse exists in the form of violence against women and children. Sexual violence has been considered the most pervasive, yet least recognized human rights, abuse in the world. Equally prevalent among the modern sources of threats to physical integrity rights are the pervasive practice of torture and the issue of poverty and the threats it poses to human dignity and human rights. Individual civil-political rights and the rights of minorities, including women, ethnic and religious minorities, and indigenous people have been protected at times and violated at other times by states. Moreover, some observers argue that group rights should be properly understood as an extension of the already recognized collective rights to self-determination of people. But this broad spectrum of human rights violations can be organized into two categories: domestic and international. The domestic sources include both local and national sources of human rights abuses, and international sources entail international and global dimensions. These analyses are interconnected and reinforcing, but they can be contradictory at times. Understanding such complex interrelations is a necessary condition for describing factors and processes leading to abuses. In an applied sense, this understanding is essential for suggesting how we should proceed with the protection of basic human rights. Although there is agreement on the most pressing problems of human suffering, there is no consensus over the answers.
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Mazzuca, Sebastián. Latecomer State Formation. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300248951.001.0001.
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Latin American governments systematically fail to provide the key public goods for their societies to prosper. This book argues this is because nineteenth-century Latin American state-formation occurred in a period when commerce, rather than war, was the key driver forging countries. Latin American leaders pursued the benefits of international trade at the cost of long-term liabilities built into the countries they forged, notably patrimonial administrations and dysfunctional regional combinations. The book begins with a background on comparative state-formation, introducing the idea that the timing of state-formation in world history is crucial. It develops a theory that explains cases of state-formation with and without state building. It also lays the groundwork for the study of comparative state-formation and highlights the difference between state-formation and smaller-scale political processes. The book examines the two processes of state-formation: territory consolidation and violence monopolization. It then considers how the state-formation in Latin America occurred under extremely auspicious international economic and geopolitical conditions. The book concludes that the nineteenth-century state-formation is a key to understanding some of the most pressing issues in contemporary Latin America. It suggests that some paths of state-formation do not lead to state building, and a subset of them create durable obstacles it.
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Kingsford, Mike, and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg. Great Barrier Reef. Edited by Pat Hutchings. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098275.
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The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is 344 400 square kilometres in size and is home to one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. This comprehensive guide describes the organisms and ecosystems of the Great Barrier Reef, as well as the biological, chemical and physical processes that influence them. Contemporary pressing issues such as climate change, coral bleaching, coral disease and the challenges of coral reef fisheries are also discussed.
In addition,the book includes a field guide that will help people to identify the common animals and plants on the reef, then to delve into the book to learn more about the roles the biota play.
Beautifully illustrated and with contributions from 33 international experts, The Great Barrier Reef is a must-read for the interested reef tourist, student, researcher and environmental manager. While it has an Australian focus, it can equally be used as a baseline text for most Indo-Pacific coral reefs.
Winner of a Whitley Certificate of Commendation for 2009.
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Biel Portero, Israel, Andrea Carolina Casanova Mejía, Amanda Janneth Riascos Mora, Alba Lucy Ortega Salas, Luis Andrés Salas Zambrano, Franco Andrés Montenegro Coral, Julie Andrea Benavides Melo, et al. Challenges and alternatives towards peacebuilding. Edited by Ángela Marcela Castillo Burbano and Claudia Andrea Guerrero Martínez. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/9789587602388.
Full textAbstract:
Rural development and peacebuilding in Colombia have been highly prioritized by higher education institutions since the signing of the Peace Agreement between the National Government and the FARC-EP. This has resulted in the need to further analyze rural strategies that contribute towards a better life for the population of territories where armed conflict is coming to an end, whilst understanding the pressing uncertainty that this process implies; on the one hand, for the urgency of generating rapid and concrete responses to social justice and equity, and on the other, because fulfilling the agreement guarantees scenarios of non-repetition of the war in the country. These were some of the reflections that motivated the research project “Rural development alternatives for peacebuilding: educational strategies to strengthen the ability of producers and young people that contribute to the coffee production chain in the municipalities of Leiva, Policarpa and Los Andes of the department of Narino, with international impact in the province of Carchi-Ecuador”. This work is presented as an investigative result that contains the analysis of theoretical and territorial Dynamic contributions regarding the construction of peace, education and the economy for rural development. The book is made up of three parts: Part 1 gathers sociological, legal and demographic works on the challenges of peacebuilding with the national and departmental context of Narino, and looks at human rights from the perspective of population health and quality of life. Part 2 presents texts on the dynamics of rural education in Colombia; national challenges and lessons learned based on case studies of specific forms of education. Part 3 presents economic analyses regarding the models that are behind the conception of rural development and the productive and institutional dynamics of the local sphere for the generation of employment and income. All three parts are relevant at both the national level and also the more specific area of the department of Narino and within this, the Cordillera region. This area, historically affected by the armed conflict, despite experiencing continuing uncertainty regarding the resurgence of violence and the increase in illegal crops, has also reignited hope with regards to finding solutions to the problems seen in the countryside; through educational, community and productive experiments. Although there are contradictory dynamics, the authors agree that the rural territory is a scene of permanent and collective construction, mediated by constant social struggles and power disputes with the State. It is therefore necessary to rethink the strategies for implementing the Peace Agreement in this region, with participatory scenarios being provided to include the rationale specific to rurality, such as: justice and reconciliation, social pedagogy, pertinence of study and student retention rates, social and solidarity economy, productive associativity, demographic conditions and health; including the physical, mental and social wellbeing of rural workers. With this work, we hope to reflect collectively with academics and human rights activists, spurring an increase in studies of rural areas and those analyses of community and innovative strategies that reinforce the road towards the construction of a lasting peace with social justice in Colombia.
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Magda, Raczynska. The Law of Tracing in Commercial Transactions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198796138.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
A pressing problem often facing commercial practitioners is how to determine the principle which would dictate when a proprietary claim is available and when it is not. This book explains the nature and structure of key interests in property in commercial transactions and analyses the incidence of proprietary claims available to holders of different interests in assets. It starts by identifying the structure of those interests which the author terms ‘lesser proprietary interests’, comprising security interests and interests based on retention of title in contracts of sale of goods, hire-purchase agreements, and leases, thereby contributing to the understanding of concepts which are traditionally used to explain this area of law such as bailment and fiduciary relationship. The book examines the circumstances in which the interests are lost and the extent to which proprietary claims can be asserted in assets that derive from the original subject matter, that is proceeds, products and income, as well as in accretions. It examines these claims at three levels: as a matter of default rules in the absence of misappropriation of the original subject matter; as a matter of contract; and in circumstances in which the original subject matter has been misappropriated. The book approaches the topic of tracing and derived assets in commercial transactions on a principled basis.
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Machiavelli in Brussels: The Art of Lobbying the EU. Amsterdam University Press, 2002.
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Schendelen, Rinus van. Machiavelli in Brussels: The Art of Lobbying the EU, Second Edition. 2nd ed. Amsterdam University Press, 2006.
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Machiavelli in Brussels: The Art of Lobbying the EU. Amsterdam University Press, 2002.
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Schendelen, Rinus van. Machiavelli in Brussels: The Art of Lobbying the EU, Second Edition. Amsterdam University Press, 2006.
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DeRubeis, Robert J., and Daniel R. Strunk, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Mood disorders are a pressing societal problem, with depression alone now constituting a leading cause of disability in Western Europe and the United States. In the most comprehensive volume of its kind, the Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders provides detailed coverage of the characterization, understanding, and treatment of mood disorders. Chapters are written by the world’s leading experts in their respective areas. The Handbook provides coverage of unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and variants of these disorders. Current approaches to classifying the mood disorders are reviewed, and contemporary controversies are placed in historical context. Chapter authors offer a variety of approaches to understanding the heterogeneity of the experiences of those who meet criteria for mood disorders, both within and across cultures. The role of genetic and environmental risk factors as well as premorbid personality and cognitive processes in the development of mood pathology are detailed. Interpersonal, neurobiological, and psychological factors also receive detailed consideration. The volume reviews mood disorders in special populations (e.g., postpartum and seasonal mood disorders) as well as common comorbidities (e.g., anxiety, substance use disorders). Somatic and psychosocial treatment approaches receive in-depth coverage with chapters that describe and review empirical evidence regarding each of the most influential treatment approaches. The depth and breadth offered by the Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders make it an invaluable resource for clinicians and researchers, as well as for scholars and students.
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Dunlop, Claire, ed. Policy Learning and Policy Failure. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352006.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
First published as a special issue of Policy & Politics, this updated volume explores policy failures and the valuable opportunities for learning that they offer. The book begins with an overview of policy learning and policy failure. The links between the two appear obvious, yet there are very few studies that address how one can learn from failure, learn to limit failure, and fail to learn. The book attempts to bring the two together. In doing so, it explores how dysfunctional forms of policy learning impact policy failure at the meso-level. The book expands on this by demonstrating how different learning processes generated by actors at the meso-level mediate the extent to which policy transfer is a success or failure. It re-assesses some of the literature on policy transfer and policy diffusion, in light of ideas as to what constitutes failure, partial failure, or limited success. This is followed by an examination of situations in which the incentives of partisanship can encourage a government to actively seek to exacerbate an existing policy failure rather than to repair it. The book studies the connections between repeated assessments of policy failure and subsequent opportunities for system-wide policy learning and reform. Finally, it introduces the idea of ‘policy myopia’ as a pressing source of failure in policy making and explores the possibility of developing policies that learn to help mitigate its impacts.
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Narkunas, J. Paul. Reified Life. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823280308.001.0001.
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Reified Life: Speculative Capital and the Ahuman Condition addresses the most pressing political question of the 21st century: what forms of life are free and what forms are perceived legally and economically as surplus or expendable, human and otherwise. Reified Life theorizes the dangerous social implications of a posthuman future, whereby human agency is secondary to algorithmic processes, digital protocols, speculative financial instruments, and nonhuman market and technological forces. Narkunas contends that it is premature to speak of a posthuman or inhuman future, or employ an ‘ism, given how dynamic and contingent human practices and their material figurations can be. Over several chapters he diagnoses the rise of “market humans,” the instrumentalization of culture to decide the life worth living along utilitarian categories, and the varied ways human rights and humanitarianism actually throw members of the species like refugees outside the human order. Reified Life argues against posthumanist calls to abandon the human and humanism, and instead proposes the ahuman to think alongside the human. Reified Life elaborates speculative fictions as critical mechanisms for envisioning alternative futures and freedoms from the domineering forces of speculative capital, whose fictions have become our realities. Narkunas offers, to that end, a novel interpretation of the post-anthropocentric turn in the humanities by linking the diminished centrality of humanism to the waning dominion of nation-states over their populations and the intensification of financial capitalism, which reconfigures politics along economic categories of risk management.
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Takim, Liyakat. Shi'ism Revisited. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197606575.001.0001.
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Contemporary Muslims face the challenge of how a legal system that was formulated in the classical period of Islam can respond to the multitudinous challenges that present-day Muslims encounter. Is there a need for reformation in Islam? If so, where should it begin and in which direction should it proceed? Addressing this gap in Western scholarship, and contributing to the ongoing debate in Islamic scholarship, Shi‘ism Revisited: Ijtihad and Reformation in Contemporary Times (1) explores how modernity has impinged on the classical formulation of Islamic law, and (2) analyzes how Shi‘i jurists have responded to the intersection of shari’a (Islamic law) and modernity. The study is original and groundbreaking in that it seeks to tackle issues such as how Islamic law is being revised by Shi‘i scholars on cases such as human rights, gender equality, the rights of non-Muslim minorities, and reconfiguring the rational and moral basis of Islamic law. Such questions have required scholars to apply ijtihad (independent reasoning) in providing solutions to the pressing questions in the religious and social fields. By examining the principles and application of Islamic legal theory (usul al-fiqh) and reformation in Shi‘ism, as well as the current discourse on juristic hermeneutics and the basis of a new ijtihad, this research addresses topics that have attracted much public attention. Since such issues have been largely neglected by Western scholarship, this book provides a unique analysis of ijtihad and reformation in the Shi‘i world.
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Koppell, Carla, ed. Untapped Power. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197611609.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Untapped Power, brings together scholars, policy makers, researchers, and activists to provide a comprehensive overview for understanding why an enduring global commitment to diversity and inclusion is essential, and how to advance that agenda in practical terms. The book presents diversity trends and movements for inclusion; outlines specific strategies and approaches for promoting inclusion throughout peacebuilding and development processes; and discusses the priorities for advancing the agenda through research, advocacy, financial investments, and programming. The book overviews the business case for inclusion by comprehensively detailing the dividends for economic development, social cohesion, conflict resolution and peacebuilding that accrue from leveraging diversity. Further, the volume details the consequences of exclusionary approaches to international affairs, specifically the connections to intractable conflict, militancy, terrorism, and enduring poverty and under-development. Expert authors also reflect on a range of movements for inclusion, including those around gender equality and women, indigenous communities, LGBTQI people, ethnic, racial and religious minorities, and those with disabilities, among others. Chapters discuss strategies for managing and leveraging diversity, advancing inclusion to prevent and resolve violent conflict, and promoting sustainable development. Overall, the book synthesizes theory, research, and analysis to show the necessity of an enduring global commitment to diversity and inclusion, and reveals how to advance that agenda. A guide to one of the most pressing issues in world politics, this book is perfect for teaching about diversity, equity and inclusion. It is also essential reading for those working in global development, conflict resolution, or peace building.
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Powers, Madison, and Ruth Faden. Structural Injustice. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190053987.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book develops a theory of structural injustice that forges important links between human rights norms and fairness norms. Norms of both kinds are underpinned by a conception of well-being. This conception provides the foundation for human rights, explains the depth of unfairness of systematic patterns of disadvantage, and locates the fundamental unfairness of power relations in forms of control some groups have over the well-being of other groups. In addition, the theory applies to circumstances in which structurally unfair patterns of power and advantage and human rights violations are routinely intertwined. Unlike theories tailored to circumstances in which structural injustices emerge from largely benign social processes, this theory addresses more typical patterns of structural injustice in which the wrongful conduct of identifiable agents is manifested in creating or sustaining mutually reinforcing forms of injustice. These patterns exist both within different types of nation-states and in interactions across national boundaries. However, the theory rejects the claim that for a structural theory to be so broadly applicable its central claims must be universally endorsable within multiple ethical frameworks. Instead, the theory draws support from examples of structural injustice around the world, and the insights and perspectives of related social movements. The theory also differs from approaches that make enhanced democratic decision-making or the global extension of republican institutions the centerpiece of their proposed remedies. Its focus is on justifiable forms of resistance in circumstances in which institutions are unwilling or unable to address pressing issues of injustice.
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Cruft, Rowan. Human Rights, Ownership, and the Individual. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793366.001.0001.
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What do we mean by rights, and can our use of the concept be justified? This book offers a partial vindication of the concept of a right, defending its use in relation to human rights while questioning it in relation to property. It starts with a new ‘Addressive’ account of the nature of rights as bringing together duty-bearer and right-holder first-personally—a theory which moves beyond and complements traditional Interest and Will Theories. This Addressive account implies that a right exists pre-institutionally (as a ‘natural’ or ‘moral’ right) only when a duty owes its existence predominantly to the right-holder’s good. On this basis, the book defends human rights law and practice as justifiably institutionalizing certain pre-legal moral rights held against other individuals and the state, including socio-economic rights. This defence proceeds independently of whichever conception of ‘the important human features’ (e.g. agency, capabilities, freedoms, interests, needs) one takes to underpin human rights—though it does depend on a distinction between individual and other goods. The book ends by arguing that for much property, conceiving the relevant duties in rights terms can mislead us into overlooking their foundation in the collective good. An alternative non-rights property system—broadly resembling modern markets but not conceived in terms of rights—is outlined. The result is a defence of the rights concept that is more supportive of human rights than many of their critics (from left or right) might expect, while pressing new doubts about much property as an individual right.