Journal articles on the topic 'Presse rurale'
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Denglos, Guillaume. "Une presse franco-marocaine de combat : la revue Maghreb et l’hebdomadaire L’Action du Peuple (1932-1937)." Outre-Mers N° 420-421, no. 2 (April 3, 2024): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/om.420.0023.
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Éditée à Paris de juillet 1932 à janvier 1936, la revue francophone Maghreb fut la première publication à attaquer de front, et avec succès, la politique du Résident général au Maroc Lucien Saint. Fruit d’une entente entre la faction la plus anticoloniale de la SFIO autour de l’arrière-petit-fils de Karl Marx, l’avocat Robert-Jean Longuet, et le mouvement des « Jeunes Marocains », Maghreb apparaît comme la matrice du premier parti politique nationaliste, le Comité d’action marocaine, fondé en décembre 1934. Un an après la création de Maghreb , le jeune journaliste Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani crée à Fès le 4 août 1933 le premier hebdomadaire marocain francophone : L’Action du Peuple . Ces deux aventures éditoriales sont intimement liées. Elles s’inscrivent dans le processus de structuration des réseaux nationalistes maghrébins durant l’entre-deux-guerres, connectés entre Fès, Rabat, Tunis, Alger, Genève, Madrid et Paris. Interdites en mai 1934, Maghreb et L’Action du Peuple symbolisent aussi le passage de témoin au Maroc d’une résistance tribale et rurale définitivement vaincue en 1934 vers un mouvement politique urbain en lien avec ses homologues algériens et tunisiens.
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Stefania Chipa, Giuseppina Cannella, and Giuseppina Rita Jose Mangione. "Modelli di leadership e alliances in “small European schools”. Un’analisi interpretativa su base internazionale." IUL Research 3, no. 5 (June 17, 2022): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.57568/iulres.v3i5.353.
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A livello internazionale, il tema delle scuole piccole e rurali trova nell’educational research numerose prospettive di indagine. Nel 2020, Indire ha avviato una ricerca qualitativa di tipo ricognitivo finalizzata alla nascita di uno Special Interest Group presso European Schoolnet dedicato alle “small and rural schools”. La collaborazione tra ricercatori e pratici può rappresentare lo strumentoper dare vita a “research alliances” e affrontare problemi endemici del contesto. Sono state individuate 24 piccole scuole europee per approfondire le azioni virtuose sulle dimensioni di Leadership e management (visione di scuola, quality team, commissioni, dipartimenti) e di System Innovation (collaborazione con la famiglia, con gli enti locali e Terzo settore, e reti tra scuole del territorio).
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Gallerani Corrêa, Ellen. "O SINDICALISMO DE TRABALHADORES RURAIS COMO OBJETO DE DISPUTA E COMO AGENTE DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE CENTRAIS SINDICAIS NO BRASIL (2003-2017)." Caderno CRH 34 (June 25, 2021): 021004. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v34i0.42338.
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<p>Durante os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), o número de centrais sindicais cresceu no Brasil e uma acirrada competição por representatividade se estabeleceu entre elas. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como essa concorrência se manifestou no movimento sindical por meio do estudo de caso do sindicalismo de trabalhadores rurais, enfatizando as mudanças ocorridas na Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores Rurais Agricultores e Agricultoras Familiares (Contag), a principal entidade sindical desse segmento. A investigação foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com dirigentes e assessores sindicais, análise de documentos e imprensa sindical e observação de eventos de entidades selecionadas. Concluímos que a criação de novas centrais sindicais e a possibilidade de obter o seu reconhecimento legal nos anos 2000 estimularam alianças e rupturas no sindicalismo de trabalhadores rurais, as quais levaram à formação de novas entidades rurais e retroalimentaram o processo de criação de centrais.</p><p><strong>RURAL WORKERS’ UNIONISM AS AN OBJECT OF DISPUTE AND AS AN AGENT FOR THE CREATION OF UNION FEDERATIONS IN BRAZIL (2003-2017)</strong><br /><br />During the Worker’s Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores – PT) governments the number of union federations grew in Brazil, establishing a fierce competition<br />for representation between them. This article analyzes how this competition manifested in the labor movement by the case study of rural workers’<br />unionism, emphasizing the changes that occurred in the Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores Rurais Agricultores e Agricultoras Familiares (Contag), the main union entity in this segment. The study comprised interviews with union leaders and advisors, analysis of documents and union press and observation of events from selected entities. We conclude that the creation of new federations and the possibility of obtaining their legal recognition in the 2000s promoted alliances and ruptures in rural workers’ unionism, leading to the formation of<br />new rural entities and fed back into the process of creating union federations.</p><p>Keywords: Union Federations. Rural Unionism. Rural Workers. Rural Social Movements. PT Governments.</p><p><strong>LE SYNDICALISME DES TRAVAILLEURS RURAUX </strong><strong>COMME OBJET DE DISPUTE ET COMME </strong><strong>AGENT DE CONSTRUCTION DES CENTRALES </strong><strong>SYNDICALES AU BRÉSIL (2003-2017)</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Sous les gouvernements du Parti des travailleurs (Partido dos Trabalhadores – PT), le nombre de centrales syndicales a augmenté au Brésil et une<br />concurrence féroce pour la représentation s’est établie entre elles. Cet article analyse comment cette concurrence s’est manifestée dans le mouvement<br />syndical à travers une étude de cas du syndicalisme des travailleurs ruraux, en soulignant les changements survenus au sein de la Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores Rurais Agricultores e Agricultoras Familiares (Contag), la principale entité syndicale de ce segment. La recherche a été menée par le biais d’entretiens avec des dirigeants et des conseillers syndicaux, d’une analyse de documents et de la presse syndicale et de l’observation des événements des entités sélectionnées. On conclut que la création de nouvelles centrales syndicales et la possibilité d’obtenir leur reconnaissance légale dans les années 2000 ont stimulé les alliances et les ruptures dans le syndicalisme des travailleurs ruraux, ce qui a conduit à la formation de nouvelles entités rurales et a alimenté « en retour » le processus de création de centrales.</p><p>Mots-clés: Centrales Syndicales. Syndicalisme Rural. Travailleurs Ruraux. Mouvements Sociaux. Ruraux. Gouvernement du PT.</p>
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Faucher, Albert. "Pouvoir politique et pouvoir économique dans l'évolution du Canada français." III. Les structures du pouvoir social 7, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2005): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/055299ar.
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La notion de pouvoir économique, en soi, ne suscite guère d'intérêt : elle est trop vague. Mais elle peut devenir intéressante si on se demande qui utilise le pouvoir économique, par quels moyens, à quelles fins. En somme, il faut relier la notion imprécise de pouvoir économique à la notion concrète de contrôle. Le monde des affaires est animé d'une dynamique tendue vers le contrôle ou vers la recherche de moyens propres à contrôler, à limiter ou à utiliser la faculté que possèdent les autres de prendre des décisions ou de s'immiscer dans le mécanisme des décisions. Les façons d'accéder au contrôle peuvent varier avec les divers groupes qui recherchent le contrôle. Le public, sorte de pouvoir amorphe et diffus, constitue une cible que tous les groupes s'efforcent d'atteindre mais d'une façon particulière. On le considère ordinairement comme passif et malléable, et c'est à cause de ce pouvoir latent qu'il représente que les groupes tendus vers le contrôle attachent tant d'importance à la presse et au clergé, deux puissances capables de le noyauter et de le canaliser en fonction de quelque contrôle. Le meilleur des énergies visant le contrôle demeure quand même tourné vers le gouvernement, car celui-ci représente à la fois une source de pouvoir et un champ de bataille. Que les hommes d'affaires essaient de le contrôler, directement ou indirectement, par la voie de l'opinion publique, ou par quelque groupe de pression susceptible d'influencer le cours des décisions, les deux principaux concurrents dans la recherche du contrôle demeurent les dirigeants d'entreprises et les gouvernants. Les hommes d'affaires essaient de refouler la vague montante des interventions gouvernementales, d'éviter les règlements ou de brimer une législation susceptible d'entraver les mouvements de l'entreprise. De son côté, le gouvernement essaie de développer ses fonctions, de se tenir en forme, de se maintenir aussi efficace que la direction des affaires prétend l'être. L'un et l'autre groupes soutiennent qu'ils ne veulent rien d'autre que le bien-être du peuple. C'est par le moyen des groupes de pression que l'on tend à influencer l'action politique et c'est une tension qui veut s'installer en permanence et non comme simple rouage d'élection. Les élections ne représentent plus qu'un épisode dans le processus politique, surtout lorsque s'affrontent, au niveau de l'entreprise, des groupes incarnant deux philosophies différentes de propriété et de contrôle, l'un favorisant la socialisation, l'autre la libre entreprise en tout et partout. Et qui niera l'importance de la grande entreprise moderne comme moyen de contrôle, puisque, par sa structure légale et financière, elle diffuse à l'extrême la propriété, source potentielle de pouvoir, et centralise à l'extrême aussi le contrôle qui est source de gouvernement ? A partir de ces constatations préliminaires, nous pouvons élaborer un outillage rudimentaire qui nous tiendra lieu de modèle d'analyse historique et dont les éléments nous amènent à poser le problème par rapport au concept de conflit. Ces éléments sont les suivants : 1° Les champs d'opération ou, en termes plus abstraits, les espaces économiques propres à chaque engagement ou à chaque conflit ; 2° Les organisations ou les institutions en cause ; 3° Les objectifs ; 4° Les tactiques et les règles administratives du conflit. On pourrait ajouter un cinquième élément : la référence à quelque schème de valeur, si celui-ci n'était pas déjà sous-entendu. L'exposé qui suit comprend trois parties : I. Le destin des contrôles économiques dans la société pré-industrielle du Québec — ce qui veut être une réflexion sur la situation de contrôle du gouvernement que privilégie une société à prédominance rurale. IL Les contrôles économiques et les fonctions politiques dans l'évolution industrielle et commerciale du Québec — ce qui comporte une étude sommaire de deux cas, dans l'optique indiquée précédemment : a) l'énergie électrique ; b) l'industrie des pâtes et du papier. III. L'origine, le fondement et les objectifs du contrôle économique exercé par les grandes entreprises des pâtes et du papier et de l'hydroélectricité — ce qui sous-entend que les deux types d'entreprises peuvent être envisagés dans l'optique d'un contrôle qu'ils visent en commun.
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Loney, Matt. "Pacific rural publishing: Eastern Star case study in PNG." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v8i1.736.
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Ideas have been floated around the South Pacific setting up multiple small village-scale presses- call them micro-pressess ... But computer-based desktop publishing is now a more viable option than ever... Appropriate technology does not necessarily mean low technology.
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DA SILVA, CARLOS GUARDADO. "PATRIMÓNIO RURAL DO MOSTEIRO DE SáƒO VICENTE DE FORA (LISBOA): séculos XII-XIII." Outros Tempos: Pesquisa em Foco - História 14, no. 23 (June 26, 2017): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18817/ot.v14i23.578.
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O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa e suportado em pesquisa documental, analisa o sistema de organização económica e a gestão do aro rural, nomeadamente a evolução das relações que se estabeleceram entre o Mosteiro de São Vicente de Fora e os particulares, assim como a diversificação e a expansão do seu património rural, mais intensas junto da cidade de Lisboa. Parte da conquista de Lisboa e da fundação do Mosteiro, em meados do século XII, seguindo-se uma análise do processo de formação e estruturação do património monástico, bem como das formas e estratégias de aquisição patrimonial, terminando com a composição da propriedade rural. Depois são apresentados os resultados, predominando na paisagem rural, por ordem decrescente, as herdades de ”pão”, as vinhas e os olivais, a par de outro tipo de propriedades rurais, assim como dos meios de transformação: moinhos e azenhas, lagares de vinho e azeite e fornos. Conclui que o Mosteiro adquirira e possuáa um património concentrado na região de Lisboa, apesar da sua influência se estender a nável nacional, dados os direitos e os privilégios que possuáa no reino. Palavras-chave: História Medieval. Mosteiro de São Vicente de Fora. Património Rural. Propriedade rural. Paisagem rural. Portugal. Séculos XII-XIII.RURAL HERITAGE OF THE MONASTERY OF SáƒO VICENTE DE FORA (LISBOA): 12th-13th centuriesAbstract: This present study, of qualitative nature and based on documentary research, analyzes the economical organization system and the management of rural suburbs, namely the evolution of relationships fostered between the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora and individuals, as well as the diversification and expansion of its rural heritage, which had a higher intensity near the city of Lisbon. Tracing back from the conquest of Lisbon and the foundation of the monastery, in the middle of the twelfth century, conducting an analysis on the processes of formation and structuration of monastic heritage, as well as on the mechanisms and strategies of patrimony acquisition and, lastly, on rural property composition. Afterwards, it presents the results, predominantly in rural landscape, in a descending order, are bread farms, vineyards and olive groves, and other type of rural properties, as much as of means of processing: mills and watermills, wine and olive presses, and ovens. It concludes that the Monastery acquired and owned a concentrated heritage mostly in the region of Lisbon, although its influence reached a national level due to the rights and privileges that it possessed in the kingdom. Keywords: Medieval History. Monastery of São Vicente de Fora. Rural Heritage. Rural Heritage. Rural landscape. Portugal. 12th-13th centuries.PATRIMONIO RURAL DEL MONASTERIO DE SAN VICENTE DE FORA (LISBOA): siglos XII-XIIIResumen: El presente estudio, de naturaleza cualitativa y apoyado en investigación documental, analiza el sistema de organización económica y la gestión del aro rural, en particular la evolución de las relaciones que se establecieron entre el Monasterio de San Vicente de Fora y los particulares, asá como La diversificación y la expansión de su patrimonio rural, más intensas al redor de la ciudad de Lisboa. Parte de la conquista de Lisboa y de la fundación del Monasterio, a mediados del siglo XII, siguiendo un análisis del proceso de formación y estructuración del patrimonio monástico, asá como de las formas y estrategias de adquisición patrimonial, terminando con la composición de la propiedad rural. A continuación se presentan los resultados, predominando en el paisaje rural, por orden decreciente, las hereditates de "pan", las viñas y los olivares, junto a otro tipo de propiedades rurales, asá como de los medios de transformación: molinos y aceñas, lagares de vino y aceite y hornos de pan. Concluye que el Monasterio habáa adquirido y poseáa un patrimonio concentrado en la región de Lisboa, a pesar de su influencia extendida a nável nacional, en virtud de los derechos y los privilegios que poseáa en el reino.Palabras clave: Historia Medieval. Monasterio de San Vicente de Fora. Patrimonio Rural. Propiedad rural. Paisaje rural. Siglos XII-XIII.
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Filip-Gherman, Viorel. "Chiesa e società in Transilvania all’inizio del XX secolo. La confutazione del prete come preliminario per il passaggio al neoprotestantesimo: il caso della parrocchia Mașca (zona di Lăpuș, provincia di Maramureș)." Journal of Church History 2020, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jch.2020.2.5.
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Riassunto: Il presente saggio offre un contributo documentario significativo al fine di capire meglio i “rapporti di potere” a livello delle comunità rurali della Transilvania della seconda metà del XIX secolo ed all’inizio del successivo. In base ad una documentazione rintracciata attraverso ricerche su fondi d’archivio, collocati presso il Servizio Distrettuale Maramureș degli Archivi Nazionali della Romania, viene presentato “il dossier” di un conflitto locale protrattosi per un periodo lungo e che finì per indebolire l’identità confessionale iniziale di una comunità rurale del nord della Transilvania, rendendo così possibile il passaggio ad un’altra confessione religiosa, ad una protestante, nel caso di cui ci stiamo occupando. Si tratta della parrocchia ortodossa romena Mașca (che cambiò il nome dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, diventando Răzoare), dove il giovane prete Ioan Dobre fu incaricato, nel 1905, anche dell’incombenza di insegnante nella scuola locale, gestita appunto dalla stessa parrocchia ortodossa del villaggio. Questo episodio fu l’inizio di un rapporto teso tra il sacerdote, il comitato della parrocchia locale e il rispettivo decanato ortodosso (con sede nella città di Dej, capoluogo di provincia prima e dopo il 1918), che peggiorò durante il tempo e che si prolungò a lungo. Questo stato di cose fece sì che la Mașca fosse una delle parrocchie della zona di Lăpuș (distretto di Maramureș), più segnata dal passaggio al neoprotestantesimo.
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Chiara, Verona, and Guido Cilio. "Construcción de la figura del docente rural en la prensa gráfica argentina." Educación, Lenguaje y Sociedad 19, no. 19 (June 1, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/els-2021-191903.
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Canto Valdés, Luis Roberto, Maritel Yanes Pérez, and Dora Elia Ramos Muñoz. "El crimen de Tekax: la crónica periodística y su narrativa crítica en Yucatán en 1890 / The crime of Tekax: the journalistic chronicle and its critical narrative inYucatán in 1890." Revista Trace, no. 79 (January 29, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.79.2021.743.
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Se documenta la nota roja publicada sobre un crimen acontecido en una hacienda henequenera de Tekax, Yucatán, en 1890. Se analiza el manejo que la prensa dio a un homicidio, mientras se explica cómo se construyó el control social en el Yucatán rural, y se exploran las razones por las que el periodismo yucateco se interesó en el suceso. El interés del trabajo es explicar cómo la prensa decimonónica meridana presentó evidencias sobre el homicidio de un jornalero y mostró evidencias de cómo se integró en su nota roja una crítica a las condiciones laborales y al andamiaje legal y de investigación que cimentaban el maltrato de los jornaleros mayas por el personal del hacendado.Abstract: The «red note» published on a crime occurred in a henequen farm of Tekax Yucatan in 1890 is documented. The handling of the press gave homicide is analyzed, while explaining how social control was built in rural Yucatan, and the reasons why Yucatecan journalism was interested in the event. This work explain how the nineteenthcentury press of Merida presented evidence about the murder of a day laborer and showed evidence of how a criticism of working conditions and legal and investigative scaffolding that cemented the mistreatment of day laborers was integrated in their red note Maya by the landowner’s staff.Keywords: social control; social change; journalism; social critic; homicide.Résumé : Il s’agit d’une note rouge publiée à propos d’un crime survenu dans une exploitation d’henequen à Tekax, Yucatan en 1890. Est ainsi analysée la manière dont la presse a rendu compte d’un assassinat, tout en expliquant comment fonctionnait le contrôle social dans le Yucatan rural, et pourquoi le journalisme du Yucatan s’est intéressé à cet évènement. L’intérêt de cet article se trouve dans la manière de rendre compte d’un double processus : la presse de Mérida a présenté les preuves de l’assassinat d’un travailleur journalier, tout en intégrant dans la note rouge une critique des conditions de travail et une analyse de l’échafaudage juridique qui a contribué aux mauvais traitements subis par les journaliers mayas de la part du personnel du grand propriétaire.Mots-clés : contrôle social ; changement social ; journalisme ; critique sociale ; assassinat.
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Domatob, Jerry Kombia. "Radio Cameroun and Rural Exodus :·Policy and Problems." Présence Africaine 135, no. 3 (1985): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/presa.135.0022.
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Ashkenazi, Jacob, and Mordechai Aviam. "Monasteries and Villages: Rural Economy and Religious Interdependency in Late Antique Palestine." Vigiliae Christianae 71, no. 2 (March 9, 2017): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341297.
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Monasticism played a significant role in the Late Antique economy of the Holy Land, as it did in neighboring regions, a role that can be traced both in hagiography and in archaeology. Though holy men settled in secluded monasteries in the desert of the Holy City, most of the monks of Palestine were living in and near villages throughout the land. The rural monastery housed presses that produced wine and oil in quantities exceeding the needs of the local monastic community. It seems that the monasteries, in addition to their obvious spiritual and religious functions, served as part of the region’s economy, thus creating substantial relations with their lay neighbors.
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Gupta, V. S. "Rural Press Development in India." Media Asia 14, no. 2 (January 1987): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1987.11726245.
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Saelan, Ahmad. "Rural Press Development in Indonesia*." Media Asia 14, no. 2 (January 1987): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1987.11726247.
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Baesso, Murilo Mesquita, Jamile Raquel Regazzo, Cíntia Cristina Soares, Isabela Marcelino Zanolli, Luís Fernando Soares Zuin, and Adriano Rogério Bruno Tech. "A segurança como aliada na produtividade: avaliação de riscos de acidentes com máquinas agrícolas e a importância da prevenção." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 680–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv7n1-051.
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O desenvolvimento de tecnologias vem trazendo para a agricultura um progresso de mudanças eficazes dentro da produção, o que gera produtos e serviços com mais qualidades. Dito isso, as máquinas agrícolas são um dos exemplos de aplicabilidade dos avanços tecnológicos fornecendo aumento da produtividade no campo, bem-estar do operador e melhorias das operações. Em contrapartida, os índices de acidentes em atividades nas propriedades rurais são consideravelmente maiores que outros setores, como a construção civil. Para mais, dentre as principais causas, são listadas condições de trabalho precárias, ausência de condições mínimas de segurança na plataforma de operação e equipamentos de proteção individual, entre outras. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivos observar a existência de itens de ergonomia e segurança em tratores agrícolas, comparar os resultados com as normas vigentes no Brasil e realizar levantamento dos dados referentes a acidentes no meio rural, ergonomia e segurança nos tratores agrícolas para trabalhadores rurais da região de Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo. Os itens ergonômicos e de segurança do operador foram vistoriados e listados, conforme sua conformidade, em 19 tratores de diferentes fabricantes, potência e ano de fabricação, com o auxílio de uma planilha, na qual constavam todos os itens a serem observados. Para caracterização dos perfis dos operadores de máquinas agrícolas, quanto ao conhecimento das normas de segurança, aspectos ergonômicos e sobre o uso correto de EPIs, foi realizado um levantamento de informações através de questionário sobre segurança no meio rural, aplicado a 100 trabalhadores rurais e 18 funcionários públicos estaduais. Segundo os principais resultados obtido sobre as causas dos acidentes, 37 operadores alegaram falta de atenção (36,27%), seguida de falta de conhecimento (treinamento) com 35 relatos (34,31%), pressa com 15 citações (14,70%), embriaguez ao volante como a causa do acidente de oito entrevistados (7,84%) e, por fim, o cansaço, relatado sete vezes (6,86%). Dessa forma, observou-se que diversos tratores estudados não atendiam às normas vigentes no Brasil relacionadas à segurança no uso de máquinas agrícolas, visto que a maioria dos operadores não utilizam cinto de segurança. Assim, medidas eficazes devem ser tomadas para garantir a conformidade dos equipamentos tendo em vista a integridade dos operadores e proteger sua saúde.
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Clark, C. M. "Trouble at t'mill: industrial archaeology in the 1980s." Antiquity 61, no. 232 (July 1987): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00051978.
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Despite the ‘archaeology’ in its name, industrial archaeology is a world of its own which barely figures in ANTIQUITY or the other general archaeology journals. A consistent trend in recent archaeology has been an interest in landscapes and the physical contexts of settlement, studies by survey rather than excavation of rich spot sites for their own sake. That landscape is usually rural, and its industry – mills, olive presses, or building-stone quarries – of a pastoral nature. Here, an approach is presented in that same spirit, as the archaeology of a more fully industrial landscape.
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Wilmeth, Don B. "The Most American Thing in America: Circuit Chautauqua as Performance." Theatre Survey 47, no. 1 (April 13, 2006): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557406340094.
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Charlotte Canning's The Most American Thing in America: Circuit Chautauqua as Performance bemoans the confusion that still persists in distinguishing the Chautauqua Institution founded in upstate New York in 1874 from Circuit Chautauqua, which existed from 1904 into the Great Depression and toured rural America each summer under the readily identified brown tent (a deliberate contrast to the white top of the circus, which Chautauqua condemned). Canning states that “one is hard-pressed to find significant numbers of people who have ever heard of Circuit Chautauqua…. It does not seem to have entered into the American mythos” (2).
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Kibazoni, Oscar, and Lonaard Damson. "Improvement of Hydraulic Press for Vegetable Oil Expression in Rural Areas." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 34, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v34i1.459.
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Cultivation of oil producing crops especially Jatropha and croton as source of vegetable oil for biodiesel production is being encouraged in rural areas. To recover oil from seed, manual press is the feasible method in rural areas where there is no electricity. Research was conducted to improve hydraulic oil press machine for rural application. Factorsaffecting oil recovery were found to be: moisture content of seeds, operating pressure, seed oil content, and the amount of seeds pressed per batch. Percentage oil recovery was improved by reducing diameter of press cylinder, hence increasing expression pressure, and either reducing amount of seed processed per batch or placing disk within the seeds to improve oil flow. The maximum vegetable oil recovered from Jatropha seeds at a pressure of 20.8 MPa after improvement was 57.5% of the total oil in seeds. There was no significant difference in terms of oil recovery between pressing whole seeds or milled seeds. Suggested further improvement includes: higher pressure than 20.8 MPa, reduced radial distance travelled by oil and replacement of hydraulic jack with a self retracting double acting hydraulic power cylinder to reduce batch cycle.
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Yuehui, Wu. "Rural Development Leads to a Press Boom." Media Asia 14, no. 2 (January 1987): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1987.11726244.
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BROWN, JONATHAN. "Photography and the Rural Press, 1880–1939." Rural History 25, no. 2 (September 4, 2014): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793314000077.
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Abstract:The 1880s saw the introduction of the half-tone as a means of reproducing photographs on the printed page in books and magazines. No editor could afford to ignore this technology and this article examines how it was introduced into magazines catering for a farming and rural readership. It considers the impact of new illustrated magazines and the demand for photographs for reproduction and gives some thought to how historians might profitably use these photographs as evidence.
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Brenny, Katie, and Susan M. Yelich Biniecki. "Supporting future roles of millennials in rural agriculture retail: The role of technology in continuing education solutions." New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2024, no. 181 (March 2024): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ace.20518.
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AbstractRural agriculture retailers, or those engaged in the production of food, fiber, and fuel, are pressed to find just‐in‐time solutions for continual learning with their adult employees, specifically millennials, the generation who will assume future leadership roles. Adult educators in rural settings, or lower populated areas, are encountering rapid technological change and need to transform how they impact learners in and out of the classroom through experiential learning. Technological solutions considered an integral component of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) initiatives, may provide continual learning avenues for millennial employees. This article offers effective ways to engage millennials in agriculture through facilitating peer mentoring, supporting soft skill development, and building the infinite potential of learning and growth in STEM content.
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Harding, Catherine, and Louis Pilotto. "Rural student doctors top city colleagues: Representation of a rural clinical school in the rural press." Australian Journal of Rural Health 18, no. 4 (August 2, 2010): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2010.01147.x.
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Lewit, Tamara. "Oil and wine press technology in its economic context: screw presses, the rural economy and trade in Late Antiquity." Antiquité Tardive 20 (January 2012): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.at.1.103099.
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Brown, Carolyn. "Race and the Construction of Working-Class Masculinity in the Nigerian Coal Industry: The Initial Phase, 1914–1930." International Labor and Working-Class History 69, no. 1 (March 2006): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547906000032.
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This article examines the impact of the capitalist economy, colonial rule, and wage labor on African masculinity and how African ideas about manhood impacted behavior and expectations of work in the coal mines of the Enugu Government Colliery in southeastern Nigeria from 1914 until the great depression. These mines were a “site” where racism became a crucial part of British strategies to control African labor and is one of the first places African workers experienced the “colonial masculinity” of racist white bosses. Both the workplace and the development of the city of Enugu encouraged subordinate local men (local slaves, unmarried men, poor men) to challenge the hegemony of powerful elite rural men in the form of rural revolts by men pressed into the mines and waves of industrial protest against conditions in the mines. Coalminers' presence in and political ties to rural villages led them to push for increased wages used to enhance their standing as men in their communities. Also, both the material and ritual requirements of rural male status and the masculine ethos of coalmining figured critically in workers' assessments of a “just” wage and respectful working conditions. Finally, miners drew strength from their position as “modern,” self-improving rural men to challenge racist (the African “boy”) and emasculating treatment in the mines. At the same time working men drew strength from their jobs in a “modern” industry (and the income they generated) to challenge the power of authoritarian colonial chiefs and elite men in the rural village. The article suggests that by factoring race and masculinity into the analysis of African laboring men scholars can gain new insights into the consciousness of workers.
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Clément, Camille. "Le lieu agricole périurbain : un analyseur de la complexité des constructions territoriales entre actions politiques, débats publics et pratiques spatiales." Nouvelles perspectives en sciences sociales 10, no. 1 (February 4, 2015): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1028436ar.
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Cet article a pour objectif d’éclairer la complexité des constructions et appropriations territoriales à partir de l’étude croisée des actions politiques, débats publics et pratiques spatiales de la communauté de communes du Pays de Lunel (Languedoc). En cours de périurbanisation, ce territoire mise sur son ancrage agricole et rural pour se différencier des agglomérations en expansion de Montpellier et de Nîmes. C’est donc par la thématique agricole qu’une étude qualitative du SCOT (Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale), d’un projet de circuits courts et d’un pôle oenotouristique (actions politiques) ont été étudiés afin de saisir cinq débats publics (étude de la presse régionale et intercommunautaire) qui sont directement en lien avec les choix politiques réalisés par cette instance territoriale. Au final, l’étude montre que ces actions politiques et débats publics doivent être mis en relation avec les pratiques spatiales observées dans le territoire. Ce n’est qu’à l’échelle du lieu agricole périurbain que ces trois notions s’alimentent mutuellement afin de montrer la complexité des appropriations territoriales, appropriations par le politique (actions politiques et débats publics) et appropriations par la pratique.
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Cattivelli, Valentina. "Delimiting Rural Areas: Evidence from the Application of Different Methods Elaborated by Italian Scholars." Land 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101674.
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The present text illustrates the methods developed by Italian scholars to delimit rural areas in the period 2005–2020 and compares the relative territorial representations graphically and quantitatively. In that period, Italian scholars experimented with several methods to delimit territories because they are pressed by the desire to find the one that best described the territories, i.e., was both locally relevant and internationally comparable. This pressure originates from the need to map intermediate territories and redesign urban–rural extremes. In addition, it depends on the need to efficiently allocate national and European funds and circumscribe the corresponding program areas. Finally, it is also strongly related to the desire to internationally compare the economic, social, and environmental performance of homogeneous and permanently delimited territories. The text describes the key features of the methods they developed, such as adopted statistical technique and the spatial unit, the processed variables, and the territorial typologies. The results reveal that municipalities and provinces are preferred as spatial units, while economic and demographic indicators are the most used and elaborated through both relatively simple and articulated statistical techniques. The resulting territorial representations show different degrees of ruralization. While some methods design a mostly weakly urban and rural Italy, others completely ignore rural territories. Where they delimit them, the percentage of the population living in each territorial typology varies a lot. No scholars have either applied the methods at an international level or replicated them in other studies.
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Domingo, Ben. "Rural Press Development in the Philippines (1976–1986)*." Media Asia 14, no. 2 (January 1987): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1987.11726248.
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Reddy, C. G. K. "A Project for the Rural Press in Karnataka." Media Asia 14, no. 2 (January 1987): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.1987.11726249.
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Lombardo, Simone. "I signori della collina. I Fieschi a Genova nel XIV secolo: strategie cittadine di una famiglia aristocratica." SOCIETÀ E STORIA, no. 177 (September 2022): 419–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2022-177001.
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I Fieschi erano una famiglia aristocratica di estrazione rurale, che traeva l'origine della propria potenza dai possedimenti nel contado e si era insediata a Genova seguendo strategie più o meno coscienti, analizzate nell'articolo per quanto riguarda il trecento. Ciò era avvenuto innanzitutto con l'avvio di un insediamento monumentale presso la collina di Carignano, al di fuori delle mura ma al contempo in stretto rapporto con il centro abitato che sovrastava, quasi come polo urbanistico alternativo. Durante il XIV secolo si può notare una progressiva differenziazione tra una dimensione armata della famiglia, guida della fazione guelfa, e una prettamente ecclesiastica, custode dei patrimoni dinastici cittadini. Partendo dalla constatazione di queste caratteristiche, il saggio tenta di rapportarle e metterle in relazione dialettica con gli altri alberghi cittadini, al fine di evidenziare un modello alternativo di gestione familiare attuato dai Fieschi. È indagata l'importanza della parentela, le modalità di ingresso nel gruppo, le esenzioni fiscali e le politiche matrimoniali, al fine di delineare la mentalità di una famiglia aristocratica signorile inserita in un centro a vocazione mercantile.
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GRIFFIN, CARL J. "‘Policy on the Hoof’: Sir Robert Peel, Sir Edward Knatchbull and the Trial of the Elham Machine Breakers, 1830." Rural History 15, no. 2 (September 29, 2004): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793304001207.
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On 22nd October 1830 Sir Edward Knatchbull passed sentence on seven men for threshing-machine breaking in the Elham Valley area of East Kent. The four day sentence enraged both local farmers and Home Secretary Peel alike, and was seized upon by other labourers and artisans hostile to threshing-machines who believed that Knatchbull had legitimised such acts of rural Luddism. The trial sparked an intensification of ‘Swing’ in East Kent and for the first time acts of overt protest beyond. Knatchbull, upon being pressed by George Maule, the Treasury Solicitor, admitted that the sentences could not have been otherwise under circumstances he was not at liberty to disclose. This paper examines these circumstances and uncovers a bizarre chain of events which shed new light on both the genesis of ‘Swing’ and also upon local-central government relations regarding policy implementation and creation.
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Okoko, Abigael, Susanne Wymann von Dach, Juergen Reinhard, Boniface Kiteme, and Samuel Owuor. "Life Cycle Costing of Alternative Value Chains of Biomass Energy for Cooking in Kenya and Tanzania." Journal of Renewable Energy 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3939848.
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In near future, wood-based biomass energy will remain the main cooking energy for households in East Africa, especially for poor households due to its availability and affordability. Alternative biomass fuels however exist. Economic viability of these alternatives is important due to its potential to influence their adoption and sustained use. This research evaluates the economic efficiency of firewood, charcoal, biogas, jatropha oil, and crop residue briquettes value chains in the rural-urban contexts of Kitui, Kenya, and Moshi, Tanzania, using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodology. LCC helps to identify areas along the value chains where costs occur and where improvements are feasible. Jatropha oil manual value chain has the highest cost. Firewood use with improved cook stoves is cost efficient. In Moshi’s rural context, royalty fees increases cost of charcoal. Similarly, biogas in Kitui is less likely to be economically viable. Briquettes however have a competitive advantage over charcoal. The costs are dominated by fuel provision compared to cost of stoves. Therefore, payment schemes that improve adoption of improved stoves perceived as expensive will substantially reduce fuel cost. Enhancing availability and accessibility of technologies such as briquette presses will enhance biomass energy access and provide a source of income for households.
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Leichtle, Kurt E. "The Farm Press, Reform, and Rural Change, 1895–1920." Annals of Iowa 66, no. 3 (July 2007): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1153.
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Morris, Sara E. "The Farm Press, Reform, and Rural Change, 1895–1920." Agricultural History 81, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-81.4.567.
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Reid, Debra A. "The Farm Press, Reform, and Rural Change, 1895-1920." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998-) 103, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25701263.
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Lorain F. Dela Cruz, Anna, Mark Vincent G. Magnaye, Ervin John V. Manalo, and Nestor C. Camello. "DEVELOPMENT OF GINGER JUICE EXTRACTOR." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v2i3.158.
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A small scale motorized ginger juice extractor was designed and fabricated, using locally available construction materials. The essential components of the machine include feeding hopper, ginger grinder, screw conveyor, strainer, pulley and transmission belt, electric motor, base and stand. In operation, the ginger will be fed through the grinder to reduce its size. Then, the worm shaft or screw conveyor conveys, crushes, presses and squeezes the grinded ginger to extract the juice. The juice extracted is filtered through the juice sieve into juice collector while the residual waste is discharged through waste outlet. Result showed that for every 1 kg of ginger the average juice yield was 80 ml. Powered by a 0.5 hp electric motor, the machine has a capacity of 1/2 kg/min. With a machine cost of about P45 000, it is affordable for small-scale ginger farmers in the rural communities.
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Diaferia, C., S. Porcu, G. Madonia, and V. Pruiti. "Tecniche di trasformazione delle carni suine di razza autoctona: dalla materia prima al prodotto tradizionale finale." Archivos de Zootecnia 67, Supplement (January 15, 2018): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v67isupplement.3592.
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Nell’Europa Mediterranea, Italia in particolare, vi è una consolidata tradizione di prodotti stagionati preparati con carne suina. I prodotti ottenuti da carni di suini autoctoni e descritti come tipici sono spesso legati ad antiche tradizioni locali e la tecnica di elaborazione / preparazione utilizzata può influenzare le proprietà finali. Durante l'indagine sono state analizzati campioni di salami e salsicce ottenuti da suini di razza Nero Siciliano e da suini di razza Sarda. La preparazione di salami e salsicce è stata condotta presso alcuni laboratori artigianali situati nella zona tradizionale della Sicilia (Nebrodi) e della Sardegna, secondo le tecniche in uso nelle tradizioni rurali. Le miscele sono state preparate manualmente e la temperatura e l'umidità sono state influenzate dalla variabilità stagionale e dalla località di stagionatura. La conservazione delle peculiarità del salame e delle salsicce ha richiesto l'identificazione e la quantificazione di quelle proprietà che descrivono al meglio le caratteristiche di questi prodotti: tipologia delle formulazioni, tecnica di preparazione/maturazione, caratteristiche chimiche e microbiologiche dei prodotti stagionati.
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Titisari, Anastasia Septya, Luh Kadek Ratih Swandewi, Carol Warren, and Anja Reid. "Stories of women's marriage and fertility experiences: Qualitative research on urban and rural cases in Bali, Indonesia." Gates Open Research 7 (October 11, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.14781.1.
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Background: As a Hindu-majority province in Indonesia, Bali presents a unique and distinctive culture. Patrilocal (purusa) marriage and patrilineal inheritance as a continuation of the patriarchal system puts a man in the key role as a family successor. Having a son is a priority for a married couple in Balinese society. As a consequence, Balinese women experience several constraints related to their economic productive, reproductive, and adat (ritual) roles. When a family does not have a male heir, their daughter is pressed to find a spouse willing to accept sentana (matrilocal) marriage. This secondary form of marriage brings another complication for Balinese-Hindu women and does not necessarily relieve their submissive position. This research analyzes Balinese-Hindu women’s perspectives on their marriage experiences and fertility decisions. Methods: The data was collected in two areas representing rural (Banjar Tumbakasa in Gianyar) and urban (Banjar Biaung in Denpasar) locations in Bali Province, Indonesia from November 2019 to February 2020. Primary data was based on in-depth interviews of six rural and six urban married Balinese-Hindu women. Results: This qualitative inquiry into Balinese women's experience of the marriage system and fertility options in urban and rural Bali revealed varying degrees of social expectation to provide male descendants for their families. At the same time, economic burdens still haunt them in this development era, and have conflicting implications for family size. Their stories of purusa (patrilocal) and sentana (matrilocal) marriage were complex, being strongly associated with customary law (adat) in traditional society. Paradoxically, however, it was rural women in the study sample who disproportionately opted for the sentana arrangement and limitation of family size. Conclusions: This study explores women's fertility aspirations, notably regarding son precedence. It problematizes the sentana marriage alternative as a solution to lighten the expectations and burdens affecting women.
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Wang, Wenya, SUOLANGQUZONG, Chengpeng Liu, and Min Wu. "Study on the Change of Power Consumption Structure in Xumai Township, Nimu County, Lhasa, Xizang." Journal of Innovation and Development 5, no. 2 (November 26, 2023): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jid.v5i2.08.
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The research on the evolution of rural power consumption structure in Xizang reflects the information on rural power development in Xizang, and the information on rural power development shows the people's living standards and demand trends. In order to understand the depth of changes in the power consumption structure of farmers and herdsmen households, the project team conducted a field survey of the changes in power supply sources, power consumption structure, power consumption equipment, and operation and management status of Sumai Township, a typical village in Nimu County, Lhasa City, Xizang over the years, and explored the history and trend of power development in remote villages in Xizang. Field research has found that before 2014, the township mainly relied on small-scale independent solar photovoltaic power supply, which was almost used for lighting; Since the implementation of the State Grid in 2014, electricity consumption has shifted from low voltage to wide voltage. In the past three years, the annual electricity consumption growth rate in Xumai Township has exceeded 6%, and the power supply stability has reached 90%. At the same time, the township utilizes solar photovoltaic street lights. The electrical appliances used have developed from a single lamp to power appliances such as household appliances, agricultural electric vehicles, tsamba machines and oil presses. The distribution line of the township is gradually being replaced with medium and low voltage, and is equipped with a 35kV Xumai substation. The 10kV medium and low voltage distribution network project of the rural power grid is gradually being put into operation and put into practice. However, research has found that villagers hope to use more clean energy such as solar energy for power supply and heating, in order to reduce the cost of electricity and gas bills.
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Borst, Charlotte G. "“The Noblest Roman of them all?” Professional versus Popular Views of America’s Country Doctors." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 76, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jraa041.
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Abstract This essay studies the images, perceptions, and values of the professional medical journals, as well as popular sources such as magazine and films, to show that the country doctor was a contested figure in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The country doctor’s image embodied competing ideals of a racialized professional and masculine identity that included both place as well as visions of science. Medical professionals pressed an image in their journals and professional advice books that mapped a celebration of science and its predictive value onto urban places that were enshrined in hospitals and laboratory facilities. The public, while embracing this image, also embraced a second one shown in popular media that glorified the self-sacrificing rural solo practitioner. This practitioner’s wisdom came from long contact with patients, he was dedicated to seeing patients in their homes, and his identity was based in the larger needs of the entire community.
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Peano, C., V. Girgenti, E. Mascetti, and F. Sottile. "Educare alla sostenibilita: il caso degli orti scolastici." Revista Campo-Território 9, no. 19 Out. (October 30, 2014): 419–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rct91928146.
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L'educazione ambientale nasce con l'obiettivo di educare una nuova cittadinanza che conosca l'ambiente, che sia consapevole dei problemi legati al suo sfruttamento e motivata ad impegnarsi nella loro risoluzione. A partire dai primi scritti che ne coniano il concetto (Stapp et al, 1969) essa è stata poi assunta, anche internazionalmente, come una possibile risposta alla necessità di divulgare nuovi stili di vita e modelli di sviluppo. Negli ultimi anni si è riscoperto, nell'ambito delle attività legate all'educazione ambientale, un grande interesse rivolto anche ai temi dell'agricoltura e dell'alimentazione più in generale. Questo nuovo interesse può contribuire a ridare valore al mondo rurale e ai suoi prodotti, creando migliori possibilità per gli agricoltori di veder riconosciuto il loro lavoro in termini sia economici sia sociali e culturali. Tra le esperienze di educazione ambientale e alla sostenibilità che riguardano l'ambito agricolo sono numerose le esperienze di orti scolastici. Il presente lavoro si articola oltre che in una riflessione introduttiva sui temi dell'educazione alla sostenibilità , nello sviluppo di un'indagine presso un campione significativo di orti aderenti ai progetti in Italia ed in Africa per costruire un quadro dello stato attuale delle attività educative sviluppate negli orti e per evidenziare le criticità nel percorso formativo.
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Manfredini, Matteo, Marco Breschi, and Alessio Fornasin. "The Contrasting Effects of Education on Fertility over Time Casalguidi, 1819–1960." Social Science History 45, no. 3 (2021): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2021.19.
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AbstractEducation has been frequently claimed to shape demographic outcomes. Mortality, fertility, and nuptiality have all been attested to be affected to some extent by education attainment. This article investigates the effects of education on fertility over time in a rural Italian community once controlled for potential confounders. Using individual-level data drawn from various sources, the study analyzes the role of education in shaping reproductive behaviors not only during the demographic transition (1890–1960) but also in the pretransitional period (1819–59). The results highlight the contrasting effects of literacy on fertility, which passed from a positive association in the ancien régime to a negative one in the transitional phase. Educated couples were therefore forerunners in the process of fertility decline because they were not only in the position to be the most pressed to control reproduction but also because they were likely aware of reproductive mechanisms, had the knowledge of more effective birth-control methods, had the economic possibility to get them, and had the necessary capacity to use them.
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Fritzsche, Peter. "Seeing Hitler's Germany: Tourism in the Third Reich. By Kristin Semmens. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2005. Pp. xiv+263. $74.95. ISBN 1-4039-3914-4." Central European History 39, no. 2 (May 19, 2006): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893890630012x.
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Between the two world wars, Germany was on the move. The slowdown of the Great Depression notwithstanding, more and more Germans took vacations and enjoyed weekend adventures, and when they traveled, they did so to destinations farther and farther away from home. Along the way, they filled up trains, hotels, and youth hostels. And it was very much Germany that Germans wanted to explore, following as they did quite explicit itineraries of the idealized nation. “Seeing Germany,” as Kristin Semmens puts it, was a way of possessing and occupying Germany. This was quite deliberately the case for the hundreds of thousands of visitors who took special trains to Stahlhelm marches, Reichsbanner demonstrations, and, later in the 1930s, the Nuremberg party rallies, for which more than 700 special trains were pressed into service in 1938. “Seeing Germany” was also at the heart of the new tourist practices the Nazis created: the camp experiences of the Hitler Youth and the rural outposts of the Reich Labor Service. Patriotism required an overnight stay.
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Gow, David. "Doubly Damned: Dealing with Power and Praxis in Development Anthropology." Human Organization 52, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.52.4.5565v40l51p12106.
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Development anthropologists are doubly damned-criticized by both academics and development professionals on romantic, moral, and intellectual grounds, and basically regarded as second-class citizens within the "development community." As a result, they have studiously avoided defining the principal objectives of development. Likewise, they have shied away from developing theories that direct action to the underlying causes of "underdevelopment." And given their traditional focus on the local context, development anthropologists have often been hard pressed to deal effectively with external factors, particularly power, whether political, institutional, or economic. An analysis of three rural development projects shows how anthropologists dealt with power. A key element was their effectiveness in the policy arena, based partly on their "anthropological authority," but also on their relative autonomy. Equally important is a broader definition of local participation that includes a realistic approach to empowerment. For development anthropology to shed its stigma of damnation, it is necessary for it to increase its concentration on critique and analysis, leading to better policy formulation, and the opportunity to implement policy as theory in practice.
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Swanson, Linda L. "Task Force on Persistent Rural Poverty, Rural Sociological Society. Persistent Poverty in Rural America . Boulder: Westview Press, 1993, xiv + 379 pp., paper $@@‐@@44.00." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 76, no. 1 (February 1994): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243934.
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Sutherland, Daniella, Erin McHenry-Sorber, and Jacquelyn N. Willingham. "Just Southern: Navigating the Social Construction of a Rural Community in the Press for Educational Equity." Rural Educator 43, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35608/ruraled.v43i1.1212.
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Rural communities in the Southern US are shaped by a legacy of racial oppression carried out through educational systems, in tandem with contemporary policies that perpetuate the marginalization of minoritized students. In this qualitative, revelatory case study, we examine the experiences of rural, southern school leaders who are tasked with ensuring educational equity. Using critical place-based leadership and bonding/bridging theory, we examine the social construction of belonging in a rural southern community, and the implications for equity-centered educational leadership. We find the community maintains tight-knit bonding capital that is rooted in land ownership and racial exclusion, which is conceptualized as southernness. Educational leaders who develop bridging capital were best positioned to shift community perceptions necessary to enact educational equity.
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Torre, André, and Christine Lefranc. "Les conflits dans les zones rurales et périurbaines. Premières analyses de la presse quotidienne régionale." Espaces et sociétés 124-125, no. 1 (2006): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/esp.124.0093.
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Silva-Barbeau, Irma, Stephen G. Hull, Marilyn S. Prehm, and William E. Barbeau. "Women's Access to Food-Processing Technology at the Household Level is Associated with Improved Diets at the Pre-Harvest Lean Season in the Gambia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 26, no. 3 (September 2005): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650502600308.
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Background Women's access to food processing technology at the household level may have positive dietary benefits during the pre-harvest lean season when households are most stressed from food shortages and higher energy expenditures from agricultural work. Objective This study in rural Gambia was conducted to determine if women's access to small manually operated oil presses (ram) for sesame oil extraction had any significant effects on seasonal fluctuations of household oil supply and on dietary intakes of women and children. Methods Participants were 40 women and children with access to community-based motorized oil press expellers (Expeller-control), 37 women and children with access to village-based ram presses (Press-experiment), and 43 women and children with access to both ram press and motorized expeller (Combination). Dietary data were collected at baseline, at peak oil-pressing, at pre-harvest lean, and at the post-harvest seasons. Results Households in the Press-experiment and Combination groups consumed 37 and 51 percent more oil, respectively, than those in the Expeller-control group during the pre-harvest lean season. Women from the Press-experiment and Combination groups consumed more energy at the lean season than those in the Expeller-control group. Similarly, children from the Press-experiment and Combination groups consumed more protein at peak oil-processing season than those from the Expeller-control group. At the pre-harvest season children from these two groups also consumed more protein, however, only the consumption of the Combination children was statistically significant compared with that of the Expeller-control group ( p < .05). Press-experiment children consumed more nutrient-dense weaning foods during the pre-harvest lean season than Expeller-control children. Conclusions Women's access to appropriate technology can provide the means to “add value” to their agriculture product, which may serve as an economic stabilizer with potential to increase dietary intakes and incomes, especially during the pre-harvest lean season.
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Wilson, Scott. "China Along the Yellow River: Reflections on Rural Society. By Cao Jinqing, translated by Nicky Harman and Huang Ruhua. [London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. 254 pp. $65.00. ISBN 0-415-34113-2.]." China Quarterly 182 (June 2005): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005240262.
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Periodically, Chinese leaders have ventured out on inspection tours directly to observe local conditions away from the capital. Cao Jinqing wrote this book on rural life in Henan as a daily log of conversations and observations, and it reads like the report of such an inspection tour. Along the tour, the author ruminates on rural development problems such as the rising tax and fee burden on farmers and the stagnation of agricultural growth that Henan faces. The author traces such problems to political, economic, and cultural institutions.Cao Jinqing primarily focuses on xiang-level administration, and he advances three main points. First, he argues that China's administrative structure has created a set of opportunities for corruption and political pressure that have pushed an enormous financial burden onto farmers. Xiang officials face pressure to provide schools and other social services for their populations, yet education budgets alone can eclipse the statemandated cap of taxes and fees, set at five per cent of farmers' income. From above, local officials are pressed to expand their industrial base and agricultural production by investing in factories, converting grain fields to orchards, and implementing agricultural technology, all of which requires officials to extract fees. Such projects help cadres advance their careers, but they literally come at the expense of farmers. Total fees, according to one official, reach as high as 30–50 per cent of farmers' household income (p. 208). The political structure also creates incentives for local corruption. Several cadres interviewed suggest that corrupt officials get ahead and that upright officials are denied promotion.
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Massicotte, Guy. "Solidarité rurale du Québec, Pour une décentralisation démocratique. Ouvrage collectif et plaidoyer de Solidarité rurale du Québec, Québec, Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 2006, 215 p." Recherches sociographiques 47, no. 3 (2006): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014666ar.
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Duckett, Jane. "State, Collectivism and Worker Privilege: A Study of Urban Health Insurance Reform." China Quarterly 177 (March 2004): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004000098.
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Since 1998, the central government has focused its attention on social security. Among other things, it has created a ministry for social security, pressed for the extension of health and unemployment insurance to larger numbers of the urban working population, and increased spending. Does this mean that the party-state is rebuilding the eroded urban social security system and re-asserting its role in ensuring collective provision? Do recent initiatives repair or damage the interests of urban workers? This article examines these questions through a study of urban health insurance reform. It argues the state has taken over from work units the responsibility for health insurance, that collectivism has been partially preserved through redistributory “risk-pooling” systems, and that the party-state is moving away from its traditional state enterprise-centred working-class base and widening participation to include workers in the private and rural industrial sectors. However, continued prioritization of economic growth means that the party-state's role is limited, while collectivist provision is restricted to the non-agricultural working population. In practice, government officials and workers in successful state enterprises are still the most likely to be insured.
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Chevalier, Pascal. "Margetic C. (dir.), Dynamiques agro-industrielles et dynamiques rurales , Artois, Artois Presse Université, coll. géographie, 2004." Annales de géographie 646, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ag.646.0676.
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