Journal articles: 'Preservative efficacy'

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Juncan, Anca Maria, Luca Liviu Rus, Veronica Isabela Craciun, Andreea Loredana Vonica Tincu, and Claudiu Morgovan. "Application of a Multifunctional Additive in Cosmetic Preparations for Safe Preservation." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (August 15, 2019): 2429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7355.

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The aim of this study is represented by the description and the selection of an alternative preservative complex, it�s application in the development and formulation of a moisturizer and the comparative study of the efficacy of the cosmetic formulation, versus a traditional preserved cosmetic cream. For an adecvate preservation of the moisturizing cream there was used comparatively, the alternative preservation system Dermosoft LP (Caprylyl Glycol, Glycerin, Glyceryl Caprylic, Phenylpropanol), and the traditional preservative Salinip (Phenoxyethanol, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben, Ethyl Paraben, Butyl Paraben, Isobutyl Paraben). Dermosoft LP has comparable effects to traditional preservatives, and proven efficacy by microbiological Challenge test.

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Murphy, Barry, Michael Hoptroff, David Arnold, Richard Eccles, and Stuart Campbell-Lee. "In-vivo impact of common cosmetic preservative systems in full formulation on the skin microbiome." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): e0254172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254172.

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Preservatives play an essentially role in ensuring that cosmetic formulations remain safe for use via control of microbial contamination. Commonly used preservatives include organic acids, alcohols and phenols and these play an essential role in controlling the growth of bacteria, fungi and moulds in substrates that can potentially act as a rich food source for microbial contaminants. Whilst the activity of these compounds is clear, both in vitro and in formulation, little information exists on the potential impact that common preservative systems, in full formulation, have on the skin’s resident microbiome. Dysbiosis of the skin’s microbiome has been associated with a number of cosmetic conditions but there currently are no in vivo studies investigating the potential for preservative ingredients, when included in personal care formulations under normal use conditions, to impact the cutaneous microbiome. Here we present an analysis of four in vivo studies that examine the impact of different preservation systems in full formulation, in different products formats, with varying durations of application. This work demonstrates that despite the antimicrobial efficacy of the preservatives in vitro, the skin microbiome is not impacted by preservative containing products in vivo.

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Narasimhamurthy, Narasimhamurthy, Dr C. N. Pandey Dr. C. N. Pandey, and Dr S. K. Nath Dr. S. K. Nath. "Studies on Efficacy of Multi Component Preservative Chemical Against Mould Fungi." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2013/22.

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Minasyan, S. M., Ya I. Poleshenko, P. Yu Shubina, E. S. Protsak, D. A. Druzhininsky, M. M. Galagudza, I. S. Uskov, and Yu V. Dmitriev. "The method of heterotopic rat heart transplantation for investigation the cardioprotective efficacy of cardioplegic solutions." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 18, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-3-59-67.

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This article describes in detail the modiﬁed method of heterotopic heart transplantation in rats. The methods of animal anesthesia, surgical features of the removal of a donor heart and its implantation to a recipient rat are described in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of donor heart preservation methods are described, as well as methods for evaluating a donor heart preparation, the quality of preservation and the effectiveness of cardioprotection. Experimental approaches to the study of the effectiveness of cardioplegic and preservative solutions using this technique are proposed. The data of our own pilot study on a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of cardioprotection using preservative solutions using this experimental model are presented.

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Boukhira, S., F. Bousta, S. Moularat, A. Abdellaoui, Z. Benziane Ouaritini, and D. Bousta. "Evaluation of the Preservative Properties of Origanum elongatum Essential Oil in a Topically Applied Formulation Under a Challenge Test." Phytothérapie 18, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2018-0067.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the preservative efficacy of Origanum elongatum essential oil in topical cream under a challenge test that was performed following the standard procedure proposed by the European Pharmacopoeia, using standardized microorganisms. Essential oil was analyzed by GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was investigated by agar diffusion methods and broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil required for preservation. The results demonstrated that the preservation effect was effective at 2% (v/w) of Origanum elongatum essential oil in topical cream, satisfying criterion A against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus brasiliensis. However, the essential oil was ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a reduction of 102 within 7 days of challenge and no increase up to the 28th day and against Candida albicans in the challenge test. Carvacrol predominated (63.06%), followed by the two monoterpenes hydrocarbons: γ-terpinene (15.99%) and p-cymene (9.51%). Our study highlighted the preservative power of Origanum elongatum essential oil as an alternative solution to chemical preservatives.

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Myrhorod, V. S., O. H. Bashura, O. P. Strilets, S. H. Bobro, and L. S. Strelnykov. "Study of the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in justifying the composition of a dermatological gel with a phytocomplex." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 14, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2021.3.239291.

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The microbiological stability of medicinal products always requires close attention during the pharmaceutical development phase, as microbial contamination can pose a threat to both the health of the patient and the stability of the medicinal product. The level of microbial contamination can be controlled by monitoring the quality of raw materials, compliance with appropriate sanitation of production facilities and equipment, the use of scientifically justified preservatives in the drug. The aim of the work is to substantiate the use of a preservative and its concentration in the composition of the developed gel with phytocomplex. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were gel samples with the addition of a preservative: Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol), methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid. Concentrations of antimicrobial substances used corresponded to their average value from the range of used concentrations. The research has used the method of evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives, given in SPU 2.0. Results. Experimental studies using preservatives Euxyl 9010K 0.60 %, methyl parahydroxybenzoate 0.25 %, sorbic acid 0.10 %, potassium sorbate 0.25 %, benzoic acid 0.15 % in the samples of the developed gel with phytocomplex had shown that the obtained results for all samples fully meet the requirements of SPU in terms of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical drugs. According to the results of the first stage of research, it had been found that the greatest antimicrobial efficacy was shown by a sample with the preservative Euxyl 9010K. The subject of the second stage of research was the substantiation of the concentration of Euxyl 9010K (0.45 %, 0.60 %, and 0.75 %) based on the results of which it had been established that the gel samples with concentrations of Euxyl 9010K 0.60 % and 0.75 % met the requirements of SPU on the indicator of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical medicinal products. The sample with a concentration of Euxyl 9010K 0.45 % also met these requirements, but the logarithm of the reduction in the number of viable cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria after 2 days of storage is 2.00, which was the limit value according to the requirements of SPU. Conclusions. The expediency of using Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol) at a concentration of 0.60 % as a preservative had been experimentally substantiated.

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Karabit, Mufid Shamil, Olof T. Juneskans, and Per Lundgren. "Studies on the evaluation of preservative efficacy∗." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 46, no. 1-2 (September 1988): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(88)90019-1.

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Ziklo, Noa, Inbal Tzafrir, Regina Shulkin, and Paul Salama. "Salicylate UV-Filters in Sunscreen Formulations Compromise the Preservative System Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia." Cosmetics 7, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7030063.

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Contamination of personal-care products are a serious health concern and therefore, preservative solutions are necessary for the costumers’ safety. High sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreen formulations are known to be difficult to preserve, due to their high ratio of organic phase containing the UV-filters. Salicylate esters such as octyl salicylate (OS) and homosalate (HS) are among the most common UV-filters currently used in the market, and can undergo hydrolysis by esterase molecules produced by contaminant microorganisms. The hydrolysis product, salicylic acid (SA) can be assimilated by certain bacteria that contain the chorismate pathway, in which its final product is pyochelin, an iron-chelating siderophore. Here, we show that OS and HS can compromise the preservative efficacy against two pathogenic important bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Challenge tests of formulations containing the UV-filters demonstrated that only bacteria with the chorismate pathway failed to be eradicated by the preservation system. mRNA expression levels of the bacterial pchD gene, which metabolizes SA to produce pyochelin, indicate a significant increase that was in correlation with increasing concentrations of both OS and HS. These data suggest that certain UV-filters can provide a source for bacterial resistance against common preservatives in sunscreen formulations.

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Hopes, Marina, and David Broadway. "Preservative-free Treatment in Glaucoma Is a Sensible and Realistic Aim for the Future." European Ophthalmic Review 04, no. 01 (2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2010.04.01.23.

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Medical therapy is usually the first-choice option in the management of glaucoma. However, adverse effects of ophthalmic preparations can potentially jeopardise the safety and efficacy of the treatment. Eye-drop bottles contain multiple components, all of which have the potential to cause adverse reactions, although it is the preservatives that are major culprits. The effect of preservatives on the eye has been studied extensively in both human and animal tissues. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a highly effective preservative and the most commonly used in antiglaucoma medications; however, BAC is toxic to ocular tissue, having the potential to cause adverse effects. The use of less toxic preservatives or preservative-free medications has the potential to improve the management of glaucoma.

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Hodges, N. A., S. P. Denyer, G. W. Hanlon, and J. P. Reynolds. "Preservative Efficacy Tests in Formulated Nasal Products: Reproducibility and Factors Affecting Preservative Activity." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 48, no. 12 (December 1996): 1237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03929.x.

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Popova, T. V., O. P. Strilets, and H. P. Kukhtenko. "Justification of preservative choice and its concentration in the composition of anti-allergic action gel." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.20.08.

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Microbiological stability of medicines is an integral part of their quality, therefore, at the stage of pharmaceutical development, the issues of ensuring microbiological purity should be considered. To this end, various chemicals are added to the composition of semisolid medicines that actively inhibit the growth of microorganisms that enter the pharmaceutical system during production and reuse. Insufficient amount of a preservative can lead to the adaptation of microorganisms, and excess- to increase the toxicity of the drug. In the development of the composition of the anti-allergic action gel containing dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol in order to select a preservative and its concentration, the following antimicrobial substances have been chosen: phenoxyethanol, benzalkonium chloride, methylparahydroxybenzoate (nipagin, E218), propylparahydroxybenzoate (nipasol, E216) and potassium sorbate (E202). The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of these antimicrobial preservatives in the composition of the gel under study. For microbiological studies 5 samples have been developed: N 1 – gel + phenoxyethanol 0.75%; N 2 – gel + benzalkonium chloride 0.015%; N 3 – gel + nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05%; N 4 – gel + potassium sorbate 0.2%; N 5 – gel without preservatives added. The research used the method for evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives given in SPU 2.0 (Section 5.1.3). As a result of the experiment, it has been determined that the sample of gel without preservative does not meet the requirements of SPU and proved the need to add antimicrobial preservatives to the composition of the developed gel. The results of the study for samples with preservatives phenoxyethanol 0.75%, benzalkonium chloride 0.015%, nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05% completely meet the requirements of SPU on the indicator «antimicrobial effectiveness of preservatives» for medicinal products for external use. An experimental study of the sample with a potassium sorbate 0.2% preservative showed that it did not fully meet the requirements of the above article of SPU. Among the samples that meet the requirements of SPU, the highest antimicrobial efficacy against strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 885-653, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATSC 16404 has shown a sample of 0.75% phenoxyethanol preservative (N 1). Therefore, for further microbiological studies, samples of gels with phenoxyethanol concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% were prepared and the antimicrobial efficacy of these samples has been studied. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 0.75% is the optimal concentration of phenoxyethanol in the composition of gel containing dimethidene maleate and dexpanthenol. Thus, a complex of studies has been conducted to prove the antimicrobial effectiveness of the phenoxyethanol preservative and its concentration.

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Smith, Stephen T. "Coal Tar Distillate (Creosote)—The First and Still Great Choice to Preserve Utility Poles." Forest Products Journal 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/2376-9637-73.1.1.

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Abstract Creosote, a coal tar distillate product, has been used to preserve wooden utility poles for well over 100 years. Such use began in the late 1800s and continues to this day. Creosote’s efficacy in protecting wood from decay, termite attach, and general weathering has been demonstrated by actual performance of poles in utility service and in documented field and laboratory testing. The American Wood Protection Association has standardized and long recognized the efficacy of creosote preservation. With production of pentachlorophenol ending after 2022, preservation may easily convert to creosote preservative. Creosote preservative also is an environmentally sound choice in that used poles can be used as fuel and otherwise, creosote degrades biologically. Wood is sustainable as new trees are grown to replace poles while the poles are sequestered carbon. Utility service life of creosote preserved wooden poles typically lasts for 70 to over 100 years with inspection and maintenance. Utilities can expect new creosote preserved poles to last into the next century.

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Marín, P., C. Ginés, P. Kochaki, and M. Jurado. "Effects of water activity on the performance of potassium sorbate and natamycin as preservatives against cheese spoilage moulds." Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 56, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2017-0009.

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AbstractThis work investigated the effects of the food preservatives potassium sorbate and natamycin, combined with different levels of ionic (sodium chloride) and non-ioinic (glycerol) water activity (aw), on growth of fungi involved in cheese spoilage. In general, the combined effect of water stress and presence of preservatives enhanced fungal inhibition. However, some doses of potassium sorbate (0.02%) and natamycin (1, 5 and 10 ppm) were able to stimulate growth of Aspergillus varians, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. roqueforti at awvalues in the range of 0.93–0.97. P. solitum was the only species whose growth was consistently reduced by any doses of preservative. The results also showed that sodium chloride and glycerol differentially affected the efficacy of preservatives. This study indicates that awof cheese is a critical parameter to be considered in the formulation of preservative coatings used against fungal spoilage.

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Na'was, T., and A. Alkofahi. "Microbial contamination and preservative efficacy of topical creams." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 19, no. 1 (February 1994): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.1994.tb00808.x.

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Orth, D. S., and K. S. Eck. "Use of triphenyltetrazolium chloride in preservative efficacy testing." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 27, no. 6 (December 2005): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00289_2.x.

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Karabit, Mufid Shamil, Olof T. Juneskans, and Per Lundgren. "Factorial designs in the evaluation of preservative efficacy." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 56, no. 2 (November 1989): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(89)90010-0.

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Kuo, Chih-Hung, Peter McCluskey, and Mark Gillies. "Pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of preservative-free intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide." Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 11, no. 1 (December 10, 2009): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656560903463885.

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Gibson, D. M., J. J. Kennelly, F. X. Aherne, and G. W. Mathison. "Efficacy of sulfur dioxide as a grain preservative." Animal Feed Science and Technology 19, no. 3 (February 1988): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(88)90085-5.

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Kim, Bo Kyung, Si Nae Kim, and Joon Mo Kim. "The Efficacy and Safety of Preservative-containing and Preservative-free Brimonidine-Timolol Fixed Combination in Normal Tension Glaucoma." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 62, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.10.1407.

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Purpose: To analyze the efficacy and safety of preservative-containing and preservative-free 0.2% brimonidine tartrate and 0.5% timolol maleate fixed combination drug in normal tension glaucoma.Methods: Fifty-one patients (84 eyes) who were diagnosed with normal tension glaucoma and with preservative-containing or preservative-free brimonidine-timolol fixed combinations alone were analyzed retrospectively from January 2017 to February 2020. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured four times a day (9 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m., and 4 p.m.) before and at 6 months after applying eye drops. We analyzed and compared the effect of lowering IOP and the occurrence of intra or extra-ocular adverse effects.Results: A significant mean IOP reduction was shown in both groups: -1.95 ± 2.50 mmHg (-12.26 ± 15.87%) in the preservative-containing group and -1.60 ± 2.06 mmHg (-10.54 ± 13.94%) in the preservative-free group at 6 months after eyedrop instillation. The IOP was lowest in both groups at 11 a.m. There were no significant differences between the two groups in lowering IOP. Serious adverse effects causing discontinuation of the eye drops were not observed.Conclusions: Both preservative-containing and preservative-free brimonidine-timolol fixed combinations are effective in lowering IOP in normal tension glaucoma patients and are considered to be effective as eye drops without serious adverse effects.

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Alekseev, I. B., A. V. Volkova, and L. I. Alekseeva. "Characteristics of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues nowadays." Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology 22, no. 3 (2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-175-180.

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Ocular hypotensive prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are prodrugs that penetrate the cornea and become biologically active after hydrolysis by corneal esterase. They reduce intracranial pressure by increasing the uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour and decreasing the outflow resistance. PGAs remain relevant as the first-line therapy drugs for patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma. The obvious exposure drawbacks of eye drops with preservatives have become prerequisites for the use of preservative-free medicines. Currently, it is recommended to use eye drops with preservatives less commonly, in the ideal case — only preservative-free products. In turn, the production of preservative-free drugs requires suitable carriers for the medicinal substance delivery — special vials (that do not depressurize when used) or monodoses. At present, reusable polymer dropper bottles have been developed, equipped with a valve that excludes the fluid intake return, a nozzle with antibacterial elements and an embedded sterilizing air filter. In the pharmaceutical market, travoprost is presented in the dosage form of eye drops, 0.04 mg/mL. This drug implements the described mechanism of drug storage and delivery. The review presents a meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy and tolerability of travoprost. Preservative-free travoprost presence on the pharmaceutical market in a special vial expands the range of available anti-glaucoma drugs. Keywords: glaucoma, hypotensive therapy, preservative-free dosage forms, prostaglandin analogues, travoprost. For citation: Alekseev I.B., Volkova A.V., Alekseeva L.I. Characteristics of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues nowadays. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(3):175–180 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-175-180

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Steel, Scott A., and Charles G. Connor. "EFFICACY OF A NEW TWO-PRESERVATIVE SOLUTION VS THREE SINGLE-PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS AT KILLING ACANTHAMOEBA." Optometry and Vision Science 72, SUPPLEMENT (December 1995): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199512001-00256.

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YANG, CHAO, YAN QI, JIAYI ZHENG, XU FAN, PEIXIN LIANG, and CUNJIANG SONG. "Efficacy of Various Preservatives on Extending Shelf Life of Vacuum-Packaged Raw Pork during 4°C Storage." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-423.

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ABSTRACT Uncontrolled bacterial growth and metabolic activities are responsible for the short shelf life of raw pork. Culture-independent analysis by 16S ribosome cDNA could reveal viable bacteria in raw pork. This study investigated microbial growth and volatile organic compounds of raw pork supplemented with various preservatives. Vacuum-packaged raw pork was stored at 4°C, after soaking in solutions of potassium sorbate, ɛ-poly-l-lysine, kojic acid (KA), or sodium diacetate, individually. Spoilage of raw pork was monitored by determining pH and total volatile basic nitrogen, whereas bacterial growth was determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses. Data indicated that all the preservatives were able to inhibit bacterial growth and extend the shelf life of pork. High-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosome cDNA indicated that Pseudomonas was inhibited under vacuum conditions, whereas facultative anaerobes (Acinetobacter, Photobacterium, Brochothrix, and Myroides) were the most active genera in the spoiled pork. Photobacterium was further inhibited by each preservative. The inhibition of Acinetobacter, Photobacterium, and Myroides could be responsible for the extended shelf life of vacuum-packaged pork; they were effectively inhibited by KA, which also induced the longest shelf life. Moreover, 19 types of volatile organic compounds were detected. 3-Methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol acetate, 2-butanone, toluene, benzeneacetaldehyde, dimethyl trisulfide, and acetoin were associated with spoilage. Furthermore, KA is a potential preservative in raw pork; because no phenol was detectable within 35 days, excessive intake of phenol induced by preservatives was avoided.

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Singer, Randal A. "Are dehydrated specimens a lost cause? A case study to reclaim dehydrated fluid-preserved specimens." Collection Forum 28, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2014): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-0005-28.1.16.

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Abstract Fluid-preserved specimens in collections persist only as long as their preservative is maintained. When preservatives evaporate due to neglect or container malfunction, collection managers are often forced to discard the specimens. Subjecting specimens to a rehydration process can be both time consuming and hazardous. A recent development in vertebrate specimen rehydration that mitigates these hazards and is relatively simple to conduct is discussed. Through the use of concentrated water vapor, and gradual staging in various concentrations of preservative, dehydrated museum specimens can be rehydrated. Similar techniques have been applied to invertebrates for decades, and more recently to herpetofauna. Herein a new technique is applied to both fishes and mammals and its efficacy for most other groups is indicated.

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ENDO, YUKO, MASUMI MUNE, and JUN USUKURA. "Factors Affecting Reduction in Preservative Efficacy in Nonwoven Fabrics." Biocontrol Science 25, no. 3 (2020): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.25.149.

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Kramer, Mateja, Helena Šuklje-Debeljak, and Vojko Kmetec. "Preservative Efficacy Screening of Pharmaceutical Formulations Using ATP Bioluminescence." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 34, no. 5 (January 2008): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639040801885988.

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Barnes, A. R., and S. Nash. "Preservative efficacy in cefuroxime and ceftazidime eye drop formulations." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 19, no. 5 (October 1994): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2710.1994.tb00820.x.

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Dhiman, Romika, and Neeraj Kumar Aggarwal. "Preservative Efficacy of Illicium verum Hook in Fruit Juices." Defence Life Science Journal 4, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.4.15142.

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Fruit juices contain all essential nutrients that help in maintaining the health of human beings. However, fruit juices are easily spoiled by the growth of microorganism. Hence, the current investigation has been focused to examine the preservative potential of Illicium verum against microorganisms isolated from juices. Organic and aqueous extracts of I. verum fruits were accessed for their antimicrobial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against selected microbes. Among the different solvents, acetonic extract was observed to be the most excellent solvent extract and the least MIC was 0.39 mg/ml. Hence, acetonic extract of I. verum has a biopreservative efficacy.

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Kim, Joon Mo, Sang Woo Park, Mincheol Seong, Seung Joo Ha, Ji Woong Lee, Seungsoo Rho, Chong Eun Lee, et al. "Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy between Preserved and Preservative-Free Latanoprost and Preservative-Free Tafluprost." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060501.

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In this study, we investigated the effect of preservative-free (PF) 0.0015% tafluprost (TA), to the preservative containing (PC) and the PF 0.005% latanoprost (LA) in Korean subjects. This study was conducted as a multi-center, randomized, investigator-blind, active controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial in adult patients (≥19 years) with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). After a washout period, patients with an IOP between 15 and 35 mmHg were enrolled and evaluated the efficacy, safety, and compliance at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the first administration. A total of 137 OAG and OHT patients were randomized. Statistically significant reductions in IOP were observed in all groups. Twelve weeks after each eye drop instillation, the mean IOP reduction was −4.59 ± 2.70 mmHg (−24.57 ± 13.49%) in the PC-LA group, −4.52 ± 2.17 mmHg (−24.41 ± 11.38%) in the PF-LA, and −3.14 ± 2.83 mmHg (−17.22 ± 14.57%) in the PF-TA group. The PF-LA showed significantly better responsiveness than did PF-TA. PF-LA was better tolerated than was PC-LA. There were no adverse events that led to cessation of eye drop use in any of the groups. In conclusion, IOP decreased similarly across the groups. PF-LA may provide a good choice for OAG patients with ocular surface diseases.

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de Solis, Nilka M. G., A. L. Davison, and R. J. Pinney. "Effect of plasmids conferring preservative resistance on performance of bacterial strains in compendial preservative efficacy tests." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 3 (October 1994): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-0987(94)90026-4.

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Gogna, Nikhil, and Arvind Kumar. "Efficacy of glucono-delta-lactone on quality traits of goat pickle." Nutrition & Food Science 47, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-01-2016-0006.

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Purpose The present study aims to use goat (Bhakarwali spp.) meat and its edible offal (heart and liver) in preparation of goat pickle and to enhance its shelf-life using food-grade glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) as the preservative. Design/methodology/approach The goat meat was used at 50 per cent and edible offals were used at 50 per cent, whereas liver and heart were used at 25 per cent each in the preparation of goat pickle. This formulation of goat meat pickle was prepared in two different oils, namely, mustard oil and olive oil. These designer goat meat pickles were evaluated based on physicochemical and sensory evaluation. Further, GDL was added to these designer pickles prepared in both mustard and olive oil, as preservatives and studied for its storage quality for 90 days at room temperature (30 ± 2°C). The prepared goat meat pickle was evaluated for physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological profiles on 0th, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th and 90th day. Findings The pH was recorded significant (p < 0.05) decrease on successive days irrespective of oils (mustard and olive oil) and GDL as acidifying agent and preservative used, respectively, but the rate of decrease in pH was comparatively lower in goat pickle with added GDL. The protein, fats and ash levels significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and the moisture level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased from 0th day to 90th day of storage irrespective of oils and preservatives used. The overall acceptability score of goat pickle made in olive oil and with added GDL was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during storage. The designer goat pickle with addition of GDL was safe for human consumption even after 90 days, whereas designer goat pickle without addition of GDL, was safe till 60th day of storage. Research limitations/implications The shelf-life of the product was evaluated till only 90 days, which should have been extended. However, the study was committed towards assessing the problem for only 90 days. Practical implications GDL can be used to preserve the goat pickle made of meat, and edible offal can be preserved for more than 90 days. Social implications Because of utilization of edible offal, even low-income groups of population can consume animal protein at a lower cost. Originality/value Thus, the used food grade GDL at 0.02 per cent enhanced the shelf-life of the prepared designer goat pickle stored at room temperature (30 ± 20°C) by lowering its pH and acted as an excellent preservative.

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Lin, Ya Hui, Ke Gang Wu, Xiang Hua Chai, and Shao Shu Zhong. "The Application of Complex Spice Essential Oils on the Preservation of Pasteuriged Minced Ham Sausage." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.258.

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In order to investigate complex spice essential oils used in pasteuriged minced ham sausage (PMHS) as a novel food preservative, the studies were done as followed: firstly, we selected the optimal boil treatment to minimize SEO concentration and get the desired effect. Then, the research was done to investigate the maximum acceptable concentration of SEO used in PMHS, followed by the experiments to choose the suitable solvent from its impact on antibacterial activities and flavor on PMHS. The comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of SEO with potassium sorbate and nisin was also studied. The results showed that the optimal boil treatment was hold the core temperature of PMHS at 85°C for 40 min. Considering the original flavor, 100uL/kg was the largest dosage. For more durable preservation and the best flavor, we used Arabica gum to emulsify diluted essential oils. The preservative effect of 100uL/kg complex spice essential oils in PMHS was better than 1500 ug/kg potassium sorbate, worse than equal dosage of nissin. In conclusion, complex spice essential oils was a suitable and efficient preservative for PMHS.

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Brown, Robert H., Robert S. Greenberg, and Elizabeth M. Wagner. "Efficacy of Propofol to Prevent Bronchoconstriction." Anesthesiology 94, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200105000-00024.

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Background The authors previously showed that propofol attenuates bronchoconstriction. Recently, a newer formulation of propofol with metabisulfite preservative has been introduced. metabisulfite causes airway narrowing in asthmatics. Therefore, we tested whether the preservative metabisulfite abolishes the ability of propofol to attenuate bronchoconstriction. The authors used a sheep model in which anesthetic agents could be directly administered to the airways via the bronchial artery. Methods After Internal Review Board approval, seven sheep were anesthetized (pentobarbital 20 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) and paralyzed (pancuronium 2 mg), and the lungs were ventilated. After left thoracotomy, the bronchial artery was cannulated and perfused. In random order, propofol with and without metabisulfite, lidocaine (5 mg/ml), or metabisulfite alone (0.125 mg/ml) was infused into the bronchial artery at a rate of 0.06, 0.2, or 0.6 ml/min. After 10 min, airway resistance (Raw) was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation (30 Hz, 30-ms duration at 30 V for 9 s.) and methacholine challenge (2 microg/ml at 2 ml/min in the bronchial artery). Data were expressed as a percent of maximal response and analyzed by analysis of variance with correction and with significance accepted at P < or = 0.05. Results Raw at baseline was not significantly different among the four drugs (P = 0.87). Infusion of lidocaine and propofol without metabisulfite into the bronchial artery caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction (P = 0.001). Propofol with metabisulfite had no effect on vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction (P = 0.40). There was a significant difference in the ability of propofol without metabisulfite compared with propofol with metabisulfite to attenuate vagal nerve stimulation-induced (P = 0.0001) and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction (P = 0.0001). Conclusion Propofol without metabisulfite and lidocaine attenuated vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion. Propofol without metabisulfite also decreased direct airway smooth muscle constriction. The preservative used for propofol can have a dramatic effect on its ability to attenuate bronchoconstriction.

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Salama, Paul, and Ariel Gliksberg. "The Use of Catalytic Amounts of Selected Cationic Surfactants in the Design of New Synergistic Preservative Solutions." Cosmetics 8, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8020054.

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Preservation using combinations of antibacterial molecules has several advantages, such as reducing the level of usage and broadening their antimicrobial spectrum. More specifically, the use of quaternary ammonium surfactants (QAS)—which are profusely used in hair care products and some are known as efficient antimicrobial agents—is limited due to some potential cytotoxicity concerns. This study shows that the concentration of some widely used cosmetic preservatives can be decreased when combined with very small quantities of QAS, i.e., Polyquaternium-80 (P-80) and/or Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC). The antimicrobial activity of their mixtures was first evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) before and after the addition of QAS. Following up on this finding and targeting an ultimate consumer friendly antimicrobial blend, yet with optimal safety, we chose to utilize the food-grade preservative Maltol as the main natural origin antimicrobial agent mixed with minimum concentrations of QAS to improve its moderate antimicrobial properties. The preservatives were tested for MIC values, challenge tests and synergy using the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The antimicrobial efficacy of Maltol was found to be synergistically improved by introducing catalytic amounts of P-80 and/or DDAC.

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Das, Sujata, Sanchita Mitra, Prashant Garg, Aparajita Mallick, SmrutiR Priyadarshini, and Savitri Sharma. "Efficacy of voriconazole and amphotericin B in corneal preservative media." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 70, no. 1 (2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_1365_21.

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Buch, Shweta, Suneeta Pinto, and K. D. Aparnathi. "Evaluation of efficacy of turmeric as a preservative in paneer." Journal of Food Science and Technology 51, no. 11 (October 16, 2012): 3226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0871-0.

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Kalawate, Aparna. "Lufenuron - A New Breakthrough in Control of Wood Destroying Insects." Indian Journal of Forestry 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-y5hyn4.

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Use of environmentally acceptable preservative that contains no metals is an essential criterion in wood preservation. In this study, an environment friendly chemical viz., lufenuron was evaluated as a wood preservative chemical to protect plywood and solid wood from wood destroying insects. The efficacy of lufenuron was studied against powder post beetle and subterranean termite. The method used for the treatment of solid wood was dipping and glue line poisoning for plywood. Lufenuron was tested at various concentration level viz., 0.5, 1 and 2 % against powder post beetle and subterranean termite. Observations were made for a period of eighteen months for powder post beetle (natural infestation test) and twelve months for subterranean termite (field test). From the results of the toxicity study, it has been found that the lethal dose of lufenuron against powder post beetle and subterranean termite are 0.5 and 1 % respectively in both the methods.

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Bezdetko, P. A., N. V. Bezdetko, and E. P. Muzhichuk. "To the question of the advantages of using a preservative-free form of F2 alpha prostaglandins in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma." Archive of Ukrainian Ophthalmology 8, no. 3 (April 22, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2309-8147.8.3.2020.220449.

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There are at least 4 reasons for choosing synthetic prostaglandins as the first-line drugs in glaucoma patients: efficacy, stable 24-hour intraocular pressure control, safety and compliance. Such qualities of these antihypertensive drugs are attracting the attention of ophthalmologists around the world. The use of synthetic prostaglandins is also associated with side effects such as eye irritation. One of the ways to solve this problem is to create a preservative-free form of the drug, free of benzalkonium chloride, including latanoprost. Our 10-week studies have convincingly shown that the use of a preservative-free form of latanoprost (monoprost) allows you to be gentle to the ocular surface, to improve the tolerance of the drug by almost 26.7–37.0 % on the Ocular Surface Disease Index. The use of a preservative-free form of latanoprost (monoprost) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma increases the hypotensive efficacy of the drug by 9.4–15.4 % in comparison with classical latanoprost.

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Kaur, Perminder Jit, Santosh Satya, Kamal K. Pant, and Satya N. Naik. "Eco-friendly preservation of bamboo species: Traditional to modern techniques." BioResources 11, no. 4 (August 11, 2016): 10604–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.4.kaur.

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The continuous depletion of forests calls for the astute usage of existing resources. Fungi and termites cause serious damage to biomass under storage and service conditions. Various protective treatments with high amounts of toxic chemicals are used by the wood and bamboo industry. Efforts are being made the world over to develop environmentally friendly preservatives for wood and bamboo species. Recent research highlights the potential and effectiveness of traditional practices and procedures, mainly water leaching technique and smoke treatment. Under laboratory conditions, the service life of treated blocks were found to be at a par with commercial chemical preservative treated blocks. Various plant extracts and oil-based formulations, such as organic acids, essential oils, and eco-friendly chemical-based preservatives, are in the stage of development. The bio-efficacy of such preservatives is measured in terms of the improvement in resistance to fungi and termites. However, much work still needs to be done to completely determine the efficacy of many of these newly developed preservatives and techniques. The present paper discusses an overview of the developments in the field of environment-friendly biomass preservatives.

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Pertiwi, Yus Andhini Bhekti, and Joko Sulistyo. "Ketahanan Gubal Jati Hutan Rakyat Diawetkan dengan Senyawa Boron Menggunakan Metode Tekan Lowry terhadap Serangan Rayap Tanah dan Kayu Kering." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.v15i1.1509.

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Nowadays, most of teak wood that available on the market was mainly from comunity forest. Those teak woods were commonly harvested in the early age. The young teak wood from community forests possesses lower proportion of heartwood than sapwood. Those condition was generally had an affect on the wood durability. Although the wood durability was estimated to be low, but the teak wood from community forest was intensively used for furniture and house construction. Therefore, study on the sapwood durability of young teak wood from community forest is necessary. In the present study, the durability of sapwood treated by boron compound (boric acid and borax) as wood preservatives was investigated. The boron concentrations were 5, 7 and 10%. The vacuum process were used to impreg the preservative into the wood specimens called as Lowry method. The efectivity of preservation method were investigated, namely absorption, retention, penetration, efficacy of subterranean and dry-wood termites. The absorption, retention, and penetration of boron compound were 69.10–96.41 kg/m3, 4.53–5.31 kg/m3, and 3.04–3.16 mm, respectively. Absorption, retention, and penetration of preservatives showed an increasing value by increasing the preservatives concentrations, with the highest values were obtained for 10% boron concentration. Graveyard test was used to evaluate the efficacy of boron in teak sapwood to subterranean termites. During 2 months observation, mass loss and degree of wood damage were 0.42-1.37% and 6.31-18.72%. Furthermore, the efficacy of boron was also conducted for dry-wood termites. The mass loss, degree of wood damage, and dry-wood termites mortality after 28 days observation were 1.46-1.67%, 29.45-32.38%, and 87.33-95.33%, respectively. The durability of boron treatened teak sapwood against subterranean and dry-wood termites was increased. The increasing of teak sapwood durability was characterized by reduction of mass loss and degree of wood damage compared to untreated teak sapwood (control).

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TRAN, A. T., A. D. HITCHINS, and S. W. COLLIER. "Direct contact membrane method for evaluating preservative efficacy in solid cosmetics." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 12, no. 4 (August 1990): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00533.x.

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Kiige, John Kamanthi, Patrick Wachira Mathenge, and Agnes Mumo Kavoo. "Biorational Preservation of Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) Cut-Flower Using Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Extracts." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 4 (November 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.4.1.

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Rose cut flower is one of the widely grown cut flowers in Kenya. However, most roses have a challenge of short vase life. This study aimed at determining the efficacy of plant extracts from thyme and stevia in preservation of rose cut-flowers. Two rose cut-flower cultivars; ‘radiance and ‘high & sparkling’ were subjected to stevia and thyme extracts each at three levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6gL-1). Thyme extracts at a concentration of 0.2 gL-1 significantly (p≤001) extended the vase life of rose cut flower by 3.5 days and floral absorption rates by 10.4% compared to the commercial preservative (chrysal) at the same concentration rates. Application of higher doses (0.4gL-1 and 0.6gL-1) of plant extracts led to shorter vase life (6 days) of rose cut flower and maximum bent neck records at day 8. The response of rose cut flower to the treatments did not vary between cultivars. The results from this study indicate that thyme extracts offer an attractive alternative to the use of chemical floral preservatives for prolonging the vase life and enhancing quality of rose cut flower. The efficacy of extracts is however depended on the concentration level with 0.2gL-1 dosage recording the best results.

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Rashid, Syarifah Ab, Nur Suhaili Mohamad Rosli, Siew Hway Teo, Woei Yenn Tong, Chean Ring Leong, Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof, and Wen-Nee Tan. "Naringenin-Grafted Polyvinyl Alcohol (Na/PVA) Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterisation and in vitro Evaluation of Its Antimicrobial Efficiency on Fresh Beef." Tropical Life Sciences Research 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2022.33.1.9.

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Food preservatives are commonly used to guarantee the safety and quality of food. Naturally-derived preservatives are preferred by the consumers as chemical preservatives are associated with adverse side effects. The application of naringenin as a food preservative is restricted due to its high volatility, albeit known for its good efficacy in inhibiting microbial growth on food. Thus, this study aimed to synthesis and characterise naringenin-grafted PVA (Na/PVA) nanoparticles as potential meat preservative. The nano-size of naringenin was characterised by transmission electron microscopy. Finally, the antibacterial efficiency of Na/PVA nanoparticles substance was evaluated on disc diffusion assay, broth microdilution assay and using fresh beef as food model. The naringenin nanoparticles appeared in globule and smooth structure, with an average size of less than 200 nm. In total, 11.08% of naringenin nanoparticles was successfully encapsulated into PVA nanoparticles. Based on Fourier transform infrared spectra, naringenin was successfully encapsulated into PVA nanoparticles. The release of naringenin from Na/PVA nanoparticles was slow and gradual, with an initial burst release effect observed. The property was ideal for application in food model. It gained a plateau at 48 h. The Na/PVA nanoparticles depicted its antibacterial efficiency on all the test foodborne bacteria, except E. coli. It was represented by the presence of inhibition zones, which were ranged from 10 mm to 14 mm. The activity was concentration-dependent, and a higher concentration of nanoparticles was needed to kill the test bacteria. The meat coated with Na/PVA nanoparticles displayed a 100% reduction in bacterial load, where no bacterial growth was detected at the sample throughout the incubation period. The coating of nanoparticles also improved the organoleptic property of fresh beef, by maintain the meat colour. The developed nanoparticles can be potentially used nano-preservative to maintain the microbiological quality of fresh beef.

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Rudakova, Alla Vsevolodovna. "Pharmacoeconomic aspects of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues in patients with signs of ocular surface disease." Ophthalmology journal 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ov2015199-103.

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Treatment of glaucoma is prevalent in modern healthcare. The standard of care at this time in the majority of glaucoma patients is to be treated with prostaglandin analogues. The aim of the present study was to compare the cost-effectiveness and the effect on the daily quality of life of preservative-free tafluprost to benzalkonium chloride (BAK) preserved latanoprost ophthalmic solutions which are present on the Russian market. In the patients with signs of ocular surface disease. Material and methods. The cost calculation was carried out on the basis of the weighted average retail price in Moscow from March 2015. The research was carried out over a 1 yeartime period. At the assessment, we assumed that clinical efficacy of the compared drugs did not differ; but at the same time the absence of the negative impact of treatment on patients’ quality of life (QoL), assessed by COMTol questionnaire, was observed in 30 % of patients treated with BAK-preserved latanoprost and in 52 % of patients treated with preservative-free tafluprost. Results and discussion. The costs of glaucoma treatment with preservative-free tafluprost and with branded BAK-preserved latanoprost are now comparable. The cost per 1 patient without the negative impact of treatment on patients’ QoL for tafluprost (Taflotan®) was 42.6 % lower than that for branded latanoprost (Xalatan®), 72.7 % higher than that for the generic latanoprost Glaumax®, and 24.3 % higher than that for the generic latanoprost Latanomol™. The analysis of the results’ sensitivity to changes in the cost of drugs in real limits demonstrated their high reliability. When taking a decision on the reimbursement for prostaglandin analogues, one should be aware that generic latanoprost ophthalmic solutions may differ significantly from the branded drug both in physical and chemical properties as well as in clinical efficacy and safety. Conclusion. Preservative-free tafluprost and branded BAK-preserved latanoprost are characterized by comparable clinical efficacy whereas preservative-free tafluprost has better tolerability. At a comparable cost of treatment, preservative-free tafluprost has a higher cost-effectiveness. This allows recommending its inclusion in regional and federal programs for the treatment of glaucoma in patients with ocular surface disease signs.

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Abdassah, Marline, and Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma. "COMPARISON OF THIMEROSAL EFFECTIVENESS IN THE FORMULATION OF EYE DROPS CONTAINING NEOMYCIN SULFATE AND CHLORAMPHENICOL." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019v11i1.30012.

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Objective: This study was aimed to compare the preservative efficacy of thimerosal in eye drops formulation containing neomycin sulfate and chloramphenicol as the active agents.Methods: Determination of thimerosal concentration in combinations with chloramphenicol and neomycin sulfate was carried out using the agar diffusion method. Then the thimerosal ineffective and minimal concentration was formulated into eye drops, each with 0.5% neomycin sulfate and 0.5% chloramphenicol as the active ingredient. Evaluation of eye drops was carried out for 28 d, which included: visual observation, pH measurement, sterility, and effectiveness test.Results: Thimerosal at a minimum concentration of 0.001% remain to provide antibacterial activity against common eyes contaminants. Both eyes drops containing neomycin sulfate, and chloramphenicol resulted in clear solution, sterile, and stable in the pH and antibacterial potency,showed the efficacy of thimerosal’s role in eye drops at the lowest concentration. But, the thimerosal stability as a preservative agent was affected by the pH values of the eye drops solution. Therefore, the effectivity of thimerosal in chloramphenicol (pH 7.19-7.22) was better than neomycin sulfate (6.45-6.60). Compared with F0 (without thimerosal), the increasing of inhibitory diameter in F1 and F2 from both eyes drops formula exhibited the significant role of thimerosal as the preservative agent. The synergistic effect of the preservative agent in the formula produced a better product stability than the eye drop without thimerosal. Conclusion: Thimerosal at a minimum concentration of 0.001% exhibited effective concentration as a preservative in eye drops containing 0.5% neomycin sulfate and 0.5% chloramphenicol.

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Lima, Rayssa Cruz, Anna Paula Azevedo de Carvalho, Carla P. Vieira, Rodrigo Vilela Moreira, and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior. "Green and Healthier Alternatives to Chemical Additives as Cheese Preservative: Natural Antimicrobials in Active Nanopackaging/Coatings." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 2675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162675.

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The side effects and potential impacts on human health by traditional chemical additives as food preservatives (i.e., potassium and sodium salts) are the reasons why novel policies are encouraged by worldwide public health institutes. More natural alternatives with high antimicrobial efficacy to extend shelf life without impairing the cheese physicochemical and sensory quality are encouraged. This study is a comprehensive review of emerging preservative cheese methods, including natural antimicrobials (e.g., vegetable, animal, and protist kingdom origins) as a preservative to reduce microbial cheese contamination and to extend shelf life by several efforts such as manufacturing ingredients, the active ingredient for coating/packaging, and the combination of packaging materials or processing technologies. Essential oils (EO) or plant extracts rich in phenolic and terpenes, combined with packaging conditions and non-thermal methods, generally showed a robust microbial inhibition and prolonged shelf life. However, it impaired the cheese sensory quality. Alternatives including EO, polysaccharides, polypeptides, and enzymes as active ingredients/nano-antimicrobials for an edible film of coating/nano-bio packaging showed a potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial action during shelf life, preserving cheese quality parameters such as pH, texture, color, and flavor. Future opportunities were identified in order to investigate the toxicological effects of the discussed natural antimicrobials’ potential as cheese preservatives.

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Häger, Bror, Gary C. Johnson, John D. Thornton, and W. David Gardner. "The Condition, after 31 Years Exposure, of Pine Stakes Treated with Ammoniacal Copper-Based Preservatives." Holzforschung 55, no. 2 (February 21, 2001): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.027.

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Summary Pinus sylvestris sapwood stakes were treated with various copper–containing waterborne and oilborne preservatives and exposed in ground for 31 years at Walpeup, Australia. Most of the waterborne preservative treatments contained basic copper carbonate and one or more of the following additives: arsenic pentoxide, pyridine, sodium pentachlorophenate, tannin and benzoic, boric, chromic, salicylic and sorbic acids. Basic copper carbonate and sulphate, at 0.95 kg m−3 of copper, protected the stakes from significant subterranean termite attack at a site in Australia providing a moderate termite hazard. Three additives (arsenic pentoxide at 0.95 kg m−3, sodium pentachlorophenate at 0.93 kg m−3 and fluoride at 0.9 kg m−3) significantly improved the efficacy of basic copper carbonate when used at retentions of 1.7 to 2.0 kg m−3 of copper. The six waterborne preservative combinations that performed best (i.e. rating greater than 6.5 out of 8) against both the termite and decay hazards over the 31 year period contained basic copper carbonate (at least 1.79 kg m−3 of copper) plus arsenic pentoxide (at least 0.92 kg m−3). Three of the six combinations also contained chromic acid. The oilborne preservative combination performing best contained basic copper carbonate (1.33 kg m−3) and pentachlorophenol (6.64 kg m−3) in tall oil. A treatment containing a similar amount of pentachlorophenol in tall oil, but no basic copper carbonate was significantly less effective. Other treatments containing basic copper carbonate and pentachlorophenol in tall oil or the copper compound with sodium pentachlorophenate in oil emulsion performed well. The implications of these results for the current generation of copper-based preservatives are discussed.

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Mladenovic, Emina, Jelena Cukanovic, Biljana Bozanic-Tanjga, Lazar Pavlovic, Ksenija Hiel, and Mirjana Miric. "Selection of garden rose cultivars for use as a cut flower." Genetika 50, no. 2 (2018): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr180249m.

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Efficacy of preservative solutions on vase life of garden roses has not been researched before. Vast variability and morphological characteristics of this group of roses are very important, making them suitable for their use in bouquets, arrangements and vases. This research was carried out to examine the influence of five preservative solutions on vase life of garden rose cut flowers. The aim of research was to determine best preservative solution for prolonging of vase life of garden rose cut flower. The experiment included 8 rose cultivars cultivated for garden use. Each treatment consisted of 10 cut garden roses. The cut garden rose flowers with vase solution containing Al2(SO4)3+ethanol+sucrose register longer vase life and higher values in water uptake. Vase life of flowers held in tap water (control) was lowest (4.38 days). This research backs the assumption that with the use of preservative solutions, garden rose also can be used as a cut flower.

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Hoyt, Anne L., Don Bushman, Nathan Lewis, and Robert Faber. "Developing a Modified Preservative Efficacy Testing Approach as a Predictive Tool for the Evaluation of Preservative Systems in Liquid Home Care Products Under Variable Test Conditions." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.10-513.

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Abstract How can a formulator have confidence that a preservative system will perform as expected under adverse conditions? Extreme conditions that can lead to the development of “off odors” in the product can be a serious challenge for companies providing home care products in the global market. Formulation and stability testing occur under controlled parameters that simulate limited environmental conditions and microbial challenges are typically performed with a standard inoculum level. While this is an acceptable and dependable process, it does not necessarily assess how well a preservative system can perform under extreme environmental conditions or against unusually high levels of bacterial challenges. This is especially true when formulations are diluted and stored by the end-user. By modifying microbial challenge testing of a liquid dishwashing product to include unexpected dilution schemes, increased microbial assaults, and elevated temperatures, a pattern of preservative efficacy was established. The resulting approach proved to be a useful tool when developing use directions, recommended dilution levels, the overall surfactant system, preservative type, and storage restrictions.

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Kočevar Glavač, N., and M. Lunder. "Preservative efficacy of selected antimicrobials of natural origin in a cosmetic emulsion." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 40, no. 3 (June 2018): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12461.

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Gulley, Savannah L., Sarah M. Baltzley, Alan D. Junkins, Tristan D. Murray, Stephanie F. Simms, Janice E. Sullivan, Abeer M. Al-Ghananeem, and Adrian R. O'Hagan. "Sterility and Stability Testing of Preservative-free Albuterol." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-24.1.53.

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BACKGROUND Continuous albuterol administration (CAA) is commonly used in hospitalized patients for treatment of asthma exacerbations. Due to higher dose requirements, CAA requires large volumes of albuterol obtained from multidose vials containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC). BAC is a common pharmaceutical preservative and potent bronchoconstrictor, which may antagonize the bronchodilation effects of albuterol. Some institutions are using preservative-free (PF) albuterol for their CAA. However, no published data currently exist to support the extended sterility or stability of this formulation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sterility and stability of PF-albuterol. METHODS Sterility testing was conducted for PF- and BAC-albuterol when stored at room temperature. Samples were incubated for 10 days in aerobic and anaerobic blood culture media to assess for bacterial growth. Stability of both albuterol formulations at high (0.67 mg/mL) and low (0.17 mg/mL) concentrations was determined at room temperature and under refrigeration. High performance liquid chromatography was used to evaluate samples up to 168 hours after preparation. RESULTS No bacterial growth was witnessed from either albuterol formulation at day 10 of observation. Both high and low concentrations of PF-albuterol and BAC-albuterol were stable at room temperature for up to 168 hours. There were no differences in stability between storage conditions for any formulation. CONCLUSIONS Under the current study conditions, there was no difference in sterility or stability for PF-albuterol when compared with BAC-albuterol. Thus, based on the findings of this study, PF-albuterol is sterile and stable up to 168 hours when stored at room temperature or under refrigerated conditions. The findings of this study do not confirm the therapeutic efficacy of PF-albuterol compared with BAC-albuterol for the treatment of asthma exacerbations. Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of PF-albuterol verses BAC-albuterol when used for CAA.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Preservative efficacy'

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