Relevant bibliographies by topics / Preservative efficacy

Academic literature on the topic 'Preservative efficacy'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Preservative efficacy"

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Juncan, Anca Maria, Luca Liviu Rus, Veronica Isabela Craciun, Andreea Loredana Vonica Tincu, and Claudiu Morgovan. "Application of a Multifunctional Additive in Cosmetic Preparations for Safe Preservation." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (August 15, 2019): 2429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7355.

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The aim of this study is represented by the description and the selection of an alternative preservative complex, it�s application in the development and formulation of a moisturizer and the comparative study of the efficacy of the cosmetic formulation, versus a traditional preserved cosmetic cream. For an adecvate preservation of the moisturizing cream there was used comparatively, the alternative preservation system Dermosoft LP (Caprylyl Glycol, Glycerin, Glyceryl Caprylic, Phenylpropanol), and the traditional preservative Salinip (Phenoxyethanol, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben, Ethyl Paraben, Butyl Paraben, Isobutyl Paraben). Dermosoft LP has comparable effects to traditional preservatives, and proven efficacy by microbiological Challenge test.
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Murphy, Barry, Michael Hoptroff, David Arnold, Richard Eccles, and Stuart Campbell-Lee. "In-vivo impact of common cosmetic preservative systems in full formulation on the skin microbiome." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): e0254172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254172.

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Preservatives play an essentially role in ensuring that cosmetic formulations remain safe for use via control of microbial contamination. Commonly used preservatives include organic acids, alcohols and phenols and these play an essential role in controlling the growth of bacteria, fungi and moulds in substrates that can potentially act as a rich food source for microbial contaminants. Whilst the activity of these compounds is clear, both in vitro and in formulation, little information exists on the potential impact that common preservative systems, in full formulation, have on the skin’s resident microbiome. Dysbiosis of the skin’s microbiome has been associated with a number of cosmetic conditions but there currently are no in vivo studies investigating the potential for preservative ingredients, when included in personal care formulations under normal use conditions, to impact the cutaneous microbiome. Here we present an analysis of four in vivo studies that examine the impact of different preservation systems in full formulation, in different products formats, with varying durations of application. This work demonstrates that despite the antimicrobial efficacy of the preservatives in vitro, the skin microbiome is not impacted by preservative containing products in vivo.
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Narasimhamurthy, Narasimhamurthy, Dr C. N. Pandey Dr. C. N. Pandey, and Dr S. K. Nath Dr. S. K. Nath. "Studies on Efficacy of Multi Component Preservative Chemical Against Mould Fungi." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2013/22.

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Minasyan, S. M., Ya I. Poleshenko, P. Yu Shubina, E. S. Protsak, D. A. Druzhininsky, M. M. Galagudza, I. S. Uskov, and Yu V. Dmitriev. "The method of heterotopic rat heart transplantation for investigation the cardioprotective efficacy of cardioplegic solutions." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 18, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-3-59-67.

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This article describes in detail the modified method of heterotopic heart transplantation in rats. The methods of animal anesthesia, surgical features of the removal of a donor heart and its implantation to a recipient rat are described in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of donor heart preservation methods are described, as well as methods for evaluating a donor heart preparation, the quality of preservation and the effectiveness of cardioprotection. Experimental approaches to the study of the effectiveness of cardioplegic and preservative solutions using this technique are proposed. The data of our own pilot study on a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of cardioprotection using preservative solutions using this experimental model are presented.
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Boukhira, S., F. Bousta, S. Moularat, A. Abdellaoui, Z. Benziane Ouaritini, and D. Bousta. "Evaluation of the Preservative Properties of Origanum elongatum Essential Oil in a Topically Applied Formulation Under a Challenge Test." Phytothérapie 18, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2018-0067.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the preservative efficacy of Origanum elongatum essential oil in topical cream under a challenge test that was performed following the standard procedure proposed by the European Pharmacopoeia, using standardized microorganisms. Essential oil was analyzed by GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was investigated by agar diffusion methods and broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil required for preservation. The results demonstrated that the preservation effect was effective at 2% (v/w) of Origanum elongatum essential oil in topical cream, satisfying criterion A against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus brasiliensis. However, the essential oil was ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a reduction of 102 within 7 days of challenge and no increase up to the 28th day and against Candida albicans in the challenge test. Carvacrol predominated (63.06%), followed by the two monoterpenes hydrocarbons: γ-terpinene (15.99%) and p-cymene (9.51%). Our study highlighted the preservative power of Origanum elongatum essential oil as an alternative solution to chemical preservatives.
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Myrhorod, V. S., O. H. Bashura, O. P. Strilets, S. H. Bobro, and L. S. Strelnykov. "Study of the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in justifying the composition of a dermatological gel with a phytocomplex." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 14, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2021.3.239291.

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The microbiological stability of medicinal products always requires close attention during the pharmaceutical development phase, as microbial contamination can pose a threat to both the health of the patient and the stability of the medicinal product. The level of microbial contamination can be controlled by monitoring the quality of raw materials, compliance with appropriate sanitation of production facilities and equipment, the use of scientifically justified preservatives in the drug. The aim of the work is to substantiate the use of a preservative and its concentration in the composition of the developed gel with phytocomplex. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were gel samples with the addition of a preservative: Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol), methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid. Concentrations of antimicrobial substances used corresponded to their average value from the range of used concentrations. The research has used the method of evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives, given in SPU 2.0. Results. Experimental studies using preservatives Euxyl 9010K 0.60 %, methyl parahydroxybenzoate 0.25 %, sorbic acid 0.10 %, potassium sorbate 0.25 %, benzoic acid 0.15 % in the samples of the developed gel with phytocomplex had shown that the obtained results for all samples fully meet the requirements of SPU in terms of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical drugs. According to the results of the first stage of research, it had been found that the greatest antimicrobial efficacy was shown by a sample with the preservative Euxyl 9010K. The subject of the second stage of research was the substantiation of the concentration of Euxyl 9010K (0.45 %, 0.60 %, and 0.75 %) based on the results of which it had been established that the gel samples with concentrations of Euxyl 9010K 0.60 % and 0.75 % met the requirements of SPU on the indicator of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical medicinal products. The sample with a concentration of Euxyl 9010K 0.45 % also met these requirements, but the logarithm of the reduction in the number of viable cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria after 2 days of storage is 2.00, which was the limit value according to the requirements of SPU. Conclusions. The expediency of using Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol) at a concentration of 0.60 % as a preservative had been experimentally substantiated.
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Karabit, Mufid Shamil, Olof T. Juneskans, and Per Lundgren. "Studies on the evaluation of preservative efficacy∗." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 46, no. 1-2 (September 1988): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(88)90019-1.

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Ziklo, Noa, Inbal Tzafrir, Regina Shulkin, and Paul Salama. "Salicylate UV-Filters in Sunscreen Formulations Compromise the Preservative System Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia." Cosmetics 7, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7030063.

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Contamination of personal-care products are a serious health concern and therefore, preservative solutions are necessary for the costumers’ safety. High sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreen formulations are known to be difficult to preserve, due to their high ratio of organic phase containing the UV-filters. Salicylate esters such as octyl salicylate (OS) and homosalate (HS) are among the most common UV-filters currently used in the market, and can undergo hydrolysis by esterase molecules produced by contaminant microorganisms. The hydrolysis product, salicylic acid (SA) can be assimilated by certain bacteria that contain the chorismate pathway, in which its final product is pyochelin, an iron-chelating siderophore. Here, we show that OS and HS can compromise the preservative efficacy against two pathogenic important bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia. Challenge tests of formulations containing the UV-filters demonstrated that only bacteria with the chorismate pathway failed to be eradicated by the preservation system. mRNA expression levels of the bacterial pchD gene, which metabolizes SA to produce pyochelin, indicate a significant increase that was in correlation with increasing concentrations of both OS and HS. These data suggest that certain UV-filters can provide a source for bacterial resistance against common preservatives in sunscreen formulations.
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Hopes, Marina, and David Broadway. "Preservative-free Treatment in Glaucoma Is a Sensible and Realistic Aim for the Future." European Ophthalmic Review 04, no. 01 (2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2010.04.01.23.

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Medical therapy is usually the first-choice option in the management of glaucoma. However, adverse effects of ophthalmic preparations can potentially jeopardise the safety and efficacy of the treatment. Eye-drop bottles contain multiple components, all of which have the potential to cause adverse reactions, although it is the preservatives that are major culprits. The effect of preservatives on the eye has been studied extensively in both human and animal tissues. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a highly effective preservative and the most commonly used in antiglaucoma medications; however, BAC is toxic to ocular tissue, having the potential to cause adverse effects. The use of less toxic preservatives or preservative-free medications has the potential to improve the management of glaucoma.
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Hodges, N. A., S. P. Denyer, G. W. Hanlon, and J. P. Reynolds. "Preservative Efficacy Tests in Formulated Nasal Products: Reproducibility and Factors Affecting Preservative Activity." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 48, no. 12 (December 1996): 1237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03929.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Preservative efficacy"

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Choong, Melissa Yen Ying. "Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 biosensor for preservative efficacy testing." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15623.

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The preservative challenge test is a regulatory requirement specified in various pharmacopoeias to determine the efficacy of preservatives. However, such testing is a labour-intensive repetitive task and often requires days before results can be generated. Microbial biosensors have the potential to provide a rapid and automated alternative to the traditional viable counting currently in use. However, the selection of appropriate promoters is essential. The bioluminescent reporter strains used in the current study comprise the Photorhabdus luminescence lux CDABE reporter genes under the control of five individual constitutive Escherichia coli promoters: outer lipoprotein (lpp); twin arginine translocase (tatA); lysine decarboxylase (ldc); lysyl t-RNA (lysS); and ribosomal protein (spc). The promoter plus lux CDABE constructs were cloned, ligated into the plasmid vector pBR322 and transformed into E. coli ATCC 8739. The bioluminescence intensity in the decreasing order of constitutive promoter was lpp > spc> tatA> ldc > lysS. The five biosensor strains tested successfully in PET assays and demonstrated accuracy with a minimum detection limit of 103 CFU/ml, a detection range of 6 orders magnitude, and yielded equivalent results to methods currently recommended by the pharmacopoeias. The bioluminescent biosensors were used to monitor the efficacy of preservatives; sorbic acid at concentrations of 0.031% to 0.2% at pH 5.0, and benzalkonium chloride at concentrations of 0.0062% to 0.00039% alone and in combination with 0.03% EDTA. The 99.9% percentage of bioluminescence reduction of tatA-lux, ldc-lux, lysS-lux, and spc-lux was statistically equivalent to the 3 log10 CFU/ml reduction as required by the Pharmacopeias’. Strong significant correlations between bioluminescence and the methods recommended by the pharmacopoeias were obtained when the biosensor strains were challenged with preservatives, for all except lpp-lux E. coli. The bioluminescence expressed by the lpp-lux biosensor was significantly lower during long-term stationary phase than it was for any of the other biosensors and was also significantly lower than for any of the other biosensors in the presence of preservatives. Since the plasmid copy number and viable counts for lpp-lux did not change under these conditions, it suggests that perhaps lpp-lux was down regulated under stress conditions. There were no statistically significant differences between the results of the bioluminescence assays and the results of the viable count and ATP chemiluminescence assay. Virtual foot printing (using Regulon DB database) demonstrated that two crp binding sites overlapping the -10 regions are located on the negative strand of the lysS promoter sequences and that one crp binding site is located in lpp. The biosensor strains ldc-lux exhibited levels of bioluminescence per cell significantly lower than spc in the presence of preservatives whilst there was a significant increase in bioluminescence per cell by tatA-lux under alkaline conditions (pH 8.9) during long-term stationary phase. Amongst the five biosensor strains tested in the current work, it was determined that the spc-lux strain would be the most attractive candidate for further work, since the bioluminescence expressed per cell was significantly greater, by 10-1000 times, than that expressed by the other four promoters when challenged with the preservatives tested with excellent significant correlations between bioluminescence expression and viable counts in the PET assays with the various preservatives in this study (R2: 8.79-1.00). The bioluminescent biosensor strains showed no statistical differences from the control strains (wildtype E.coli ATCC 8739 and E.coli carrying a promoterless [pBR322.lux] for adneylate energy charge (AEC), plasmid copy number (PCN) bioluminescence or viable counts over 28 days. The emission of bioluminescence by the four bioreporter strains across 28 days is reflected by the stability of PCN with correlations of 0.78-0.90, except for lpp-lux with R2: 0.59. The following promoter elements were found likely to assist greater expression of bioluminescence: an A+T level of approximately 50% between the -40 and -60 regions (the UP element); a G+C level of approximately 50% within the -10 and +1 regions; the extended -10 region and -10 region of consensus sequence RpoD (σ70/D).
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Britz, Carel Marthinus. "Nevirapine in pro-Pheroid : a preservative efficacy and stability study / Carlie Britz." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4752.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fall, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections.• As of January 2006, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first identified on December 1, 1981, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. Pheroid technology is a patented delivery system that consists of both plant and essential fatty acids. It is often confused with lipid-based delivery system. Although there are some similarities, Pheroid™ technology owns its advantages in terms of absorption and/or efficacy of pharmacologically active compounds and other useful molecules. The Pheroid structure can be manipulated in terms of morphology, structure, size and function. The effectiveness of Pheroid technology has been illustrated by several national and international clinical trials with products based on this technology. Pro-Pheroid production is similar to that of Pheroid production, except that no aqueous phase is introduced; instead, the active compounds are dissolved in the oil phase. This study was conducted to determine the stability of both nevirapine and butyiparaben in the pro-Pheroid delivery system as well as the preservative efficacy of butylparaben. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the stability of nevirapine and butylparaben in pro-Pheroid. The formulation was stored under controlled conditions, i.e. 5°C, 25°C + 60% RH, 30°C + 65% RH and 40°C + 75% RH, for three months. The accelerated stability study was performed according to ICH guidelines. The preservative efficacy study was done by the EnviroCare Laboratory according to international specifications. The various studies conducted on nevirapine in pro-Pheroid to determine the stability showed that nevirapine could successfully be formulated in the pro-Pheroid system and that butylparaben is an effective preservative in the formulation. It is finally concluded that before nevirapine in pro-Pheroid is further formulated into viable products, the following issues will have to be addressed: • The pro-Pheroid manufacturing process should be assessed and validated to ensure batch to batch uniformity. • In order to establish a sound analytical method, stability of the pro-Pheroid system (without the addition of pharmaceutical actives) should be evaluated over a period of at least six months. • The specific UV detection wavelengths of both nevirapine and butylparaben should be assessed and validated to get the optimum wavelength for the HPLC assay analysis to ensure the integrity of the results obtained. The physical properties (color, smell and taste) of the pro-Pheroid system need to be addressed to make the product acceptable to the consumer.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Sheppard, Fiona Cathleen. "The application of rapid microbiological methods to preservative efficacy testing of pharmaceuticals." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243903.

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Shah, Niksha Chimanlal Meghji. "Construction and development of bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains : application in biosensors for preservative efficacy testing." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15592.

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Whole cell biosensors have been extensively used for monitoring toxicity and contamination of compounds in environmental biology and microbial ecology. However, their application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries for preservative efficacy testing (PET) has been limited. According to several pharmacopoeias, preservatives should be tested for microbial activity using traditional viable count techniques; the use of whole cell microbial biosensors potentially provides an alternative, fast, and efficient method. The aim of the study was to construct and develop whole cell microbial biosensors with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. Constitutive promoters: PlysS, Pspc, Ptat, Plpp and PldcC and the lux-cassette were inserted into plasmid pME4510 and transformed into P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 cells to produce bioluminescent strains. Plasmids were found to be maintained stably (~50 copies per cell) throughout the growth and death cycle. The novel bioluminescent strains were validated in accordance with the pharmacopoeia using bioluminescence detection and quantification followed by comparison with the traditional plate counting method. The bioluminescent method was found to be accurate, precise and equivalent at a range of 103 – 107 CFU/mL, as compared with plate counting. Recovery of bacterial cells was quantified using bioluminescence; this method proved to be accurate with percentage recoveries between 70-130% for all bioluminescent strains. The method was also more precise (relative standard deviation less than 15%) than the traditional plate counting method or the ATP bioluminescent method. Therefore, the bioluminescent constructs passed/exceeded pharmacopoeial specified criteria for range, limit of detection, accuracy, precision and equivalence. Physiology of the validated bioluminescent strains was studied by assessing the growth and death patterns using constitutive gene expression linked with bacterial replication. Promoter strengths were evaluated at various stages of the growth and death pattern and related to promoter sequences. PlysS, Ptat and Plpp were relatively strong promoters whilst PldcC and Pspc were relatively weak promoters. Relative promoter strength decreased in the order of Plpp>Ptat>PlysS>PldcC>Pspc during the exponential phase whilst Ptat was stronger than Plpp during the stationary phase of growth. Plpp had its highest level of expression during the exponential phase, while Ptat had relatively stable lux expression during the stationary phase. Correlations between relative bioluminescence and CFU at 24 hours were greater than 0.9 indicating a strong relationship for all bioluminescent strains. Reduction in correlation coefficients to approximately 0.6 between relative bioluminescence and CFU and between relative fluorescence and CFU beyond 24 hours indicated that a certain proportion of cells were viable but non-culturable. Tat-pME-lux showed steady bioluminescence compared to CFU count (R>0.9) throughout 28 days of growth. Equivalence analysis showed no significant difference between the bioluminescence and plate count method throughout 28 days of growth for all five bioluminescent strains. Applicability of these novel bioluminescent strains was evaluated for preservative efficacy tests (PET) using bacterial replication and bioluminescence as a measure of constitutive gene expression. PET using benzalkonium chloride and benzyl alcohol showed no significant difference between the bioluminescent method and the plate count method. Good correlations between bioluminescence, CFU count and fluorescence were obtained for benzalkonium chloride (BKC) concentrations (R>0.9) between 0.0003% and 0.0025% against strains lysR25, lppR4 and tatH5. Similarly, good correlations (R>0.9) between the three parameters were obtained for benzyl alcohol (BA) concentrations between 0.125% and 2% against strains lysR25, lppR4 and tatH5. The bioluminescent method and traditional plate counting method were equivalent for concentrations of BKC (0.0003 - 0.02%) and BA (0.25 - 2%) during preservative efficacy tests. These bioluminescent constructs therefore are good candidates for selection for preservative efficacy testing. The bioluminescent method and traditional plate counting method were also found to be equivalent for construct tatH5 at a concentration of 0.125% BA. PET testing with BKC and BA showed that tatH5-pMElux (R>0.9) had consistently high correlation coefficients between CFU and relative bioluminescence. Together with the results from growth and death kinetics, where tatH5 showed the greatest constitutive expression, it can be concluded that P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 tatH5-pMElux is the best construct for testing various antimicrobial agents. This study has shown that according to the pharmacopoeial requirements, the bioluminescent method is more accurate, precise and equivalent to the traditional plate counting method and therefore can be utilised instead of the traditional plate counting method for the purpose of preservative efficacy testing.
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Nayagam, S. "Studies on soluble nutrient components in wood and their influence on decay susceptibility and preservative efficacy." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376036.

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The work described in this thesis was undertaken to determine the nature and identity of soluble carbohydrate and nitrogenous components which migrate and accumulate at evaporative surfaces of dried wood and the influence these nutrients have on wood decay and preservative performance. Specific soluble carbohydrates and amino acids were shown to redistribute and accumulate at surface regions of wood during drying. Analysis of dried wood showed that soluble carbohydrates constituted 2-5% of the dry mass of wood at surface regions, and that soluble nitrogenous components constituted < 0.5% in the same areas. The soluble sugars which redistributed and accumulated at surface regions during drying were mainly reducing in nature in the softwoods. Glucose and fructose were the predominant sugars in these woods. In lime, sucrose was the predominant sugar. Soluble amino acids contributed to a significant proportion of the nitrogen content at surface regions of softwoods. In pine and spruce soluble amino acids constituted 30% and 40% of the total nitrogen content, but in lime, concentrations of soluble amino acids constituted only 6% of the total nitrogren content. The major amino acids observed in pine, spruce and lime were aspartic acid, glutamine and arginine. Soil burial studies undertaken highlighted the problems encountered when trying to mimic natural wood of high nutrient status. Test blocks impregnated with soluble sugars and amino acids displayed loss of these added nutrients on emplacement in soil, and the effect of added substrates could not be evaluated individually. The results of soil burial studies using CCA treated wood which was also impregnated with amino acids, showed that the latter influenced wood decay and preservative stability in lime. Weight losses in preserved lime were shown to correlate with increasing arginine and glutamine concentrations. A substantial copper loss was recorded in hardwoods and softwoods treated at sub-toxic levels with CCA and also treated with glutamine. Soluble sugars incorporated into preserved wood did not influence wood decay or preservative efficacy.
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Kelly, Anthony William. "The efficacy of boron-based preservatives in temperate and tropical timber species." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327771.

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Gubler, Mitchell Miles. "Efficacy of socket grafting for alveolar ridge preservation: a randomized clinical trial." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1848.

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Objectives: Tooth extraction initiates a cascade of events that often leads to local anatomic changes in the alveolar ridge. Ridge preservation is a surgical approach aimed at minimizing hard and soft tissue volume loss. There have been contradicting reports on the efficacy of socket grafting for alveolar ridge preservation. Interestingly, there is a paucity of adequately powered randomized controlled clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the application of a socket grafting technique on alveolar ridge dimensional changes following tooth extraction. Methods: Healthy patients requiring the extraction of one single-rooted tooth on either arch, from second premolar to second premolar, excluding mandibular incisors, and who met the eligibility criteria were recruited. Patients were then randomly assigned to either the control group, consisting of tooth extraction alone, or the experimental group, which consisted of extraction and simultaneous ridge preservation using an allograft bone material to fill the socket and a dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (dPTFE) to seal it. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was obtained immediately prior to extraction (baseline) and at 14 weeks. Linear measurements with the use of a tooth-supported stent were obtained immediately after extraction (baseline) and at 14 weeks. Linear and volumetric measurements were made using data obtained from the CBCTs. Masked, calibrated examiners performed all radiographic measurements. Measurements obtained included buccal keratinized tissue width, buccal and lingual plate height and width, alveolar ridge horizontal width (CBCT); and alveolar ridge volume changes. Digital planning of dental implants was performed in the ideal restorative location and need for additional grafting was virtually determined. The primary outcome of interest was volumetric reduction of the alveolar ridge at 14 weeks. Linear mixed model statistical analyses were used to compare the mean change in the measurements between the grafted and control groups. Results: A total of 59 subjects were recruited, of which 53 patients (27 control and 26 experimental) completed the study. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups at baseline for any of the parameters analyzed. At the 14 week follow-up appointment there was an average loss in height of the buccal plate of 1.17 mm and 0.61 mm for the control (CG) and experimental (ARP) groups, respectively, showing statistical significance (p=0.012). The lingual plate height was reduced 0.7 mm in CG and 0.47 mm in ARP with no statistical significance (0.075). A linear loss in the buccal-lingual dimension of the alveolar ridge was noted radiographically in both groups, 1.68mm in CG and 1.07mm in ARP, which demonstrated a statistical significant difference between them (p=0.023). Volumetric analysis demonstrated a mean volume loss of 15.83% in the CG showing statistical significance from the 8.36% loss shown in the ARP group. This difference demonstrates a clinical significance when virtual planning of implant placement in the ideal restorative location revealed the need for additional grafting at 13/27 or 48% of CG and 3/26 or 11% of ARP sites. Additionally, a very robust, statistically significant correlation was noted between buccal bone plate width and reduction of alveolar bone volume after 14 weeks of healing (p< 0.0001). A multivariate regression analysis revealed that within the control group a buccal plate <1mm lead to >10% volumetric reduction, while the same reduction in the graft group was only seen when the buccal plate was less that 0.6mm. Conclusions: In this study, a novel volumetric analysis of alveolar ridge reduction after tooth extraction was performed, which demonstrated that socket grafting for alveolar ridge preservation does provide a therapeutic benefit. This finding was associated to a decreased probability of requiring additional grafting at the implant site. The thickness of the buccal plate at the time of extraction appears to be a valuable factor to predict the amount of resorption that will take place, meaning that more resorption should be expected, as the buccal plate gets progressively thinner.
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Metcalfe, Matthew Stephen. "Warm perfusion of ischaemically damaged kidneys : ex-vivo function, viability assessment and preservation efficacy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29433.

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Background: The shortage of kidneys for renal transplantation has prompted renewed interest in non-heart-beating donors (NHBD). While this may increase the number of transplants, it also increases the primary non-function (PNF) rate. This is caused by excessive warm ischaemic injury in some NHBD, and has hindered their more widespread use. A reliable pre-transplant test of organ viability, and a preservation method minimising additional iscahemic damage, would allow the PNF rate to be reduced. The aims of this thesis were to explore the potential of warm ex-vivo perfusion as a preservation method and a means of diagnosing viability pre-transplantation. Methods: Warm ex-vivo perfusion of ischaemically injured porcine kidneys with an oxygenated emulsion of a perflourochemical in tissue culture fluid was used to measure ex-vivo function and preserve kidneys. A cadaveric model was used to assess the relationship of ex-vivo function and warm ischaemic time. An autotransplant model was used to determine the relationship of ex-vivo to post-transplant function, and to compare the efficacy of preservation by warm perfusion with conventional hypothermic techniques of static storage and pulsatile perfusion. Post-transplant outcome measures were survival, renal function and histology. Results: WIT correlated well with ex-vivo function. Ex-vivo function correlated with post-transplant function in terms of survival (and therefore the immediate life supporting function of the kidneys), but not to the extent that it could be used to predict viability better than knowing the WIT alone. The efficacy of warm perfusion was indistinguishable from hypothermic static storage. However hypothermic pulsatile perfusion was slightly superior to both other techniques. Conclusions: Warm perfusion as used in this thesis was broadly equivalent in efficacy to conventional hypothermic organ preservation techniques. Although ex-vivo function correlated with post-transplant function, the correlation was not tight enough to support a diagnostic role for ex-vivo function in viability determination.
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Quicho, Joemel Mariano. "Efficacy of Ultraviolet Light in Combination with Chemical Preservatives for the Reduction of Escherichia coli in Apple Cider." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33621.

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Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) regulations for juice manufacture require the application of a process that will result in a 5-log reduction (99.999%) of the pertinent pathogen in the juice being processed. The use of ultraviolet (UV) light, as an alternative to traditional thermal processing, has been adopted by some juice processors as a means of meeting the HACCP 5-log performance standard. However, little research had been performed to determine the effect of UV when used in combination with antimicrobial agents that are commonly added to juice products. Therefore, the objectives of this work were (1) to determine if chemical preservatives and ultraviolet light have a combined effect on the reduction of Escherichia coli in apple cider, and (2) to determine the influence of adding chemical preservatives at different points in the processing of juice (i.e., either prior to or after ultraviolet light processing) on the reduction of Escherichia coli in apple cider. In this study, refrigerated (4°C) pasteurized apple cider that contained no added preservatives was inoculated with E. coli ATCC 25922, a surrogate strain for E. coli O157:H7, and exposed to UV (peak output: 254 nm). The following chemical preservatives were added to apple cider either prior to or after UV exposure: dimethyl dicarbonate (75 and 150 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (75 and 150 ppm), potassium sorbate (1000 and 2000 ppm), and sodium benzoate (1000 and 2000 ppm). Following UV exposure and chemical preservative application, inoculated juices were stored at 4°C for 72 hours. Samples were collected prior to and immediately after UV exposure and at 24, 48, and 72 hours of storage. At each sampling point, juice portions (0.1 ml) were serially diluted in peptone diluent (0.1%) and surface plated onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA). Counts of the bacterial colonies were made 48 hours after incubating plates at 35°C. Overall, reductions of E. coli were greater in cider treated with preservatives after UV processing than when preservatives were added prior to UV processing (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dimethyl dicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide were more effective than potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in reducing E. coli populations in conjunction with UV (P < 0.05). When added prior to UV exposure, potassium sorbate was the least effective, allowing for the greatest survival (P < 0.05). This study describes the use of UV in conjunction with hydrogen peroxide and dimethyl dicarbonate as an effective method for producing a 5-log or greater reduction of E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider.
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Whitney, Brooke Meredith. "Efficacy of high pressure processing in combination with chemical preservatives for the reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in apple juice and orange juice." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33853.

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The effect of pressure on the log reduction of six strains of E. coli O157:H7 and five serovars of Salmonella enterica were investigated in tryptic soy broth, sterile distilled water and commercially sterile orange and apple juice. Samples were subjected to high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 300 and 550 MPa for 2 minutes at 6°C, and then held for 24 hours at 4°C following treatment. E. coli O157:H7 strain E009 was the most pressure resistant, having a decrease of only 0.77 log10 CFU/ml directly after pressurization in TSB. S. Agona was the most pressure resistant Salmonella serovar tested with a decrease of 3.79 log¬10 CFU/ml in TSB at 550 MPa. The two most pressure resistant cultures were then used in a subsequent study using HHP in conjunction with antimicrobials (dimethyl dicarbonate [DMDC] at 62.5 and 125 ppm, hydrogen peroxide at 150 and 300 ppm, cinnamic acid, potassium salt at 125 and 250 ppm, potassium sorbate [KS] at 500 and 1000 ppm and sodium benzoate [NaB] at 500 and 1000). For both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, the most effective antimicrobial was DMDC having a 5.79 and 5.96 log10 CFU/ml decrease directly following pressurization, respectively. Other treatments that were significantly different from the samples treated with no antimicrobial were hydrogen peroxide, and NaB at 500 ppm for E. coli O157:H7 and a treatment of NaB at 1000 ppm for S. Agona. After 24 hours at 4°C, S. Agona samples with added antimicrobials had a close to or above 5-log10 CFU/ml reduction. DMDC should be further investigated as an antimicrobial agent that can work in conjunction with HHP.
Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Preservative efficacy"

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DeGroot, Rodney C. Efficacy of alternative preservatives used in dip treatments for wood boxes. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1986.

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Kelly, Anthony William. The efficacy of boron-based preservatives in temperate and tropical timber species. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, School of Biological Sciences, 1988.

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Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. The efficacy of Illinois' sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) pilot program: A report to the Illinois General Assembly. Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 2003.

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Efficacy of a borax-copper preservative in exposed applications. Madison, WI: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009.

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T, Lebow Stan, and Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Efficacy of a borax-copper preservative in exposed applications. Madison, WI: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009.

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T, Lebow Stan, and Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Efficacy of a borax-copper preservative in exposed applications. Madison, WI: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009.

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T, Lebow Stan, and Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Efficacy of a borax-copper preservative in exposed applications. Madison, WI: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009.

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1953-, Schultz Tor P., and American Chemical Society. Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division., eds. Development of commercial wood preservatives: Efficacy, environmental, and health issues. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2008.

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Preservation efficacy of pine wood tars. Nordic Council of Ministers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2008-579.

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Hinchman, John Brayton. The efficacy of a control period approach in historic preservation. 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Preservative efficacy"

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Heinzel, M. "Antimicrobial and Preservative Efficacy." In Cosmetics, 275–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59869-2_24.

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Serment, M. M. "Wood Preservative Efficacy Against Dry Wood Insects." In Biodeterioration 7, 762–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_100.

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Mohan, Manindra, Shiv Shanker Gautam, S. Zafar Haider, Neha Sen, Sanjay Gupta, and Prashant Singh. "Preservative Efficacy of Essential Oils Against Postharvested Fungi and Insects of Food Commodities – A Prospect to Go Green." In Fungal Biology, 461–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_16.

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Garud, Shyam Ramkrishna, Pradeep Singh Negi, and Navin Kumar Rastogi. "Improving the Efficacy of Ozone Treatment in Food Preservation." In Non-thermal Processing of Foods, 213–33. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22017-12.

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Wang, Yidan, Xueying Wang, Lubin Cui, Yunjin Sun, Jun Wu, and Fuqiang Qiao. "Inactivation Efficacy and Applications of Gliding Arc Discharge Plasma in Fresh Pork Meat Preservation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 291–300. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1673-1_44.

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Ranalli, Giancarlo, and Elisabetta Zanardini. "The Role of Microorganisms in the Removal of Nitrates and Sulfates on Artistic Stoneworks." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 263–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_12.

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AbstractThis chapter will focus on the role of microorganisms in the removal of nitrates and sulfates on artistic stoneworks. The main groups of microbes and their metabolisms involved in bioremoval methods for the preservation and protection of cultural artifacts are reported. The aim is to offer a comprehensive view on the role and potentiality of virtuous microorganisms in the biocleaning and bioremoval of black crusts and salts altering CH stoneworks. We highlight the importance of the use of the selected microorganisms and the adoption of adequate carriers for the anaerobic metabolism of nitrate and sulfate reducers to be applied on the altered stone surfaces. The following characteristics of the delivery system are of great importance: the ability to guarantee water content for microbes, the absence of toxicity for the environment, no negative effects to the stone surfaces, easy to prepare, to apply, and to remove from different stone surfaces at the end of the treatment. We report an overview of the last 30 years on the biocleaning processes including diagnostic studies of the alterations, the assessment of associated risks, the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed method, and the evaluation in terms of economic and environmental sustainability.
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Jroundi, Fadwa, Maria Teresa Gonzalez-Muñoz, and Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro. "Protection and Consolidation of Stone Heritage by Bacterial Carbonatogenesis." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_13.

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AbstractFor millennia, artists and architects around the world used natural stone for the carving of sculptures and the construction of monuments, such as Roman, Greek, and Maya temples, the European cathedrals, and the Taj Mahal, just to name a few. Currently, the survival of these irreplaceable cultural and historical assets is under threat due to their continued degradation caused by various biotic and abiotic weathering processes that affect not only the aesthetic appearance of these structures, but also their durability and survival. The natural precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals by bacteria has been proposed for conservative interventions in monument restoration. This chapter reviews the application of biomineralization by (indigenous) bacterial carbonatogenesis as a novel technology for the protection and consolidation of altered ornamental materials. Carbonatogenesis is based on the ability of some bacteria to induce calcium carbonate precipitation. Laboratory and in situ results support the efficacy of bacterial carbonatogenesis, since remarkable protection and consolidation are achieved on the surface and in depth, without alterations in color or porosity, and without fostering the development of microbiota that could be harmful to the stone material. A discussion on the advantages of this novel biotechnology is provided. Challenges and future work on bioconsolidation of stone artifacts are also outlined.
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Rapti, Stavroula, Stamatis C. Boyatzis, Shayne Rivers, and Anastasia Pournou. "Siderophores and their Applications in Wood, Textile, and Paper Conservation." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 301–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_14.

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AbstractSince the 1950s, siderophores have been acknowledged as nature’s chelating powerhouse and have been given considerable attention concerning their crucial roles in microorganisms and plants for capturing non-bioavailable iron from aquatic and terrestrial environments, as well as for their applications in agriculture, health, and materials science and environmental research. In recent years, the exceptional affinity and complexing efficacy, as well as the high selectivity of these potent chelators towards iron(III), have led to investigations by researchers aiming at understanding their capacity for removing potentially harmful and aesthetically unacceptable iron stains from organic substrates in cultural heritage objects. In the context of the conservation of cultural heritage objects, potent chelators have been proposed to remove iron from surfaces by transferring it to the more soluble complexed phase. In this review, the origins and the types of bio-environments of siderophores as well as their structure and chemistry are investigated and related to the requirements of conservation. It is evident that, given the enormous potential that these chelators have, the research for their application in cultural heritage is at a preliminary level, and has to date been within the rather narrow context of cellulosic materials such as paper and wood. The results of research conducted to date are presented in this review and questions regarding the optimal use of siderophores as iron-removing agents are posed.
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"Preservative Efficacy Test." In Validation Standard Operating Procedures, 834–41. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420009415-128.

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van Doorne, Hans. "Preservative Stability and Efficacy." In Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420021622.ch15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Preservative efficacy"

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Ferrar, Joseph, Philip Maun, Kenneth Wunch, Joseph Moore, Jana Rajan, Jon Raymond, Ethan Solomon, and Matheus Paschoalino. "Extended Downhole Protection by Preservative Biocides as Demonstrated in High Pressure, High Temperature Bioreactors." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204377-ms.

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Abstract Preservative biocides are designed to control microbial growth and biogenic souring in the downhole environment. We report the prevention of biogenic souring by 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine (DMO, a preservative biocide) and glutaraldehyde as compared to that afforded by tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC, a cationic surface-active biocide), in a first-of-its kind suite of High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT) Bioreactors that simulate hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs. The design of these new bioreactors, which recreate the downhole environment (temperatures, pressures, formation solids, and frac additives) in a controlled laboratory environment, enables the evaluation of biocides under field-relevant conditions. The bioreactors receiving either no biocide treatment or treatment with a high concentration of TTPC (50 ppm active ingredient) rapidly soured within the first two weeks of shut-in, and all surpassed the maximum detectable level of H2S (343 ppm) after the addition of live microbes to the reactors. Conversely, a higher loading of DMO (150 pppm active ingredient) maintained H2S concentrations below the minimum dectable level (5 ppm) for six weeks, and held H2S concentrations to 10.3 +/- 5.2 ppm after fifteen weeks of shut-in and two post shut-in microbial rechallenges. In a second study, a lower concentration of DMO (50 ppm active ingredient) maintained H2S concentrations below the minimum detectable level through the addition of live microbes after three weeks, and H2S concentrations only registered above 10 ppm upon a second addition of live microbes after five weeks. In this same study (which was performed at moderate temperatures), a 50 ppm (active ingredient) treatment of glutaraldehyde also maintained H2S concentrations below the minimum detectable level through the addition of live microbes after three weeks, and H2S concentrations registered 15.0 +/- 9.7 ppm H2S after four weeks. Similar time scales of protection are observed for each treatment condition through the enumeration of microbes present in each reactor. The differentiation in antimicrobial activity (and specifically, prevention of biogenic souring) afforded by DMO and glutaraldehyde suggests that such nonionic, preservative biocides are a superior choice for maintaining control over problematic microorganisms as compared to surface-active biocides like TTPC at the concentrations tested. The significant duration of efficacy provided by DMO and glutaraldehyde in this first-of-its-kind suite of simulated reservoirs demonstrates that comprehensive preservation and prevention of biogenic souring from completion through to production is feasible. Such comprehensive, prolonged protection is especially relevant for extended shut-ins or drilled but uncompleted wells (DUCS) such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The environment simulated within the bioreactors demonstrates that the compatibility afforded by a preservative biocide offers downhole protection that cationic, surface-active biocides do not.
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Souza, Izabel Cristina de, Gilmara de Lucena Beserra, Carlos Eduardo Arruda Lima, Luanna Ribeiro do Nascimento, Isael Cavalcante Silva, Richardson Lopes Bezerra, Paula Renata Amorim Lessa Soares, Samila Gomes Ribeiro, and Ana Karina Bezerra Pinheiro. "Aplicação da escala de autoeficácia do preservativo em população LGBTI+." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p003.

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Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis podem cursar de forma assintomática e o uso do preservativo é uma estratégia que pode assegurar sua prevenção. No Brasil, a distribuição de preservativos masculinos e femininos (externos e internos) é feita de forma massiva (mais de 370 milhões em 2020). No entanto o número de casos de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis cresceu mais de 60% entre os jovens na última década. Objetivo: Verificar a autoeficácia para o uso do preservativo em lésbicas, gays, transexuais/travestis e intersexuais (LGBTI+). Métodos: Pesquisa observacional, de abordagem transversal, quantitativa e descritiva. Amostra composta de 217 participantes. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ter idade igual ou maior a 18 anos; considerar-se lésbica, gay, bissexual, transexual/travesti, queer, intersexual, assexual, entre outros; ter tido ao menos um encontro sexual no último ano. A coleta de dados foi realizada de outubro a dezembro de 2019 em Fortaleza, sendo a pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Após assinatura de Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, foi aplicada a escala de autoeficácia do preservativo, instrumento traduzido da Condom Self-Efficacy Scale já validado no Brasil em 2018. Resultados: Das 14 questões do instrumento utilizado, todas tiveram a opção muito seguro como sendo a mais prevalente. O maior motivo de insegurança dos participantes foi o fato de portar preservativo sempre que precisasse utilizá-lo (5,9%), seguido da insegurança quanto à forma correta de retirar o preservativo (5,2%) e da possibilidade de conversar com o parceiro sobre uso do preservativo antes do envolvimento sexual (5,2%). Conclusão: A autoeficácia para uso do preservativo na população LGBTI+ foi menor no que diz respeito ao porte, à retirada do preservativo e à negociação com o parceiro sexual. O estudo evidenciou as principais necessidades do grupo analisado, possibilitando a elaboração de estratégias específicas, como a abordagem do tema e educação em saúde para essa população.
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3

Kočevar Glavač, N., S. Kreft, and M. Lunder. "Antimicrobial efficacy of selected natural preservatives in a cosmetic emulsion." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608169.

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Applegate, Dawn R., Kang Liu, and Jonathan Mansbridge. "Practical Considerations for Large-Scale Cryopreservation of a Tissue Engineered Human Dermal Replacement." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0587.

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Abstract Tissue engineering is redefining the field of transplantation by providing a readily available, off-the-shelf supply of consistent, easy to use, safe and effective products. Successful design and scale-up of both tissue growth and preservation processes have enabled maintenance of tissue integrity, functionality and viability from product manufacture to end-use and afforded clinical efficacy, feasibility of large-volume distribution and cost-effectiveness. Advances in tissue preservation are being realized through extension of mathematical models and biological principles for isolated cells to bench-scale tissue systems. Hence, implementation problems inherent to large-scale systems are not often considered. Furthermore, the effects of preservation on tissues are not always tested in vivo. This paper addresses the practical obstacles to the design and implementation of a large-scale cryopreservation process. The effects of cryopreservation on in vivo tissue functionality including alteration of cell signal transduction pathways and expression of stress proteins in response to cryopreservation are also reviewed.
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Njus, Glen, James Price, Anand Parikh, Snehal Chokhandre, John Konicek, and Richard Navarro. "Multi-Axis Testing of an Elastomeric Prosthetic Lumbar Disc Compared to a Cadaveric Human Disc." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38087.

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As motion preservation implants begin to replace fusion devices for lumbar degenerative disc disease, preclinical mechanical testing of these devices is critical to predicting their in vivo safety and efficacy. ISO and ASTM standards committees have tried for years to develop a universal test standard for all lumbar disc implants. The eDisc, an elastomeric/titanium disc replacement, is substantially different in its mechanical performance than the Synthes ProDisc or J&J Charite disc. These discs rely on ball and socket motion about a fixed or moving center or rotation to provide motion restoration in 3 to 5 axes. In contrast, the eDisc has viscoelastic motion in 3 translation and 3 rotational directions, just as in the natural human disc.
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Smit Sibinga, C. Th. "PLATELET TRANSFUSION THERAPY - FUTURE TRENDS AND FEASIBLE GOALS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644000.

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It is better to know than not to know the devil. Platelet transfusion therapy is one such devil. While the therapy initially is a benefit and might even be life-saving, it often implicates future problems which prohibit optimal efficacy.The factors determining both the beneficial and the prohibitive effects are complex and not seldom masked. Problem areas include the logistics of availability, the prevention of immunological effects and incompatibilities, the prevention of trans- missable diseases and the prediction of clinical efficacy.Efforts for optimising platelet transfusion therapy should focus on safety, purity, potency and clinical efficacy. However, each of these premises has to be outlined with precision in order to allow targetted development.Major areas of attention will be the selection and utilisation of available resources, the options for purification, efforts to optimise processing, preservation and storage conditions, innovation of the in vitro viability concept and alternative approaches to selection in order to increase the predictive value of compatibility testing.
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Gürel, Duygu Benzer, and Özlem Çağındı. "The Effect of Functional Foods on Mood, Cognitive Function and Well-Being." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.023.

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The concept of food as medicine is not new. The use of foods to prevent and/or treat certain diseases can be found in ancient drawings and writings. The most famous statement came from Hippocrates, who said “Let food be thy medicine.” It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to recognize that although all foods provide some level of physiological function, the term, “functional foods” is defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet regularly at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence. The most prominent results indicated that high total intake of fruits and vegetables, and some of their specific subgroups including berries, citrus, and green leafy vegetables, may promote higher levels of optimism and self-efficacy, as well as reduce the level of psychological distress, ambiguity, and cancer fatalism, and protect against depressive symptoms. Flavonoids are a class of organic polyphenolic compounds found in varying concentrations in plant-based whole foods such as berries, tea, cocoa, soybeans, and grains. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids can be beneficial to both cognitive and physiological health. As such, long term chronic supplementation with flavonoids has been investigated extensively, particularly concerning cognitive ageing and related neurodegenerative disorders. Less attention has been given to the acute effect of flavonoids on cognitive outcomes, within the immediate 0–6 h post ingestion. Therefore, the general recommendation to consume at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may be beneficial also for mental health. Immediate cognitive enhancement is often desirable in academic and work environments, such as during an exam or assessment. Besides, support a positive role for the nutrients EPA, DHA, magnesium, alpha-tocopherol, and folic acid, either alone or in combination with drugs, in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being. In this study, the effects of consumption of some functions on mood, cognitive function and mental health were investigated. Scientific findings support the combination of micro and macronutrients in a balanced and varied diet along with a healthy lifestyle for the maintenance of normal brain function, improvement of mental abilities, concentration, memory and alertness. Food components actively participate in the generation of nerve impulses by influencing neurotransmitters that activate different parts of the brain, thereby regulating our mental abilities, emotions and mood.
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Reports on the topic "Preservative efficacy"

1

Lebow, Stan T., Patricia K. Lebow, Bessie M. Woodward, Steven A. Halverson, William Abbott, and Michael M. West. Efficacy of a borax-copper preservative in exposed applications. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-655.

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Pan, Yunping, Juan Lu, Qin Wang, and Xuezhen Peng. Clinical efficacy evaluation of Papilla Preservation Technique alone or combined with other biomaterials in the treatment of deep intrabony defect. A Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0114.

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Mahmoudi, Farhad, Mahtab Mokarram, Sadegh Sabouhi, Sara Hashemi, Parastoo Saberi, and Hadi Zamanian. Application of digital health for improving medication adherence in MS patients. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0058.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of digital health interventions in monitoring and improving medication adherence in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Condition being studied: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to focal lesions in the white matter, characterized by selective primary demyelination with partial preservation of axons and reactive astrocytic gliosis. The disease is thought to be due to a complex interaction between different genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of MS is rising all over the world, due on one hand to earlier diagnosis and prolonged survival, and on the other to a true increase in incidence of the disease. The diagnosis of MS remains clinical despite recent advances in diagnostics and relies on demonstrating dissemination in space and time while excluding alternative diagnoses.
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Zhenni, Mu, Le Lei, Shen Sinan, and Tang Li. Effectiveness of integrated Chinese herbal medicine Shoutai Pill and Western medicine in the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0062.

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Review question / Objective: We provide a protocol to evaluate the efficacy of integrated Shoutai Pill and Western medicine to update the evaluation for the best available and security treatment for recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL). Condition being studied: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a distinct disorder defined by two or more consecutive pregnancy failures before 20 gestational weeks infertile couples. The incidence of this disease accounts for about 1%-5% of women of reproductive age and seriously affects their physical and psychological health. At present, the known etiology of this disease mainly includes abnormal anatomic structures, genetic abnormality, endocrine disorders, prethrombotic status, abnormal immune function, infection, etc. Excluding the above factors, approximately 40-50% of RPL remain unexplained, known as unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). At present, the main therapeutic methods of RPL are surgical therapy, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), hormone therapy, anti-infection therapy, anticoagulation, and immunoregulatory therapy, etc. However, there is no effective treatment has been identified for URPL. Therefore, we still need to investigate effective treatments to reduce pregnancy losses and maintain successful pregnancy preservation in these patients.
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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
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