Journal articles on the topic 'Preservation Services Branch'

Traditional libraries will evolve to digital libraries which are clearly superior at: Dissemination, sharing, linking, storing, and information variety. Therefore, one can say that electronic libraries have specific needs in terms of content, services and long-term preservation. In contrast, digital libraries suffer from several inherent constraints: storage limitation, performance, relevancy, decentralization, lack of semantic, fault tolerance, scalability. The main intention of this paper is to present a design of an integrated digital library system based on peer-to-peer data mining. This article aims also to prove that peer-to-peer mining, an emerging branch of distributed data mining, is a hot research area well suited to overcome intrinsic problems of digital libraries.

The authors discuss the study findings and the Library’s experience in integrating open access resources into the resource base of the information support offered to Siberian researchers and scholars. The dynamic technology of resources organization and use calls for continuous monitoring of the open access resources. Using the open access resources as an object of collection development improves the effectiveness of user services and preservation of socially significant content which impacts the libraries’ importance within the system of scientific communications. The library collection as a library’s strategic element is transforming with widening the formats, generic and specific limitations, and integrating traditional collections with the open access resources. This results in the sophisticating organizational and technological model of collection development. The efficiency of integrated open access library services demonstrate the users’ interest to and demand for them. The open access resources have been being increasingly included into the relevant collection development at the academic libraries. The systematic collection of open access resources can operate as a compensational technological system against other expensive resources. Integrating the open access resources into the collections of the State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch proves to be naturally determined and impacts the prospects for collection development.

Although I have worked in libraries since I was in high school (which was much longer ago than I care to admit), I did not become a librarian until 2007. Why I chose to wait so long before going to library school is a story for another time. But there are some advantages to working as a student employee and then as a full-time paraprofessional in a large academic library—in my case, the University of Minnesota Libraries—before going to library school. One is that over the years I have done just about everything there is to do in a library. I have shelved books, worked in circulation, answered reference questions, done collection development, worked in technical services, shifted collections, done preservation work . . . the list goes on. As first a branch manager and now as a library administrator, the depth and breadth of my work experience in libraries has been invaluable; my work as a paraprofessional in particular has had a profound impact on how I approach librarianship in general.

Abstract Introduction. The high level of the restaurant business profitability along with its riskiness makes it possible to consider it as a promising sector of development, especially in regions where there are free niches. Significant dynamism of changes in the external environment of this industry in comparison with others necessitates continuous information monitoring. The purpose of the article is to determine the current state of the restaurant industry of Chernivtsi region and to outline perspective directions of its development in the current conditions. Results. The contents of the «restaurant industry» concept and its evolution are considered. It is determined that the modern tendencies of its development are caused by the formation of a market economy with a focus on leisure organization. An dynamics analysis of the restaurant services market in Ukraine is presented. Market analysis of Chernivtsi region has been given. The role of this branch in the region economy is determined. The employment dynamics in the field of temporary accommodation and catering of Chernivtsi region is analyzed, and the forecast of the considered indicator till 2020 is developed. The dynamics analysis of gross value added and output of the research industry for the years 2014-2017 is carried out, which allows to confirm the stable growth, which for the whole period amounted to 41.1% of output and 37.5% of value added. Conclusions. The key development tendencies of the restaurants in the Chernivtsi region are identified: unsaturation of the market and positive trends of growth make it possible to consider it as promising, despite the low population level, trends in employment dynamics make it possible to consider it as a promising source of new jobs, dynamics of output and gross value added testify to the growing demand for restaurant business services, despite the relatively low standard of living. Proposed directions of restaurant market development in Chernivtsi region are offered: price democratization, tourism orientation with preservation of authenticity, deepening of specialization, expansion of entertaining and cognitive services, catering, automation of business processes and online sales. Key words: restaurant industry, restaurant, restaurant market, restaurant business, coffee shop, types of coffee shops, coffee market.

The article raises questions of a historical and cultural nature related to the activities of cultural and leisure institutions of the city of Izhevsk in the Udmurt Republic. One of the features of Udmurtia is its multi-ethnicity. More than 130 nationalities live in this republic. Modern trends connected with the construction of a common world space actualize the problem of preserving the ethno-cultural field, which is a unique example of folk culture. The main attention is paid to the history and main lines of activity of MBIC HC “Vostochny”, which is the Center for cultural services for the population of the “Vostochny” microdistrict of the Industrial District of Izhevsk. The House of Culture has been in existence since 1949. By the moment the House of Culture has created all the conditions for the development of the creative abilities of people of different ages, and the audience has a wide choice of different kinds of performances. One of the main directions of the “Vostochny” House of Culture is work in the field of development and preservation of ethnic traditions and culture. For several years effective cooperation has continued with the Izhevsk city branch of the All-Udmurt Association “Udmurt Kenesh” Interregional Public Organization. Together with this organization the “Vostochny” House of Culture organizes and holds some national festivals and cultural events dedicated to various state dates and public holidays. In the House of Culture one of the leading Udmurt amateur art group of the city of Izhevsk is based - Laureate of the Kuzeby Gerd Prize Folk Ensemble of the Udmurt song “Invozho”. Also within the walls of the “Vostochny” House of Culture another national group works - the Folk Ensemble of the Mari song “Osh Peledysh” (“White Flower”). This ensemble is an active participant in international events, where it acquaints the audience with their work filled with a special ethical flavor. Thus the activity to preserve ethnic traditions and popularization of folk culture is a very important area for many cultural and leisure institutions. Studying folklore and giving it different scenic forms makes it attractive to a wide audience of different ages. Despite many problems (primarily financial) folk groups search for new forms of studying ethnic material.

Topicality. One of the most important aspects of innovative marketing management is its focus on the future, which consists in forecasting the possibility of resource extraction, use of new technologies, methods of cleaning, recycling and waste disposal, the ability to meet economic and environmental needs by offering appropriate (or alternative) goods or services . The system of innovative marketing-management of natural resources and conditions, rational use of nature is based entirely on knowledge of consumer demand and its expected changes in the near future, the fuller the product meets the wishes and environmental needs of the buyer, the greater the success of the manufacturer. Such a systematic approach in the development of new information and communication technologies for economic security is relevant. Innovations in marketing management should be considered comprehensively, taking into account environmental factors, as one of the most important components in the future development of the economy, and therefore one of its central links is the study of the market of environmental goods and services, market of environmental needs and environmental demand. environmental safety.Environmental protection, rational use of natural resources, ensuring the environmental safety of human life - an integral condition of economic, environmental and social development of Ukraine. Innovations are the basis for providing an innovative component of marketing management of the economic security of the enterprise, region, state. Sustainable economic development is largely due to the coordinating role of the state in creating conditions for the implementation of innovative marketing management, the accumulation of appropriate funds by enterprises, the use of elements of environmental marketing. That is, without investing real investment in the manufacturing sector, the development and efficiency of innovation processes that determine the economic growth of any country and its economic security is impossible.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to determine in modern conditions of environmental and economic safety to consider the mechanism of formation of innovative marketing management.Research results. The needs of people in clean natural resources and conditions, in safe goods and services are the basis of strategic state policy - economic and environmental security of society. Of fundamental importance is the focus of production and economic activities on the production of the required environmentally friendly and environmentally safe products that meet environmental quality standards of the product and environmental standards of the environment, withstands production, sales, exchange and consumption. Innovative marketing management promotes the development of basic and applied research, the creation of a special branch of scientific knowledge about the properties and patterns of market dynamics, principles and methods, tools and forms of management of eco-marketing activities in the formation of economic security.Currently, the innovation of marketing management has become universal and has a strong influence on theoretical approaches to environmental management (nature management), of particular importance are studies aimed at stimulating all types of environmental activities and resource conservation. The main direction of economic regulation in terms of economic security is the transformation of the economy - is the soft introduction of certain elements of the economic mechanism without any radical breakage of existing structures to stabilize positions in order to ensure economic security.Conclusion. New technogenic space, organized around new flows of economic and environmental information, transforming production flows, creating a plurality of global industrial networks, including leading eco-innovation environments, on the one hand, contribute to the creation of territorial-spatial and ecoregions, ecometropolises. On the other hand, it leads to the isolation of regions for conducting, for example, organic farming, preservation of traditional forms of nature management, biodiversity. The new global secure economy and the emerging information society have a new spatial form that takes into account marketing management and includes environmental factors in their diversity.It is substantiated that in order to study the theoretical and practical issues of interactions and interactions of technologies, society, space and ecology, the mechanism of innovative marketing management should be applied taking into account the quality of the environment.

The increasing demand for food resulting from demographic growth has required more productive agropastoral practices. Consequently, new areas were selected for agropastoral production in an arbitrary way, disregarding land use capacity. This ends up in acceleration of degradation processes, mainly those related to water erosion. In this context, the system of land use capacity proposes the classification of maximum use allowed for land of a rural property or of a hydrographic sub-basin, in an attempt to make sustainable plans of use and management of natural resources. Concerning current use of land, the system indicates the sites where there are conflicts in use in relation to their use capacity. Thus, it is possible to propose measures to adapt land use to its use capacity. Therefore, in this study, the classes of land use capacity at the hydrographic sub-basin of Córrego Pedra Branca, in Alfenas, in the state of Minas Gerais, were evaluated. For that purpose, the following soil parameters were evaluated: effective depth, water permeability, texture, declivity, erosion class, base saturation, effective and potential cationic exchange capacity, and aluminum saturation. Soil analyses presented values of base saturation and of low capacity of effective and potential cationic exchange, which illustrate the low natural fertility of these soils, as well as aluminum saturation level harmful to most cultures. Thus, land use would be restricted to low impact, permanent crops, silvicultures, associated agrosilvipastoral system with conservationist management techniques, as, for example, direct seeding, soil correction and fertilization, and reforestation of permanent preservation areas

The preservation of desired levels of service quality, product quality and awareness is domineering for firms to stay competitive. Islamic banking system of Pakistan is more growing and become popular that provide the products with the premises of Sharia compliance, but there is problem in this sector is lack of knowledge about the products. Findings relay on data collected through surveys of 300 customers of south Punjab Islamic banking sector. Through the respondent’s opinions, our study revealed that service quality and product quality have significantly relationship with customer satisfaction and loyalty. There is shortage of familiarity about Islamic banking products to the customers and this caused to low satisfaction. Proper information is highly required in this sector to create patronize customers. More findings exposed that customer satisfaction positively indicates to customer loyalty and by using the Andrew Hayes method religiosity only moderates between service quality and customer satisfaction because religiosity is not the sole factor to satisfy the customers without proper information system about products. To maintain the competitive edge there is highly required proper brochures system in every branch with easily access to the customers for more convenience.

Object The authors report the management and outcomes of 55 patients with 60 intracranial aneurysms arising distal to the major branch points of the circle of Willis and vertebrobasilar system. Methods Between July 1997 and December 2006, the authors' neurovascular service treated 2021 intracranial aneurysms in 1850 patients. The database was reviewed retrospectively to identify peripherally located intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysms that were mycotic and aneurysms that were associated with either an arteriovenous malformation or an atrial myxoma were excluded from review. Results The authors encountered 60 peripheral intracranial aneurysms in 55 patients. There were 42 small, 7 large, and 11 giant lesions. Forty-one (68%) were unruptured, and 19 (32%) had bled. Fifty-three aneurysms were treated surgically by using direct clip reconstruction in 26, trapping or proximal occlusion with distal revascularization in 21, excision with end-to-end anastomosis in 3, and circumferential wrap/clip reconstruction in 3. Coils were used to treat 6 aneurysms, and 1 was treated by endovascular parent artery occlusion. Overall, 49 patients had good outcomes, 4 were left with new neurological deficits, and 2 died. Conclusions Peripherally situated intracranial aneurysms are rare lesions that present unique management challenges. Despite the fact that in the authors' experience these lesions were rarely treatable with simple clipping of the aneurysm neck or endovascular coil occlusion, preservation of the parent artery was possible in most cases, and the majority of patients had a good outcome.

While Asian and European countries were grappling with the Covid-19 pandemic, the first imported case from the United Kingdom surfaced in Jamaica on 10 March 2020. The article will trace the steps taken by the National Library of Jamaica (NLJ) before and during the pandemic while improving the value of our cultural heritage to Jamaica and the wider diaspora. The NLJ celebrated 40 years of sterling contribution to the development of Jamaica from March 1979 to April 2020. It has been a leading voice in the region in disaster management and preparedness. Through its Preservation and Conservation Branch, and oversight from the Disaster Preparedness Committee, the NLJ has become a training ground for professionals in the information and conservation field. While highlighting the work of the NLJ, the article will also present statements and surveys conducted on regional and international bodies. These organisations include the Association of Caribbean University, Research and Institutional Libraries (ACURIL), the Community of Directors of National Libraries (a subgroup of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) and the Society of American Archivists. The surveys conducted gleaned a greater appreciation of the impact of Covid-19 on libraries and archives regionally and internationally. The article will address other pandemic crises that have affected Jamaica. It will also demonstrate that being proactive and prepared for viral episodes can mitigate the risks. The NLJ used the opportunity to facilitate service delivery while being socially distant from its patrons.

Introduction. Multiple studies of health state of workers in various economic branches of Russia revealed that peripheral nervous system diseases are among the most prevalent disorders. Th eir prevalence varies from 32.3 to 58 diseases per 100 examined workers, and they occupy usually fi rst place in the morbidity structure. Th ey are leaders among occupational diseases also. Objective. To determine features of occupational morbidity with peripheral nervous system diseases and its structure among workers in various economic branches of Bashkortostan Republic. Materials and methods. Th orough analysis covered occupational morbidity with peripheral nervous system diseases by separate branches, workers who are directly exposed to occupational hazards. Specifi c levels of the morbidity are defi ned by occupations, length of service in each economic branch. Results. Over 100 cases of occupational diseases are annually registered in Bashkortostan Republic. Over a half of them (54%) are diseases of peripheral nervous system. Th eir share among all occupational diseases tends to increase. Th e most prevalent type of peripheral nervous system diseases are radiculopathy (0.29 cases) and vibration disease (0.14 cases per 10,000 workers). Nearly all occupational diseases of peripheral nervous system are diagnosed in machinery building, metallurgic, mining, oil extracting industries, agriculture and building industry. In these economic branches, average of 16.59 cases per 10,000 workers exposed to occupational hazards is assigned to occupational peripheral nervous system diseases. Occupational diseases of peripheral nervous system diagnosed at average length of service of 23,3±3,4 years. Th e study results helped to determine specifi c economic branches associated with peripheral nervous system disorders development. At the highest risk of peripheral nervous system disorders are workers of mining (20,8‰0) and metallurgic (10,6‰0) industries. Conclusions. Peripheral nervous system diseases are the main causes of occupational morbidity, detailed according to specifi c economic branches and occupational groups, should be a basis of particular measures on lower impact of occupational risk factors, on prevention, health preservation, occupational and medical rehabilitation of the diseased.

Subscription to periodicals indirectly shows the ethnolinguistic identity of the population, as in order to meet ethno-cultural needs individuals give preference to that Mass media which is closer to them by the language and world-view. Along with the regional and republican newspapers and magazines published in Bashkortostan, the Finno-Ugric peoples actively take in periodicals from the neighboring Republics, which makes it possible to meet ethnic, cultural and national language needs more widely. The article is based on the materials from the archive of the Ufa Federal Postal Service of the Republic of Bashkortostan,a branch of “Post of Russia”, as well as data from the Press Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan. It makes an attempt to explore the national cultural needs of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the field of printed Press. The work is based on statistical data, including the current archives of Press and Media Agency of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Federal postal service of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as the results of population censuses. The principle of historicism, statistical and systematic approaches make the theoretical basis of the research. In Bashkortostan newspapers for the Mari population are published in the Mari language in two districts – Mishkinskiy and Kaltasinskiy, with 71,5 and 45,9 % of the Mari population according to 2010 census. In Tatyshlinskiy district with 21,5 % of Udmurt population, there is one regional newspaper in the Udmurt language. Taking into account the needs of the Mari population of the Republic, since 1991 the Republican newspaper “Cholman” (“Kama”) has been published in the Mari language. Since 1999 there has been another newspaper with Republican circulation in the Udmurt language – “Oshmes”. Newspapers and magazines in the Mordovian language are not published in Bashkortostan. The Mordovian population subscribes periodicals from the Republic of Mordovia. The promotion of subscriptions in the Finno-Ugric languages in the Republic would contribute to the further preservation and development of native languages and strengthening the ethnic identity of the Finno-Ugric population in Bashkortostan.

Introduction: Little has been reported regarding endovascular therapy with stent of renal artery hilar aneurysms. To that end, we herein report the outcomes of 3 hilar renal artery aneurysms (RAA) treated with an endovascular technique that makes use of a covered stent and coil embolization in the repair of hilar RAA and deem using this technique is better than traditional open approach with back-table repair and autotransplatation. Methods: Since November 2014, 3 consecutive patients have been referred to the vascular surgery service for evaluation of a right RAA; these patients’ aneurysms were diagnosed with a CT arteriogram prior to evaluation. These patients, typically treated with open surgery, were deemed to be candidates for endovascular repair and were treated as follows: (1) cannulation of the right Common Femoral Artery with a selective arteriogram of the right renal artery, (2) covered stent to dominant hilar artery branch, and (3) coil embolization of the remaining branches/tributaries. Perioperative outcomes and quality measures were analyzed and compared. Results: The aneurysms were successfully covered and excluded as confirmed by a completion arteriogram. There were no perioperative morbidities (ie, acute kidney injury, endoleak, etc), and all 3 patients were discharged home the same days of their interventions. At their follow-up visits, the patients were free of symptoms and had normal renal functions as well as Computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirming successfully excluded aneurysms and no endoleaks. Conclusion: The technique we used demonstrated excellent outcomes with minimal comorbidities and preservation of renal function. As with many endovascular interventions, our technique compared favorably to traditional open technique in terms of technical feasibility, decreased length of stay, faster recovery, maintaining renal function, and reduced complication rates.

The main stages of development and formation of the cardiovascular surgery in the Republic of Tatarstan and the role of the department of surgical diseases №2, on the basis of which this branch of surgery engendered in the 60s of XX century, are represented. The first demonstrational cardiac surgeries (closed mitral commissurotomy) were performed in Kazan at the premises of the 3d city hospital by academician A.A. Vishnevsky in 1958. In 1963 the 6th city hospital became the main base of the department of surgical diseases №2 in Kazan, and the first cardiac surgery intervention was performed on April 15, 1963 on 26 years old patient with mitral stenosis of rheumatic etiology. In the 70s of XX century cardiac surgery service at the premises of 6th city clinical hospital got the status of Interregional cardiac surgery center. From the beginning of the 1990s, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery became leading in the department of cardiac surgery. In 1992 the cardiac surgery department of the 6th city clinical hospital was reorganized and became the Kazan Center of Cardiovascular Surgery with 75 beds, since 1995 bearing the name of professor N.P. Medvedev. In 2000 the department was headed by associate professor R.K. Dzhordzhikiya (doctoral thesis «Minimally invasive surgery of acquired heart valve disease», 2004). In 2005 more than 300 cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries has been performed in the clinic. In 2006 employees of the center in almost full strength moved to the Interregional clinical diagnostic center, the first cardiac surgery at the center was performed in September 2006. Annually the number of high-tech operations increases. At the same time scientific research work is carrying out. The generalizing research studing the results of the preservation of annulo-papillary continuity when replacing valve in the mitral position with mechanical prosthesis in patients with rheumatic disease conducted at the center was one of the first in Russia. The past 80 years of the history of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and the stable foundation laid by previous generations of researchers and clinicians, the glorious representatives of the Kazan school of cardiovascular surgery, serve as a guarantee of successive development of scientific and clinical work of the department and the whole cardiac surgery service in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The role of a musical instrument in the development, preservation and revival of the native cul-ture, in the establishment of esthetic consciousness of multinational Russia’s peoples is difficult to overestimate. Balalaika has won the audience’s hearts, and today it is difficult to find balalaika admirers who are not familiar with performances of accomplished balalaika players – People’s Artist of the USSR, the laureate of state prize, Professor P.I. Necheporenco, People’s Artist of Russia, Pro-fessor E.G. Blinov, and their many students and followers. Orel is home of one of the oldest educational institutions in Russia – Orel Musical College, which, according to the archive documents of Orel and St. Petersburg, was founded in 1877. The good name of the College is supported by its today’s students and teachers. It is here where Orel’s balalaika education was established and developed. In August 1953, on the initiative of the Main Department for Arts of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the graduate of the Department of String Musical Instruments of Oktyabrskaya Revolutsiya Music College (now “A.Schnittke Moscow State Institute of Music”) Vera Ivanovna Max-imova came to Orel. It was V.I. Maximova who took charge of creating the string folk music instru-ments class. She also taught domra and balalaika class and was the head of the folk music instruments orchestra of the College. She traveled a lot seeking out young talents in the districts of the Region. Lukonina Lubov Ivanovna, a famous teacher in Orel, combines her work in the ensemble “Or-lovski Suvenir” (“Orel Souvenir”) with educating younger generation of musicians and teachers of Orel. Following their teacher’s traditions, L.I. Lukonina’s students participate in various contests and become laureates. The graduate of Orel Music College, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Kovaleva carries on the work of A.V. Dorofeev and V.I. Maximova. In 1969 she enters the Tambov Branch of Moscow Institute of Culture. For family reasons she interrupts her studies and continues her education at the Orel Branch of Moscow Institute of Culture (now Orel State Institute of Culture). Alexander Alexandrovich Somov is one of the few balalaika players who, for many years, is demonstrating excellent performing skills, stability, brilliant virtuoso technique, impeccable musical taste, artistry. It is amazing how sonorous the voice of the balalaika becomes when it is in the hands of the virtuoso performer and propagandist of this Russian beauty. Stacatto dance tunes and brooding reverie, vigorous energy and strict simplicity fill the musician’s play. Graduating from V.S. Kalinnikov Music School in Orel, balalaika class of N.M. Kovaleva, he entered Orel Music College, the class of L.I. Lukonina. After the graduation A.A. Somov served his military service and entered Rostov State Music Institute (now Rostov State Conservatory. Rachmaninov). He was enrolled in the class of the famous balalaika player, Honored Artist of Russia, rector – А.S. Danilov. At the Institute he worked in the ensemble “Dontsi” (artistic director – Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation, A.P. Kolontaev). Selina Galina Ivanovna is one of those prominent musicians-teachers who are capable of encouraging love for music in their students. She is sincerely involved in her work, which is aimed at bringing both professional skills and rich musical knowledge to students. In Orel there is a professional orchestra of folk music instruments, which is the first orchestra of this kind in the history of the Orel Region. It engages Orel’s best musicians and teachers. The first performance of the professional orchestra of folk music instruments took place in Orel on November 5, 1987. The orchestra was created on the basis of the Region’s musical society. In January 1991, by the decision of the administrative bodies of Orel, it received the status of the munici-pal orchestra. The founder and artistic director of the ensemble is Honoured Art Worker of Russia, Professor of the Orel State Institute of Culture, Viktor Kirianovich Suchoroslov. Orel’s educators are trying to revive and spread the native Russian traditions of instrumental per-formance and enrich them with high performing culture. Creative and pedagogical activities of balalai-ka players in the Orel Region convincingly show the high professional level of musicians. Teachers of modern children's art schools, College of Culture and Arts, Music College and Orel State Institute of Culture are highly qualified, competent and dedicated professionals who inspire their students. Crea-tive and pedagogical activities of balalaika players in Orel contribute to further preservation and development of this type of performing art.

We live in a world of near continuous monitoring. In our automobiles we monitor the status of fuel, oil pressure, temperature, and seat belts through gauges, lights, and electronic voices. The consumption of electricity and fuel in our homes is monitored as is the chlorine in our drinking water and the alcohol in our beer. Manufacturers retain quality assurance inspectors and issue warrantees and guarantees to convince us that all is well. We monitor our schools and measure our own progress through grades and proficiency scores. It seemed appropriate, therefore, that the Illinois Natural History Survey should take a measure of the living natural resources of Illinois by bringing together a knowledgeable group of persons to summarize the state of the State. In order to share this information and to provide an opportunity for discussion, a symposium, "Our Living Heritage: The Biological Resources of Illinois," was sponsored by the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources and organized by the Survey. The event, timed to coincide with Earth Day 1990 celebrations, was held on April 2.^ and 24 on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It was attended by nearly 250 professional scientists from some 50 agencies and institutions along with a number of interested and dedicated citizens. To share the results of that symposium with an even larger audience, we have issued this publication of its proceedings. To address the salient features of the living resources of Illinois in an ordered fashion, the symposium was presented in five sessions: forests, prairies and barrens, wetlands, streams and caves, and agro-urban ecology. When we consider that only (.).59t of Illinois remains in undisturbed natural areas, that Illinois ranks 46th among states in publicly owned open space per person, that forest acreage has decreased by 73% in the past century and tallgrass prairie by over 99%, that 85% of our wetlands have been lost, that soil erosion proceeds at the rate of 200 million tons per year, and that approximately 30,000 tons of herbicide and 3,500 tons of insecticides are used annually on agricultural crops in Illinois, we can scarcely imagine the tone of the symposium to have been anything but pessimistic. In part, there was discouragement, but it was tempered by positive developments, including the designation of the Middle Fork of the Vermilion River as a National Wild and Scenic River, the acquisition of the Cache River Basin, the initiation of a study to identify high-quality Illinois streams based on biodiversity, and the ever quickening actions of the Nature Preserves Commission. Preservation/conservation has been in conflict with consumption/development since the days of Theodore Roosevelt. At times one side seems to prevail over the other, but the balance has been clearly on the side of consumption. Special interest groups have to a considerable extent managed to give the word environmentalist a pejorative cast and the word development a positive ring. During the past decade, the executive branch of the federal government has determinedly downplayed environmental concerns, and that stance has been translated into inertia in a number of federal agencies with responsibility for natural resources. The focus of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, for example, has until very recently ignored the living components of the environment. At the same time, public sensitivity to environmental concerns has dramatically increased, primarily through public service television and other media-generated presentations on tropical deforestation, extinction of species, depletion of the ozone layer, agro-chemical contamination of groundwater, and the effects of acid rain. Some of this concern is now being transformed into political action. Polls suggest that the public understanding of environmental matters is quite high, and some beheve that it exceeds the perceptions of elected officials. A Green Party has emerged in this country only very recently, but Greens are a part of both major political parties and the trend in federal legislation may soon begin to sway in favor of conservation/preservation and away from consumption/development. The National Institutes for the Environment may well become a reality within the next several years. Within this tentatively encouraging national picture, the symposium was timely indeed. One symposium event of special interest cannot be documented in these proceedings — the "citizens respond" program of Monday evening, April 23—and I would like to note it here. Michael Jeffords and Susan Post of the Survey opened that session with a mulitmedia presentation on the biodiversity of Illinois. Their slides of representative plants and animals and habitats of the natural divisions of Illinois brought home to us the beauty and fragility that can yet be discovered in the landscape of our state. A panel presentation by five environmental activists followed: Clark Bullard, Office of Energy Research at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Max Hutchison, Natural Land Institute of The Nature Conservancy; Lawrence Page of the Illinois Natural History Survey; Donna Prevedell, farmwife and contributing editor to the Progressive Farmer, and Michael Reuter, Volunteer Stewardship Network of The Nature Conservancy. They spoke briefly but openly on preservation activities in which they had been closely involved. The discussion was then turned over to the audience, who asked questions and shared their experiences—successes and failures—with preservation efforts. I urge you to read on in order to understand the status of the biological resources of Illinois and to appreciate how much remains to be accomplished to secure their future—and ours. I would be remiss, however, if I did not conclude by acknowledging the committee of Survey staff who planned and conducted the symposium: Lawrence Page, Michael Jeffords, Joyce Hofmann, Susan Post, Louis Iverson, and Audrey Hodgins. Their efforts included developing the program, arranging for speakers and facilities, producing and mailing promotional materials, and welcomine the audience. Without their enthusiasm and hard work, the symposium v^ould not have materialized and our understanding of the biological resources of Illinois would be much diminished. Lorin I. Nevling. ChiefIllinois Natural History Suney

Educational conditions reflect society’s cultural traditions and political system, in turn affecting society’s development. The development of the younger generation is guided by way of education, for which reason working out educational policy requires the participation of society’s various interest groups. This article analyses changes in the teaching of history in the transitional period from the Soviet era to restored independent statehood. The development of subject content, the complicated role of the history teacher, the training of history teachers, and the start of the renewal of textbooks and educational literature are examined. The aim is to ascertain in retrospect the developments that took place prior to the restoration of Estonia’s independence, in other words the first steps that laid the foundation for today’s educational system. Legislation, documents, publications, and media reports preserved in the archives of the Ministry of Education and Research and the Archival Museum of Estonian Pedagogics were drawn upon in writing this article, along with the recollections of teachers who worked in schools in that complicated period. These recollections were gathered by way of interviews (10) and questionnaires (127). Electronic correspondence has been conducted with key persons who participated in changes in education in order to clarify information, facts, conditions and circumstances. The discussion in education began with a congress of teachers in 1987, where the excessive regulation of education was criticised, along with school subjects with outdated content, and the curriculum that was in effect for the entire Soviet Union. The resolution of the congress presented the task of building a national and independent Estonian school system. The congress provided an impetus for increasing social activeness. An abundance of associations and unions of teachers and schools emerged in the course of the educational reform of the subsequent years. After the congress, the Minister of Education, Elsa Gretškina, initiated a series of expert consultations at the Republic-wide Institute for In-service Training of Teachers (VÕT) for reorganising general education. The pedagogical experience of Estonia and other countries was analysed, new curricula were drawn up and evaluated, and new programmes were designed for school subjects. The solution was seen in democratising education: in shaping the distinctive character of schools, taking into account specific local peculiarities, establishing alternative schools, differentiating study, increasing awareness and the relative proportion of humanities subjects and foreign language study, better integrating school subjects, and ethical upbringing. The problems of schools where Russian was the language of instruction were also discussed. The Ministry of Education announced a competition for school programmes in 1988 to find innovative ideas for carrying out educational reform. The winning programme prescribed compulsory basic education until the end of the 9th grade, and opportunities for specialisation starting in the second year of study in secondary school, that is starting in the 11th grade. Additionally, the programme prescribed a transition to a 12-grade system of study. Schools where Russian was the language of instruction were to operate separately, but were obliged to teach the Estonian language and Estonian literature, history, music and other subjects. Hitherto devised innovative ideas for developing Estonian education were summed up in the education platform, which is a consensual document that was approved at the end of 1988 at the conference of Estonian educators and in 1989 by the board of the ESSR State Education Committee. The constant reorganisation of institutions hindered development in educational conditions. The activity of the Education Committee, which had been formed in 1988 and brought together different spheres of educational policy, was terminated at the end of 1989, when the tasks of the committee were once again transferred to the Ministry of Education. The Republic-wide Institute for In-service Training of Teachers, the ESSR Scientific-Methodical Cabinet for Higher and Secondary Education, the ESSR Teaching Methodology Cabinet, the ESSR Preschool Upbringing Methodology Cabinet, and the ESSR Vocational Education Teaching and Methodology Cabinet were all closed down in 1989. The Estonian Centre for the Development of Education was formed in July of 1989 in place of the institutions that were closed down. The Institute for Pedagogical Research was founded on 1 April 1991 as a structural subunit of the Tallinn Pedagogical Institute, and was given the task of developing study programmes for general education schools. The Institute for the Scientific Research of Pedagogy (PTUI) was also closed down as part of the same reorganisation. The work of history and social studies teachers was considered particularly complicated and responsible in that period. The salary rate of history teachers working in secondary schools was raised in 1988 by 15% over that of teachers of other subjects, since their workload was greater than that of teachers of other subjects – the renewal of teaching materials did not catch up with the changes that were taking place in society and teachers themselves had to draw up pertinent teaching materials in place of Soviet era textbooks. Articles published in the press, newer viewpoints found in the media, published collections of documents, national radio broadcasts, historical literature and school textbooks from before the Second World War, and writings of notable historians, including those that were published in the press throughout the Soviet Union, were used for this purpose. Teachers had extensive freedom in deciding on the content of their subject matter, since initially there were no definite arrangements in that regard. A history programme group consisting of volunteer enthusiasts took shape at a brainstorming session held after the teachers’ congress. This group started renewing subject matter content and working out a new programme. The PTUI had already launched developmental work. There in the PTUI, Silvia Õispuu coordinated the development of history subject matter content (this work continued until 1993, when this activity became the task of the National Bureau of Schools). The curriculum for 1988 still remained based on history programmes that were in effect throughout the Soviet Union. The greatest change was the teaching of history as a unified course in world history together with themes from the history of the Estonian SSR. The first new curriculum was approved in the spring of 1989, according to which the academic year was divided up into three trimesters. The school week was already a five-day week by then, which ensured 175 days of study per year. The teaching of history began in the 5th grade and it was taught two hours per week until the end of basic school (grades 5 – 9). Compulsory teaching of history was specified for everyone in the 10th grade in secondary school, so-called basic education for two hours a week. The general and humanities educational branches had to study history three hours a week while the sciences branch only had to study history for two hours a week. Students were left to decide on optional subjects and elective subjects based on their own preferences and on what the school was able to offer. The new conception of teaching history envisaged that students learn to know the past through teaching both in the form of a general overview as well as on the basis of events and phenomena that most characterise the particular era under consideration. The teacher was responsible for choosing how in-depth the treatment of the subject matter would be. The new programmes were implemented in their entirety in the academic year of 1990/1991. At the same time, work continued on improving subject programmes. After ideological treatments were discarded, the aim became to make teaching practice learner-oriented. The new curriculum was optional for schools where the language of instruction was Russian. Recommendations for working with renewed subject content regarding Estonian themes in particular were conveyed by way of translated materials. These schools mostly continued to work on the basis of the structure and subject content that was in effect in the Soviet Union, teaching only the history of the Soviet Union and general history. Certain themes from Estonian history were considered in parallel with and on the basis of the course on the history of the Soviet Union. The number of lessons teaching the national official language (Estonian) was increased in the academic year of 1989/1990 and a year later, subjects from the Estonian curriculum started being taught, including Estonian history. The national curriculum for Estonian basic education and secondary education was finally unified once and for all in Estonia’s educational system in 1996. During the Soviet era, the authorities attempted to make the teaching profession attractive by offering long summer breaks, pension insurance, subsidised heating and electricity for teachers in the countryside, and apartments free of charge. This did not compensate the lack of professional freedom – teachers worked under the supervision of inspectors since the Soviet system required history teachers to justify Soviet ideology. The effectiveness of each teacher’s work was assessed on the basis of social activeness and the grades of their students. The content and form of Sovietera teacher training were the object of criticism. They were assessed as not meeting the requirements of the times and the needs of schools. Changes took place in the curricula of teacher training in 1990/1991. Teachers had to reassess and expand their knowledge of history during the transitional period. Participation in social movements such as the cultural heritage preservation movement also shaped their mentality. The key question was educational literature. The government launched competitions and scholarships in order to speed up the completion of educational literature. A teaching aid for secondary school Estonian history was published in 1989 with the participation of 18 authors. Its aim was set as the presentation of historical facts that are as truthful as possible from the standpoint of the Estonian people. Eesti ajalugu (The History of Estonia) is more of a teacher’s handbook filled with facts that lacks a methodical part, and does not include maps, explanations of terms or illustrations meant for students. The compendious treatment of Estonian history Kodulugu I and II (History of our Homeland) by Mart Laar, Lauri Vahtre and Heiki Valk that was published in the Loomingu Raamatukogu series was also used as a textbook in 1989. It was not possible to publish all planned textbooks during the transitional period. The first round of textbooks with renewed content reached schools by 1994. Since the authors had no prior experience and it was difficult to obtain original material, the authors of the first textbooks were primarily academic historians and the textbooks had a scholarly slant. They were voluminous and filled with facts, and their wording was complicated, which their weak methodical part did not compensate. Here and there the effect of the Soviet era could still be felt in both assessments and the use of terminology. There were also problems with textbook design and their printing quality. Changes in education did not take place overnight. Both Soviet era tradition that had become ingrained over decades as well as innovative ideas could be encountered simultaneously in the transitional period. The problem that the teaching of history faced in the period that has been analysed here was the wording of the focus and objectives of teaching the subject, and the balancing of knowledge of history, skills, values and attitudes in the subject syllabus. First of all, Soviet rhetoric and the viewpoint centring on the Soviet Union were abandoned. The so-called blank gaps in Estonian history were restored in the content of teaching history since it was not possible to study the history of the independent Republic of Estonia during the Soviet era or to gain an overview of deportations and the different regimes that occupied Estonia. Subject content initially occupied a central position, yet numerous principles that have remained topical to this day made their way into the subject syllabus, such as the development of critical thinking in students and other such principles. It is noteworthy that programmes for teaching history changed before the restoration of Estonia’s independence, when society, including education, still operated according to Soviet laws. A great deal of work was done over the course of a couple of years. The subsequent development of the teaching of history has been affected by social processes as well as by the didactic development of the teaching of the subject. The school reform that was implemented in 1987–1989 achieved relative independence from the Soviet Union’s educational institutions, and the opportunity emerged for self-determination on the basis of curricula and the organisation of education.

The list of military equipment needed for forensic experts work when solving the issues of munition accounting and preservation of legislative and regulatory acts which regulate accounting procedure, circulation and write-off of munition, is provided in the article. The list of military equipment which according to its characteristics belongs to military is specified. Ensuring safety of classified information has been highlighted in cases provided by legislation and separate accounting of survival kit military equipment which is intended for use while special cases and peace time in long-term storage in military units, from other military equipment. It is specified that military equipment accounting is conducted both in peacetime and while particular time at facilities of military (ship) administration, services of providing bodies of military management, services of military units and formations, in warehouses, bases, arsenals according to requirements of regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Defence. Peculiarities of accounting inherent in this field are outlined. Results of the forensic expert practice from the Sumy branch of KhRIFE are outlined. Research objects are identified and a range of powers granted to forensic experts while conducting forensic economic examination related to resolving issues regarding documentary confirmation of the established facts of shortage, embezzlement, replacement, unjustified write-off and surplus of military equipment is defined.

Gray & Pape, Inc., of Houston, Texas, under contract with BIO-WEST, Inc., has prepared the following report on cultural resources management activities in Fort Bend County, Texas. The project includes an archaeological survey of a total of approximately 0.93 kilometers (0.58 miles) along Buffalo Bayou between Katy-Flewellen Road and Kingsland Boulevard in Katy, Texas. The archaeological Area of Potential Effects is defined as the maintenance corridor, 30 to 60 meters (98 to 196 feet) long. The goal of this study was to assist Fort Bend County, the Texas Historical Commission, and the lead federal agency in determining whether or not intact cultural resources are present within areas for construction, and if so to provide management recommendations for these resources. All activities described herein were subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and issuance of an Antiquities Permit for Archeology (Permit 9319) applied for by Gray & Pape, Inc. on February 13, 2020, and issued by the Texas Historical Commission. No diagnostic or non-diagnostic artifacts were collected in the course of the current survey. As a project permitted through the Texas Historical Commission; however, Gray & Pape, Inc. submitted project records to the Center of Archaeological Studies at Texas State University. The Natural Resource Conservation Service is the lead federal agency for the project. Fieldwork was conducted between March 12 and March 16, 2020 and required approximately 40person hours to complete. Subsurface testing included a combination of systematic shovel testing and judgement sample auger probing. The site file research revealed two previously recorded archaeological sites (41FB101 and 41FB102) are located within the project area. At the beginning of the survey, an initial attempt was made to relocate previously recorded Sites 41FB101 and 41FB102 through surface inspection and limited shovel testing across the Area of Potential Effects along both sides of Buffalo Bayou. Recent disturbances from mechanical excavation along the channel slopes, the dumping of spoil across the surface of the two-track right-of-way along the bayou, and the active installation of sheet piling were photographed and mapped. Sites 41FB101 and 41FB102 could not be relocated within the Area of Potential Effects during the surface inspection, shovel testing or auger probing. No other historic or prehistoric artifacts or cultural features were identified as a result of this survey. During the initial reconnaissance, Rangia shells (n=8), including whole (closed) specimens and half shell, were observed on the surface in an area recently disturbed by heavy machinery. The shells were located east of Site 41FB101 along the two-track right-of-way and slope of the east bank of Buffalo Bayou. The majority of them were smaller than 3 centimeters (1.2 inches), with one whole specimen measuring approximately 6 centimeters (2.4 inches). Surface and subsurface inspection in the immediate area of these specimens failed to find evidence of associated cultural features or artifacts on the surface or in a buried context. A variety of modern bricks and brick fragments were also observed along the inner slopes of the east bank near the shell scatter. These same materials were later observed among the variety of riprap materials along the west bank of the bayou west of Site 41FB102 near a residential property immediately adjacent to the Area of Potential Effects. No additional cultural materials were observed on the surface with the exception of modern debris including plastics and aluminum cans. Gray & Pape, Inc. is not recommending a site designation for the Rangia shell or brick scatter observed during the survey for the foregoing reasons:1) there were no intact, buried deposits or features found; 2) there was no material that could be positively identified as artifacts; 3) the bricks observed were modern and likely deposited by landowners in attempts to prevent erosion; 4) the size, quantity, and inclusion of whole Rangia identified on the surface appear to be natural occurrences as opposed to the remains of an archaeological deposit or feature; and 5) it is impossible to determine the original location of the shell specimens at this time. Based on the results of this investigation, Sites 41FB101 and 41FB102 do not appear to extend into the existing easement belonging to the Fort Bend County Drainage District. Instead, both sites appear to be located on private property outside of the project Area of Potential Effects. As such, these sites have not been evaluated for National Register eligibility, but Gray & Pape, Inc. recommends that there will be no direct impact to these sites. It is also recommended that because the majority of project impacts will occur within sediments that have been repeatedly impacted by past channelization activities, the potential to identify intact, significant cultural resources is low. Gray & Pape, Inc. recommends the project be allowed to proceed as currently planned. As a protective measure during construction, high-visibility temporary fencing should be installed against the edge of the Area of Potential Effects in the vicinity of the two known sites. No additional cultural resources activities are recommended unless project plans change.

Purpose. To generalize and analyze the data provided by state phytosanitary inspections of the Department of Phytosanitary Safety of the State Veterinary Service of Ukraine on the dynamics of development of the main pests in sugar beet stands in Ukraine in 2019 and to forecast their appearance and possible damage in the current year. Methods. Field, accounting, analytical. Results. In 2020, sugar beet crops may be damaged by beetroot weevil, grey beetroot weevil, beet stalk borer, beet flea, beet leaf miner, beetroot aphids and other pests. According to the results of autumn field monitoring, 57% of beet areas was colonized by beetroot beetle with an average number per 1 m2 of 0.5–1.0 (beetles, pupae) with the maximum number of 2–9 in Volyn, Kyiv, Poltava, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Sumy regions. During the autumn excavations, the beetles in the population were 75%, pupae 20% and larvae 5%. In respect to grey beetroot weevil, it made the greatest damage to sugar beet crops in Kyiv, Poltava, Kharkiv, Sumy, Volyn, Kirovohrad, Khmelnytsk, and other regions, where it colonized 24–100% of stands with an average number of 0.1–0.6 with a maximum of 0.6–1.0. It damaged, on average, 2–6% of stands with the maximum of 7–12%. Autumn monitoring of the pest found a significant number of the pest in all beetroot regions with an average number of 0.5–0.7 with the maximum of 1.0–4.0. In addition, autumn monitoring revealed a significant number of beet stalk borer (average 0.1–0.7, maximum 0.7–1.0 specimens) in farms of Poltava and Cherkasy regions. Beet tortoise beetles were detected on 10–100% of the monitored area with an average number of 0.1–0.4, which is lower than in long-term observations. In the majority of areas, goosefoot tortoise beetles dominated (33–100%). On average, the ratio was 54% of goosefoot and 46% of beet root tortoise beetles. The wintering stock of beet beetle was slightly lower than in the last year and amounted to an average of 14–54, with the maximum in Vinnytsia, Rivne, Khmelnytskyi regions (76–100). Autumn inspections of host plants (red bilberry, snowball tree, jasmine) revealed 12–36, maximum 150 wintering eggs of leaf aphids per 1 meter of a branch. The wintering stock of beet leaf miner was 0.8–1.8, somewhere 2.9 (in Ternopil, Vinnytsia Khmelnytsk regions), which is at the level of the last year’s numbers. Conclusions. The wintering stock of harmful sugar beet insects exceeds the generally accepted economic thresholds for harmfulness. The timely prognosis of the development and reproduction of sugar beet pests and the application of a complex of organizational, economic, biological and chemical measures to control their numbers will create conditions for the preservation of root harvest, improving root quality and reduce unreasonable pollution of the environment with chemicals.