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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prescriptions'
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Champion, Nathalie. "Prescriptions médicamenteuses : enquête sur les variations des prescriptions après une hospitalisation." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P076.
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Ramirez, Enrique. "Opioid Prescribing Practices Following Pediatric Dental Procedures in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593441575248724.
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Gaillard, Jean-Luc. "Les prescriptions en parodontologie." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20016.
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Clar, Nathalie. "Les évolutions de la prescription industrieuse : Quelle universalité ? Quelles diversifications ? Quel retravail des prescriptions ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3018/document.
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Le thème de cette thèse est la prescription industrieuse. Les évolutions de la « prescription » révèlent une tension entre une double articulation : construite dans les formes successives d'organisations de la vie sociale, elle est cependant constamment traversée par le fait que c'est le destin de l'humanité d'être toujours en proie à des débats de normes. Si le travail renvoie fondamentalement à l'activité créatrice et technicienne immémoriale sans laquelle nous ne serions pas qui nous sommes, la thèse fait l'hypothèse que l'on n'a pas tiré tous les bénéfices pour les usages sociaux et scientifiques de la découverte d'un travail réel. Une première partie pose les jalons théoriques de la thèse anthropologique selon laquelle l'activité humaine est toujours « débat de normes » et la situe dans une histoire récente. La deuxième partie propose deux détours, l'un portant sur le rapport entre machine et organisme, l'autre, paléontologique situant une spécificité de la technique humaine dans la taille de roches dures. Une troisième partie retrace à travers quelques tableaux historiques choisis des éléments d'évolution de la prescription industrieuse. Une dernière partie propose un exemple de retravail des prescriptions à partir de l'expérience d'un groupe de rencontre du travail consacré à l'activité des infirmiers de secteur psychiatrique. L'ensemble est une réflexion philosophique et épistémologique sur la prescription industrieuse centrée sur une approche anthropologique de l'activité industrieuse humaineThis thesis deals about work instruction. The evolution of “work instruction” reveals a tension between a double anticipation: built on the successive forms of social organisations, it is constantly traversed by the fact that humanity's destiny is always in the grip of debates of norms. If work refers fundamentally to the immemorial creative and technical activity without which we would not be who we are, this thesis makes the hypothesis that we have not taken all advantages from the discovery of real work regarding its social and scientific use. First, we will expose the anthropologic theory showing that human activity is always a debate of norms and located in a recent history. Next, we will propose two detours, one on the relation between machine and organism, the second on palaeontology, situating the specificity of human technique in shaping hard rock. Then, we will tell a few selected stories of elements of the evolution of work instruction. Finally, we will propose an example of adapting work instructions from the point of view of a working group of nurses in the psychiatric sector. On the whole, it is a philosophical and epistemic thought on work instruction focusing at an anthropological approach of human industrious activity
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Penneman, Caren, Kyle Voepel, and Kevin Boesen. "Unclaimed Prescriptions in a Retail Pharmacy Setting: Which Prescriptions Are Not Being Picked Up?" The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614593.
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Class of 2011 AbstractOBJECTIVES: To quantify and explore the trends of medications which are left unclaimed in community pharmacies. METHODS: Walgreens’ pharmacies have a process that prints off a list of all prescriptions that are left unclaimed for a period of 10 days. The paperwork accounting for the medications unclaimed between the dates of September 1, 2010 through September 30, 2010 were analyzed from two Tucson Walgreens’ pharmacies. Medications were grouped into one of fifteen categories (i.e. anti-lipids, anti-hypertensives, etc) and once data collection was completed total number of prescriptions for each category was determined. Data was then compared between the two pharmacies. RESULTS: A total of 907 prescriptions were accounted for during the 30-day period with anti-psychotics and anti-hypertensive medications being the most common prescriptions left unclaimed in both pharmacies. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists need to make a large effort to stress patient compliance on all medications, with even greater emphasis on those medications that tend to be left unclaimed more often than others.
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Rona, Véronique. "Prescriptions d'antiémétiques en oncologie pédiatrique." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P150.
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Percevaux, René. "Les prescriptions en matiere fiscale." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010306.
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Description des differents delais de prescription applicables en matiere fiscale. Analyse du mode de computation de ces delais regles de presemption regissant les penalites etude des causes d'allongement ou de reduction des delais de prescrition : interruption, suspension, prorogation en cas d'agissements frauduleux, amnistie fiscale, intervention d'une decision du juge ou de l'administration, prohibition du renouvellement des verifications, interdiction de proceder a un rehaussement lorsque la cause de celui-ci repose sur une interpretation differente de celle precedemment admise formellement par l'administration. Entree en vigueur de dispositions ayant pour objet d'instituer de nouvelles regles en matiere de prescription effets des prescriptions fiscales.
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Fuller, Molly. "Gender Role Prescriptions and Apologies." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1512503273561072.
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Percevaux, René. "Les Prescriptions en matière fiscale." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600325j.
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Geneste-Plassart, Chloé Kimakhe Saïd. "Les prescriptions d'antibiotiques en odontologie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=40461.
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ALBERTI, ANTONIO. "FEASIBILITY CONSTRAINTS AND POLITICAL PRESCRIPTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/367010.
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Abstract
In my research I analysed the feasibility requirements of normative political theories. Here my attempt is to answer to the question: which facts affect the feasibility of normative political prescriptions?
I structured the thesis in five chapters.
In the first chapter, I will provide a normative argument in order to hold that normative political prescriptions should respect a feasibility requirement. I will maintain that normative political prescriptions can imply legal rules, and legal rules are coercible. I will assume that it would be morally unacceptable to sanction people who do not act in accordance with a (set of) prescription(s) if it was impossible for those people to act in accordance with that (set of) prescription(s). Consequently, I will conclude that normative political prescriptions should adhere to a certain specification of the maxim ‘ought implies can’ (‘OIC’). In particular, this means that normative political prescriptions does exist in a hypothetical set of ‘all normative political prescriptions’ only if people can satisfy it. I will argue that the term ‘can’ could assume two meanings: ‘can as being possible’ and ‘can as being able to’. I will conclude this chapter by claiming that: prescriptions are feasible or not whether or not it is possible for human beings to act in accordance with a prescribed (of forbidden) course of action; prescriptions are more or less feasible depending on how much that human beings are able to act in accordance with a prescribed (or forbidden) course of action.
In the second chapter, I will mainly review the state of art concerning the analysis of feasibility and I will criticize it in some regards. Here, I will introduce terms and commons standpoints found in the literature about the feasibility of normative theories. Then, I will pay attention to the list of facts that are usually considered to be feasibility constraints. Feasibility constraints will be distinguished between hard feasibility constraints (logic rules, physical and biological laws) and soft feasibility constraints (mainly: state of technology, institutions, economy, culture, human beings’ features). I will show that the selection of soft constraints is a relevant problem for the analysis of feasibility. Hence, we should distinguish between simple facts and facts that are soft feasibility constraints. In order to draw this distinction, I will suggest that it is necessary to find out an adequate formal criterion for the selection of soft feasibility constraints.
In the following two chapters, I will propose two different kinds of criteria for the selection of soft constraints, namely normative and practical criteria. These criteria propose different ways to distinguish facts affecting the feasibility of prescriptions from simple facts.
In the third chapter, I will propose two normative criteria different kinds of criteria for the selection of soft constraints. The hypothesis behind normative criteria is that: ‘all and only normatively (or morally) valuable facts should be considered soft constraints’. I will criticize normative criteria for the selection of soft constraints for two reasons. First, these criteria are sensitive to controversial implications that do not fit with my definition of feasibility and with the common sense definition of ‘feasible as capable of being successfully used’. Second, I will argue that they lead to viciously circular arguments for the selection of soft feasibility constraints and that, for this reason, we should not accept them. Therefore, I will conclude that normative criteria are not adequate to select soft feasibility constraints
In the fourth chapter, I will consider a practical criterion for the selection of soft constraints. This criterion selects soft constraints paying attention to the influence that certain facts have on the success of certain prescriptions. Although it needs some refinements, I will show that this criterion is consistent with the commonly accepted definition of feasibility and with my own definition of feasibility. Therefore, I will consider it adequate to select feasibility constraints. Thanks to this criterion, I will criticize one of the main tenets of the literature about feasibility. That is to say, I will conclude that institutional facts, cultural facts and economic facts should not be considered feasibility constraints since they are not independent from what people want. Hence, I will show that these social facts, which are usually and incontestably considered soft constraints, do not matter for the feasibility of normative political prescriptions.
In the last chapter I will propose an answer to the research question. I will hold that facts constraining the feasibility of normative political prescriptions are: first (hard constraints), logic rules, physical laws, biological laws and any other fact undermining the feasibility of a prescription in any place of the world at any time; second (soft constraints), others’ motivations, lacking material resources and human needs.
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Berthe-Aucejo, Aurore. "Pharmacie clinique en pédiatrie : prescriptions inappropriées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5248.
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Le contexte de la prescription médicamenteuse chez l’enfant est complexe : évolution physiologique et métabolique, prescription hors et sans AMM, formes galéniques non adaptées. Les enfants sont exposés à un risque iatrogène plus important que l’adulte. Un outil de détection des prescriptions inappropriées (POPI : Pédiatrie - Omissions et Prescriptions Inappropriées) a été développé en pédiatrie. Nous avons évalué rétrospectivement la prévalence des prescriptions inappropriées (PI) en ville et à l’hôpital. Le taux de prévalence des PI et des omissions de prescriptions (OP) étaient respectivement de 2,9% et 2,3% aux urgences pédiatriques et 12,3% et 6,1% en ville. L’étude de reproductibilité a permis de constater un excellent accord inter-juge entre les médecins dans la détection des PI et entre les pharmaciens dans la détection des OP. Les PI et les OP avaient une bonne concordance entre les différents professionnels de santé. Enfin, nous avons pu adapter notre outil pour une utilisation internationale en utilisant une méthode Delphi. Sur les 105 critères évalués, 80 critères ont obtenu plus de 75% d’accord après le premier tour, 16 items ont été modifiés et 25 ont été supprimés. L’outil POPI international final est composé de 73 items de PI et d’OP. Les principales raisons de modification ou de suppression étaient des différences entre les recommandations des différents pays et l’indisponibilité du médicament. Ces différents travaux ont permis d’évaluer la prévalence des PI en pédiatrie, de montrer que l’outil est utilisable par différents professionnels. La facilité d’utilisation de l’outil a été approuvée par la majorité des utilisateurs qui étaient prêts à l’utiliser dans leur pratique quotidienne. L’outil doit donc permettre d’aider les professionnels de santé à détecter les PI/OP et d’améliorer la prise en charge médicamenteuse des enfantsThe context of drug prescription in children is complex : physiological evolution and metabolic changes, off-label prescription, unsuitable dosage forms. Children are at greater iatrogenic risk than adults. A tool for detecting inappropriate prescriptions in paediatrics (POPI : Paediatric - Omission Prescriptions and Inappropriate prescriptions) has been developed. We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of inappropriate prescriptions (IP) in community setting and in hospital. The prevalence of IP and omitted prescriptions (OP) were respectively 2.9% and 2.3% in emergency department and 12.3% and 6.1% in community setting. The reproducibility study showed excellent inter-judge agreement between doctors in the detection of IP and between pharmacists in the detection of OP. The IP and OP had a good agreement between the different healthcare professionals. Finally, we proposed an adaptation of our tool for use in worldwide. Of the 105 criteria evaluated, 80 criteria obtained more than 75% agreement after the first round, 16 items were modified and 25 were deleted. The final international POPI tool is composed of 73 IP and OP. The main reasons for modification or deletion were differences between the recommendations of the different countries and the unavailability of the drug. This work has allowed us to assess the prevalence of IP in paediatrics and to show that the tool is usable by different professionals. The ease of use of the tool was approved by the majority of users and they were ready to use it in their daily practice. This tool can help healthcare professionals to detect IP/OP and improve the medication management of children
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Симоненко, Наталія Олександрівна, Наталия Александровна Симоненко, and Nataliia Oleksandrivna Symonenko. "The origins of using "RX" for prescriptions." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40004.
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Historically, prescriptions were written in Latin and are still written that way now though there are no global standard for them and every country has its own regulations. No one speaks this language now considering it to be "dead" and yet many physicians insist on writing prescriptions in Latin. The word "prescription" comes from the Latin word "praesriptum". Prefix "prae" means "before" and root "script" has the meaning "writing or written". Latin is a universal language so may be used as means of international communication. A prescription properly written in Latin may be interpreted by a trained pharmacist in any country regardless of the nationality of the prescriber. But for the average person, who has no medical background, the prescription abbreviations need to be explained.
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Miton, F. "Releve informatise des prescriptions a visee diagnostique." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE6544.
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Nunes, Isabel Ferreira. "Multilevel role prescriptions Portugal, NATO and the CFSP /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57126.
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Torchetti, Paolo. "Perceptive legitimacy : the NPT and it behavioural prescriptions." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31145.
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Truths are illusions about which one has forgotten that this is what they are. - NietzscheOn March 5th 1970, a long process of international negotiation and power brokering culminated into the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty. As a result the 121 signatory states were legally subject to the norms, values, principles, and behavioural prescriptions of the nuclear proliferation regime. Twenty-nine years after the treaty's entrenchment, however, the nuclear proliferation regime and its enforcement agencies still face many of the same challenges that have plagued its implementation since its conception. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the causal relationship between the perception of the political legitimacy among the signatory members of the NPT, the likelihood of adherence to these behavioural prescriptions and to provide a framework to understand what would make for a legitimate treaty in the eyes of its members. This analysis will reveal that signatory members of the NPT who perceive the treaty as illegitimate are more likely to either defect or disobey the obligations of the treaty than those signatory members who perceive the NPT to be legitimate. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Murdock, Jennifer. "An Evaluation of the Accuracy of PowerPoint Prescriptions." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/784.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Organizational Communication
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Johnson, Ian Thomas. "Organisation change prescriptions as placebo and side effect." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275141.
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Mathieu, Anne. "Prescriptions magiques anglaises du Xe au XIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040124.
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L'introduction generale definit l'expression "prescription magique" et presente le corpus etudie : les prescriptions magiques vieil-anglaises des dixieme au douzieme siecles qui contiennent des formules magiques, soit un total de cent douze textes, contenus dans vingt-et-un manuscrits differents. La section "textes et traductions" donne les transcriptions, assorties d'un apparat critique, et les traductions correspondantes, accompagnees de commentaires philologiques. L'analyse structurale qui suit se divise en trois parties. La premiere est consacree a l'"adjuration", priere ou ordre que le "magicien" adresse a d'autres participants a l'acte magique, et qui peut se presenter sous diverses formes : l'"invocation", qui sollicite une puissance superieure alliee, l'"evocation", adressee a une entite naturelle alliee, la "conjuration", qui vise une puissance ennemie. Suit une etude des "exhortations", "formules de protection", "formules de guerison", et "benedictions", qui s'adressent toutes au beneficiaire de la prescription ou a la partie de son corps ou de ses biens atteinte par le mal. La deuxieme partie traite de la "referenciation" (lorsque le texte fait "reference" a un evenement passe). Deux types de referenciation sotn distingues : "comparaisons chretiennes" et "representations mythiques d'inspiration paienne". La troisieme et derniere partie est reservee a l'etude de l'"incantation", qui utilise un langage distinct du langage ordinaire. Apres un decryptage des incantations sont explores les mecanismes qui ont abouti a leur formation, ainsi que la specificite et la fonction de l'incantation. La conclusion propose une synthese des resultats obtenus et suggere de rattacher les prescriptions magiques vieil-anglaises a un "genre magique", caracterise par une structure specifique et par un degre eleve d'elaboratioin. Suivent enfin une concordance des editions, une bibliographie, quatre indices (termes vieil-anglais, vegetaux, res notabiles, prescriptiosn citees), et dix-neuf planchesThe overall introduction defines "magical prescriptions" and presents the corpus under study : the old english magical prescriptions from the tenth to the twelfth century containing magical formulas. One hundred and twelve texts have been gathered, originating from twenty-one manuscripts. The "texts and translations" section gives the transcriptions with editorial notes and the corresponding translations with philological comments. The structural study which follows falls into three parts. The first deals with "adjuration", a prayer or an order uttered by the magician which can take on various forms : "invocation" appeals to a superior power and "evocation" to a benevolent natural entity ; "conjuration" is levelled at an evil power ; "exhortations", "protection formulas", "curing furmulas" and "benedictions" are aimed either at the beneficiary of the prescription or at the affected part of his body or of his property. The second part is concerned with "referenciation" (when the text refers to a past event). Two types of referenciation are distinguished, "christian comparisons" and "pagan mythical representations". The third and last part is devoted to "incantation", which uses a specific magical language. After an attempt at deciphering the incantations. The study explores the mechanisms which have led to their formation, as well as their specificity and function. The conclusion synthetizes the results obtained and suggests connecting the magical prescriptions with a "magical genre", characterized by a specific structure and a high degree of elaboration. Then follow a concordance of editions, a bibliography, four indexes (old english terms, plants, res notabiles, prescriptions quoted) and nineteen plates
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Stocking, Galen Asher Thomas. "The threat of cyberterrorism: Contemporary consequences and prescriptions." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2590.
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This study researches the varying threats that emanate from terrorists who carry their activity into the online arena. It examines several elements of this threat, including virtual to virtual attacks and threats to critical infrastructure that can be traced to online sources. It then reports on the methods that terrorists employ in using information technology such as the internet for propaganda and other communication purposes. It discusses how the United States government has responded to these problems, and concludes with recommendations for best practices.
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Haller, Hélène. "Concevoir des bâtiments performants : prescriptions publiques, coordination, apprentissage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH008/document.
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Dans le contexte de développement durable et de transition énergétique, le secteur du bâtiment représente en France une véritable mine pour mettre en œuvre les ambitions de maîtrise de la demande en énergie. Réglementations nationales et locales ont été progressivement et substantiellement modifiées, et le processus de conception des bâtiments a dû évoluer pour les respecter. La conception a ainsi été questionnée par d'ambitieuses prescriptions visant la performance énergétique.Nous nous interrogeons sur les réajustements opérés par les concepteurs de bâtiments suite à cette série de prescriptions. Nous montrons que les prescriptions énergétiques des collectivités locales passent en majeure partie par des outils relevant de l'urbanisme opérationnel. De plus, après une période d'apprentissage en raison d'une nouvelle définition de la performance énergétique, le secteur de la conception se caractérise par une certaine stabilité, caractérisée par le retour de routines, la recherche de conventions partagées entre la maîtrise d'ouvrage et la maîtrise d’œuvre et le maintien d'un désintérêt tacite pour la prise en compte des usages. Nous étudions alors comme une innovation (la performance énergétique globale) s'est développée pour être ensuite intégrée au régime de la construction.Nous mobilisons la sociologie pragmatique, et plus particulièrement le courant des économies de la grandeur développé par L. Boltanski et L. Thévenot, ainsi que les travaux du courant conventionnaliste pour analyser trois opérations immobilières en logement collectif, de taille variée mais caractérisées par la recherche de la performance énergétique : la Tour Elithis Danube (Strasbourg, 67), l'éco-quartier des Passerelles (Cran-Gevrier, 74) et Les Jardins de Mûres (Mûres, 74)In a context of sustainable development and energy transition, the French building sector represents a lever to carry out and achieve energy demand management ambitions. National and local rules regarding construction were progressively and substantially modified, and the building design process had to evolve to abide by these rules. Building design has been called into question by requirements aimed at energy performance.We question the readjustments implemented by building designers to follow these requirements. We show that local authorities mostly use operational urban planning to carry their energy requirements. Besides, after a learning period due to the implementation of a new definition of energy performance, the building sector has known stabilisation, characterized by the return of routines and the seek for shared conventions between the project owner and the project manager team. We study how an innovation (the global energy performance) developped and has been adopted by the socio-technical regime of construction.We mobilize the pragmatic sociology; particularly the French branch of sociological economy developed by L. Boltanski and L. Thévenot, and also researches on conventionalism, in order to study three estate operations. These operations belong to multi-unit housing, are of various sizes and are all characterized by a search of energy performance. They are located in different places: in the city of Strasbourg (Alsace) and in the area of Haute-Savoie
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Farhang, Sonbol. "Audit des prescriptions de vitrimix à l'hôpital Cochin." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P229.
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Johnson, Earl E. "The Application of Speech Intelligibility and Loudness Modeling to the Development of Hearing Aid Prescriptions and the Comparative Study of Prescriptions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1732.
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Månsson, Ann. "A tailored skills training programme for professionals in primary health care to increase prescriptions of physical activity on prescription, FaR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155614.
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ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and study the effects of a tailored behavioural skills intervention on the amount of FaR® prescribed, and to describe self-efficacy over time for prescribing FaR® in participants from primary health care units. Method: A quasi-experimental single-case design with multiple–baseline across time and settings was used. Each baseline had an ABC design, baseline (A), intervention (B) and post-intervention (C). The intervention was introduced across two different PHCUs at different times. It was seven participants included. Primary outcome measurements were repeatedly collected for participants in settings. The method was based on behavioural medicine principles. Key concepts from SCT theory was used in the intervention. Result: The result seemed to demonstrate an effect on the prescribing behaviour in terms of a slightly increased amount of prescribed FaR® during the intervention phase, even though not for all participants. It was no or short latency for the changed behaviour during intervention. Adopted behaviour was not maintained in the post-intervention phase. Self-efficacy for prescribing FaR® varied. The variation of overall self-efficacy between baseline and post-intervention was from -10% to 81%. Conclusion: This study indicated that a tailored skills training programme might have the potential to change the prescribing behaviour among professionals in primary health care. An intervention lasting for eleven weeks seemed not enough to maintain the achieved performance. No conclusion could be done on self-efficacy. Keywords: Quasi-experimental single-case design, physical activity on prescription FaR®, behavioural medicine, implementation, primary care.
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Elstein, Daniel Yuri. "Prescriptions and universalizability : a defence of Harean ethical theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/261008.
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R.M. Hare had an ambitious scheme of providing a unified account of meta-ethics and normative ethics by combining expressivism with Kantianism and utilitarianism. The project of this thesis is to defend Hare’s theory in its most ambitious form. This means not just showing how the expressivist, Kantian and utilitarian elements are consistent, or that the three are each correct, but also that they are interdependent. The only defensible form of expressivism is Kantian; the only defensible Kantian theory is both expressivist and utilitarian; the only defensible utilitarianism is Kantian. The thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 aims to show how expressivism can provide a coherent account of moral judgement and discourse. The argument for expressivism draws on Hare’s thought that the main error of moral realism is to think of moral objectivity as requiring objects, moral properties which are really there in the world. It is shown, using an argument based on the Euthyphro and the Open Question Argument that realism is untenable because it makes this mistake, and this clears the path to expressivism. Chapter 2 is a full account of the issues surrounding the Frege-Geach problem (often pressed against Hare), showing how it can be solved and how exactly the expressivist’s embrace of minimalism about truth interacts with the solution to the Frege-Geach Problem. I include an explanation of how the expressivist is able to solve the most threatening version of the problem: Schroeder’s discussion of negation. Chapter 3 argues for the connection between expressivism and Kantianism. The argument (roughly following Korsgaard) is that Humean versions of expressivism run into a sceptical challenge of normative regress. Kant employed a transcendental argument to resolve this regress, deriving his Formula of Universal Law from the Categorical Imperative. This argument defended with expressivism playing a crucial role. This chapter thus explains how Hare is entitled to universalizability in a way that avoids the shmoralising objection: it is not justified merely by being derived from our moral concepts but rather from our inescapable nature as agents. Chapter 4 illuminates the other connection, between Kantianism and utilitarianism. The largest part of the chapter is spent defending Hare’s argument from universalizability to utilitarianism. Doing so shows how Hare’s utilitarianism depends on his Kantianism, and so also how it indirectly depends on his utilitarianism. I then go on to defend Hare’s distinctive two-level version of utilitarianism, especially against the objections of Bernard Williams. It is also argued that various difficulties for utilitarianism – utility monsters, interpersonal comparison, Korsgaard’s objections – can be met by a form of utilitarianism like Hare’s, which is Kantian, and thus that such a form of utilitarianism is indeed the most defensible.
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Buyssechaert, Anne. "Vie chrétienne et handicap : prescriptions canoniques et orientations pastorales." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK022/document.
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Comme le droit international et le droit de bon nombre de pays, le droit canonique n’ignore pas les personnes handicapées. Il garantit dans une certaine mesure leurs droits et devoirs concernant l’accès à la Parole de Dieu et la participation à la vie de l’Église. Cela se traduit, notamment, dans les normes concernant l’accès aux sacrements de l’initiation et de guérison. La pratique pastorale applique le droit et le nourrit. Elle s’appuie sur la Bible, notamment sur l’attitude du Christ. Elle puise aussi dans la réflexion théologique sur le handicap, qui se développe depuis quelques décennies, et collabore avec des mouvements et associations qui rassemblent des personnes handicapées et leurs proches. Des évêques de différents pays donnent parfois des orientations pastorales visant à favoriser toujours plus la place des personnes handicapées dans l’Église et la réalisation pleine et entière de leur vocation baptismale. Il en va de l’identité de l’Église. Au-delà de l’aspect purement juridique de non-discrimination, l’Église n’est réellement Corps du Christ que lorsque tout fidèle handicapé y tient véritablement un rôle à la mesure de ses capacitésAlong with international law and the law of many countries, canon law does not ignore people with disabilities. It guarantees a certain extent their rights and duties regarding access to the Word of God and participation in the life of the Church. This is reflected in particular in legal rules for access to the sacraments of initiation and healing. Pastoral practice applies the law and feeds it. It is based on the Bible, especially on the attitude of Christ. It also draws on theological reflection on disability, which develops in recent decades, and collaborates with movements and associations which bring together people with disabilities and their close relations. Bishops from different countries sometimes give pastoral guidelines to foster always more the participation of people with disabilities in the Church, and the full realization of their baptismal vocation. The identity of the Church is at stake. Beyond the purely legal aspect of non-discrimination, the Church is really the body of Christ only when every faithful with disability really holds a role commensurate with its capabilities
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Jones, Justin Rodgers. "Improving Early Season Sidedress Nitrogen Rate Prescriptions for Corn." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22052.
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Corn requires the most nitrogen (N) of cereal grain crops and N supply is correlated with grain yield. Canopy reflectance has been used to assess crop N needs and to derive optimum application rates in mid-season corn. Canopy reflectance has not been useful for N rate determination in early season corn because of low biomass and the sensing background can interfere, or overwhelm crop canopy reflectance measures. Widespread adoption of canopy reflectance as a basis for generating in-season corn N rates would be more likely if N rate recommendations could be made early, i.e. by the V6 growth stage. The objectives of this research were to: i) examine the influence of soil color, soil moisture, surface crop residues, and sensor orientation on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings from corn from planting through the V6 growth stage; and ii) evaluate the effect of sensor orientation and field of view at early corn growth stages on the relationship between NDVI and corn biomass, N uptake, and chlorophyll meter readings. Soil color, soil moisture, crop residue type, and sensor orientation influenced reflectance and these factors were much more influential when sensing plants with low biomass. Canopy reflectance was capable of differentiating between N rates in the field and altering sensor orientation did not minimize sensing background influence or improve the ability of the sensor to distinguish plant N status. Even when canopy reflectance detected differences in crop N status, N rate prescription based on NDVI was consistently below the profitable estimated sidedress N rate.Master of Science
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Liu, Jun Hui. "Conception d'un système informatisé d'analyse rétrospective des prescriptions médicamenteuses." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05CD02.
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Les prescriptions médicamenteuses faites par des médecins sont souvent reconnues inadéquates. L' information rétrospective peut aider les prescripteurs à améliorer la qualité de la prescription. L'utilisation de systèmes informatisés dans la prescription médicamenteuse rend possible le retour de l'information sur les prescriptions faites pendant une période donnée. Notre étude décrit la conception d'un système informatisé qui effectue une analyse rétrospective des prescriptions médicamenteuses pour un prescripteur ou pour un organisme de contrôle. L'analyse est basée sur deux groupes d'indicateurs quantitatifs, simples et composites. Les conditions nécessaires au calcul automatique de ces indicateurs sont définies. Elles concernent les systèmes de codage utilisés pour la prescription médicamenteuse, les connaissances sur les médicaments et les données de patient. La conception du système est basée sur la modélisation UML. Nous décrivons aussi les principales fonctions du système illustrées par des écrans et discutons à la fin la validsation de l'approche, l'acceptabilité du système, des problèmes résiduels et des extension possible et perspectives.
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Schwar, Jake, and Kim Miller. "Analysis of Interventions Performed on Electronic Versus Traditional Prescriptions." The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623895.
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Class of 2010 AbstractOBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the use of electronic-prescriptions reduces the amount of interventions being performed by pharmacists in a retail community setting. METHODS: Investigators directly observed local community pharmacist for a period of 3 weeks, during the working hours of 9am to 6pm. Information recorded with each intervention was the type of prescription, drug in question, reasons for intervention, final outcome, and time spent performing intervention. RESULTS: After 3 weeks of direct observation a total of 21 interventions were performed on electronic-prescriptions versus 154 interventions on other types of prescriptions (handwritten, faxed, verbal). The percentage of prescriptions that needed interventions was 11.7% of electronic-prescriptions versus 10.3% of all other types (p = 0.565). CONCLUSIONS: In this limited study, the rate of interventions appears to be similar between electronic-prescriptions and other types of prescriptions as a whole.
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Camacho-Walsh, Mercedes. "Evidence-Based Practice| Reducing Unnecessary Antibiotic Prescriptions for Pediatric Pharyngitis." Thesis, Saint Peter's University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10742646.
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The purpose of this project was to decrease of the rate of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for pharyngitis by implementing an evidence-based training session for physicians in an outpatient pediatric setting. The PICOT question explored was, "For health providers treating children aged 4–15 presenting with sore throat, will the use of a power point training session presenting the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) with reflexive culture, combined with the ICE (ideas, concern and expectations) method, improve knowledge and reduce antibiotic prescribing compared to RADT alone in a 20 day period?"
The provider study group consisted of four pediatricians and one family practice physician ranging from 32–72 years old. Their pre-test (34.63%) and post-test (53.75%) knowledge scores were significantly different ( t = –2.3822, df = 6, p < 0.05). A total of 125 cases were sampled, 64 pre-intervention and 61 post-intervention. Pearson’s Chi Square analysis revealed homogeneity between both the groups in age (X2 = 0.94, df = 1, p = 0.33), gender (X2 = 0.64, df = 1, p = 0.42), and ethnicity (X2 = 1.29, df = 2, p = 0.53) and a decrease in overall antibiotic prescribing rates from 40.6% (n = 26) to 27.9% (n = 17). Although this was not a significant statistical reduction (p = .13), further analysis using a binomial test revealed statistically different rates of success in the accuracy of diagnosis and associated antibiotic prescribing pre-intervention (79.7%) compared to 96.7% post-intervention (p = .00; 95% CI [88.7, 99.6]). Unnecessary antibiotic exposure was reduced by 17.2%.
The most common ICE elements were thought of possible strep infection (39), viral or other infection (26), concern for pain (24), infecting other family members (14), fever (14), expectation to get better (32), test for strep (18), and pain relief (9). Only 2 of the 5 cases in the post-intervention group (n = 61) who expressed desire for antibiotics received them.
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Murphy, Niamh M. "Exercise prescriptions for fitness and bone health in elderly women." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301027.
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Bailey, Charlotte. "Desegregating California’s Prisons: When Legal Prescriptions Collide with Institutional Realities." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1442.
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Over the last fifty years, California has become one of the largest jailers in the world, incarcerating nearly 128,000 men and women on a $10.5 billion budget. The prison population has rapidly risen over this period, resulting in overly crowded, chaotic prisons and jails that became increasingly difficult to manage. As correctional officers and officials lost control over the prison social order, inmates looked to themselves and created a new set of social norms through race-based gangs. What began with the formation of the Mexican Mafia in 1957 now dictates prison social life, where racially segregated cells, cafeterias, yards, and gyms are the new norm. In an attempt to manage this new social structure, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation unofficially employed the use of racial segregation during the intake process for prison housing. The practice was challenged and eventually overruled in the 2005 Supreme Court decision Johnson v. California, but the State continues to struggle with compliance on multiple fronts.
This thesis examines the history and development of race-based gangs in California in an attempt to understand how to manage the racially segregated world of prisons today. It finds that tensions between the courts, the State, and the inmates are ultimately perpetuated by the continuance of racially segregation policies, and it will ultimately take the political will of Department officials to eliminate race-based gangs and enact cultural change.
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Gauthier, Philippe. "Normaliser l'usage : design industriel, prescriptions sécuritaires et pratiques des automobilistes." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0086.
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Cette thèse traite des pratiques des automobilistes et des modalités par lesquelles leur normalisation est recherchée par les acteurs de la prévention des risques. Les problèmes de sécurité routière y sont examinés au regard de leurs dimensions morales. La gamme des biens envers lesquels les usages des routes sont engagés est mise en parallèle avec le traitement fonctionnel que l'ensemble des prescriptions sécuritaires, et notamment les programmes de formation, réserve aux difficultés rencontrées par les automobilistes. L'examen des biens en jeu dans les usages permet de faire ressortir les modalités par lesquelles les êtres engagés dans les situations s'alignent de façon non problématique, mais également non fonctionnelle. Ce travail sur la normativité des usages se termine par un examen des enjeux qui recèle pour le design industriel, où l'on tente de problématiser les rapports entre, d'un côté, les usagers et leurs pratiques, et, de l'autre, les objets fonctionnels et normalisésThis thesis is about driver's practice and the ways by which all the actors commited to the implementation of safety policies, seek to normalise them. The road safety problems are looked at through their moral dimensions. The many goods toward which road uses are engaged are compare with the functional formulation that is given to road users difficulties by every safety prescription, and notably those that make the core of drivers education programs. The inquiry into the goods at stake in those everyday uses lets us underline the ways by which the beings engaged in the situations succeed in aligning themselves unproblematicly, although dysfunctionaly. This research on the normativity of uses ends with an analysis of the issues it raises for industrial design where the relation between , on the one hand, users and their practices and, on the other, functional objects, is one of the central theme of research
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Smock, Carissa Ruby. "Provider Acceptance, Training, and Utilization of Place-Based Exercise Prescriptions." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492008967709141.
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Guessous-Benihoud, Sophia. "Evaluation des prescriptions des glycopeptides sur le site hospitalier Pellegrin." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P020.
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Ansley, Laura M. "The Changing Girl: Sex Education and Prescriptions of White Girlhood." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626694.
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Donovan, Stuart. "A study to investigate if there is a potential link between the prescription of antidepressant drugs and the occurance of deliberate self harm." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285772.
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Gray, Jane Bernadette. "Descriptions and prescriptions : healthcare professionals consider care for people with Parkinson's." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27433.
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Healthcare professionals are at the frontline intersection of the nation’s healthcare system and the healthcare of people with Parkinson’s. With increasing numbers of people with Parkinson’s, and finite healthcare dollars, what are the work experiences of care of healthcare professionals working with people with Parkinson’s? In this participatory inquiry, narratives of work experiences of care of six healthcare professionals of people with Parkinson’s were elicited. The healthcare professionals included a general practitioner, a Parkinson’s specialist neurologist, a gastroenterologist, a nurse, a social worker, and a physiotherapist. The objective of the inquiry was to describe and understand the work experiences of these healthcare professionals through their descriptions of work experiences of care and their prescriptions for ideal work experiences of care. The interviews with the healthcare professionals were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed. The theoretical framing of the empirical material outlined medicalization and medical frameworks, a ‘whole person’ approach, and theories of care. Three overlapping primary themes emerged from the interviews which were verified by both the literature review and personal reflections. Firstly, Parkinson’s is a difficult, complex and multifaceted disorder; secondly, due to the complexity of this disorder, a multidisciplinary team approach by healthcare professionals is needed; and thirdly, more funding or a change in organization of funding, is needed in order to support this model of healthcare. In describing multidisciplinary care, these healthcare professionals questioned the current funding approach of the healthcare system. This was a noteworthy finding of this inquiry. Metaphors for present and ideal work experiences of care as given by the healthcare professionals worked to bridge the stated quantitative present healthcare situation of increasing numbers of people with Parkinson’s and finite healthcare dollars, and the qualitative descriptions of present and ideal work experiences of care of healthcare professionals of people with Parkinson’s. Implications for further inquiry included determining effectiveness and costs of multidisciplinary care for people with Parkinson’s, and investigating models of care for people with Parkinson’s as suggested by the healthcare professionals in the inquiry.
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Cantelmo, Robert G. "Hegemonic ambition| Offensive Realist Prescriptions for Regional Hegemons in External Regio." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10002419.
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At the conclusion of the Cold War, many hoped the international system had finally escaped the harsh realities of geopolitics. Despite optimism about the emergence of an American-led unipolar system, some structural realists believed the abatement of geopolitics was a temporary phenomenon: a brief respite before a return to great power conflict. This gloomy worldview gave rise to the sub-school of offensive realism, which theorizes that states pursue relative power maximization to ensure survival and, ideally, regional hegemony. A relatively young school, offensive realism has primarily focused on the paths states take to pursue bids for regional hegemony. This study seeks to fill some of the gaps that exist in how great powers, having achieved regional hegemony, behave abroad. Support for this research is drawn from a review of existing literature on offensive realism and a case study on U.S. behavior following 1898.
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Cahill, Kerri Lynn. "Exploring the Structure and Development of Management Prescriptions for Public Lands." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11055.
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Management prescriptions that describe desired conditions for resources and visitor experiences have become widely accepted as an important component of public land management plans. However, very little effort is spent on evaluating and learning about this part of the planning process.
This research identifies and addresses the need to explore opportunities for additional guidance on the development of management prescriptions, by (1) evaluating the current perception of the purpose of management prescriptions; (2) developing criteria and other tools to guide the development of management prescriptions based on the experiences of public land management professionals; and (3) testing an alternative method for collecting visitor preference data regarding social, resource and management conditions to inform development of management prescriptions.
The first two papers report the results of a visitor preference study, using the stated choice method, conducted in Acadia National Park. The purpose of the first paper is to identify visitor preferences for tradeoffs among social, resource and related management conditions of the recreation setting. The purpose of the second paper is to identify differences among visitor preferences for social, resource and management conditions in various recreation settings. By considering the integrative nature of these attributes and the relative importance to visitors across recreation settings, the definition of management prescriptions can be better informed. To further investigate the results of the stated choice method and ensure the validity of the data, a verbal protocol assessment was applied to a sample of the stated choice survey respondents.
The purpose of the third paper is to reexamine the role of management prescriptions for park management planning and investigate tools for facilitating development of management prescriptions. The study included in-depth interviews, participant observation of a three-day planning workshop and a written survey. All of the participants in the various components of the study were National Park Service land management professionals. The study resulted in a list of the purpose and criteria for management prescriptions and a related menu of desired condition topics, which will be integrated into planning guidance to aid the development of unique and effective management prescriptions for national parks.Ph. D.
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Vries, Tjalling Wytse de. "Improving care in paediatric asthma patients, prescriptions, pharmacovigilance, pathogens, and particles /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
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Pillay, Sareesha. "Legislative prescriptions affecting persons with disabilities: a comparison of selected commonwealth countries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14510.
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Among the diverse citizenry that comprise Commonwealth countries are persons affected by disabilities and who remain vulnerable and under-represented. In light of the challenges of under-representation and the stigmatisation of persons with disabilities globally, the democratic principles of the Commonwealth of Nations have been placed under scrutiny. Thus the constitutionality and fairness of governmental policies and national legislation are criticised for their degree of reflection and representation of the social and political rights of persons with disabilities. This thesis will critically analyse the national legislative and policy frameworks affecting persons with disabilities in selected Commonwealth countries. Comparisons will be made between these selected countries, namely Canada, India, Kenya and South Africa. The Commonwealth and subscription to the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities will serve as a standardised platform for comparisons. Comparisons of the legislative prescriptions of the respective countries will be instrumental highlighting the challenges in the representation of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities globally and in improving and strengthening legislative prescription affecting persons with disabilities. The varying levels of development amongst countries and the lack of appropriate infrastructure continue to be detrimental to the effective representation of persons with disabilities and the ability of national governments to develop strong and effective legislative and policy frameworks remains compromised. It is thus essential that attention is directed to the challenges facing countries so that appropriate actions and remediation can improve the vulnerabilities linked to persons with disabilities. This study adopts a theoretical and case law approach. It firstly provides a conceptual framework for disability. The conceptual framework comprises the perspectives on disability that have justified the approaches to persons with disabilities. Theories and values and the international legal framework relevant to persons with disabilities will be provided. The theories and values provide a traditional framework and play an instrumental role in guiding actions toward the effective development of public policy and prescription of legislation. The selected countries will be analysed as separate cases. The countries will be analysed individually prior to the comparative component to acknowledge the strengths, weaknesses and challenges facing each country in relation to its own structure and level of development. The findings are based on themes which emerge from the analysis of the legislation and policies affecting persons with disabilities in the selected countries. The findings are presented in a comparative format owing to the comparative nature of the study. Recommendations that flow from the comparative analysis and findings are proposed in the final chapter. The adoption of the proposed recommendations can strengthen legislative prescriptions affecting persons with disabilities both nationally and internationally and improve the representation of the rights and freedom of persons with disabilities in the global context.
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au, p. flatau@murdoch edu, and Paul Robert Flatau. "Essays in the Development, Methodology and Policy Prescriptions of Neoclassical Distribution Theory." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20091123.135256.
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This thesis consists of revised versions of five published papers on the development of neoclassical distribution theory, in the English-speaking world together with an introduction and conclusion, which draw together the themes of the papers. The thesis covers the origins of neo-classical distribution theory in the English-speaking world in the work of Jevons and Marshall, through to the second generation of Wicksteed, Clark and Pigou, and finally on to the 1930s and the new perspectives of Hicks and Robinson.
Drawing on archival sources and primary and secondary texts, these essays review the major statements on distribution theory made by key figures in the Jevonian and Marshallian marginalist traditions. The essays shed new light on the origins of neoclassical distribution theory and provide insights into the methodology of nascent neoclassical distribution theory. A drive towards a universal, all-embracing marginal productivity theory of the distribution of income characterises the work of Clark and Wicksteed, but not so Marshall. A formalist mode of analysis, which was to become the hallmark of neoclassical economics in the second half of the twentieth century, is also evident in key works of the period. However, the role of empirical evidence in theory generation and appraisal remains an undeveloped component of late nineteenth and early twentieth century neoclassical theoryMarshall again provides an exception to the general rule.
There is a common adherence, among the key figures examined, to the joint proposition that competitive market wage outcomes are fair, but that low incomes (fair or not) are unjust when they fail to meet minimum needs standards. State remedial action (tax and expenditure policies) is required to remove such injustices. Robinsons theory of exploitation provided an important extension to the neoclassical normative framework. She highlighted the extent to which labour may be exploited due to imperfections in both product and labour markets.
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Rebeiro, Karen L. "Opportunities, not prescriptions, an exploratory study of the experience of occupational engagement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21076.pdf.
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Chauhan, Iqbal. "Misdiagnoses and wrong prescriptions : R&D divestitures in the pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78208.
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The emergence of biotechnology necessitating change in traditional pharmacological research, cost cutting by hospitals and health insurers, and an increasing number of patent expirations have posed a considerable challenge to the pharmaceutical industry, which hitherto had been considered recession-proof. Responding to this challenge, the industry has undergone tremendous consolidation through mergers and acquisitions (M&As). These M&As have resulted in high concentration within the therapeutic classes of drugs, thereby raising anticompetitive concerns.In order to allow the mergers to proceed, the Federal Trade Commission in the U.S. had required the merging entities to divest their R&D assets. The European Commission, on the contrary, had taken more permissive approach.
The thesis has argued that R&D divestitures in pharmaceutical cases have not been appropriate as anticompetitive concern arises owing to the acquisition of market power with drug purchasers, rather than the combination of R&D assets. The innovative nature of the industry, and the costs and risks involved in drug discovery make it hard to analyze the likely future state of the market. Ex-post analysis shows that divestiture in these cases proved counterproductive.
It is suggested that ex-post remedies like compulsory licensing and price regulation are preferable in pharmaceutical mergers, as they do not disrupt the companies' R&D structure. Moreover, these remedies could be applied once the anticompetitive concerns become apparent the merger is consummated, thereby allaying the uncertainty involved in the assessment of the future state of innovation markets.
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Craven, Mackey. "Empirical and theoretical observations in trade secrecy : statutory prescriptions and endogenous growth." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106722.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p.112-115 ).
Recent scholarship has suggested that trade secrecy may be as important, if not more important, than patenting as an intellectual property protection mechanism in the United States economy. While patent protection has always been an institution in the United States as a result of its inclusion in the Constitution, trade secret protection has only been statutorily recognized by the federal government in the last half-century. Similarly, while there has been extensive theoretical and empirical research on the incentives patent protection creates for firms to innovate, and the resulting effects on economic growth, there have been comparatively few theoretical studies and only a handful of empirical papers investigating the effects of trade secrecy. This leaves policy makers with little to no understanding of the effects of trade secrecy on the economy or how to influence trade secrecy through policy. This thesis provides insight into the second question by investigating the effect of implementing statutory trade secret law on patent application and trade secrecy litigation rates. Specifically, this thesis performs a difference in difference analysis on the implementation of the Pennsylvania Uniform Trade Secrets Act with respect to the above metrics. While the effect of trade secret litigation is inconclusive, this thesis finds that patent application rates and the rate of growth of patent applications decrease in response to the implementation of statutory trade secret law. This implies a theorized, but never before measured, substitution effect between patents and trade secrets. In addition, this shows that the level of trade secret protection can be influenced by policymakers through statutory law. When combined with an empirical study on the welfare effects of trade secret protection, this thesis will give policymakers a reference point from which to consider the benefits of further statutory trade secret law.
by Mackey Craven.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Di, Mascio Marc. "Conseils diététiques du pharmacien d'officine lors de la délivrance de différentes prescriptions." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P087.
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Frey, Olivier. "Otites moyennes aiguës : enquête en Aquitaine sur les prescriptions en médecine ambulatoire." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M178.
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Djakouane, Aurélien. "Les carrières de spectacteurs : vers une sociologie des formes de prescriptions théâtrales." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0043.
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Si la sociologie a su identifier les liens qui existent entre déterminants sociaux et pratiques culturelles, rien n'est dit sur la manière dont se forment durablement les appétences culturelles. À travers le cas du théâtre, le travail présenté ici propose de nouvelles pistes pour apporter un début de réponse à cette question. En s'appuyant sur des données statistiques et biographiques, cette étude tente de retracer les parcours qui ont conduit les spectateurs vers le théâtre. Des premières fois aux pratiques continuées se dessinent alors une forme de « carrière » dont les inflexions les plus décisives marquent l'intervention d'un prescripteur. Parents, amis, école, institution. . . Représentent les différents visages de ces prescripteurs. Le pari de cette thèse consiste à croire qu'en observant les prescriptions actives dans les carrières de spectateurs, on approche les lieux où transite l'expérience esthétique, et où s'opèrent continuellement la socialisation culturelle des individusIf the sociology of culture had identified the links between cultural participation and socials inequalities, those links do not really explain the making of a cultural affinity for culture. Through the example of theatre, this survey offers some new tracks to answer at this question. By mixing statistical and biographical data, this research tries to follow the way that people used to go to theatre. From the very first times to a persevering practice, it is drawing something like a career which the main variations came from a prescriber. Family, friends, school, institutions. . . Are the main prescription forms. The aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to show that by observing the prescription forms inside the spectators' careers, we can see the different places where travel the aesthetic experience, and where a cultural socialization proceeds continuously
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Bourcier, Elsa. "Lutte contre l'iatrogénie liée aux prescriptions d'hypnosédatifs chez le sujet âgé hospitalisé." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS383.
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Les données épidémiologiques concernant l’initiation d’hypnosédatifs (HS) chez le sujet âgé hospitalisé, les facteurs de risque associés et l’efficacité des actions de promotion du bon usage sont peu nombreuses. Les objectifs étaient (1) d’évaluer l’incidence des initiations d’HS en hospitalisation aiguë, la proportion de reconduction à la sortie, les facteurs de risque associés (SÉDATIF) et (2) d’identifier/évaluer les interventions de promotion du bon usage des HS décrites dans la littérature (HYPNOREV). Dans l’étude rétrospective multicentrique SÉDATIF, la proportion d’initiations d’HS était de 21,5% à 20 jours. L’HS était reconduit chez 56,0% des patients sortant en Soins de Suite et de Réadaptation (SSR) et 38,7% des sortants à domicile. Aucun facteur de risque d’initiation n’a été mis en évidence. Chez les patients sortant en SSR, l’initiation après 6 jours était protectrice de la reconduction à la sortie (OR = 0,19 ; p = 0,02). La revue systématique HYPNOREV (1980-2015) a permis d’identifier 31 études portant sur des interventions réglementaires ou éducatives de promotion du bon usage des HS. Les interventions éducatives multifacettes impliquant professionnels de santé, patients et utilisant les médias étaient les plus efficaces. De nouvelles études plus robustes étudiant la mise en la place de telles interventions en milieu hospitalier sont nécessairesFew data exist regarding SHs initiation among hospitalized older patients, associated risk factors and efficiency of interventions promoting their good use. The objectives were (1) to determine the proportion of SH initiation in acute hospitalization units, the proportion of SH renewal at discharge and to study associated risk factors (SÉDATIF) and (2) to identify and assess regulatory and educational interventions designed to improve the appropriate use of SHs (HYPNOREV). In the retrospective multicenter study SÉDATIF, SH initiation occurred in 21.5% of patients 20 days after admission. SH renewal at discharge occurred in 38.7% of patients who had initiated it during their stay and were discharged home and in 56.0% of patients discharged to rehabilitation facilities. No risk factor could be highlighted. SH initiation after the first 6 days was associated with a lower risk of renewal in patients discharged to rehabilitation facilities (OR = 0.19, p = 0.02). Regarding the systematic review of the literature HYPNOREV (1980-2015): 31 studies assessing educational or regulatory interventions were included. Multi-faceted educational interventions reporting the involvement of healthcare professionals and patients and the spread of information through mass media were successful. Further better designed studies are needed to study this type of interventions in the hospital setting