Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prescription process

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Academic literature on the topic 'Prescription process'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Prescription process"

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Goud, Anil, Elizabeth Kiefer, Michelle S. Keller, Lyna Truong, Spencer SooHoo, and Richard V. Riggs. "Calculating maximum morphine equivalent daily dose from prescription directions for use in the electronic health record: a case report." JAMIA Open 2, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz018.

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Abstract To demonstrate a process of calculating the maximum potential morphine milligram equivalent daily dose (MEDD) based on the prescription Sig for use in quality improvement initiatives. To calculate an opioid prescription’s maximum potential Sig-MEDD, we developed SQL code to determine a prescription’s maximum units/day using discrete field data and text-parsing in the prescription instructions. We validated the derived units/day calculation using 3000 Sigs, then compared the Sig-MEDD calculation against the Epic-MEDD calculator. Of the 101 782 outpatient opioid prescriptions ordered over 1 year, 80% used discrete-field Sigs, 7% used free-text Sigs, and 3% used both types. We determined units/day and calculated a Sig-MEDD for 98.3% of all the prescriptions, 99.99% of discrete-Sig prescriptions, and 81.5% of free-text-Sig prescriptions. Analyzing opioid prescription Sigs to determine a maximum potential Sig-MEDD provides greater insight into a patient’s risk for opioid exposure.
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Zerillo, Jessica A., Erin Santacroce, Mary Ann Zimmerman, Melissa Freeman, Teresa Lau Greenberg, Phuong Nguyen, Susan N. Chi, et al. "Building a new process: Nursing verification of pediatric oral chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2016): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.199.

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199 Background: While team-based safety checks ensure safe prescribing of parenteral chemotherapy, oral chemotherapy is usually prescribed by a single clinician. With the growing use of oral chemotherapy, processes are needed to protect these vulnerable patients from prescription errors. Methods: A team of nurses, clinicians, pharmacists and administrators developed a new process and checklist for nursing verification of oral chemotherapy prescriptions at Dana-Farber’s pediatric neuro-oncology program. Prescriptions are verified against the treatment plan by two pediatric oncology nurses. The verification checklist includes drug, dose with any modifications, height and weight, laboratory values and patient instructions. When available, the prescription bottle is also verified. Data was collected over a three-month pilot period. Results: From 6/18/15-9/16/15, 56 prescription verifications occurred. Verification rate of on-site retail pharmacy filled prescriptions was 47% (32/68 prescriptions). Median time for verification was 20 minutes (IQR 15, 40) per nurse. Nurses identified problems outside of prescription verification, including missing prior authorizations and unclear treatment plans. Medication bottles were not routinely available for verification. One identified near miss would have resulted in an 80% under-dose of everolimus. Conclusions: Prescription verification by nursing in a pediatric oncology clinic was feasible. While it was successful in identification of one medication error before it reached the patient, only 47% of prescriptions were verified. Since prescription bottles are usually obtained after a visit, verification of the actual bottles will require new workflows, such as additional clinic visits or uploading a picture via the patient portal. Involving the nurse in the review of oral chemotherapy not only identified a prescription error, but also highlighted issues within other aspects of patients’ care, including inconsistent documentation of the treatment plan. The inclusion of nursing in the review and management of oral chemotherapy has the potential to improve safety and outcomes for these patients.
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Bevan, Amanda, and Niesh Patel. "AN ELECTRONIC PRESCRIPTION ALERTING SYSTEM-IMPROVING THE DISCHARGE MEDICINES PROCESS." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 9 (August 17, 2016): e2.55-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311535.59.

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BackgroundWhilst the prescribing of both in-patient and discharge medicines is electronic, there was no automatic notification to clinical pharmacists when a discharge prescription was ready to be screened. The notification required a member of medical or nursing staff to bleep their pharmacist informing them of a prescription's availability. This manual process led to a delay in pharmacist screening which impacted on discharge. Prescriptions designated for pre-packed or patient's own medicine use were not seen at all by a clinical pharmacist. The initial intention was to develop a text messaging service; however this was not possible due to significant cost implications and its inflexibility.AimTo decrease the time to clinical pharmacist screening for children's discharge prescriptions.MethodA clinical pharmacist prescription alerting system was designed and implemented. The hospital's eDischarge Summaries are created and stored in the Trust's EPR database. A database query is executed that examines documents that have been signed by a prescriber which contain drug orders. The query runs every 15 minutes, Monday to Friday from 0800–2000. The database query exports a HTML data extract which is then packaged and sent using Exchange.Email was preferred as users access hospital WiFi, only receiving notifications on those laptops or smartphones connected to the Trust's email application. The HTML is embedded within the email body. The email is sent to named individuals within a given distribution list. The function is scalable to support all areas using Trust eDischarge Summaries.The system was introduced in April 2015. Data from before (June 2014–January 2015) and after (June 2015) implementation was compared.ResultsPrior to the introduction of an electronic alerting system the average time from a prescriber signing a prescription to clinical pharmacist screening was 93 minutes. Three months after starting the new system this time has reduced to 62 minutes, a reduction of 31 minutes or 33%. During the same time period, the number of discharge prescriptions screened by pharmacists rose from 172 to 218, an increase in workload of 26%.It has been possible to intervene on prescriptions containing errors which the clinical pharmacists would not previously have screened.ConclusionThe use of an electronic messaging system has met its primary aim to decrease the time delay from signing to pharmacist screening it has also increased pharmacist efficiency as evidenced by the increased workload.One limitation of this system is that it requires a regular e-mail check, for available prescriptions. The report runs every 15 minutes, an email is only sent if a prescription is found.The notification of all discharge prescriptions containing medicines has led to the identification of errors which have required intervention, in those prescriptions that a pharmacist would not have previously seen. These interventions have been for children who have received pre-packed antibiotics directly from the wards or for those where we have provided one-stop dispensing.It is hoped to role out this system across other areas of the organisation which should also enjoy this significant improvement in discharge prescription turnaround.
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Sachedina, Ayaaz Kazmir, Sonia Mota, Julie Lorenzin, Marlene Allegretti, Maureen Leyser, Alan Gob, and Robert McKelvie. "Effect of a formalised discharge process which includes electronic delivery of prescriptions to pharmacies on the incidence of delayed prescription retrieval." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 2 (May 2020): e000849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000849.

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BackgroundLack of prescription adherence after discharge from the inpatient hospital setting is a barrier to the delivery of optimal patient care. Non-adherence to medication for cardiac diseases can lead to substantial morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Electronic delivery of prescriptions by fax is a potential method of improving patient satisfaction and reducing pharmacy wait times.MethodsThis study was completed in the cardiology inpatient wards at a hospital in London, Ontario, Canada. ‘Delayed prescription retrieval’ was defined as the retrieval of a prescribed medication by a patient from their local pharmacy after the documented calendar day of discharge. The current discharge process on the cardiology wards was assessed and an initial monitoring period of study participants was completed to determine the baseline delayed prescription retrieval rate (preintervention group). A formalised discharge process, which included electronic delivery of prescriptions to pharmacies by fax, was implemented for study participants (postintervention group). The rate of delayed prescription retrieval was assessed in both groups.Results15 of 42 patients (35.7%) in the preintervention group and 9 of 72 (14.3%) in the postintervention group had delayed prescription retrieval suggesting relative and absolute risk reductions of 65% and 23.2% (p=0.0045). Of the participants with delayed prescription retrieval, 100% in the preintervention group and 77.8% in the postintervention group were due a new prescribed medication on the day of discharge.ConclusionsPatients who experienced a formalised discharge process, which included electronic delivery of prescriptions by fax, at the time of discharge from cardiac inpatient care had a lower rate of delayed prescription retrieval. Future studies are required to examine the impact of formal discharge processes on patient morbidity and mortality.
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Santoyo-Fexas, L., R. A. Uriarte Botello, B. R. Vázquez Fuentes, C. V. Solis, C. M. Skinner Taylor, I. D. J. Hernandez-Galarza, M. Eguia Bernal, and D. Á. Galarza-Delgado. "AB1292-HPR NUMBER OF DRUGS IN THE PRESCRIPTION, A PREDISPOSING FACTOR FOR MEDICATION ERRORS IN RHEUMATOLOGY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2940.

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Background:Medication error can be defined as a failure in the treatment process that leads to or has the potential to lead to harm to the patient, this fault can happen in two different phases: prescribing and prescription.Prescribing is the process of deciding what to prescribe and naming it. Various types of faults can occur in the decision-making process: underprescribing, overprescribing, irrational, inappropriate and ineffective prescribing. All these covers one type of errors, but these are different kind of errors that those that occur in the act of writing a prescription. This leads to the distinct concepts of ‘prescribing faults’ and ‘prescription errors’A prescription is ‘a written order, which includes detailed instructions of what medicine should be given, to whom, in what formulation and dose, by what route, when, how frequently, and for how long’. Thus, a prescription error can be defined as ‘a failure in the prescription writing process that results in a wrong instruction about one or more of the normal features of a prescription’. The ‘normal features’ include the identity of the patient, the identity of the drug, the formulation and dose, and the route, timing, frequency, and duration of administration. (1)It is not record about the rate of medication errors in rheumatology consultation.Objectives:To evaluate whether there is a relationship between prescribing errors and the number of drugs in the prescription.Methods:A descriptive, observational, and retrospective study was made.It was carried out a random search of medical prescriptions, generated by the electronic records (REPAIR®) of the rheumatology consultation of the Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González” during 2019, in which the prescriptions that contained any error were identifiedT student test was performed to see the difference in the prescription error based on the number of medications. P <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results:A review of 867 medical prescriptions was performed, among which 5503 medications were indicated with an average of 6.34 medications per prescription, a total of 30 (6.9%) prescriptions were found with error, where a total of 71 (3.9%) medications had errors. In the prescriptions with medication error, all the errors were prescription type; 68 (95.7%) had a mistake in the duration of administration and 3 (4.22%) in the identity of the drug.In the prescriptions with medical errors the average number of prescription drugs was 7.50, only 2/30 (0.6%) had less than 7 indicated medications (4 and 6), meanwhile the prescriptions in which no error was found had a mean of 6.30 indicated medications. P < 0.001.Conclusion:According to the study findings, it could be established that when the number of prescribed medications is greater than 7, there is an increased risk of making a prescription error. Further studies should carry out to look for other factors that influence medical errors in rheumatology clinics.References:[1]Aronson JK. Medication errors: definitions and classification. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;67(6):599-604.AcknowledgmentsDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Al Badi, Khalid. "Discrete event simulation and pharmacy process re-engineering." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 32, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-05-2018-0105.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a case study undertaken at Al Buraimi Hospital in Oman, which used computer simulation and the Delphi approach to improve efficiency by reducing prescription dispensing waiting times. Design/methodology/approach This study’s framework was based on a discrete event simulation (DES) to identify the as-is pharmacy process and to create a to-be (future situation) to achieve an improvement in pharmacy workflow and service quality. Owing to healthcare environment complexity, and to gain a deeper understanding about Al Buraimi Hospital pharmacy problems, a Delphi technique was also used. Findings Based on Delphi, and according to the expert panel suggestions, two alternative scenarios were proposed to improve Al Buraimi Hospital pharmacy efficiency: fast-track and direct-dispensing, which should help to reduce the prescription dispensing waiting time process by 7.3 and 9.8 min, respectively. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the pharmacists’ shortage, which may affect the prescription dispensing process’s quality as insufficient manpower to check the prescriptions may increase the medication errors’ risk. Originality/value Based on this case study’s real-world data, findings can be used to improve public healthcare sector pharmacy efficiency. The DES can be used in healthcare services to describe and test actual and proposed situations.
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Sinanis, Naralys, Osama Abdelghany, Michael Strait, Catherine A. Lyons, and Kerin B. Adelson. "Development of a complex patient identification process for the CMS’ Oncology Care Model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 8_suppl (March 10, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.8_suppl.32.

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32 Background: The CMS’ Oncology Care Model (OCM) provides practices with enhanced monthly payments for beneficiaries with cancer receiving chemotherapy. While the program will distribute a retrospective beneficiary list, practices need to track and identify eligible patients upfront to initiate care management and financial counseling processes and to bill for the enhanced payment. The eligibility criteria require information that many practices do not have. We describe a stepwise approach to patient identification that can be used by other OCM practices. Methods: We ran a report that identified patients with Medicare who received an OCM-eligible drug. We classified drugs into four categories: IV chemo confirmed by our own billing, oral specialty tracked and/or filled by our specialty pharmacy, general prescriptions filled at offsite pharmacies, and oral drugs billed under Medicare Part B. Because patients on general oral drugs receive 11 refills when first prescribed, we could not rely on a new prescription to trigger enrollment; we created a candidate list of patients who received oral prescriptions in the last year. Our pharmacists manually checked QS1, to verify Medicare Part D status and Surescripts to confirm that patients filled their prescription. Results: The build took time to validate due to disparate data and incomplete insurance information. 1039 IV chemo, 249 oral chemo, 196 oral Medicare Part B, were definitively eligible. 2991 with general prescriptions made the oral candidate list, which required additional verification of last visit date, Medicare Part D status, and prescription fill date. Approximately 70% of our patients have Medicare Part D and over 90% filled their prescription. We billed IV for July and August and are awaiting final confirmation of drug fill before billing the patients from the oral categories. Conclusions: The patient identification process was more complex than expected. Implementation required a multi-disciplinary effort with extensive collaboration across several departments as well as a time-intensive manual insurance and drug fill-verification process. Opportunities exist to automate Medicare Part D verification using our real-time eligibility software.
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Middleton, Peter, and Barry McCollum. "Management of process improvement by prescription." Journal of Systems and Software 57, no. 1 (April 2001): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0164-1212(00)00113-8.

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Chmielewski, Eric, and Joseph L. Cesarz. "A framework to increase prescription capture from health-system clinics." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 8 (March 11, 2020): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa023.

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Abstract Purpose To develop and implement an interprofessional framework to increase the capture of health system–generated prescriptions within health system–owned pharmacies. Summary Low prescription capture rates within a health system’s internal pharmacies led to an interdisciplinary process improvement effort. A framework was developed to assess the baseline prescription capture rate, select clinics for improvement, understand clinic workflows and key drivers of pharmacy selection, design strategies to increase prescription capture, implement targeted efforts, and measure the effectiveness of the intervention(s). Employing this framework provided revised workflows for nursing and medical assistant staff scripting and for referral of patients to internal pharmacies. These workflows were pilot tested at 3 system clinics. Results indicated that overall prescription capture increased by 2.9 to 4.1 percentage points (range, 10 to 86 prescriptions per month) and specialty prescription capture increased by 11.6 to 26.7 percentage points (range, 4 to 26 prescriptions per month) for each clinic within the first 2 months. A total of 99 new patients were referred to internal pharmacies within the first month. Conclusion Development and implementation of a framework to increase prescription capture from health system clinics helped increase capture, enhanced clinic engagement and knowledge about pharmacy services, and supported positive clinic-pharmacy relationships.
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Breaud, Alan H., Audrea H. Szabatura, Laura Cedro, Anna Shanedling, Hakim Lakhani, Caryn Caparrotta, Teresa Mazeika, et al. "Impact of early release of oral investigational prescriptions on safety and efficiency at a comprehensive cancer center." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.257.

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257 Background: At Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), timing of order release to the pharmacy is a contributing factor to safety and processing concerns for oral investigational medications. Day-of release can lead to delayed delivery to the patient, creating a risk of missing timed specific protocol data collection, and rushed critical pharmacy safety checks, an issue raised in a comprehensive proactive systems safety risk assessment. We conducted a pilot project aimed at improving the safety and efficiency of oral investigational medication processing within the pharmacy by releasing prescription orders at least 24 hours in advance of a patient’s appointment. Methods: A team of pharmacists, nurses, process improvement professionals, and a physician designed a pilot project where the prescriber released oral investigational prescriptions, from 9 selected research protocols, at least 24 hours before a patient’s appointment. From 11/2/2018-3/1/2019, we used manual timestamp data to compare prescription processing times for prescriptions released at least 24 hours in advance (“released early”) to prescriptions released less than 24-hours in advance (“not released early”). Qualitative feedback was obtained to assess pilot impact on prescription processing safety. Results: As shown in the table below, prescription processing time on day of patient appointment for prescriptions released early was shorter, on average, compared to those not released early (p < 0.05). Due to orders being released early, pharmacy staff noted feeling less pressure during prescription checks and a better ability to proactively assess inventory and prescription issues. Conclusions: Releasing oral investigational prescriptions early reduced the prescription processing time and increased time available for safety checks. Expanding this workflow change to all investigational medication orders can increase the safety and efficiency of prescription processing at DFCI. [Table: see text]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prescription process"

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Pack, Robert P., and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Prescription Drug Abuse in Appalachia and ETSU’s Process & Vision." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1434.

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Fucs, Ildo. "Prescrição intercorrente no processo administrativo fiscal." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11316.

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213 f.
Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-24T15:56:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ILDO FUCS.pdf: 1163888 bytes, checksum: 4f73e82234ce039a396d0837150cbb92 (MD5)
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O presente trabalho visa a discutir e analisar a aplicação da prescrição intercorrente no processo administrativo fiscal. Partiu-se de uma hipótese, segundo a qual, uma vez instaurado o contencioso administrativo-fiscal, a permanência da instrução por mais de 05 (cinco) anos, com ou sem impulso oficial, sem a conclusão do seu julgamento, faz ocorrer a prescrição intercorrente da pretensão do ente público em exigir o crédito tributário definitivamente constituído, com a devida extinção da obrigação tributária atribuída ao sujeito passivo. Para a construção de tal tese, foram identificados dois aspectos inerentes ao raciocínio prescritivo, quais sejam, o transcurso do tempo e a omissão do credor em fazer exigir a pretensão reconhecida. Como suporte ao tema desenvolvido, necessário se fez identificar e versar sobre: o tempo do Direito como um tempo finito; o auto de infração/notificação fiscal de lançamento como norma jurídica, individual e concreta, mas, antes de tudo, definitiva; bem como destacar o liame estabelecido entre a prescrição intercorrente e o princípio constitucional da segurança jurídica. Ao final, foram analisados não só os óbices, tanto doutrinários, quanto jurisprudenciais à tese estudada, como, também, as contribuições jurídicas que corroboram a hipótese verificada.
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Wilkerson, Thomas Wesley Felkey Bill G. Westrick Salisa C. "An exploratory study of the perceived use of workarounds utilized during the prescription preparation process of pharmacies in Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1743.

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Al-Hameli, Fahad M. "A study of the prescribing, dispensing and administration of medicines with reference to medication errors in the Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait : an experimental investigation to determine the accuracy of the prescribing process, dispensing process and nurse administration of medication as compared with the prescriptions of physicians in the Armed Forces Hospital in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4480.

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Introduction: Medication errors are a major cause of illness and hospitalization of patients throughout the world. This study examines the situation regarding medication errors in the Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait since no literature exists of any such studies for this country. Several types of potential errors were studied by physicians, nurses and pharmacists. Their attitudes to the commission of errors and possible consequences were surveyed using questionnaires. Additionally, patient medical records were reviewed for possible errors arising from such actions such as the co-administration of interacting drugs. Methods: This study included direct observations of physicians during the prescribing process, pharmacists while they dispensed medications and nurses as they distributed and administered drugs to patients. Data were collected and compiled on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyses were performed using SPSS. Where applicable, results were reported as counts and/ or percentages of error rates. Nurses, pharmacists and physicians survey questionnaires: From the 200 staff sent questionnaires a total of 149 respondents comprising nurses (52.3%), physicians (32.2%) and pharmacists (16.1%) returned the questionnaires a total response rate of 74.5%. All responses were analyzed and compared item-by-item to see if there were any significant differences between the three groups for each questionnaire item. All three groups were most in agreement about their perception of hospital administration as making patient safety a top priority with regard to communicating with staff and taking action when medication errors were reported (all means 3.0 and p > 0.05). Pharmacists were most assured of administration support when an error was reported whereas nurses were least likely to see the administration as being supportive ( p < 0.001), and were more afraid of the negative consequences associated with reporting of medication errors (p = 0.026). Although nurses were generally less likely to perceive themselves as being able to communicate freely regarding reporting of errors compared to pharmacists there was no significant difference between the two groups. Both however were significantly different from physicians (p< 0.001). Physicians had the most favorable response to perceiving new technology as helping to create a safer environment for patients and to the full utilization of such technologies within the institution in order to help prevent medical errors. Scenario response - Responses to two scenarios outlining possible consequences, should a staff member commit a medication error, tended to be very similar among the three groups and followed the same general trend in which the later the error was discovered and the more grievous the patient harm, the more severe would be the consequences to the staff member. Interestingly, physicians saw themselves as less likely to suffer consequences and nurses saw themselves as more likely to suffer consequences should they have committed a medication error. All three groups were more likely to see themselves as facing dismissal from their job if the patient were to die. RESULTS OF ALL THREE OBSERVATIONS: Result of Nursing observations: For 1124 doses studied, 194 resulted in some form of error. The error rate was 17.2% and the accuracy was 82.8%. The commonest errors in a descending order were: wrong time, wrong drug, omission, wrong strength/ dose, wrong route, wrong instruction and wrong technique. No wrong drug form was actually administered in the observational period. These were the total number of errors observed for the entire month period of the study. IV Result of Pharmacist observations: A total of 2472 doses were observed during the one month period. Observations were done for 3 hours per day each day that the study was carried out. The study showed that there were 118 errors detected which were in the following categories respectively: 52 no instructions, 28 wrong drug/unordered, 21 wrong strength/dose, ignored/omission 13, shortage of medication 3 and expired date 1. Result of Prescribers in Chart review for drug-drug interactions: The analysis of the drug-drug interactions showed that out of a total of 1000 prescriptions, 124 had drug-drug interactions. None were found to fall into the highest severity rating i.e. 4 (contraindicated). Only twenty-one interactions were rated 3 (major), 87 interactions were rated moderate and 15 interactions were rated minor according the modified Micromedex scale. Patient education: All health care such as physician, pharmacist, and nurses have a responsibility to educate patient about their medication use and their health conditions to protecting them from any error can occur by wrong using drugs. Conclusion This study has contributed to the field of medication errors by providing data for a Middle Eastern country for the very first time. The views and opinions of the nurses, pharmacists and physicians should be considered to enhance the systems to minimize any errors in the future.
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Ottosson, Henrik, and Saga Tortela. "Microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee: Exploring clinicians’ experience of prescription processes in different regions in Sweden : A qualitative study." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52987.

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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vad kliniker upplever påverkar förskrivningsprocessen av mikroprocesstyrd knäkomponent (MPK) i de olika regionerna i Sverige. Metod: Kvalitativ analys med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Intervjuerna genomfördes och spelades in med Zoom eller Teams programvara och data analyserades sedan tematiskt.  Resultat: 9 legitimerade ortopedingenjörer samt en legitimerad fysioterapeut från åtta olika regioner deltog i studien. Under dataanalysen identifierades fyra huvudteman samt 10 underteman. Huvudteman var: utvärdering av patientens lämplighet för MPK, utmaningar med att beräkna patientutfall, förskrivningsbarriärer och externa påverkande faktorer. Deltagarna upplevde att beräkning av patientutfall, budgetrestriktioner och att vara beroende av subjektiva bedömningar av patienter som stora utmaningar med förskrivningsprocessen av en MPK.  Slutsats: Deltagarna upplevde att förskrivningsprocessen av MPK påverkas av flertal olika faktorer; från regionala budgetar och ansökningsprocesser, till deltagarnas erfarenhet och förmåga att bedöma lämpliga MPK-kandidater. Deltagarna uttryckte utmaningar med att förskrivningsprocessen var känslobaserad och till stor del beroende av subjektiva och generella utvärderingar av patienten. Detta gjorde att ett stort ansvar av bedömningen om vem som bör få ett MPK förskrivet, låg på deltagarna själva, vilket ansågs kan bidra till inkonsekventa patientbehandlingar. Deltagarna upplevde att ett nationellt förskrivningssystem möjligen hade kunnat bidra till att processen var mer rättvis för patienterna samt underlätta processen för de själva.
Purpose: The study investigates clinicians’ experience of what is affecting the prescription of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees (MPKs) in different regions in Sweden. Method: Qualitative analysis with semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted and recorded using Zoom or Teams software and data was thereafter thematically analysed. Results: 9 certified prosthetists and a certified physiotherapist from eight different regions participated. During data analysis four main themes were identified along with ten subthemes. The key themes were: assessing candidate for MPK, challenges in estimating outcomes, barriers to prescribing and external influencing factors. Estimating patient outcomes, budget limitations and being dependent on subjective patient evaluations were expressed as major factors affecting the prescription of MPKs. Conclusion: The prescription of MPKs was found to be affected by several factors; from regional budgets and application processes to clinicians’ experience in assessing suitable MPK-candidates. The clinicians expressed challenges in that the prescribing process was emotionally based and relied on subjective and generalised patient assessments. This made decision-making regarding who to prescribe an MPK to, highly dependent on the clinicians’ own experience and knowledge which according to them, could lead to inconsistent treatments. Clinicians felt that a national prescription system could possibly ensure fairer patient evaluations and make the process easier for themselves.
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Thomas, Camille. "La fabrique de la prescription « au carré » : conception participative d’un dispositif de travail d’organisation transverse d’un processus de conception documentaire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1219/document.

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Cette recherche-intervention porte sur l’organisation d’un processus de conception de documents utilisés pour l’exploitation nucléaire : la fabrique de la prescription. Elle s’inscrit dans une approche constructive de l’ergonomie.La construction d’un diagnostic organisationnel permet de caractériser le processus étudié, le travail collectif transverse qu’il implique et de concevoir des outils spécifiques pour l’intervention. Une démarche participative est ensuite mise en œuvre afin de concevoir un dispositif d’expérimentation permettant d’organiser un travail d’organisation transverse. L’expérimentation de ce dispositif renvoie « au carré » de la fabrique de la prescription. Elle aboutit à deux principaux résultats : le développement d’un travail collectif transverse et la mise en visibilité d’un manque de subsidiarité au sein de l’organisation étudiée.L’analyse de la conception et l’expérimentation de ce dispositif permettent de produire des connaissances sur les interventions ergonomiques capacitantes : sur la conception participative de tels dispositifs et méthodes et sur le rôle de la construction sociale de l’intervention
In our intervention research we investigate the making of prescription, that is, the organization of a design process of prescriptive documents used, in particular, for nuclear power plants. This project is part of a constructive approach to ergonomics.Building of an organizational diagnosis leads to characterize the studied process, transversal collective work it involves, and to develop specific tools for intervention. We implement a participatory design approach in order to design an experimental methodology which supports the organization of a transversal organizational. This experimentation refers to “the square” of the making of prescription. This leads to two main results: the development of a transversal collective work between participants involved, and the highlighting of a lack of subsidiarity within the studied organization.Design and experimentation of the methodology analysis contribute to produce knowledge about enabling ergonomics intervention: on the participatory design of the methodology itself, and on the enhancement of the role of social elaboration of an ergonomics intervention
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Martin-Scholz, Anja. "Communiquer et organiser en échafaudant un "big data" manuel : le cas d'un projet de formation en aménagement du territoire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30275/document.

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L'aménagement du territoire en France, et en particulier les processus d'élaboration de documents d'urbanisme, font l'objet d'évolutions distinctes mais conjointes sous les effets de la rationalisation des politiques publiques, de la décentralisation de l'Etat et de transformations de problématiques d'aménagement. Les acteurs impliqués dans l'aménagement doivent arbitrer entre de nombreux conflits d'usages des sols, au regard de lois et directives plurielles voire contradictoires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons observé un projet de formation développé à travers une collaboration inter-organisationnelle impliquant des agents de plusieurs services déconcentrés relevant de différents Ministères ainsi que des agents d'un organisme de recherche ; ces agents étaient porteurs d'une préoccupation concernant la préservation des terres cultivées ou potentiellement cultivables et, face à la restriction de leur capacité d'agir, ont cherché des modalités d'agir à distance à travers l'élaboration de ce projet. Notre recherche explore les processus organisants, constitutifs d'une organisation transverse. Elle montre comment s'est constitué progressivement un échafaudage à la " frontière " entre différents mondes afin d'équiper les destinataires du module de formation, de données, d'éléments de méthodes, de " façons-de-penser " et de " façons-de-voir " organisationnelles. Ce faisant, elle caractérise cette collaboration comme s'inscrivant dans une perspective relevant de l'evidence based planning et du mouvement des big data. Notre recherche, ancrée dans une approche info-communicationnelle, met au travail les questions de brutification et de mise en compatibilité d'ensembles de données. Elle explore la façon dont la visée de prescription générique se trouve mise en défaut lors de la re-singularisation en situations. Elle met en évidence des questions-clé, en lien avec le mouvement des big data, en termes de production de sens, conçu à la fois comme signification et orientation de l'action
The land-use planning in France, and specifically the making process of planning documents, evolve both in a distinct and common way due to the effects of the rationalization of public policies, the State devolution of power and the transformations of land management issues. The actors involved in planning must mediate numerous conflicts of land-use, in compliance with multiple and even contradictory laws and directives. In this context, we observed a training project developed via an inter-organizational collaboration involving agents from decentralized departments of different Ministries, as well as agents belonging to a research organization. The agents were concerned about the preservation of cultivated or potentially cultivatable soil. Facing the limitation of their capacity to act, they sought toways of acting remotely through this project. Our research explores the organizing processes that constitute a transverse organization. It shows how a scaffolding was gradually built up at the "border" between different arenas in order to equip the recipients of the training module with data, elements of method, organizational "ways-of-thinking" and "ways-to-see". Thus it characterizes this collaboration as part of a perspective based on evidence based planning and on the big data movement. Our research is anchored in an information-communication approach. It works on questions of rawification and of making data sets compatible. It explores how a generic prescription fails in situed re-singularization. It highlights key issues, linked to the big data movement, in terms of sense making, sense conceived both as meaning and as orientation of action
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Caillaud, Johann. "Le standard pratiqué : une nouvelle voie de standardisation des processus métier ouverte par une recherche-action." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090040/document.

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Les processus métier font l’objet d’une standardisation. Les voies empruntées pour cette standardisation, à savoir la domination, la confrontation et l’incorporation, puisent leur origine tant dans les méthodes que sont l’Organisation Scientifique du Travail ou le reengineering que dans les outils de type progiciel de gestion. Or, il s’avère que la prescription et la standardisation des processus métier, telles qu’elles sont réalisées, posent des problèmes dans les organisations, aux niveaux stratégique, fonctionnel et opérationnel. Notre recherche s’attache à déterminer d’une part la nature d’une autre voie de standardisation et d’autre part les conditions pouvant faciliter son émergence.Convaincus que le changement ne peut plus se définir comme l’imposition d’un modèle a priori, un standard promulgué, nous nous interrogeons sur la capacité des pratiques à reconcevoir la nature du travail de standardisation, pour aboutir à un standard pratiqué. Afin de trouver des solutions aux problèmes rencontrés avec les voies actuelles de standardisation, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel qui place les pratiques au cœur d’une spirale de création de connaissances organisationnelles. Dans le cadre d’une recherche action, nous analysons les effets de la mise en place d’un outil matérialisant notre modèle conceptuel sur des terrains qui mobilisent différemment les conditions requises pour le changement, à savoir un institut bancaire public et un groupe de presse nationale. Les résultats obtenus, variant très fortement d’un terrain à l’autre, font ressortir deux enseignements majeurs qui nous éclairent sur l’avènement du standard pratiqué comme nouvelle voie de standardisation. Nous constatons tout d’abord que le standard pratiqué se nourrit du standard promulgué pour ancrer les processus métier dans toute l’organisation. Ensuite, l’émergence et le développement d’un standard pratiqué mettent en lumière des logiques particulières à l’œuvre dans l’organisation, à savoir un processus de création de sens, le soutien d’une structure de pouvoir parallèle au pouvoir officiel et un processus d’innovation organisationnelle
Business processes undergo standardization. This standardization is achieved through domination, confrontation and incorporation, means that have their origins in methods like Taylorism, reengineering or the implementation of tools such as ERP systems. Prescription and standardization of business processes, however, create problems for organizations, at the strategic, functional and operating levels. Our research attempts to uncover on one hand novel ways of standardizing processes and on the other the conditions facilitating the emergence of these new ways.Convinced that change cannot be defined any more as the imposition of an a priori model or a promulgated standard, we investigate how work practices may contribute to the creation of standards, and result in “practiced” standards. To find solutions to the problems met with current ways of standardizing, we propose a model, which places practice at the heart of a spiral of creation of organizational knowledge. Through an action research project, we analyze the effects of the implementation of this model in two different settings, namely a public banking institute and a conglomerate of national press, requiring different conditions for change.Our findings, which differ considerably from one case to the other, highlight how the “practiced” standard emerges as a novel way of standardizing. First, we notice that the “practiced” standard feeds on the promulgated standard to anchor business processes in the whole organization. Second, the emergence and the development of the “practiced” standard bring to light specific processes that operate in the organization, namely a process of sensemaking, the support of a structure of power parallel to the official one, and a process of organizational innovation
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Marques, Samary Maira Rejane. "A prescriptive software process for Academic Scenarios." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144289.

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Doctora en Ciencias, Mención Computación
Tradicionalmente, la ingeniería de software se ha enseñado con clases expositivas. Sin embargo, esta disciplina requiere mucho más que sólo teoría. Con el fin de tratar de entender el estado del arte en este ámbito, se ha realizado una extensa revisión bibliográfica. Además, se llevó a cabo un estudio de la enseñanza de ingeniería de software en las principales universidades de Chile. Los resultados obtenidos indican que hace poco tiempo que estas instituciones han comenzado a enseñar ingeniería de software de una manera teórico-práctica, involucrando a los estudiantes en experiencias de desarrollo de software ya sea en cursos basados en proyectos, como en cursos prácticos de fin de carrera (capstone). Ambos tipos de cursos tienen objetivos distintos; los primeros son generalmente apoyados por procesos más rigurosos, mientras que los últimos son frecuentemente abordados con estrategias de desarrollo ágiles. Se han propuesto varias estrategias de instrucción y de uso de procesos de ingeniería de software para cursos capstone, pero muy pocos están disponibles para cursos basados en proyectos. Además, aún los procesos más rigurosamente reportados en la literatura no incluyen suficiente detalle para que instructores y estudiantes involucrados puedan reproducirlos en cursos basados en proyectos. Es con el objetivo de llenar este vacío que esta tesis concibe y propone EduProcess: un proceso de desarrollo de software prescriptivo que puede ser utilizado en los cursos de ingeniería de software basados en proyectos que toman parte de programas de computación de pregrado. En relación al uso de este proceso, esta tesis hipotetiza que EduProcess: (H1) permite que las experiencias prácticas puedan ser reproducidas sin demandar un esfuerzo adicional considerable, y (H2) ayuda a producir resultados positivos en proyectos de software. Este método fue concebido para apoyar a pequeños equipos de software que trabajan de manera distribuida la mayor parte del tiempo y tienen instancias esporádicas de sincronización de sus trabajos. El proceso puede ser utilizado en proyectos de al menos siete semanas de duración. EduProcess incluye dos subprocesos: uno principalmente a cargo de los estudiantes (e involucra a los usuarios y clientes), y el otro a cargo del equipo instruccional del curso y sirve de apoyo a la experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La validación de las hipótesis se realizó con un estudio de caso en un curso de la Universidad de Chile. Los resultados obtenidos indican que EduProcess ayuda a los estudiantes a aumentar su coordinación, su sentido de pertenencia al equipo y su efectividad, pero no necesariamente aumenta su productividad. Tambén permite a los equipos hacer un diagnóstico más preciso de su proyecto y priorizar mejor las tareas de modo de maximizar su tasa de éxito. Estos resultados apoyan a la hipótesis H2. EduProcess se aplicó sistemáticamente y con éxito durante cuatro semestres en un curso de ingeniería de software basado en proyectos. Esto muestra que el proceso permite la repetición de estas experiencias, sin demandar de los instructores y estudiantes un esfuerzo considerable. Este resultado apoya la hipótesis H1. En este sentido, EduProcess hace una contribución al avance del estado del arte en el dominio de la educación de ingeniería de software, y específicamente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de ingeniería de software en cursos basados en proyectos.
Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por CONICYT y Fondef
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Mihman, Alexis. "Juger à temps : le juste temps de la réponse pénale /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41248641z.

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Books on the topic "Prescription process"

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The Quayle Council's plans for changing FDA's drug approval process: A prescription for harm : twenty-sixth report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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Torrado, Fernando Canosa. Teoría y práctica del proceso de pertenencia. 4th ed. Santafé de Bogotá: Ediciones Doctrina y Ley, 1999.

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Tinti, Pedro León. El proceso de usucapión. 3rd ed. Córdoba, República Argentina: Alveroni Ediciones, 2005.

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Pellecchi, Luigi. Praescriptio, processo, diritto sostanziale, modelli espositivi. Padova: CEDAM, 2003.

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Vélez, Edgar Guillermo Escobar. Prescripción y procesos de pertenencia en Colombia. Medellín: Editora Jurídica de Colombia, 1986.

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Prada, Luis Alfonso Acevedo. La prescripción y los procesos declarativos de pertenencia: Acciones e interdictos posesorios. 3rd ed. Bogotá, Colombia: Librería Editorial El Foro de la Justicia, 1987.

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Torrado, Fernando Canosa. Teoría y práctica del proceso de pertenencia: Jurisprudencia, doctrina, derecho comparado, práctica forense. 2nd ed. Bogotá, Colombia: Impresos Lesther-Linotipia Cúspide, 1986.

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Tinti, Pedro León. El proceso de usucapión: Elementos de la prescripción adquisitiva, regulación procesal ... 2nd ed. Córdoba, República Argentina: Alveroni Ediciones, 1999.

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Trigo, Gonzalo Castellanos. Conclusión extraordinaria del proceso. Cochabamba, Bolivia: Editorial "Alexander", 2002.

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The process of change in education: moving from descriptive to prescriptive research. Hauppauge N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Prescription process"

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Fujii, Satoshi. "Theory for Behavior Modification Process for Cooperation." In Prescription for Social Dilemmas, 29–41. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55618-3_4.

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Duijff, Pieter. "21. The Standardisation Process of Frisian: A Word List as a Result." In Prescription and Tradition in Language, edited by Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade and Carol Percy, 331–41. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783096510-023.

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Cavallo, Pierpaolo, Sergio Pagano, and Luna Carpinelli. "The Drug Prescription Process: A Network Medicine Approach." In Handbook of Systems and Complexity in Health, 537–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4998-0_32.

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Candel, Danielle. "17. Prescription and Tradition: From the French Dictionnaire de l’Académie to the Official French Language Enrichment Process (1996–2014)." In Prescription and Tradition in Language, edited by Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade and Carol Percy, 273–87. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783096510-019.

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Van Goidsenhoven, Leni, and Anneleen Masschelein. "“Writing by Prescription”: Creative Writing as Therapy and Personal Development." In New Directions in Book History, 265–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53614-5_11.

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AbstractThis chapter investigates how-to books on creative “life writing” for therapy, transformative learning, and personal development, in short, therapeutic writing. This subgenre of writing advice is situated in two different domains with psychology and pedagogy on the one hand, and life writing and creative writing on the other hand. After a brief overview of the history of therapeutic writing, we focus on Jessica Kingsley Publishers (JKP), a leading international niche publisher in the field of neurological and cognitive differences. JKP offers a combination of popular-science books, memoirs, and self-help publications, as well as a series of how-to books on writing for therapy or personal development. By this specific grouping of genres and formats, JKP turns its readers into writers and also guides the process of writing by setting out standards for narratives about neurological illness and disability, both in content and form. Combining both textual and contextual analysis, we examine the advice oeuvres of three JKP authors, Gillie Bolton, Kate Thompson, and Celia Hunt, to see how they relate to the therapeutic and self-help ethos as well as to more literary forms of creative writing, and how they negotiate the ideas of becoming a writer through craft, therapy, and self-expression.
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Münch, Jürgen, Ove Armbrust, Martin Kowalczyk, and Martín Soto. "Prescriptive Process Models." In The Fraunhofer IESE Series on Software and Systems Engineering, 19–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24291-5_2.

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Vieri, Marco, Daniele Sarri, Stefania Lombardo, Marco Rimediotti, Riccardo Lisci, Valentina De Pascale, Eleonora Salvini, Carolina Perna, and Andrea Pagliai. "Internet of Things in agriculture." In Manuali – Scienze Tecnologiche, 32. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-044-3.32.

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Agriculture 4.0 & High Tech Farming are strictly related to connectivity between management system and tools (devices and equipment). That is called IoT approach. The definition of Internet of things is evolving due to the convergence of multiple technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems. In farming system like vineyard and tillage crops, the main applications are related to monitor soil, environment and crops but also to provide prescription maps essential to control automatic operation of devices and equipment. The systemic system of IoT permits to have augmented knowledge on the overall process that is essential to manage sustainability and product quality. IoT enhances traceability by block chain.
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Teinemaa, Irene, Niek Tax, Massimiliano de Leoni, Marlon Dumas, and Fabrizio Maria Maggi. "Alarm-Based Prescriptive Process Monitoring." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 91–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98651-7_6.

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Claes, Jan, Irene Vanderfeesten, Frederik Gailly, Paul Grefen, and Geert Poels. "Towards a Structured Process Modeling Method: Building the Prescriptive Modeling Theory." In Business Process Management Workshops, 168–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58457-7_13.

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Gröger, Christoph, Holger Schwarz, and Bernhard Mitschang. "Prescriptive Analytics for Recommendation-Based Business Process Optimization." In Business Information Systems, 25–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06695-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Prescription process"

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Wood, William H., and Alice M. Agogino. "A Prescription for Information Prospecting, Data Mining, and Design Refinement." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dtm-3900.

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Abstract We present a prescriptive methodology for conceptual design based on a process of information gathering and refinement. While these activities are generic to conceptual design, a mathematical framework is developed toward structuring the design space, approximating the design space by generalizing design data, and formalizing the iterative process of narrowing the design space while refining the level detail in the design specification. As a prescription for conceptual design, this method formalizes the conceptual design process around a key tradeoff — the value to be gained by making design commitments balanced against the reduction in size of design space these commitments bring. Because conceptual design decisions carry tremendous leverage through to all downstream processes, formalizing conceptual design toward reducing arbitrary design decisions and focusing attention on the most critical design concerns holds the potential to improve greatly the ultimate product of the overall design process.
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Plessala, I., I. Jolivet, S. Quintel, and B. Granger. "PS-103 Optimisation of the drug prescription process in patient admission." In 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.609.

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Batraga, Anda. "CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR IN BUYING DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN NON-PRESCRIPTION DRUG MARKET." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.5/s05.025.

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Caputo, Joshua M., Steven H. Collins, and Peter G. Adamczyk. "Emulating prosthetic feet during the prescription process to improve outcomes and justifications." In 2014 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arso.2014.7020992.

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Chevalet, V., O. Gleizes, L. Hammi, A. Rieutord, R. Sterpu, G. Bussone, R. Fior, and N. Curatolo. "4CPS-214 Assessment of the medication error rate pre-prescription during the medication reconciliation process." In 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.363.

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Neubauer, Brett Cullen, and William K. Durfee. "Simulation Based Design of a Pediatric-Sized Hydraulic Ankle-Foot Orthosis." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9739.

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Cerebral palsy can cause gait impairments in children that require the prescription of passive ankle-foot orthoses. This project aims to develop a pediatric-sized hydraulic active ankle-foot orthosis with computer-controlled stiffness. The orthosis will allow a clinician to investigate a range of AFO stiffnesses while collecting gait performance metrics to determine the optimal stiffness value for the AFO prescription. The ankle-foot orthosis uses hydraulic technology to generate the large required torques in a light, compact package. The preliminary design uses additive manufacturing to further reduce the weight of the manifolds on the medial and lateral sides of the ankle. The simulation prototype of the design illustrated that the orthosis should be capable of generating 91 Nm of ankle torque and a maximum angular velocity of 483 °/sec. The device will be a valuable resource in the clinic, saving time and resources in the AFO prescription process while improving the healthcare of the patient.
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Sharma, Vipin, and Caroline C. Hayes. "Operation Ordering Principles and Intra-Setup Planner: Combining Human Control With Automation in Process Planning." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dfm-21186.

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Abstract We present in this paper 1) operation ordering principles and 2) a customizable process planner, Intra-Setup Planner that implements those principles. The principles and the planner focus on sequencing cutting operations within individual setups for three and five axis prismatic milling applications. There is no general agreement on ordering principles largely because different shops have very different needs. To address a wide range of users’ needs, we have designed both the ordering principles and the Intra-Setup Planner to support flexibility rather than providing a single one-size-fits-all prescription for operation ordering. The Intra-Setup Planner provides a convenient user interface, Rule Editor through which users can select the ordering principles that suit their own situation, an automated planner that will follow the user selected principles, and a Plan Editor to allow final adjustments. The combination of flexible principles and user control maximize the strengths of human and machine intelligence.
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Everett, Jim, T. Howard, and M. Kamperman. "The Development of an MIS for Iron Ore Mining Operations." In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2428.

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We describe the development and implementation of a management informing system (MIS) to aid the mining, transporting, stockpiling and shipping of iron ore. Ore is railed from mines to a port, where it is blended on stockpiles and recovered to ships. The project commenced as a Decision Support System to aid quality control of ore grade. It evolved to become an MIS aiding operators, decision makers and managers at multiple stages and levels of the production process. The project’s history provides valuable lessons for the development of an MIS. The project was designed and implemented with clients rather than for clients, ownership by the users was emphasized, and domain knowledge was sought and incorporated at every stage. Contrary to textbook prescription, these considerations suggest that, rather than basing a project upon some initial grand plan, an incremental evolution is preferable, with developers and users cooperatively exploring possibilities as they unfold.
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Ma, Jing, Ruocheng Guo, Aidong Zhang, and Jundong Li. "Multi-Cause Effect Estimation with Disentangled Confounder Representation." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/384.

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One fundamental problem in causality learning is to estimate the causal effects of one or multiple treatments (e.g., medicines in the prescription) on an important outcome (e.g., cure of a disease). One major challenge of causal effect estimation is the existence of unobserved confounders -- the unobserved variables that affect both the treatments and the outcome. Recent studies have shown that by modeling how instances are assigned with different treatments together, the patterns of unobserved confounders can be captured through their learned latent representations. However, the interpretability of the representations in these works is limited. In this paper, we focus on the multi-cause effect estimation problem from a new perspective by learning disentangled representations of confounders. The disentangled representations not only facilitate the treatment effect estimation but also strengthen the understanding of causality learning process. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets show the superiority of our proposed framework from different aspects.
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Yu, Hsin Her, Min-Hsun Cheng, Rong-Yuan Jou, Kuang-Chyi Lee, and Chien-Chang Lin. "Development of the New Generation Materials for the Soft Pipe Lining Rehabilitation." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71055.

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With increasing global urbanization and industrialization, many more pipelines for gas, potable water, sewer, oil, and power cables have been installed underground, underwater, in buildings and in factories. Maintenance of such pipelines is crucial. However, it is often difficult and has become a growing problem these days. The PALTEM-HL (Trade mark and stands for Pipeline Automatic Lining SysTEM, Hose Lining Method), a pipeline relining system, was developed as an effective and inexpensive solution for this problem. In this project, we try to develop a new resins and the adhesives system to replace the raw materials used in the PALTEM-HL system. Anionic harder combined two different types of epoxy resins were investigated in this study. After curing, the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of the mixture were examined and the optimum sample preparation prescription was also found. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) were employed to monitor the curing process of the mixtures. The mechanical properties of the mixture were also measured by Instron and micro Vickers.
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Reports on the topic "Prescription process"

1

Hernandez, Mark S. Outpatient Pharmacy Civilian Prescription Pathway Process Improvement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada372346.

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2

Berndt, Ernst, Adrian H. Gottschalk, Tomas Philipson, and Matthew Strobeck. Assessing the Impacts of the Prescription Drug User Fee Acts (PDUFA) on the FDA Approval Process. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10822.

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3

Mracek Dietrich, Anna, and Ravi Rajamani. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft. SAE International, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021007.

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The aerospace industry is beginning to grapple with the reality of certifying electric aircraft (EA), signaling the maturing of the field. Many players are ramping up their activities to respond to imminent technical, safety, and regulatory requirements. While there are gaps in EA knowledge as well as the processes for certifying them, some leading standards development organizations (SDOs) such as SAE International, ASTM International, and RTCA—ably supported by representatives from regulatory agencies—are stepping in to address many of these issues. Of special importance are the new rule changes in the normal category (14 CFR Part 23, Amendment 64) that shift from a prescriptive philosophy to “performance-based rules.” Regarding system knowledge, there has been a trend in the use electrical energy to power systems that have long employed mechanical hydraulics. In the new EA paradigm, these components will be employed at criticality levels not previously witnessed in conventional aircraft, calling for a specific set of certification demands. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft tackles the certification challenges faced by EA manufacturers in both the small (normal) and large (transport) categories, addressing technical, business, and process issues.
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4

Janowiak, Maria, Daniel Dostie, Michael Wilson, Michael Kucera, Howard Skinner, Jerry Hatfield, David Hollinger, and Christopher Swanston. Adaptation Resources for Agriculture: Responding to Climate Variability and Change in the Midwest and Northeast. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6960275.ch.

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Changes in climate and extreme weather are already increasing challenges for agriculture nationally and globally, and many of these impacts will continue into the future. This technical bulletin contains information and resources designed to help agricultural producers, service providers, and educators in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States integrate climate change considerations and action-oriented decisions into existing farm and conservation plans. An Adaptation Workbook provides producers a flexible, structured process to identify and assess climate change impacts, challenges, opportunities, and farm-level adaptation tactics and continuously evaluate adaptation actions for improving responses to extreme and uncertain conditions. A synthesis of Adaptation Strategies and Approaches serves as a “menu” of potential responses organized to provide a clear rationale for making decisions by connecting planned actions to broad adaptation concepts. Responses address both short- and long-range timeframes and extend from incremental adjustments of existing practices to major alterations that transform the entire farm operation. Example adaptation tactics—prescriptive actions for agricultural production systems common in the region—for each approach guide producers, service providers, and educators to develop appropriate responses for their farms and location. Four Adaptation Examples demonstrate how these adaptation process resources are used.
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