Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prescription de l’action publique'
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Lemouzy, Laurence. "L’imaginaire dans l’action publique territoriale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020013.
Full textThis research concern myths and tales who structure the territorial public sector. The purpose is to conduct a réflexion about their permanency or their decline. Then, imaginary must be understood like a way to « make society ». Administrative law, specifically, contribute to the performance of the imaginary by creating and inventing norms. However, the failures of the public sector — frequently denounced — signal sometimes a weakening, a saturation or a transformation of the public sectorimaginary. The public policies appears like a victim of the imaginary, a victim of an excess or a lack of imaginary, maybe because of the pressure and the influence of the economic power. This strain drives to interrogate themselves on the phenomena who cancel the capability of imagination among the public actors. While the local administrations are considered like service providers and individual rights providers too, which symbols, which representations, which promises does the public sector carry today ? What are the « new political imaginaries » ? Can we re-model public policies with utopia ? The question is to update the imaginaries attached to public policies. These imaginaries are invisible, hidden in the undergrounds but the are really present in the way to drive and build public policies today
Paparidou, Maria. "La prescription de l'action publique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32063.
Full textFor the national legal systems that acknowledge it, time-barred public prosecution is the rule and no time-barred prosecution the exception. The French law made of time-barred public prosecution one of its principles in order to make sure of legal certainty. Putting into action, time-barred public prosecution constitues a pragmatic erasing of the penal reaction that we ascribe to the clemency of society towards evildoers. Putting into regression progressively through the extension of its statutory time-limits as its evolution goes along, time-barred public prosecution brings the French law closer to the Common law characterised by the absence of a general time-barred public prosecutions principle and compromises its position among clemency's institutions
Roth, Stéphanie. "Clandestinité et prescription de l'action publique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061930.
Full textHubert, Jérôme. "L’influence de l’action publique sur la demande et l’offre de logement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12013/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis deals with factors determining the housing demand and supply, with applications in the former Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. Opening chapter provides an analysis about 200 papers published in the Journal of Housing Economics from 2003 to 2012. It shows informative results to novice or experienced researchers in housing economics. The second chapter presents in detail the new database called « Demande de valeurs foncières » to account the wealth of material it contained. This chapter also shows some statistics about housing marking of Nord-Pas-de-Calais. The third chapter is implementing ans hedonic model to explicit factors affecting housing prices. Apart from the « Demande de valeurs foncières » database, this study uses several spatialized datas due to a SIG. The chapter 4 uses former estimation results to estimate the housing and land rent stock of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais. These results provides keys to understanding the housing value creation in one of the most densely populated areas in France. For example, they show that around 50% of housing estimate come from where it stands. The last chapter concluded this work deepening the DiPasquale-Wheaton theoretical model with the objetive of establishing links among different players who make up the housing market
Minteu, Kadje Danielle. "L’action publique internationale du codéveloppement : trajectoires franco-malienne et franco-sénégalaise." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40017/document.
Full textOn the basis of the legitimate interrogations raised by the emergence of an innovative concept, this research intends to analyze several revealing variables of a State in action. In this study, we aim at re-thinking international policy-making, with references to "co-development" under the prism of the French-Malian and French Senegalese trajectories. The study seeks to explore "co-development" by looking into its essence (meaning setting) and its conditions of existence (action setting). The findings of this study show that this policy as a process has major intellectuel and practical challenges; therby displaying "co-development", not as an instrumental rhetoric, but as a product of specific institutions on the France-Africa (Sahel) "double space". This analysis examines the interaction of several actors at different levels (local, regional, national, transnational, supranational, international) and public and private sectors which jointly participate in the decision-making process and in the implementation of co-development policy. Specifically, we analyze the construction process of the concept of "co-development" as an international public policy, and the dynamic governmentality of this new political rationality made up of multilevel factors
Royo, Madeline. "Contribution à l'étude de la prescription de l'action publique." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10025.
Full textThe combined action of the legislative and judicial branches has induced a considerable evolution in the limitation of prosecution for a few years. Indeed, because it has to satisfy an extremely strong repressive will, the rules that compose the legal regime of that institution have burst and have become inconsistent, even uncertain. Consequently, many conflicts exist between the institution and its rules today. From then on, it reveals, in a exemplary way, that the limitation of prosecution does not make sense anymore or, at least, that its sense and its objective do not succeed any more in outdoing the pressing considerations of repressive efficiency. In the present study, we propose a new conception of the limitation of prosecution to remedy its current non-sense and restore its institutional nature. Furthermore, conceived as answering the will to forgive what time forbids to judge because of the important risk of error, the limitation of prosecution can witness the evolution of its regime and aim towards a coherence, a stability and, let us hope for it, a perpetuity again
Doubovetzky, Christophe. "L’action culturelle territoriale en droit administratif français." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10035.
Full textThe general theories about the French State functions do not allow the existence of one or several state cultural functions issued by the regional and local authorities to be established or witnessed; that disproves what is most often claimed. The cultural action of the local authorities hence comes out from the implementation of usual functions, and especially the police function as well as the service delivery in a given domain. That’s why one may argue the local cultural action has a peculiar role in the evolution of the various modalities of the state action, of the state conception, and of its regional and local organization; that is testified by its right. The primary purpose of the local cultural action is to serve the State, as the former helps the emergence of the latter, and maintains it. Its involvement in the state legitimation process is demonstrated by its cultural voluntarism in the territories. In these conditions, the action of the local authorities can only stay a priori as circumscribed and subordinated. This conception leads to the analysis of the cultural devolution, and to the notions of cultural decentralisation and cultural cooperation that have been given a specific attention these last years. Yet, local authorities’ interest for culture is an incentive to appropriate the local cultural action and its tools. Thus they can lead their own cultural policy and potentially build around them a global strategy for the development of the territories; this happens in a context shaped by the competitiveness of the territories, the European construction, and the globalization. The revision and the modernization of the public action imply an evolution of the modalities of the local cultural action. The latter, like the claims related to the acknowledgement of the cultural rights, contributes to the mutations of the local organization of the French Republic, and fosters the emergence of one of its new principles: the local differentiation. In fine, the right of the local cultural action, when considered as the tool of the latter, is very insightful about the renewal of classic legal problems linked to the local organization and to the transformation of the public action. Nonetheless, and due to its singularity, the cultural domain cannot be considered solely as an example of those evolutions; it is indeed a part of them
Vitour, Agathe. "Le mandat d’intérêt général : d’un acte condition à une nouvelle logique de l’action publique." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0069.
Full textEver since the treaty of Rome, the European law has organized a derogation of the competition law for undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest founded on the current article 106 § 2 of TFEU, without specifying the conditions of its implementation. Then, diverse case law has been developped. The Commission intervened through Monti-Kroes and Almunia packages to clarify the imlpementation of this derogation. The notion of entrustment is then introduced in the European law for the first time.This notion has been taken back in the article 2 point 2 point j of the EU’s services directive as a derogation of free provision of services for undertakings entrusted with the operation of social services. If the essence of entrustment seems easily recognizable, granting a derogation to the rules of competition law to undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest, its nature is more complex to determine. The entrustment is characterized by the meeting of material and organic criteria : the existence of a SEIG, the necessity of granting a derogation in the rules of competition law and the existence of an act detailing the public service obligations and the compensation mechanism. The entrustment is a sort of « act-condition ». If it seems to allow a nex renewed of the subsidiarity principle, the European institutions control through the manifest error of appreciation. The entrustment is little used in French law and the criteria fixed by the European law are applied in an incorrect way
Mehdi, Houria. "La prescription de l'action publique de l'abus de biens sociaux." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0019.
Full textZoumenou, Anna. "L’action économique des collectivités territoriales pour la transition énergétique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020061/document.
Full textThe conference of the member states of the United nations framework convention about climate change (COP 21) which took place in Paris, december 2015, increased the state’s interest either for the protection of the environment and the ecological transition. From more than a decade, many laws had have the goal to place local authorities into the hearth of this system. Today, the realization of the energy transition is based on a partnership between public authorities, garantor of the public service and private companies mastering engineering and energy techniques. This policy takes place in the story of a new public management, which profoundly changes the way public services are managed
Bassi, Marie. "Mobilisations collectives et recomposition de l’action publique autour de l’enjeu migratoire en Sicile (1986-2012)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0020.
Full textThis thesis analyses the confluence of the migration phenomenon as it emerges in Sicily, the birth of a local network of “pro immigration” activists, connected to the national and European levels, and the reorganiation of public action, based on the delegation of responsibilities in the healthcare and migration sectors to local authorities and non-state actors. Based on fieldwork carried out in Sicily, this research uses conceptual tools taken from migration studies, research on collective mobilisations, public policy and the nonprofit sector. Collective mobilisations in Sicily between 1986 and 2012 are studied: the emergence, structuration and evolution of activist networks are studied, from a socio-historical perspective and an analysis of career trajectories. This activist network works within a larger logic of redeployment of state arrangements, which enables us to examine the multiple relationships that exist between the multitude of state and non-state actors involved in the governance of foreigners in Sicily
Lees, Johanna. "Ethnographier la précarité énergétique : au-delà de l’action publique, des mises à l’épreuve de l’habiter." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0159.
Full textEnergy poverty is at the confluence of housing, welfare and the environment; it is a question of public interest that has been on the political agenda in France for several years. If, at the outset of this research, the term 'energy poverty' had already permeated public policies, applied research and associations, very little was known about the concrete day to day situations this term refers to. Thus, the aim of this thesis has been to redefine the notion of energy poverty through the experience of the people affected by it and, thence, to analyse the mechanisms of state intervention in this field. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first studies the question's emergence into the public spheres in France and the United Kingdom, in today's context; it is based upon the study of documents and interviews with local actors. The second section proposes an ethnographic survey and aims to understand, from the families' point of view, what 'inhabiting' means in an energy poverty situation and, beyond this, the significance of 'being inhabited' by energy poverty. Finally a third section, also based on ethnographic study, deals with the relationships between the interviewees, utility companies, co-owner associations and landlords. It also deals with their relations with the State as beneficiaries of various public programmes destined to combat energy poverty. This section thus aims to establish an anthropology of the relations that those in extreme poverty develop with the State, relations that are described and analysed 'bottom up'
Gustave, Marc. "L’action publique locale à l’épreuve de l’Anthropocène : une étude comparative entre deux territoires littoraux atlantiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROD006.
Full textThe French coastal territories reveal the complexity of the issues related to the Anthropocene. Both attractive and fragile, they must face natural and anthropic pressures from the land and the sea. In this context, a key subject has to do with the management capacities of coastal public action in order to sustain livable territories; its paradigms (New Public Management) are being questioned by critical works in management sciences. Our problem is thus formalized: how does the Anthropocene impact and modify coastal public action? Through a comparative and qualitative study, we study several intra-cases common to both local coastal authorities of La Rochelle and the Pays Basque and then analyze the practices of territorial actors. The case method makes it possible to apprehend in its totality, and by units of analysis, to thus understand a situation of management. The results of this research outline a long-established operating framework as well a sincremental changes in public action, and highlight co-production approaches that could help facing the complexity entailed by the ecological emergency. Organizing and facilitating collaboration, through a ripple effect between different actors, and considering scientific and ecosystem issues, allows for the emergence of increasingly complex solutions. This thesis demonstrates the interest of using a fresh paradigm called New Public Governance, capable of renewing the functioning of coastal public action and meet the challenges of the Anthropocene
Arfaoui, Mehdi. "« Creative Europe » ou l’action publique par projets : enquête sur une modernisation des politiques publiques en Europe." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0165.
Full textThis thesis examines the implementation of Creative Europe, the European cultural funding programme that was adopted in 2013 by the European Union (EU). The research reveals the context and what made possible the reform of european policies for culture, showing how this process is inscribed within a long-term metamorphosis of public action in Europe.Scholarly literature focused on recent EU cultural policy reforms often describes a "neoliberal turning point" associated with a "creative turn". The redefinition of european cultural policies in the name of "creativity" is accompanied by a generalisation of project-based funding as well as the introduction of an entrepreneurial lexicon and tools specific to new public management to oversee the process of subsidising culture. However, this work tends to be limited to analysing the policy changes that are generated by these processes from a conceptual, discursive or a strictly formal perspective. On the contrary, our analysis seeks to question the hypothesis of a "turning point" by exploring the practical implictions of these changes. In doing so, the analysis of the reform of european policy makes it possible to identify the concrete processes that are at work in what tends to be discussed as the "neoliberalisation" of public policies.We connect three levels of analysis: the cognitive frameworks that justify a public policy and its reform, the elaboration of the political instruments that give it substance, and the concrete implementation of the latter. Our theoretical framework combines sociology of justification with political sociology of the instruments of public action and management tools, and sociology of translation. Our material is based on an analysis of the academic literature on the "creative turn" and grey literature produced by the european institutions, as well as a series of ethnographic interviews and observations – including several weeks in the context of a contact desk of the Creative Europe programme and many months in a cultural lobbbying organisation in Brussels.The thesis contributes to demonstrating that this reforming enterprise induces a plural and contradictory appropriation of policies by the involved actors. Rather than the homogenising term of "neoliberalisation", we therefore prefer that of "modernisation" to underline the conflicts and the compromises that emerge from this incongrous process of appropriation. At each of the three levels of observation, we reveal the efforts made by actors to interpret, model and renegotiate the meaning of the reforms locally. We show the disagremeents around what a "good" cultural policy is and the work of interpreting the programme at the desks of european institutions, or even the malleability of the meaning that is given to the notion of "project". We highlight how project-based funding is transforming not only the working arrangements of cultural organisations that receive such funding but also their ability to develop a critical stance towards EU policy
Louis-Jeune, Manès. "La paradiplomatie dans le droit de l’action publique internationale des collectivités infraétatiques : exemple de la Caraïbe." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0153/document.
Full textParadiplomacy is an innovative concept in international relations. It is the doctrine that tries to define this notion from the conceptual point of view. Thus, its definition varies from one author to another. And the themes that determine its scope are not exactly defined. It encompasses decentralized cooperation, twinning and cross-border cooperation. It occupies a prominent place in the law of local authorities in France, in particular the French departments of America, in their relations with their Caribbean counterparts. The various paradiplomatic actions of these communities contribute to sustainable development in the Caribbean basin. It is a real tool for communities to raise the torch of French diplomacy in the Caribbean. In this perspective, it does not compete with French diplomacy, but complement it. It is heavily regulated from a legal and institutional point of view. Indeed, national legislation, EU law and international law determine its implementation and its limits. Institutions at national and international levels provide an informational framework and possibly financial support. However, paradiplomacy impacts local governance
Hekal, Ayman Abd El Hady Mohamed. "La prescription de l'action publique en droit français, droit égyptien et droit musulman." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100207.
Full textThe positive law (French and Egyptien) and the Musulman law accepted the principle of the prescription of the public action. But the theory of the prescription of the public action in Musulman law is appointed « the no audition of the public action because of the prescription of testimony who drags prescription of the public action then». The positive law (French and Egyptien) and the Musulman law agrees concerning that the prescription of the public action. She won't have any effect on the nature of the criminal act or on the elements of the infringement, since his effect limits to the extinction of the public action or of no audition of this action. The prescription of the public action is founded in law French and Egyptien, on the [dépérissement] of the proofs, the sanction of the carelessness of public ministry, the presumption of the renunciation of public ministry, the incitement to the acceleration of the activity of the State, the punishment by the fear, the presumption of repenting and of the amendment of guilty, the change of the personal identity of delinquent, the lapse of memory, the preponderance of right and the stability of the legal element. But in Moslem right, the prescription found on the idea of doubt who carries on the depositions of witness after the out-flow of a while, because the witness could have forgotten a left some facts. That's why, the prescription of the public action in Musulman law is bound to the proof who then drags the prescription of the public action. She is a general principle but is not absolute. In the positive law and the Musulman law « in matter of Taazir», the prescription of the public action is a general principle because, she applies to all the same infringements the most serions. But ibis principle finds some exceptions in French law, Egyptien law and Musulman law. The prescription of the public action, in French law and Egyptien law, forbids to inflict al[ leaves pains to him charged. On the contrary in Musulman law, the prescription of the public action allows to submit it charged, after the expiration of right of pursuit, to some measurements of safety (for example the living interdiction or the extrusion). She lasted some time limits of the prescription of the public action in positive law are long that in Musulman law. The time limit is determined per one year or per six month or per one month. In Musulman law, the prescription of the public action could be suspended by some legitimate obstacles preventing the victim (the claimant) of doing exercises his action. Finally, the prescription, though she is again submissive to some imperfect rules, made proof of his utility and of his efficiency. She merit therefore of disappearing, but of having improven
Godoy-Hidalgo, Maria Cosette. "Mesurer l’action publique : les dimensions politiques de la mise en place des instruments de mesure de la performance publique au Chili (1990-2010)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH025.
Full textLike other capitalist democracies, Chile has implemented performance measurement instruments to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public action. Under the influence of the New Public Management paradigm, the governments of the Centre-Left Coalition (1990-2010) have put in place tools from the private sector to ensure standards of objectivity, impartiality and performance in the public sector. Through the approach of government sciences and public action instrumentation and following the hypothesis put forward by Pierre Lascoumes and Patrick Le Galès questioning the neutrality of these tools, this PhD thesis work questions the political dimensions of the implementation of public management and performance measurement tools in Chile. As such, we will analyze the importance of the political context in the implementation and translation of these instruments to the Chilean reality, the challenges of their implementation, and their effects on the power and accountability relationships between the different actors who participated in their implementation. To achieve this, the research uses data from semi-directive interviews with stakeholders as secondary sources such as government speeches and official documents
Ramel, Viviane. "Les technologies numériques en santé face aux inégalités sociales et territoriales : une sociologie de l’action publique comparée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0053.
Full textThe link between digital health and equity is seldom studied, even less are the policies which tackle both issues, and this despite governments being urged to implement health-and-equity-in-all-policies strategies. This thesis has studied whether and how governments and health systems’ stakeholders address this linkage. Specifically, this piece of population health interventional and political science research has been based upon a qualitative study design and comparative public policy analysis of territories from four countries (France, Canada, Spain & England) since 2015. Data were gathered from official and various stakeholders’ documents and through interviews with key stakeholders in e-health and health equity fields. Digital health policy has been institutionalized to varying degrees in the four so-called developed countries focussed on. However, equity in digital health issue has not been placed on the political agenda, although it is acknowledged that digital health use can increase social health inequalities (SHI), in terms of unfair access, use, understanding and adoption of technologies. In the four territories, when (rarely) dealt with, digital inclusion is tackled through a set of instruments, by actors involved in several fora which coproduce public interventions on digital health, SHI and digital inclusion. Each mode of instrumentation of public action is affected by previous local institutions, along with actors’ interests and preconceptions about the issues involved. Our study proposes a conceptual framework for public action and policy implementation as regards digital health and equity in four territories. This study has been designed to be useful for analyzing policies in other settings and for suggesting strategies that could be directly implemented in the field
Ollivier, Boris. "Quand les vétérinaires et les animaux font l'Europe : l’action publique européenne en santé animale, une institutionnalisation fragmentée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0015.
Full textBetween 1961 and 1998, veterinarians and legal experts within the European Commission’s DG for Agriculture developed a community framework for animal health, with a view to achieving ex ante harmonisation and to implementing the internal market with as few health issues as possible hampering the circulation of animals and animal products. In the 1990s, their monopoly over these issues and their vertical approach to diseases and species were challenged by supporters of a holistic approach to product safety and of systematic risk analysis, working at the DG (retirer "for") Industry and, after the 1997-1999 BSE crisis, preparing their transfer to the DG (retirer "for") Health and Consumers (SANCO). This history shows how, up until 2007, the delegation to a profession of the process of institutionalising its own sector revealed (by implication) internal divisions and finally led to a “fragmented institutionalisation” of several relatively autonomous community sectors: animal health, food safety and the protection of animals. We analyse the hierarchical struggles between these segments and the evolution of the actors, who, from corporatist veterinarian pioneers, have now essentially become European civil servants
Breton-Rahali, Céline. "Le secret professionnel et l’action médico-sociale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0355.
Full textProfessional confidentiality, understood as the obligation not to reveal certain information, is the subject of a number of exceptions. Its study within the particular context of specialised institutions reveals a number of issues. First, professionals working together from different disciplines are each subject to a different patchwork of applicable standards. As a result, it is necessary to clarify these rules, both within the interests of professionals and health-care users. Second, the effectiveness of patient care requires coordination between different professionals based upon shared confidentiality within the same department or health-care centre. Collaboration between professionals is an issue not only affecting the quality of care but also one of economics which allows for the effective management of the supply of health and social care within a given area. As a major challenge of public health policy, such coordination provokes a consideration of the adaptation of the existing legal framework and that of the organisation of the means of sharing confidential patient information within the health care system as a whole for both medical and social care services. This thesis makes a proposal for the necessary amendments to the current legislative framework for derogating from the general principle of confidentiality to allow for an exchange of information between professionals involved in the care of a patient. The evolution of shared confidentiality for the benefit of the patient requires an emphasis upon determining the most highly protective regime for patients without compromising the reality – and constraints – of providing effective health care
Bissou, William II Paulin. "Approche par les instruments de l’action publique au Cameroun : le cas de la planification urbaine des villes de Douala et Yaoundé." Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMD003.
Full textThis Phd thesis focuses on public policy instruments for urban planning in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé. It is part of the dynamics of political research in Africa. It questions the trajectory of the state through its deployment in a concrete area of public policy, which is urban planning.Two geographical locations were mobilized to carry out this study, namely Douala the economic capital of the country and Yaounde the political capital.46 interviews, the collection of archival and working documents, as well as the non-participant observation were used to build an analysis of the political sociology based on the relations between the rulers and the ruled. The main results of the study concern a form of reappropriation of public action instruments and a contextualization of urban planning based on the specific realities of each territory. The development of public policy instruments as well as their mobilization within the framework of planning evolves according to the nature of the state. This instrument-based approach provides a comprehensive view of the urban planning sector and the development policies developed by Cameroon from the colonial era till date. This urban planning policy, which emerges in the colonial context, is primarily a territorial before becoming sectored policy with the establishment of the FIDES plans. The post-independent state will inherit this sector orientation. Faced with recurrent difficulties and considering the contemporary challenges of urban governance, the trend is now towards a (re) territorialization of this public action
Simon, Eva. "L’action publique locale sur les copropriétés dégradées : des politiques publiques différenciées et inégales à Lyon, Marseille et Grenoble." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH006/document.
Full textHow does public policies act towards so-called « dilapidated condominium »? In France, housing in « copropriété » (condominium, CIDs or HOA in English) becomes common in the 60s and 70s. In the late 70s, a few local public actors address the problem of some multi-owned residential developments facing a bundle of difficulties, such as decrease in real estate values, poorer inhabitants and owners, lacks in maintenance or management conflicts. In 1994-1996, the concept of « copropriétés dégradées » (dilapidated condominiums) enter in French national laws and public policies. Both laws and public policies are reinforced in the 2000s and 2010s, creating what seems to be one of the most developed program aiming poor multi-owned residential developments in OCDE countries.This PhD is based on an international literature review (the first one about difficulties faced by multi-owned housing) on archives stored by local authorities of 3 agglomerations (Lyon, Marseille, Grenoble) and on 50 interviews. It tracks local public policies towards so-called “copropriétés dégradées” at a building, communal and intercommunal level during 40 years (1975-2014). The research shows how residential developments were investigated, categorised and invested by local authorities in Lyon, Marseille and Grenoble.The proposed results are related to both condominium management and French public policies. A new form of condominium management, called malevolent management, is observed and conceptualised. The growing difference between Marseillian and Parisian degraded condominium (facing major safety issues) and Lyon’ and Grenoble’ ones (facing refurbishment issues) is documented and linked to the differences between the local public policies. The role of the national policy is also discussed: instead of reducing the differences between cities, it appears to enhance them
Aubert, Plard Amélie. "Regards croisés sur l’expérience prénatale : anthropologie de la santé reproductive et de l’action publique à El Alto (Bolivie)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100143.
Full textDespite many changes in the health sector during the three past decades, maternal mortality is still presented as "a public health issue" by the Bolivian government. The institutional mechanisms (free care, interculturalism, cash transfers) set up to attract pregnant and/or childbearing age women into public health facilities haven’t reached the expected results.From an ethnographic field survey carried out in the Andean city of El Alto for more than 19 months between 2013 and 2015, this thesis explores the reasons for this relative immobilism by confronting discourses, representations, and practices of the actors involved in the preconception period, the pregnancy and the childbirth. The analysis is developed upon the encounter of two viewpoints: on one side, the healthcare offer deployment, and, on the other, the women’s stories.After presenting the relational and organizational dimensions of the biomedical standards and their contradictions, it is, then, a matter of bringing to light the actors' games and stakes that emanate from the prenatal daily experience among the parturients: reproductive status, "problem" of adolescent pregnancy, family planning, abortion, body transformation, risk management, and choice of the place for childbirth. It is in the mirroring of these two approaches that the cluster of reasons contributing to explain the deadlocks of public health is revealed, as well as the entanglement of the social, cultural and political logics at work during the prenatal period in Bolivian urban context
Benoit, Maude. "Reconfiguration de l’État et renouvellement de l’action publique agricole : L’évolution des politiques agroenvironnementales au Québec et en France." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD048/document.
Full textSince the 1990s, environmental issues in agriculture have increasingly become a public policy problem in industrialized countries, notwithstanding the fact that they are integrated very differently in their respective agricultural policies. Based on this observation, this research seeks to explain the various national institutionalization and evolution paths of the so-called agri-environmental policy through a comparative analysis between Quebec and France. The analytical framework considers both the structures and the policy actors in the agri-environmental policy construction by studying specifically two variables: the configuration of agricultural policies and the role of public administrations. This qualitative research investigates a long time frame (1990-2013) and combines three data collection methods: content analysis, discourse analysis and semi-structured interviews. This thesis shows that traditional agricultural policy key players (agricultural administrations and agricultural professional organizations) act as filters of reformist ideas present globally and that they “acclimate” both the sustainable development paradigm and the new public management paradigm to the specificities of their countries and of their public policy sector
Granier, Benoit. "Circulations transnationales et transformations de l’action publique : la mobilisation des sciences comportementales dans la politique énergétique japonaise (2010-2016)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2046/document.
Full textIn recent years, changing individual behaviours has become a key issue for public policy, which has been mobilising new bodies of knowledge, namely behavioural sciences. These are explicitly and increasingly used in Japan’s energy policy in order to lower household energy consumption, in the context of both the Fukushima nuclear disaster and the liberalisation of the energy markets. My dissertation investigates the explanatory factors and the implementation of this significant change in a policy domain which was so far marked by a techno-economic approach paying little attention to behavioural issues. Drawing on theoretical and methodological perspectives from public policy analysis and policy transfer studies, I analyse the genesis and the implementation of two large-scale programs: first, the smart grid social experiments named Smart Communities; second, the Opower’s Home Energy Reports pilot study. Building on about eighty semi-structured interviews and on a wide variety of written sources, I emphasise the major role played by transnational circulations in the design and the implementation of these programs, and more broadly in Japan’s energy policy.I argue that the mobilisation of behavioural sciences in Japan’s energy policy results from manifolds factors which question the opposition between the endogenous and exogenous nature of policy change, as well as the distinction between domestic and extranational factors. Indeed, the use of this body of knowledge can be explained by the strategies of a few stakeholders who achieved to introduce new policy ideas and tools coming from abroad, in response to issues faced by the Japanese Government. Through a micro-sociological analysis of their strategies, I suggest to endogenize the explanation of policy change while integrating exogenous factors and extranational dynamics. The mobilisation of behavioural sciences in Japan’s energy policy results inseparably from the expansion of this body of knowledge in academia and in public policy in the US and in Europe; from the strategies of transnational, Japanese and American stakeholders; and from the stringency of climate and energy problems in Japan. The US plays a central role in the transnational circulation of behavioural sciences in the energy field, which can be explained by the “practical” and “consensual” dimension of these sciences
Demeyère, Caroline. "Gouvernance publique et collaboration gouvernements-associations dans l’action publique : approche ethnographique des dynamiques relationnelles dans le champ des politiques d’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes (1981-2020)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100068.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study the collaboration between governments and non-profit organizations in policy-making, conceived as a process in which existing intersectoral relationships are transformed by the actors' practices and their interactions. A neo-institutionalist theoretical framework, focusing on the concepts of Strategic Action Field, institutional work and interactions, is used to articulate the micro-level of collaborative practices with collaboration emerging at a meso-level, and with public governance at a macro-level. The adopted methodology is an organizational ethnography, with a 3-year immersion in a field bringing together public and non-profit actors around gender equality public policy making in a French region. The doctoral student has used a double academic and non-profit position to observe relational dynamics between governmental and non-profit actors. She has held administrative responsibilities and has volunteered in a professional equality training association. She was also a member of an open collaboration structure between the State and the Social and Solidarity Economy actors whose aim is to promote equality between women and men through and in associative life. The study combines a retrospective longitudinal perspective by tracing the evolution of government-association relations from the first regional public policies in 1981 with a study of government-association collaboration as an ongoing process between 2016 and 2020. Three results are exposed. First, there is a diversity of associative and governmental strategies adopted with regards to collaboration, explained by the positions of actors within the fields and the organizational impacts of collaboration. A typology of these strategies is proposed. Secondly, the governance of collaboration is doubly embedded in a hierarchical and a market logic, which raises difficulties and paradoxes for the actors. Their work to articulate collaboration with preexisting logics in their institutional environment is described. Thirdly, the advent of a collaborative paradigm of public action separate from New Public Management appears to be conditioned by the transformation of public actors’ role, responsibilities and working methods, of intersectoral relationships management tools, and of public policies funding. The construction of a collaborative public management ethic should focus on valuing and preserving the diversity and differences of associative partners and on the redefinition of the consensus/conflict dialectic
Quignon, Emilie. "Une approche intégrée pour l’action publique territoriale : l’exemple des zones d’activités économiques dans le Rhône, les Ardennes et le Vaucluse." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30013/document.
Full textThe French public territorial action has to be rationalized: At the beginning of the eighties begins decentralization of power toward the local authorities. It keeps on today and is completed by a wish of simplification. Besides, French public action faces today to more and more restricted financial capacities. Rationalization of French public intervention is so, more than ever, at stake. The present work aims at defining a frame of comprehension and intervention for a more efficient public action based on the concept of “integration”. This thesis offers a definition of “integration” organized around three axes: the French Public Action has first to take in account diversity of stakes (competitiveness, attractiveness, sustainability), then the combination of territorial scales (fitted and muddled), and diversity of perception of time by the different actors who constitute the territory. This work leans on the example of “trading estate” in three French localities Ardennes, Rhône and Vaucluse. “Trading Estate” seems to be a “has been” form of economic town planning because of the lack of mixity and their low architectural quality. “Trading estates” represent a weak part of jobs on a territory (15-20%), however it stays a relatively often mobilized public policy. More generally speaking, public policies concerning economic development constitute a relevant field to explore the concept of “Integration” because all scales of local and regional authorities intervene in matter of economic development. Besides, it contains at the same time economic, social and environmental stakes. To go further, the frame of comprehension and intervention which is here proposed should be applied and experimented in real conditions and maybe in other fields of public policies
Leprêtre, Nicolas. "Les transformations de l’action publique au prisme des réseaux électriques intelligents. Le cas des expérimentations de smart communities au Japon." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN033/document.
Full textAs smart grids’ experiments and smart cities are spreading through the world, this doctoral thesis questions the reconfigurations that have been affecting public action about energy issues since the appearance of these technological innovations. Through an analysis of energy policy tools and case studies of the governance of four ‘smart communities’ demonstration projects in Japan, my goal is to understand how the State redefines its role and its process of interaction with local governments and private actors. My main contribution is to analyze the practice of experimentation as an emerging tool of local policies, in response to major transformation that affect energy policies. Based on a neo-institutionalist approach, I highlight that the introduction of smart grids is based on continuities in terms of policymaking process and cognitive frames, while the policy tools used to implement smart grids are characterized by a ‘gradual institutional change’. Through an analysis of the first ‘smart communities’ demonstration projects that have been implemented by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) between 2010 and 2015 in Yokohama, Toyota, Kyōto Keihanna et Kitakyūshū, I study the influence of experimentations in the implementation of local energy policies and in the interactions between the State and local actors. My case studies show that proactive local actors took over experiment as a way of enhancing the exemplariness of their territory and “best practices”. From a strategic point of view, this approach aims at attracting public and private funding, but in an institutional perspective, it also reveals how the State positions itself in order to increase its control over territorialized energy policies by promoting experimentation projects according to its strategies. I use the notion of ‘meta-governor’ and ‘governing by distance’ as a way of describing the measures implemented by the METI and other ministries to give room for manoeuvre to local actors and to grant concessions that fits with their strategies, while controlling over this process in order to maintain the general structure of the grid
Healy, Aisling. "Le gouvernement privé de l’action publique urbaine : sociologie politique de la « gouvernance métropolitaine » du Grand Lyon (fin du XXe siècle)." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/healy_a.
Full textSince the end of the 1990s, metropolitan representatives and metropolitan agents have claimed that Greater Lyon's method of government can be labelled as “governance” for it is now characterized by the implementation of policies that directly involve the “civil society”. Erected to the status of emblem of Lyon, this “governance” would contribute to the international prestige of this city and promote its economic development. However, the two policies of so-called “governance” that are examined in this research work, do not address the transformations of the modes of metropolitan regulation this word is meant to sum up. Far from engaging with participatory actions on behalf of a number of different local actors in issues related to local economic development, these two policies reproduce a certain institutionalised way of cooperating with a very narrow group of actors, namely the official representatives of private firms who are thus raised to the rank of official partners of the metropolitan institution. Furthermore, since the 1970s, the ability of the metropolitan representatives and metropolitan agents to deal with local economic policies has mainly relied on such a close association with these representatives of the private sector. If the latter are highly competitive amongst themselves in the economic marketplace, they nonetheless manage to come together and form decision-making entities directed towards action in the public domain. The positions and roles of the metropolitan representatives and metropolitan agents are still nevertheless most important in the conduct of this private government of urban public action
Giusti, Igor. "Changer d’angle de vue pour concevoir autrement l’action publique ? Le cas des déserts médicaux au prisme des parcours de soins." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM054.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the concept of medical desert. Despite widespread use of the word by the media and political representatives, identifying medical deserts is far from easy for public authorities. Spotting inequalities in access to health services requires to identify users’ needs wherever they live. However, health needs are individualized. Besides, an individual does not fully know his needs. We must therefore understand how public authorities themselves appreciate this object and how they design actions accordingly to regulate care access. This is our purpose in this dissertation. We led an action research with the Regional Health Agency of Corsica in order to analyze how public actions are designed to regulate care access inequalities. We show in particular how the care pathway approach can highlight the diversity of inequalities in a medical desert thanks to a more global modeling of health needs. Fighting medical deserts is no longer limited to guaranteeing the presence of health professionals locally. It also relies on ensuring equality between citizens in the continuity of their care pathway. Yet, territories and individuals specificities suggest a strong heterogeneity between these pathways, which is difficult to manage at a national level. We then evaluate feasibility of a bottom-up innovative public action to reduce inequalities in care access. Through a slow, fragile and complex process, local actions can still address territorial specificities without ignoring a national regulatory and institutional framework. However, multiplying these proximity experiments requires new national-level criteria to select and rank projects. Hence, we recommend methods often used to manage the exploration of the unknown
Bonvalet, Perrine. "De l’urgence politique à la gestion de l’action publique : construire et institutionnaliser l’accès aux traitements du VIH/sida au Bénin." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0027/document.
Full textHIV/AIDS’s framing as an exceptional epidemicled to the building of AIDS policies around theconcept of political urgency and enabled the implementationof antiretroviral treatment policiesin sub-Saharan Africa at the beginning of the2000s. Ten years later, however, increasinglymassive access to medical care has graduallyturned HIV/AIDS into a chronic disease whoselong term characteristics contribute to challengingthe concept of political urgency as the basisof these policies.Drawing on a case study of Benin, this thesisquestions the implications of AIDS’s “chronicization”and the emergence of long term issues inthe AIDS treatment policy process. Using thesociology of public action, in relation to the conceptof “institutional work”, this thesis analyzesthe processes and actors entailed in this work.Analyzing AIDS’s framing as an exceptionalpolitical problem and the institutionalization ofthis policy highlights the difficulties faced by nationaland international actors to grasp what isat stake when initial problem framing becomeschallenged. Such actors tend strongly to keep onacting within the original problem framing whilethe “objective” characteristics of the problem areconstantly evolving. At the center of the institutionalizingprocess under study here has beena network of biomedical actors organized arounda program by the French Cooperation. This policy’scharacteristics has led our research to underlinethe central role played by expertise in thedecision-making process and the actor interactionsthat have developed around its use. Questioningboth policy-building and institutionalizingprocesses, this thesis emphasizes actors andmultilevel dynamics as central to contemporarypolicy-making
Ulriksen, Moretti Constanza. "L’action publique en faveur des quartiers défavorisés au Chili (2006-2010) : généalogie et développement des nouvelles approches territoriale et participative." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20123/document.
Full textOne of the Chilean governments priorities between 1990 and 2005 was the reduction of the housing deficit. Progress has been significant quantitatively, but not qualitatively. In this context, the first Bachelet administration has implemented New housing policy of quality improvement and social integration, which includes the first rehabilitation program for distressed neighborhoods, Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB). A first research stage reconstructs the genealogy and formulation of the PQMB, and a second examines its development, in particular through a case study of two neighborhoods. The results show that a social integration within the territories took precedence over an urban social integration of the neighborhoods in relation to the rest of the city. PQMB appears as a participatory program to improve public spaces, which contains a dialectical process coming from the decisions and practices of all actors involved. However, PQMB has achieved a paradigm shift from quantity to quality in terms of Chilean housing policies, as well as the introduction of citizen participation as an indispensable process. Rather than a comprehensive territorial approach, a territorialization of public spending is observed, which is nonetheless never sufficient to tackle the complexity of the problem. We thus identify three imperatives for the Chilean rehabilitation of disadvantaged neighborhoods: the development of a collaborative institutional support system, rich and varied; a real interdisciplinary work; and a permanent exchange between researchers and practitioners
Una de las prioridades de los gobiernos chilenos entre 1990 y 2005 fue la reducción del déficit habitacional. Los progresos han sido significativos en el plano cuantitativo, pero no así en el cualitativo. En este contexto, la primera administración de Bachelet implementó la Nueva Política Habitacional de Mejoramiento de la Calidad y la Integración Social, que incluye el primer programa de recuperación de barrios vulnerables, Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB). Una primera etapa de investigación reconstruye la genealogía y formulación del PQMB, y una segunda examina su desarrollo, particularmente a partir de un estudio de caso de dos barrios. Los resultados indican que una integración social al interior de los territorios primó por sobre una integración social urbana de los barrios respecto al resto de la ciudad. El PQMB aparece como un programa participativo de mejoramiento de espacios públicos, resultado que encierra un proceso dialéctico derivado de las decisiones y prácticas de todos los actores implicados. No obstante, el PQMB logró cambiar el referencial de las políticas habitacionales, de la satisfacción de la cantidad a la consideración de estándares de calidad, así como también introducir la participación como un proceso indispensable. En lugar de un enfoque territorial integral, se observa una territorialización del gasto público que nunca es suficiente para satisfacer la complejidad del problema. La tesis identifica tres imperativos para la recuperación de barrios vulnerables en Chile: el desarrollo de un sistema de apoyo institucional y de colaboración, rico y variado, un auténtico trabajo interdisciplinario, y una práctica de intercambio permanente entre investigadores y profesionales ejecutores
Bekelynck, Anne. "Les entreprises privées dans l’action publique de lutte contre le VIH/sida en Côte d’Ivoire : un acteur comme les autres ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB178/document.
Full textBy the end of the 1990s in sub-Saharan Africa, huge companies in the private sector commenced the implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes for the benefit of their employees. From the early 2000s, these companies have been invited to pursue efforts to also engage as partners in prevention and treatment policies, alongside other diverse actors: states, international organisations, NGOs, health professionals, civil society, etc. These private initiatives are usually reported as rational strategies aimed at preserving the “human capital” and productivity of the organisations. Approaching this study from a political sociology perspective, this PhD dissertation analyses the interaction of the bioeconomic, political, social and symbolic rationales that have underpinned the mobilisation of private companies in the struggle against HIV/AIDS in Ivory Coast. This research also explores the modalities and effects of this unprecedented “publicisation” of a private actor within the context of wider public health action at a local level. This study is supported by qualitative investigation conducted among 30 private companies in Ivory Coast. In addition, series of in-depth interviews were conducted with various actors involved in the HIV/AIDS sector (international organisations, the government, physicians, employees living with HIV/AIDS, civil society, etc.). Furthermore, an asymmetrical comparison with Cameroon has benefited this research by helping to confirm and refine the hypothesis. Global rhetoric advocating the synergy of public-private partnership has indeed supported the mobilisation of private companies in the fight against HIV/AIDS. By examining public action in regard to private companies, this research highlights the paradoxes of multisectoral policies. It demonstrates how these private actors, through the dynamics of politicisation, tend to be “de-differentiated” from other actors, thereby erasing their characteristics (social model, employee vulnerabilities, differentiated access to public health)
Grelier, Francine. "Vers une théorie de l’action associative : la praxis de l’éducation populaire : l’étude de cas de l’animation socioculturelle citoyenne." Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481315/fr/.
Full textThe popular education is a collective apprenticeship, aiming at competency in diagnosis, rational analysis and critical awareness of the active citizenhip allowing each person to consciously understand his own particular social experience. The sociocultural animation leaders are general practitioners involved in treating relationship disorder through dialogue and a working interactive partnership in order to re-enforce or change the social link. There is a subtle alchemy in the relationship between volunteers and professionals in order to generate a collective skill : social partnership, the basis of which is built on common values in the construction of a political project. Non-formal learning systems need to be recognized as having an underlying educational purpose within inter-generational social groups, in life-long permanent education, in cultural democracy and in active citizenship. Associating with others gives opportunities for self-training in close surroundings, primarily through active listening and cooperation, debating citizen needs, elaborating constructive analyses on social and political action and proposing alternative answers. Educating citizens is about confering skills in discussion allowing people to understand specific issues and to debate various measures offering satisfactory solutions. Being able to solve problems comes from evaluating, experimenting, taking risks together and making choices after deliberation. Thinking and exchanging helps to bring knowledge about specific situations and a way of looking at reality that confers meaning and tolerance. Having the capacity to evaluate different contexts gives the possibility of imagining measures which could modify the environment and inherent social inequality
Bastoen, Julien. "L’Art contre l’État ? : la trajectoire architecturale du Musée du Luxembourg dans la construction de l’illégitimité de l’action artistique publique, 1848-1920." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1075/document.
Full textThis dissertation in architectural history argues that the architectural trajectory of the Luxembourg Museum in Paris was one of the main reasons why the French public art policy was considered as unwarranted and illegitimate. The Luxembourg Museum, whose collections are now scattered in various Parisian and provincial institutions, became in 1818 the world's first museum of contemporary art, by the will of King Louis XVIII. From the beginning, its aim was to feed the Louvre with recent and national art. The symbiotic relationship between these two museums, which was based on the principle of communicating vessels, was a paradigm for new museums in Europe and North America, until the first third of the twentieth century. Although the main mission of the Luxembourg Museum was to assert the superiority of French art face to that of other European nations, it was long criticized not only because it did not reflect the diversity of artistic trends, but also because the conditions under which its collections were stored and exhibited were unworthy of Paris' attractiveness and influence. Through the analysis of primary sources, press reviews and parliamentary papers, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the mobilization of different categories of stakeholders within and outside the artistic field led to an increasing distrust of public art policy. Leading artists represented in the museum, influential journalists from daily and art newspapers, art and patrons societies, citizens and merchant associations, promoted mobilization against through speeches, petitions, surveys or media campaigns. Even the museum professionals themselves were powerless against complicated bureaucratic procedures, shoestring budgets for national museums, and unsuitable storage and exhibition spaces, and ended up questioning the role of the French state in art policy. The negative image of the role of the French state was shaped at key moments and recurring events: the re-hanging of the collection, the display of a new gift or bequest, discussions about the annual budget of the ministry of Fine-Arts, World Fairs, preventive conservation matters, and rumors. However, the most critical moments coincided with the questioning of the very existence of the museum, with the threat of its uprooting, or the formalization and implementation of resettlement, extension or reconstruction schemes. Each of these events crystallized themes and issues that polarized most of the criticisms aired at the public art policy. We identified four major topics in this debate: the shameful absence of a purpose-built museum of contemporary art in Paris; the Governement's inability to raise funds to finally resolve the architectural issue; the lack of consensus on the future museum's location issue; the contradiction between the recognition of the curators' skills in architectural design and the inability of their administration to give them the opportunity to apply them. The main paradox is that although the public art policy was more and more considered as inaccurate and illegitimate, most of the artistic field helped the Government to resolve the ‘Luxembourg issue' and build a monument worthy of the nation
Glais, Estelle. "Le contrôle français des opérateurs économiques : Pour un meilleur équilibre entre le renforcement de l’action publique et le respect des droits fondamentaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G011.
Full textThe powers and enforcement methods used by the french economic control authorities constantly changed since the beginning of the 00s. In many aspects, these new prerogatives and approach have raised concern, as the amount of sanctions imposed to the operators exploded. One of the problems relies in the fact that, willing to foster a quicker and more effective public action, the legislator accepted to give more autonomy to the authorities, especially vis a vis the courts and judges. Thus facilitating the concentration of powers in the sole hands of the control authorities, which in many branches of economical regulation, are now able both to prosecute and impose penalties. However, since 1992, a growing array of fundamental rights have been attributed to the economic operators as legal persons, especially the right to have a fair trial, and to have access to legal recourse. The aim of our research, is to determine how the equilibrium between the law enforcement and the respect of this fundamental rights could be improved. After analysing the different hard spots in the procedures of the french authorities regarding fundamental rights, several solutions are proposed, classified in two categories: Upstream, the measures that could be taken to improve the legal security of economic operators in France ; The more targeted measures to be taken regarding the major hard spots in the authorities powers and procedures
De, Coninck Amandine. "Faire de l’action publique une action collective : expertise et concertation pour la mise en œuvre des continuités écologiques sur les rivières périurbaines." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1078/document.
Full textBiodiversity preservation and water management policies (WFD, Grenelle 1 and 2) require local stakeholders to restore ecological corridors and natural functions of rivers and aquatic environments. Implementing this measure on semi-artificial rivers in the Ile-de-France region can be an issue. In this context, river managers use dams to regulate the water level and to prevent floods. Therefore, they are reluctant to remove them. We made the assumption that those controversies about ecological continuity were mostly due to the diversity of expertise and representation of nature management. Therefore, we conducted two participative procedures to discuss those types of expertise and representations, on two different rivers in the Ile-de-France region: the Morin River and the Orge River. We studied the effects of those procedures and their ability to create collective action in order to restore continuities. On the Morin River, a companion modeling process was conducted to debate about longitudinal ecological continuity, associating scientists, elected representatives and user representatives (kayakers, fishermen). Using a model, participants shared their knowledge and representations of the river, to build a compromise between different management options. On the Orge River, a citizen jury was conducted to debate about green and blue corridors, involving elected representatives, river managers and citizens. We observed and analyzed debates and knowledge sharing during those procedures. We studied how ecological continuity could be implemented in suburban areas and how it could become a collective action involving all stakeholders. We compared participants' positions before and after the debates. Sharing expertise through those procedures led the participants to learn about the river, its functioning and about others. It helped elucidating values and representation of each participant, facilitating the common understanding of their position. A common representation of the system was built and uncertainties were debated. Therefore, the technical subject of ecological continuity became more explicit and more political. Those procedures didn't have a direct impact on political and management decisions. However, they facilitated the appropriation and legitimation of the concept of ecological continuity. We observed more trust between participants and the collective dynamics of discussions was improved. Therefore, to a certain extent, these procedures changed a technical concept for a socio-technical object, and turned this public policy into a collective action
Boirot, Jennifer. "Experts psychiatres et crimes sexuels en Europe : De la scène judiciaire à l’action publique : Etude comparée : Angleterre, Espagne, Roumanie, Suède et France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV021/document.
Full textThis comparative study, both transnational and transdisciplinary, allows to sketch out a portrait of “the European forensic psychiatrist”. Observation of the dynamics in the construction of expertise provides a good understanding of the forensic psychiatrist’s role and of the issues involved in his mission at each stage of the procedure (from investigation to trial, from assignment of a case to the drafting of the forensic report). Immersion in the working routine of forensic psychiatrists (observing forensic examinations, reading reports, interviews) as well as in the daily routine of the justice system (observing hearings, reading criminal records, interviews), allows a dynamic analysis furthering knowledge on the role of the forensic psychiatrist in the criminal proceedings dealing with sexual offences. This approach confronts the rigor of criminal law ruling the criminal process with the practical realities of its enforcement. This research examines the transformation of the role of the forensic psychiatrist in public policies, under the effect of the conceptual changes that have affected the perception of sexual crime and the risk of recidivism. From the judicial arena to public policies, a new figure of the forensic psychiatrist emerges in Europe
Collinet-Ourthe, Mathilde. "Analyses et perspectives du pilotage de l’action sociale : recherches-interventions à l’échelle locale." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2086.
Full textPublic management of complex social problems is associated with social pluralism and takes place in a decentralized context disrupting their collective understanding and treatment. This doctoral research – through an exploratory approach along the way and based on three different French local Social Action Centers and one Departmental Council – investigates possible ways of improving the definition and management of local social action. Using an abductive methodology that brings theory and practice into constant dialogue, three research-interventions and one participant observation are gradually mobilized. First, the formalization of the Social Needs Analysis (Analyse des Besoins Sociaux) through a participatory project (collective problematization and knowledge creation) shows a paradox: the desire of stakeholders to see inter-organizational transversality penetrate daily professional practices versus managerial habits which are quite incompatible with these forms of democratic deliberation, ignoring the results of collective activity or illegitimating its construction process. Secondly, in the face of new practical opportunities revealed in action, and using the concept of community of inquiry, the doctoral research clarifies the conditions for the emergence and animation of sustainable collective action, in particular the dialogical activity mediated by the interest of the publics of social action; the existence of physical spaces dedicated to its practice; taking the time respecting professional alterities and the presence of a leader-mediator. The thesis enlightens that the search for this fragile form of cooperation, by its capacity to disrupt habits in action, represents a promising way of innovative management applied to social public policies
Gely, Mary. "L’action extérieure des collectivités territoriales françaises : étude de la mise en œuvre d’une action publique transsectorielle, vecteur d’articulation entre territoires et scène extérieure." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH001/document.
Full textThe goal of this doctoral research is to highlight the reasons and how local authorities implement their foreign actions. Indeed, in spite of a tense context, local authorities continue to develop international actions. While the concepts of reciprocity and “win-win” partnership are emphasized in official speeches, we will wonder about the impact of these foreign actions for local French territories. Is there a real coherence between expected impacts and those which are effective on the territory? The patterns that underlie these actions will also be questioned. Is the logic of international solidarity obsolete? Is the foreign action framework evolving? Finally, the process of implementation of these foreign actions by the local authorities will be questioned. Who are the internal and external actors involved? How are they taking part in this process? In this way, using our professional experience in “decentralized cooperation” and a compilation of a series of interviews, we grasped foreign action implementation “from the bottom” with an approach which is close to the public action sociology. To understand this topic more globally, our research is based both on territory sciences and international relations studies
Decamps, Mélanie. "Les parcs naturels régionaux : une institution au service de l’action publique ? : le cas de la mise en œuvre de la politique agri-environnementale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10377.
Full textNo abstract available
Gervais, Julie. "La réforme des cadres de l’action publique ou la fabrique d’un « nouveau » corps des Ponts et Chaussées : impératifs managériaux, logiques administratives et stratégies corporatistes (fin du XXe siècle)." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/gervais_j.
Full textOn 16 April 2002, the French Journal officiel announced the creation of a new grand corps merging the former Ponts et Chaussées, Aviation Civile, Météo France and the Institut geographique national. Founded in 1716, the Ponts et Chaussées thus re-emerged in a completely redefined form if under the same name. The merger of these four high ranking French civil servants attached to the Ministry of Equipment was accompanied by an in-depth reflection on the identity of the new grand corps. The model favoured by these civil servants was that of ‘managing engineers’. Accordingly, the teaching content of the national school of the Ponts et Chaussées was entirely revamped to favour a focus on public management. It took seven years to move from the initial formalisation of the fusion process to the development of a new unified training approach. It has been claimed that this reform answers a need for enhanced managerial competence as part of the wider modernisation of the state. This study reveals a number of other essential factors that shaped the reform; these factors resulted from the interaction of corporatist and administrative logics. The focus on this reformed framework and the changing status of these high-ranking civil servants underlines the importance of inter-ministerial negotiations, and bargaining between the body itself and the rest of the state apparatus. It points to tensions in relation to symbols and resources, identities and self-perceptions, strategies and interests. Perhaps even more importantly, the study reveals the images that were embraced in the course of attempts to reshape perceptions regarding the role of the state and appropriate public action in the light of managerial needs. The systematic study of this interaction between managerial ethos and civil service values points to a reform which embodies the attempts of civil servants to use public management to reassert and reinforce their position, and to ‘bring the state back in’
Vergriete, Patrice. "La ville fiscalisée : politiques d’aide à l’investissement locatif, nouvelle filière de production du logement et recomposition de l’action publique locale en France (1985-2012)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1061/document.
Full textHousing production in France is at the heart of several academic debates concerning State intervention, private production models and local governance. In each of them, some authors have expressed the idea that western countries have been affected by a neoliberalization process since the 1970s. But our study of the fiscal aid to rental investment, which is one of the tools of national housing policy, shows the limits of this interpretation, especially in the 2000s. Based on a methodology combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, our research however shows that a new political economy of housing production is emerging. Along with decentralization, there are now two public authorities involved in regulating the market: the State by law and the local governments by negotiation with private parties. And this duality creates contradictions between national issues (especially macroeconomic) and local priorities. In this context, the property development sector has witnessed major changes: if State incentives have induced the emergence of new participants and of a specific model of production, the new public regulation implies a change in strategies. Urban production is concerned by these changes. Not only because State regulation has an impact on supply but also because the unequal ability of local governments to negotiate with developers make small and medium-sized cities more exposed to a gap between real housing production and public expectations
Farges, Eric. "Dynamique professionnelle et transformations de l’action publique : Reformer l’organisation des soins dans les prisons françaises : les tentatives de spécialisation de la « médecine pénitentiaire » (1970-1994)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20043/document.
Full textArticle 2 of French law No 94-43 of January 18, 1994, which concerns the transfer of the organization of health care in prisons from the Ministry of Justice to the public hospital service, has often been presented as a necessary public health reform considering the state of French prisons. The AIDS epidemic and the voluntary work of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Justice have revealed the need for what has been called a “sanitary revolution”. However, the conditions required for this reform would seem to require a dual approach: both professional and institutional, which this study will underline. Indeed, The French law of January 18, 1994 is also the reform of a profession, and of a sector of action, that is strongly criticized publicly. The reform of organization of health care in prisons underlines the failure of a strategy for a medical specialty, and is viewed by a few observers as an attempt by some practitioners to establish a particular position within the medical sector.Launched in the early sixties by the very first Doctor-inspector for prisons, Georges Fully, the assertion of specific “ health care in prison” was designed to give more legitimacy to the practitioners and therefore to allow them a greater level of autonomy from their employer, the prison administration. The specialization was designed to be an additional resource to help to put an end to the tension that the practitioners working in prison had to face, between their contract status at the Ministry of Justice and their status as general practitioners working in prisons . However, after the violent protests in prisons during the seventies, the organisation of “ health care in prisons” became for the new Doctor-inspector, Solange Troisier, a means of legitimizing the work of a discredited public service. The consecration of a specific medical practice for prisoners was also for her a means of asserting the requirements of the Code of Criminal Procedure over those of the Code of Medical Ethics. Thus the specialization of health care in prison became a means of empowerment not for the Ministry of Justice but for the medical sector.The reform of 1994 marks the failure of this attempt of medical specialization. It results from interactions between a group of practitioners defending the idea of a non-specific medical care and several militant magistrates, coming from the trade union of magistrates, working in the prison administration who were in favour of a opening-out of the penitentiary institution. The French law of January 18, 1994, highlights the accomplishment of this type of strategy and the failure to create a specialized health care in prison, the latter being then attached to a stigmatized and outdated past.The issue of this thesis is consequently to explore the sociogenesis of a reform from the dynamics which guide a professional group, on the one hand, and the evolutions which affect a public sector of action, on the other hand. We will also show that the specialization of medicine can be understood only if it is apprehended differently and subsequently cannot be reduced only to its medical dimension
Floremont, Fanny. "Les récits contrastés de la « migration environnementale » : élaboration, usages et effets sur l'action publique." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40046/document.
Full textThis research work aims at questioning the variety of narratives used to describe “environmental migration” and the shifting importance given to the matter. Building on a political sociology of ‘public action’ perspective, it undertakes a transnational comparison between international arenas and Malian politics and policies. This study shows that, in a context of multiple political and scientific uncertainties, “environmental migration” narratives are used to add dramatic tension to issues that go beyond the subject of environmentally linked migration, and to construct them as public problems.Three conflicting narratives have been elaborated in the international arenas: the “refugee” narrative, the “natural disaster induced displacement” narrative and the “migration as adaption” narrative. Their multiplication can be explained by their instrumental purpose and by the constant reformulation efforts undertaken by political entrepreneurs in order to include them in the prevailing cognitive and normative frames. As a result, these narratives appear to be out of step with academic findings that insist on the complex causal relationship linking environment to displacement. In Mali, the “refugee” narrative is the one predominantly used by ‘public action’ actors but it is part of a larger discourse focused on climate change, which is used to legitimise development aid flows. The narratives elaborated at the international level are thus selected and adapted to local cognitive and normative frames and agenda setting dynamics
Acquaviva, Eric. "Pharmaco-épidémiologie des psychotropes chez les enfants et adolescents." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066433.
Full textKarzabi, Iman. "Le privé est politique : l’action publique et le militantisme associatif en faveur de l’égalité femmes-hommes dans les pays post-soviétiques : Ukraine et Bélarus (1990-2013)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0007.
Full textThis thesis investigates, from a gender perspective, political and social changes taking place in the countries of the former Soviet bloc, specifically in Ukraine and Belarus. In particular, it analyses the ways in which politics constructs the personal, and public actions create gender (in)equalities. To this end, this research is concerned with policy instruments in the area of family policy, in the prevention of violence against women and the application of international standards of gender equality, such as gender mainstreaming. In addition, this thesis studies heterogeneous collective initiatives which politicize/depoliticize the issue of gender inequalities in order to influence the decisions of relevant authorities: feminist groups, conservative religious organizations, and fathers’ organizations seeking to change norms of masculinity. This research shows how these organizations “negotiate” with those in power, in particular through the interplay of national and international resources in the configuration of agendas and repertoires of contention. At a microsociological level, through interviews carried out with parents who are recipients of public policy actions, this thesis demonstrates the way in which political processes influence the personal and reduce the range of options for women in particular. The assignment of care work to women limits their financial autonomy, professional career, spare time, and social and political activities, contributing consequently to a construction of a “single-sex” power
Bouima, Sonia. "Manger et cuisiner ensemble pour « bien-vieillir » ? Quand l’action sociale donne corps aux recommandations officielles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA017.
Full textAbstract : Actually, food sociability of the elderly is a major public health issue for the French public authorities. It is also relayed by a part of civil society, that contributes to give it substance. Indeed, since the beginning of the 2000s in France, there is a proliferation of local initiatives using shared food as a prevention lever to « successful aging ». The structures that carry them often show the same objectives: to fight against undernutrition, isolation and loneliness, which are « risks » generally associated to this population. The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation at the local level of the national recommendations regarding the food of elderly people living at home. It is based on the description and comparison of three structures each proposing a culinary workshop and an associated shared meal.This research leads to grasp logics of action of the different stakeholders (participants, professionals and volunteers, funders, etc.) as well as the social mechanisms at stake around cooking and eating together
Barcik, Bartlomiej. "La politique de la lutte contre les discriminations à l’épreuve de l’action publique au niveau national (France/Pologne) et local (Grenoble/Cracovie) : entre la subjectivité et l’objectivation des expériences discriminatoires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH009.
Full textThis thesis focuses on answering the following question: why the fight against discrimination, a category of action that has emerged on the political agenda with a strong impetus from the European Union in the late 1990s, becomes an unspeakable and ineffective political object.Starting from the assumption that the seriousness of discrimination results from the fact that it constitutes a test of the ideal of equality of democratic societies, the author mobilizes the sociology of public action and the perspective of sociology experience to analyze the political uses of anti-discrimination schemes by people who consider themselves victims.The central hypothesis of the thesis is that uncertainty is a major factor structuring the experience of discrimination, both at the individual and at the public level, regarding its treatment. The secondary hypothesis opens a reflection on the fragmentation of the field of fight against discrimination, a phenomenon which, according to the author, does not make it possible to reduce the uncertainty that passes through the experiences of discriminated persons and actors involved in this struggle. The sense expressed by the various actors and the many ruptures that mark public action in this area mean that discrimination remains a fuzzy, even unspeakable object.Verification of the heuristic validity of these hypotheses involves two levels of analysis conducted in the thesis.Firstly, the analysis focuses on the European genesis of the LCD driven by the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997 and then moves towards the understanding of the public offers (laws, devices) and the structuring of the field of the struggle against discrimination in France and Poland. To better understand how at the local level, institutional and associative actors take up the issue of equal treatment, the analysis focuses on the systems set up in Grenoble and Krakow.The second dimension is to understand the forms of experience of discrimination and the use of anti-discrimination mechanisms by people who claim to be victims of unequal treatment. The intersection of these two perspectives leads to question the nature of relations that are woven between the people who have experienced discrimination and the public offer addressed to them at the local or national level
Goudiaby, Tida. "De la participation des citoyens à la production des politiques publiques locales : enjeux de démocratisation et d’efficacité de l’action publique : Le cas de cinq communes au Sénégal." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21620.
Full textParticipation and deliberation notion invade the political place and at the same time the sphere of social and political sciences. They serve to define relations between the local councillors and the citizens, citizens and the public domain and citizen between themselves. In Senegal the application of the participative mechanism in the conduct of local policies helps to make public policy more efficient and democratic. This also encourages local development. In this way participation brings together diverse actors: local councillors, citizens associations, NGO as mediators and development sponsors. This study tries to understand how these actors who have different positions and interest appropriate participatory structures and deliberate political policy. This study goes beyond the understanding of the specific configuration of actors, of their investment in participatory forums and brings out the real stakes of participation and democratic deliberation in Senegalese districts