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1
Leone, V. "Prescribed burning techniques." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor094-011.
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Florec, Veronique, Michael Burton, David Pannell, Joel Kelso, and George Milne. "Where to prescribe burn: the costs and benefits of prescribed burning close to houses." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 5 (2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18192.
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Prescribed burning is used in Australia as a tool to manage fire risk and protect assets. A key challenge is deciding how to arrange the burns to generate the highest benefits to society. Studies have shown that prescribed burning in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) can reduce the risk of house loss due to wildfires, but the costs and benefits of different arrangements for prescribed burning treatments have rarely been estimated. In this study, we use three different models to explore the costs and benefits of modifying the spatial arrangement of prescribed burns on public land, using the south-west of Western Australia as a case study. We simulate two hypothetical scenarios: landscape treatments and WUI treatments. We evaluate the long-term costs and benefits of each scenario and compare the results from the three models, highlighting the management implications of each model. Results indicate that intensifying prescribed burning treatments in public land in the WUI achieves a greater reduction in damages compared with applying the majority of the treatments in rural areas. However, prescribed burning in the WUI is significantly more expensive and, despite additional benefits gained from this strategy, in most cases it is not the most economically efficient strategy.
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Bovio, G. "Prescribed burning: a topical issue." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 10, no. 4 (November 4, 2013): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0095-010.
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Brenner, Jim, and Dale Wade. "Florida's 1990 Prescribed Burning Act." Journal of Forestry 90, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/90.5.27.
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Outcalt, Kenneth W., and Dale D. Wade. "Fuels Management Reduces Tree Mortality from Wildfires In Southeastern United States." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/28.1.28.
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Abstract The objective was to determine the effectiveness of a regular prescribed burning program for reducing tree mortality in southern pine forests burned by wildfire. This study was conducted on public and industry lands in northeast Florida. On the Osceola National Forest, mean mortality was 35% in natural stands and 43% in plantations two growing seasons after a June 1998 wildfire. Burn history significantly affected mortality with those stands prescribe-burned 1.5 yr prior to the wildfire having the lowest mortality, while stands prescribe-burned 2 or more years prior had higher mortality. Although significant tree mortality did occur on the Osceola National Forest, with all trees killed in some stands, many trees in other burned stands did survive. The overall mortality was lower in both plantations and natural stands on the Osceola than at Tiger Bay where prescribed burning had been less frequent. The highest mortality rates occurred on the Lake Butler Forest where prescribed burning had not been used since plantation establishment. Thus, a regular prescribed burning program will reduce mortality following wildfires in both natural and planted stands of southern pines on flatwoods sites, even when wildfires occur under severe drought conditions. South. J. Appl. For. 28(1):28–34.
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Marks-Block, Tony, and William Tripp. "Facilitating Prescribed Fire in Northern California through Indigenous Governance and Interagency Partnerships." Fire 4, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030037.
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Prescribed burning by Indigenous people was once ubiquitous throughout California. Settler colonialism brought immense investments in fire suppression by the United States Forest Service and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Prevention (CAL FIRE) to protect timber and structures, effectively limiting prescribed burning in California. Despite this, fire-dependent American Indian communities such as the Karuk and Yurok peoples, stalwartly advocate for expanding prescribed burning as a part of their efforts to revitalize their culture and sovereignty. To examine the political ecology of prescribed burning in Northern California, we coupled participant observation of prescribed burning in Karuk and Yurok territories (2015–2019) with 75 surveys and 18 interviews with Indigenous and non-Indigenous fire managers to identify political structures and material conditions that facilitate and constrain prescribed fire expansion. Managers report that interagency partnerships have provided supplemental funding and personnel to enable burning, and that decentralized prescribed burn associations facilitate prescribed fire. However, land dispossession and centralized state regulations undermine Indigenous and local fire governance. Excessive investment in suppression and the underfunding of prescribed fire produces a scarcity of personnel to implement and plan burns. Where Tribes and local communities have established burning infrastructure, authorities should consider the devolution of decision-making and land repatriation to accelerate prescribed fire expansion.
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Ditomaso, Joseph M., Matthew L. Brooks, Edith B. Allen, Ralph Minnich, Peter M. Rice, and Guy B. Kyser. "Control of Invasive Weeds with Prescribed Burning." Weed Technology 20, no. 2 (June 2006): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-086r1.1.
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Prescribed burning has primarily been used as a tool for the control of invasive late-season annual broadleaf and grass species, particularly yellow starthistle, medusahead, barb goatgrass, and several bromes. However, timely burning of a few invasive biennial broadleaves (e.g., sweetclover and garlic mustard), perennial grasses (e.g., bluegrasses and smooth brome), and woody species (e.g., brooms and Chinese tallow tree) also has been successful. In many cases, the effectiveness of prescribed burning can be enhanced when incorporated into an integrated vegetation management program. Although there are some excellent examples of successful use of prescribed burning for the control of invasive species, a limited number of species have been evaluated. In addition, few studies have measured the impact of prescribed burning on the long-term changes in plant communities, impacts to endangered plant species, effects on wildlife and insect populations, and alterations in soil biology, including nutrition, mycorrhizae, and hydrology. In this review, we evaluate the current state of knowledge on prescribed burning as a tool for invasive weed management.
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López-Cruz, Susana del Carmen, Deb Raj Aryal, Carlos Alberto Velázquez-Sanabria, Francisco Guevara-Hernández, Andrea Venegas-Sandoval, Fernando Casanova-Lugo, Manuel Alejandro La O-Arias, et al. "Effect of Prescribed Burning on Tree Diversity, Biomass Stocks and Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Tropical Highland Forests." Forests 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122164.
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Fire has been an integral part of ecosystem functioning in many biomes for a long time, but the increased intensity and frequency of wildfires often affect plant diversity and carbon storage. Prescribed burning is one of the alternatives to forest fuel management where the fire is controlled and carried out under a determined set of weather conditions and objectives. The effect of prescribed burning on plant diversity and carbon (C) storage has not been studied widely. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prescribed burning on plant diversity indices, biomass stocks, and soil C storage in the tropical highland forests of Southern Mexico. We assessed plant diversity and carbon stocks at 21 sampling sites: seven with prescribed burning, seven non-burning, and seven with wildfires. We calculated tree biodiversity indices, stand structural properties, and species composition among burning treatments. We quantified C stocks in vegetation biomass by using an allometric equation and forest litter by direct sampling. We analyzed 252 soil samples for soil organic C content and other properties. The results showed that the biodiversity index was higher in sites with prescribed burning (Shannon index, H = 1.26) and non-burning (H = 1.14) than in wildfire sites (H = 0.36). There was a greater similarity in plant species composition between non-burning and prescribed burning sites compared to wildfire sites. Prescribed burning showed a positive effect on soil carbon storage (183.9 Mg C ha−1) when compared to wildfire (144.3 Mg C ha−1), but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) in biomass stocks. Prescribed burning in this study conserved plant diversity as well as soil carbon stocks compared to non-burning, the opposite of what we found in wildfires.
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Shaw, Christopher E., Craig A. Harper, Michael W. Black, and Allan E. Houston. "Initial Effects of Prescribed Burning and Understory Fertilization on Browse Production in Closed-Canopy Hardwood Stands." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102009-jfwm-016.
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Abstract Forage production for white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus is often limited in closed-canopy forests. We measured browse production and nutritional carrying capacity after prescribed burning and understory fertilization in closed-canopy hardwood stands one growing season after treatment in two physiographic regions of Tennessee. Nutritional carrying capacity estimates for prescribed burning, fertilization, and prescribed burning with fertilization were greater than in controls on the Cumberland Plateau. However, the cost per pound of forage produced after fertilization exceeded US$26. In the Coastal Plain, fertilization did not affect nutritional carrying capacity, and prescribed burning and prescribed burning with fertilization lowered nutritional carrying capacity from controls. At both sites, prescribed fire had minimal effect on soil pH or soil phosphate and potash levels. Our results suggest prescribed fire and fertilization are of limited utility for increasing browse production in closed-canopy hardwood forests.
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"Experts Question Aspects of Prescribed Burning." Journal of Plant Sciences 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2010): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jps.2011.50.50.
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Bradstock, R. A., M. M. Boer, G. J. Cary, O. F. Price, R. J. Williams, D. Barrett, G. Cook, et al. "Modelling the potential for prescribed burning to mitigate carbon emissions from wildfires in fire-prone forests of Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 21, no. 6 (2012): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf11023.
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Prescribed fire can potentially reduce carbon emissions from unplanned fires. This potential will differ among ecosystems owing to inherent differences in the efficacy of prescribed burning in reducing unplanned fire activity (or ‘leverage’, i.e. the reduction in area of unplanned fire per unit area of prescribed fire). In temperate eucalypt forests, prescribed burning leverage is relatively low and potential for mitigation of carbon emissions from unplanned fires via prescribed fire is potentially limited. Simulations of fire regimes accounting for non-linear patterns of fuel dynamics for three fuel types characteristic of eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia supported this prediction. Estimated mean annual fuel consumption increased with diminishing leverage and increasing rate of prescribed burning, even though average fire intensity (prescribed and unplanned fires combined) decreased. The results indicated that use of prescribed burning in these temperate forests is unlikely to yield a net reduction in carbon emissions. Future increases in burning rates under climate change may increase emissions and reduce carbon sequestration. A more detailed understanding of the efficacy of prescribed burning and dynamics of combustible biomass pools is required to clarify the potential for mitigation of carbon emissions in temperate eucalypt forests and other ecosystems.
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Kumar, Ranjeet. "Prescribed Burning: An Important Tool in Management of Forest Resources." Indian Journal of Forestry 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-47b3wn.
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There are reports of forests fire every year in many parts of the world. Prescribed burning is a tool used in few species during specific weather conditions to achieve the desired goals. Literature have been summarised with an objective to prepare introductory note on role of prescribed burning in management of forest resources. The prescribed burning has been used to reduce fire incidences in dry seasons in various parts of world. Burning techniques, rotation, execution and assessment are vital components of effective controlled burning. There is need of opening independent organizations in many countries which can integrate with other department for forest fire management. It can be concluded that prescribed burning is an important tool in sustainable management of natural resources.
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Zald, Harold S. J., Becky K. Kerns, and Michelle A. Day. "Limited Effects of Long-Term Repeated Season and Interval of Prescribed Burning on Understory Vegetation Compositional Trajectories and Indicator Species in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Northeastern Oregon, USA." Forests 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080834.
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Fire exclusion has dramatically altered historically fire adapted forests across western North America. In response, forest managers reduce forest fuels with mechanical thinning and/or prescribed burning to alter fire behavior, with additional objectives of restoring forest composition, structure, and ecosystem processes. There has been extensive research on the effects of fuel reduction and restoration treatments on trees, fuels, regeneration, and fire behavior; but less is known about how these treatments influence understory vegetation, which contains the majority of vascular plant diversity in many dry conifer forests. Of particular interest is how understory vegetation may respond to the season and interval of prescribed burning. The season and interval of prescribed burning is often determined by operational constraints rather than historical fire regimes, potentially resulting in fire conditions and burn intervals to which native plants are poorly adapted. In this study, we examined how understory vegetation has responded to season and interval of prescribed burning in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon, USA. Using over a decade (2002–2015) of understory vegetation data collected in stands with different intervals (5 versus 15 year) and seasons (spring versus fall) of prescribed burning, we quantified how season and interval of prescribed burning has influenced understory vegetation compositional trajectories and indicator species over time. Season of prescribed burning resulted in different understory communities and distinct trajectories of understory composition over time, but interval of burning did not. Indicator species analysis suggests fall burning is facilitating early seral species, with native annual forbs displaying ephemeral responses to frequent burning, while invasive cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) increased in abundance and frequency across all treatments over time. These findings indicate that understory vegetation in these ecosystems are sensitive to seasonality of burning, but the responses are subtle. Our findings suggest season and interval of prescribed burning used in this study do not result in large changes in understory vegetation community composition, a key consideration as land managers increase the pace and scale of prescribed fire in these forests.
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González-Cabán, Armando. "Managerial and Institutional Factors Affect Prescribed Burning Costs." Forest Science 43, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/43.4.535.
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Abstract Prescribed burning costs are extremely variable, even if conditions are similar. This variability complicates planning and evaluation of prescribed burning programs and budgets, resulting in imprecise projections of their economic benefits. Evaluating the worth of prescribed burning efforts in objective terms is difficult, but the continual shrinkage of USDA Forest Service budgets requires an increase in program efficiency and understanding the causes of variability for prescribed burning costs. An analysis of variance model was used to describe and quantify the relative effect of managerial and institutional factors, such as smoke emission limitations or the constraint to control all types of fires, on prescribed burning costs. Data were collected by using a questionnaire to fire and fuel managers in the USDA Forest Service's Northern, Intermountain, and Pacific Northwest Regions. Estimated prescribed burning costs were significantly affected by changes in the managerial and institutional factors, such as minimizing escape potential or complying with smoke emission standards presented to these fire managers. Contrary to our expectations, burn objective (the main reason for conducting the burn) was not a significant cost factor. Unit size of the burned area affected prescribed burning costs more than either change in slope or unit shape, both of which increase the amount of burn perimeter relative to the area burned. Costs per acre demonstrated economies of scale: the larger the unit burned, the lower its per-acre cost. For. Sci. 43(4):535-543.
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Härdtle, Werner, Thomas Niemeyer, Thorsten Assmann, Hartmut Meyer, and Goddert Von Oheimb. "Can prescribed burning compensate for atmospheric nutrient loads in wet heathlands?" Phytocoenologia 37, no. 2 (May 31, 2007): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2007/0037-0161.
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Espinosa, Juncal, Dario Martin-Benito, Óscar Rodríguez de Rivera, Carmen Hernando, Mercedes Guijarro, and Javier Madrigal. "Tree Growth Response to Low-Intensity Prescribed Burning in Pinus nigra Stands: Effects of Burn Season and Fire Severity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 7462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167462.
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The study of the short-term post-burn tree growth in a mixed stand of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster and in a pure stand of P. nigra in the Cuenca Mountains (Spain) will enable us to determine the disturbance of prescribed burning conducted in two seasons. Dendrochronological methods and mixed modelling were used to investigate whether tree growth responses are influenced by stand and tree characteristics, fire season and fire severity variables. The findings revealed that prescribed burning scarcely affected tree growth. The type of stand (mixed or pure) was not critical for tree growth. The individual tree characteristics were significant factors in all the scenarios studied. The inclusion of some fire severity variables for the first time in tree growth models showed that the maximum scorch height determined a main part of the variability of tree growth. The time during which the temperature was above 60 °C in the cambium region and temperature was above 300 °C in the bark surface were only significant factors after spring burnings. The litterfall one year after the prescribed burning was not a significant factor in any of the models. Overall, the findings confirm the characteristic resistance of P. nigra to surface fires and favor the potential application of prescribed burning programs for this species in the Mediterranean Basin.
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Furlaud, James M., Grant J. Williamson, and David M. J. S. Bowman. "Simulating the effectiveness of prescribed burning at altering wildfire behaviour in Tasmania, Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 1 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17061.
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Prescribed burning is a widely accepted wildfire hazard reduction technique; however, knowledge of its effectiveness remains limited. To address this, we employ simulations of a widely used fire behaviour model across the ecologically diverse Australian island state of Tasmania. We simulate three broad scenarios: (1) no fuel treatment, (2) a maximal treatment, with the most possible prescribed burning within ecological constraints, and (3) 12 hypothetically more implementable state-wide prescribed-burning plans. In all simulations, we standardised fire-weather inputs to represent regionally typical dangerous fire-weather conditions. Statistical modelling showed that an unrealistically large maximal treatment scenario could reduce fire intensity in three flammable vegetation types, and reduce fire probability in almost every vegetation type. However, leverage analysis of the 12 more-realistic implementable plans indicated that such prescribed burning would have only a minimal effect, if any, on fire extent and that none of these prescribed-burning plans substantially reduced fire intensity. The study highlights that prescribed burning can theoretically mitigate wildfire, but that an unrealistically large area would need to be treated to affect fire behaviour across the island. Rather, optimisation of prescribed burning requires careful landscape design at the local scale. Such designs should be based on improved fire behaviour modelling, empirical measurement of fuels and analysis of actual wildfires.
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Wood, D. B. "Costs of Prescribed Burning in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/3.4.115.
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Abstract The costs of prescribed burning in ponderosa pine residual fuels vary widely among national forest districts in northern Arizona; costs ranged from less than $3. to over $30. per acre. Most of the variability was due to the time required for burning. Five high-cost districts averaged 114.4 person-hours to complete a medium-sized burning project whereas seven low-cost districts required an average of only 29.1 person-hours. Sensitivity testing showed that burning block size, burning crew size, fireline preparation time, and travel time can also have significant impacts on costs. Costs generally declined with increases in block size and crew size and with reductions in preparation and travel time. West. J. Appl. For. 3(4):115-119, October 1988.
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Dickmann, Donald I. "Management of Red Pine for Multiple Benefits Using Prescribed Fire." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 10, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/10.2.53.
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Abstract An aspect of the silviculture of mature stands of red pine heretofore neglected by forestland managers in northeastern North America is prescribed burning (underburning). This paper presents a technical discussion of prescribed burning and its application to red pine managed for timber, wildlife habitat, aesthetics, or other purposes. The author draws on relevant conifer literature, as well as his own experience with burning under red pine. Topics addressed include the effects of prescribed fire on (1)overstory tree growth, (2) understory plants and pine regeneration, (3) soil properties, (4) soil organisms, pests and diseases, and (5) wildlife habitat. Also considered are the environmental impacts of prescribed underburning and its use in wildfire hazard reduction. Elements of the practical application of prescribed burning also are discussed, including proper weather and fuel conditions for burning. Burning under mature red pine stands can provide many benefits with little risk of overstory mortality, wildfire escape, or environmental damage. This paper should encourage managers to include prescribed underburning in the silvicultural palate of this important forest species. North. J. Appl. For. 10(2):53-62.
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Soria, Rocío, Antonio Tortosa, Natalia Rodríguez-Berbel, Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Raúl Ortega, and Isabel Miralles. "Short-Term Response of Soil Bacterial Communities after Prescribed Fires in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Forests." Fire 6, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6040145.
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Low-intensity burnings could be an effective silvicultural tool to prevent the occurrence and severity of wildfires. Nevertheless, their use as a forest fuel reduction tool may have a negative impact on soil properties. The aim of this investigation was to study the impact of a low-intensity prescribed fire on the main chemical properties of the soil (pH, electrical conductivity, and total organic carbon), and the diversity and composition of the soil bacterial communities in a semi-arid forest in SE Spain. Two similar stands were treated with a low-intensity prescribed burn in spring and autumn 2018 and were compared to an unburned stand. All soil samples were collected at the same time (autumn 2018). The chemical properties of the soil showed no significant differences between the prescribed burns and the control forest. Shannon and Pielou’s diversity indices presented values significantly lower in the burned soils compared to the control. Prescribed burning did not modify soil bacterial community structure at the phylum level, but NMDS analysis did reveal a difference between soil bacterial communities at the genus level. Both prescribed burnings favoured some bacterial taxa over others, suggesting different thermal and bacterial resistance. The presence of Massilia, Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter could suggest a short-term ecosystem recovery. Therefore, prescribed burning in semi-arid forests could be suitable as a preventive tool against wildfires.
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Gonzalez-Caban, A. "Managerial and institutional factors affect prescribed burning costs: United States of America case." Forest Systems 6, no. 1 (December 1, 1997): 247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/586.
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Prescribed burning costs are extremely variable, even if conditions are similar. This variability complicates planning and evaluation of prescribed burning programs and budgets, resulting in imprecise projections of their economic benefits. Evaluating the worth of prescribed burning efforts in objective terms is difficult, but the continual shrinkage of USDA Forest Service budgets requires an increase in program efficiency and understanding the causes of variability for prescribed burning costs. An analysis of variance model was used to describe and quantify the relative effect of managieral and institutional factors, such as smoke emission limitations or the constraint to control all types of fires, on prescribed burning costs. Data were collected by using a questionnaire to fire and fuel managers in the USDA Forest Service's Northern, Intermountain, and Pacific Northwest Regions. Estimated prescribed burning costs were significantly affected by changes in the managerial and institutional factors, such as minimizing escape potential of complying with smoke emission standards presented to these fire managers. Contrary to our expectations, burn objective (the main reason for conducting the burn) was not a significant cost factor. Unit size of the burned area affected prescribed burning costs more than either change in slope or unit shape, both of which increase the amount of burn perimeter relative to the area burned. Costs per acre demonstrated economies-of-scale: the larger the unit burned, the lower its per acre cost.
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Wang, Jin, Ruicheng Hong, Cheng Ma, Xilong Zhu, Shiying Xu, Yanping Tang, Xiaona Li, Xiangxiang Yan, Leiguang Wang, and Qiuhua Wang. "Effects of Prescribed Burning on Surface Dead Fuel and Potential Fire Behavior in Pinus yunnanensis in Central Yunnan Province, China." Forests 14, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091915.
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Prescribed burning is a widely used fuel management employed technique to mitigate the risk of forest fires. The Pinus yunnanensis Franch. forest, which is frequently prone to forest fires in southwestern China, serves as a prime example for investigating the effects of prescribed burning on the flammability of surface dead fuel. This research aims to establish a scientific foundation for managing dead fuel in forests, as well as fire prevention and control strategies. Field data was collected from P. yunnanensis forests located in central Yunnan Province in 2021 and 2022. The study implemented a randomized complete block design with two blocks and three treatments: an unburned control (UB), one year after the prescribed burning (PB1a), and three years after the prescribed burning (PB3a). These treatments were evaluated based on three indices: surface dead-bed structure, physicochemical properties, and potential fire behavior parameters. To analyze the stand characteristics of the sample plots, a paired t-test was conducted. The results indicated no significant differences in the stand characteristics of P. yunnanensis following prescribed burning (p > 0.05). Prescribed burning led to a significant decrease in the average surface dead fuel load from 10.24 t/ha to 3.70 t/ha, representing a reduction of 63.87%. Additionally, the average fire−line intensity decreased from 454 kw/m to 190 kw/m, indicating a decrease of 58.15%. Despite prescribed burning, there were no significant changes observed in the physical and chemical properties of dead fuels (p > 0.05). However, the bed structure of dead fuels and fire behavior parameters exhibited a significant reduction compared with the control sample site. The findings of this study provide essential theoretical support for the scientific implementation of prescribed burning programs and the accurate evaluation of ecological and environmental effects post burning.
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Penman, T. D., F. J. Christie, A. N. Andersen, R. A. Bradstock, G. J. Cary, M. K. Henderson, O. Price, et al. "Prescribed burning: how can it work to conserve the things we value?" International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 6 (2011): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09131.
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Prescribed burning is a commonly applied management tool, and there has been considerable debate over the efficacy of its application. We review data relating to the effectiveness of prescribed burning in Australia. Specifically, we address two questions: (1) to what extent can fuel reduction burning reduce the risk of loss of human life and economic assets posed from wildfires? (2) To what extent can prescribed burning be used to reduce the risk of biodiversity loss? Data suggest that prescribed burning can achieve a reduction in the extent of wildfires; however, at such levels, the result is an overall increase in the total area of the landscape burnt. Simulation modelling indicates that fuel reduction has less influence than weather on the extent of unplanned fire. The need to incorporate ecological values into prescribed burning programmes is becoming increasingly important. Insufficient data are available to determine if existing programs have been successful. There are numerous factors that prevent the implementation of better prescribed burning practices; most relate to a lack of clearly defined, measurable objectives. An adaptive risk management framework combined with enhanced partnerships between scientists and fire-management agencies is necessary to ensure that ecological and fuel reduction objectives are achieved.
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Zhao, Y., Y. Z. Wang, Z. H. Xu, and L. Fu. "Impacts of prescribed burning on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a suburban native forest of south-eastern Queensland, Australia." Biogeosciences 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2015): 6279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6279-2015.
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Abstract. Prescribed burning is a forest management practice that is widely used in Australia to reduce the risk of damaging wildfires. Prescribed burning can affect both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in the forest and thereby influence the soil-atmosphere exchange of major greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). To quantify the impact of a prescribed burning (conducted on 27 May 2014) on greenhouse gas exchange and the potential controlling mechanisms, we carried out a series of field measurements before (August 2013) and after (August 2014 and November 2014) the fire. Gas exchange rates were determined in four replicate plots which were burned during the combustion and in another four adjacent unburned plots located in green islands, using a set of static chambers. Surface soil properties including temperature, pH, moisture, soil C and N pools were also determined either by in situ measurement or by analysing surface 10 cm soil samples. All of the chamber measurements indicated a net sink of atmospheric CH4, with mean CH4 uptake ranging from 1.15 to 1.99 mg m−2 d−1. Prescribed burning significantly enhanced CH4 uptake as indicated by the significant higher CH4 uptake rates in the burned plots measured in August 2014. In the following 3 months, the CH4 uptake rate was recovered to the pre-burning level. Mean CO2 emission from the forest soils ranged from 2721.76 to 7113.49 mg m−2 d−1. The effect of prescribed burning on CO2 emission was limited within the first 3 months, as no significant difference was observed between the burned and the adjacent unburned plots in both August and November 2014. The CO2 emissions showed more seasonal variations, rather than the effects of prescribed burning. The N2O emission in the plots was quite low, and no significant impact of prescribed burning was observed. The changes in understory plants and litter layers, surface soil temperature, C and N substrate availability and microbial activities, following the prescribed burning, were the factors that controlled the greenhouse gas exchanges. Our results suggested that the low-intensity prescribed burning would decrease soil CO2 emission and increase CH4 uptake, but this effect would be present within a relatively short period. Only slight changes in the surface soil properties during the combustion and very limited impacts of prescribed burning on the mineral soils supported the rapid recovery of the greenhouse gas exchange rates.
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O'Neill, Kelli. "Landscope: Fire The Force Of Life." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 3 (2000): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc00275a.
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The use of fire in Western Australia to manage forest ecosystems is contentious. There is huge disagreement between scientists, the environmental movement and members of the general public over the effects of prescribed burning. Some believe that the Australian flora and fauna has adapted to fire over time and needs it for their continued survival. Others perceive prescribed burning as damaging to biota. A final group of people thinks we should be applying the precautionary principle to prescribed burning. This disagreement is present due to the slim knowledge we have on fire and its management. No one really knows, how, when or if we should use prescribed burning.
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Haines, T. K., R. L. Busby, and D. A. Cleaves. "Prescribed Burning in the South: Trends, Purpose, and Barriers." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/25.4.149.
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Abstract The results of a survey of fire management officials concerning historical and projected prescribed burning activity in the South is reported. Prescribed burning programs on USDA Forest Service and private and state-owned lands are described in terms of area burned by ownership and state, intended resource benefits, barriers to expanded burning, and optimum burning area needed to achieve resource management goals. More than 4.1 million ac/yr of pine-type forest were burned between 1985 and 1994, about 6.5% of the area in pine-type forest per year. South. J. Appl. For. 25(4):149–153.
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Cogos, Sarah, Samuel Roturier, and Lars Östlund. "The origins of prescribed burning in Scandinavian forestry: the seminal role of Joel Wretlind in the management of fire-dependent forests." European Journal of Forest Research 139, no. 3 (November 28, 2019): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01247-6.
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AbstractIn Sweden, prescribed burning was trialed as early as the 1890s for forest regeneration purposes. However, the origins of prescribed burning in Sweden are commonly attributed to Joel Efraim Wretlind, forest manager in the State Forest district of Malå, Västerbotten County, from 1920 to 1952. To more fully understand the role he played in the development of prescribed burning and the extent of his burning, we examined historical records from the State Forest Company’s archive and Wretlind’s personal archive. The data showed that at least 11,208 ha was burned through prescribed burning between 1921 and 1970, representing 18.7% of the Malå state-owned forest area. Wretlind thus created a new forestry-driven fire regime, reaching, during peak years, extents close to historical fire regimes before the fire suppression era, and much higher than present-day burning. His use of prescribed fire to regenerate forests served as a guide for many other forest managers, spreading to all of northern Sweden during the 1950–1960s. Our analysis of Wretlind’s latest accounts also shows how he stood against the evolutions of modern forestry to defend a forestry system based on the reproduction of natural processes, such as fire.
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Shaffer, Kevin. "Prescribed Burning in California Wildlands Vegetation Management." Restoration Ecology 9, no. 4 (December 2001): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2001.94016.x.
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Espinosa, Juncal, Pedro Palheiro, Carlos Loureiro, Davide Ascoli, Assunta Esposito, and Paulo M. Fernandes. "Fire-severity mitigation by prescribed burning assessed from fire-treatment encounters in maritime pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 2 (February 2019): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0263.
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Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands are prone to high-intensity fire. Fuel treatments lessen potential fire behaviour and severity, but evidence of their effectiveness when tested by wildfire is extremely scarce in Europe. We assess the longevity of prescribed burning in maritime pine plantations in decreasing fire severity. Heights of crown scorch and stem-bark char were measured in treated and untreated adjacent areas after fire-treatment encounters in Portugal, Italy, and Australia. Treatment effect was quantified as the log-transformed ratio between prescribed-burned and untreated fire-severity data. Linear mixed modelling indicated that for typical wildfire conditions, the effect of prescribed burning in crown scorch height lasts 2–6 years. The persistence of prescribed burning benefits is higher for fire control operations than for fire-severity mitigation. Regression tree analysis of data from one wildfire highlighted the roles of wind direction, topography, and stand height in explaining variability in fire severity. A 4-year interval between prescribed burning treatments in maritime pine stands is recommended in general, depending on site quality and stand age and structure. Improved fuel-consumption prescriptions and monitoring procedures are advisable to foster prescribed-burning effectiveness and its evaluation.
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Washburn, Brian, and Michael Begier. "Using Prescribed Fire and Biosolids Applications as Grassland Management Tools: Do Wildlife Respond?" Fire 7, no. 4 (March 31, 2024): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7040112.
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Prescribed burning is a management tool commonly used in forested ecosystems in the southeastern United States, but the influence of this method on grassland vegetation and wildlife in this geographic region is unknown. During 2009–2015, we conducted a study to determine if the application of prescribed burning and/or long-term biosolid applications alter plant communities and/or wildlife use of grassland areas at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, Havelock, NC. We monitored vegetation growth, measured plant community composition, and documented wildlife activity in four study plots for 3 years after the implementation of annual winter prescribed burns. Prescribed burning reduced the amount of litter, increased bare ground during spring, and altered the plant community composition relative to areas that were not burned. Overall, prescribed burning did not alter (F1,803 = 0.37, p = 0.54) bird use of the airfield grasslands, while the long-term application of biosolids resulted in higher (F1,803 = 17.61, p < 0.01) bird use. Few species-specific differences in avian use of prescribed burned and unburned grasslands were found. In contrast, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of areas that were burned in winter, as well as the adjacent unburned areas, was drastically reduced. Winter prescribed burning appeared to remove forage plants at the time of year deer would use them the most. Our findings suggest that prescribed burning and biosolid applications, used alone and in combination, might be viable grassland management tools for altering wildlife use of grassland areas, specifically white-tailed deer; however, similar research at additional locations should be conducted.
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Nguyen, Dung, and Yu Wei. "A Multistage Stochastic Program to Optimize Prescribed Burning Locations Using Random Fire Samples." Forests 13, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13060930.
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Selecting the optimal locations and timing for prescribed burning is challenging when considering uncertainties in weather, fire behavior, and future fire suppression. In this study, we present a sample average approximation (SAA) based multistage stochastic mixed integer program with recourse to optimize prescribed burning decisions. The recourse component of the SAA model considers post-fuel-treatment suppression decisions to manage fire spreads in multiple future planning periods. Our research aims at studying how an SAA model may benefit from using random fire samples to find good locations for prescribed burning during the first planning period. Two hypothetical test cases are designed to compare the impact of fire sample sizes on solution quality, and to illustrate how to identify high-quality period-one prescribed burning solutions. Results suggest that running SAA models using larger fire sample sizes can lead to better period-one solutions, but this benefit will diminish after the sample size reaches to certain thresholds. We found multiple period-one prescribed burning decisions that may result in similar effects in mitigating future wildfire risks.
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Maginel, Calvin J., Benjamin O. Knapp, John M. Kabrick, and Rose-Marie Muzika. "Landscape- and site-level responses of woody structure and ground flora to repeated prescribed fire in the Missouri Ozarks." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 8 (August 2019): 1004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0492.
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Landscape-scale prescribed burning may be appealing for natural community restoration due to operational efficiency and possible heterogeneity in fire effects across broad spatial scales. We monitored plant community responses for >15 years with variable prescribed fire frequencies applied across a Missouri Ozarks landscape stratified into distinct ecological site types. Through the study period, burning had no effect on the overstory tree density or basal area. Midstory stem densities decreased rapidly in periodically burned units and more gradually with annual fire. Burning increased total ground flora cover and the cover of forbs, grasses, and legumes. The effect of burning on species richness differed among site types, with increased species richness through time on exposed slopes. There was no effect of prescribed burning on species richness on two of three protected slope site types, and annual burning decreased species richness in upland waterways. Among the site types, the upland waterways had the most species associated with pre-burn communities. We conclude that (i) burning consistently increased cover of ground layer vegetation across the landscape, while decreasing the midstory stem densities, and (ii) site type moderated ground flora richness response, with more pronounced effects of prescribed burning on exposed sites than on protected sites.
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Huang, Ran, Yongtao Hu, Armistead G. Russell, James A. Mulholland, and M. Talat Odman. "The Impacts of Prescribed Fire on PM2.5 Air Quality and Human Health: Application to Asthma-Related Emergency Room Visits in Georgia, USA." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (June 29, 2019): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132312.
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Short-term exposure to fire smoke, especially particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), is associated with adverse health effects. In order to quantify the impact of prescribed burning on human health, a general health impact function was used with exposure fields of PM2.5 from prescribed burning in Georgia, USA, during the burn seasons of 2015 to 2018, generated using a data fusion method. A method was developed to identify the days and areas when and where the prescribed burning had a major impact on local air quality to explore the relationship between prescribed burning and acute health effects. The results showed strong spatial and temporal variations in prescribed burning impacts. April 2018 exhibited a larger estimated daily health impact with more burned areas compared to Aprils in previous years, likely due to an extended burn season resulting from the need to burn more areas in Georgia. There were an estimated 145 emergency room (ER) visits in Georgia for asthma due to prescribed burning impacts in 2015 during the burn season, and this number increased by about 18% in 2018. Although southwestern, central, and east-central Georgia had large fire impacts on air quality, the absolute number of estimated ER asthma visits resulting from burn impacts was small in these regions compared to metropolitan areas where the population density is higher. Metro-Atlanta had the largest estimated prescribed burn-related asthma ER visits in Georgia, with an average of about 66 during the reporting years.
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Guedo, Digit D., and Eric G. Lamb. "Prescribed Burning Has Limited Long-Term Effectiveness in Controlling Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Encroachment into Fescue Grassland in Prince Albert National Park." Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, no. 1 (July 15, 2013): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v127i1.1407.
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Encroachment into grassland by woody species is a global ecological phenomenon, and it is of particular concern in remnant fescue (Festuca) prairie at the aspen parkland–boreal forest ecotone. Fire suppression is thought to encourage encroachment; however, prescribed burning as a means of controlling encroachment and restoring system structure, function, and composition has had variable success. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different season of burn, number of annual burns, and number of years after burning treatments on Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) encroachment into the fescue grasslands within Prince Albert National Park, Saskatchewan. Temporal changes in density and cover of Trembling Aspen in grassland and grassland–forest transition plant communities were evaluated using data from a prescribed burn study conducted in Prince Albert National Park from 1975 to 2010. The effect of year (indicating varying amounts of time relative to prescribed burning) and the interaction between spring burning and year reflect a stimulatory effect of burning on Trembling Aspen suckering. Increased Trembling Aspen cover in the forest transition community with more annual burns, burning in the fall, and the interaction between year and number of annual burns and increased Trembling Aspen cover in the grassland community with year indicate that none of the treatments had lasting control of Trembling Aspen encroachment. Ongoing Trembling Aspen encroachment despite prescribed burning may be due to important missing interactions between fire and grazing. A change in the use and expectation of prescribed burning is needed when attempting to suppress Trembling Aspen encroachment into the fescue grasslands.
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Durán-Manual, Francisco, Juncal Espinosa, Edelmys Pérez-Pereda, Olaya Madiavilla, Gretel Geada-López, Tatek Dejene, Ignacio Sanz-Benito, Pablo Martín-Pinto, and Luis W. Martínez-Becerra. "Prescribed burning in Pinus cubensis-dominated tropical natural forests: a myco-friendly fire-prevention tool." Forest Systems 31, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): e012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2022312-19318.
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Aim of study: To evaluate the effects of two different prescribed burning strategies on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species in Pinus cubensis-dominated natural forest.
Area of study: Yateras Silvicultural Base Business Unit, Guantánamo, Cuba.
Material and methods: In June 2015, six plots (20 × 50 m) were subjected to forward or back burning. Nine interval samplings (performed 1 week before and up to 120 days after prescribed burning) were undertaken to determine the total number of sporocarps and to evaluate the effect of fire on the soil.
Main results: Eight ECM species were collected from the study plots. Suillus sp. and Amanita muscaria started fruiting 15 and 60 days after the fire, respectively. Boletus sp., Suillus brevipes, Suillus decipiens, Suillus sp., Amanita muscaria, Lactarius semisanguifluus, Scleroderma stellatum and Pisolithus arhizus were found before and after prescribed burning. Sporocarp numbers showed an increasing trend after fire and significantly recovered 75 days after forward or back burning and were significantly higher 120 days after forward burning compared to unburned plots. The ECM fungal community in the heading fire and the backfire plots did not differ significantly. However, non-metric multidimensional scaling confirmed that ECM composition differed over time. According to a Mantel test, the sampling time after prescribed burning accounted for 64% of the variation in ECM composition, followed by edaphic factors (26%) such as organic matter and Na.
Research highlights: This preliminary study suggests that low-intensity prescribed burning does not have a negative effect on ECM fungal dynamics in humid tropical forests.
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Arévalo, José Ramón, Silvia Fernández-Lugo, Celia García-Domínguez, Agustín Naranjo-Cigala, Federico Grillo, and Leonor Calvo. "Prescribed Burning and Clear-Cutting Effects on Understory Vegetation in aPinus canariensisStand (Gran Canaria)." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/215418.
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Prescribed fires are a powerful tool for reducing fire hazards by decreasing amounts of fuel. The main objective is to analyze the effects of prescribed burning on the understory vegetation composition as well as on the soil characteristics of a reforested stand ofPinus canariensis. The study attempts to identify the effects of the preburning treatment of cutting understory vegetation on the floristic parameters of the vegetation community. This study was carried out for two years following a prescribed fire in a Canarian pine stand. Cutting and burning treatment affected species composition and increased diversity. Burnt and cut plots were characterized by a diverse array of herbaceous species and by a lower abundance ofTeline microphylla(endemic legume), although burning apparently induced its germination. Cut treatment was more consistently differentiated from the control plots than burnt treatment. Soil K decreased after both treatments, pH slightly decreased after cutting, while P and Ca increased after fire. From an ecological point of view, prescribed burning is a better management practice than cutting the woody species of the understory. However, long-term studies would be necessary to evaluate the effects of fire intensity, season and frequency in which the prescribed burning is applied.
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Metallinou, Maria-Monika. "Emergence of and Learning Processes in a Civic Group Resuming Prescribed Burning in Norway." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145668.
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Background: Coastal Norwegian heathlands have been regularly managed by burning for about 5000 years. This practice, supporting sustainable herbivore production, did, however, seize in the 1950s and was virtually absent for 60–70 years. Loss of biodiversity, increased fire hazard due to biomass accumulation and loss of visual landscape qualities recently propelled new interest in traditional landscape management. Loss of know-how makes this a dangerous activity. The present study focuses on the emergence and learning processes of a civic group established for resuming prescribed burning in Northern Rogaland in order to possibly assist similar initiatives elsewhere. Methods: Study of written information, interviews with core prescribed burners and participant observation have been undertaken. The topics at four annual prescribed burning seminars, arranged by the studied civic group, have been analyzed. Participant observation at civic group winter meetings, debriefing sessions and field work has also been undertaken. Results: Pioneers who, without guidance, resumed prescribed burning relied on experience gained as part-time firefighters and relations to farming, in particular sheep grazing. Building good relations with local fire brigades and support by local and regional environmental authorities (especially the local agricultural advisory office) enhanced the practice. Short weather window, assembling a big enough burner group on the working days, as well as possible liability issues were identified as challenges. They were self-taught through “learning by doing” and open to new technologies/artifacts, i.e., leaf blowers for fire control. Their use of artifacts, together with supporting the fire brigades during a wildfire, strengthened their group identity. A connection to academia improved the focus on safe and effective prescribed burning through deeper insight into the physical parameters that govern burning in the terrain. Conclusions: The study provides valuable insight into favorable preconditions and possible key personnel for resuming prescribed burning in other areas in Norway and elsewhere. Content and teaching methods for a possible future standardized prescribed heathland burning course are suggested.
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Cummins, Karen, Joseph Noble, J. Morgan Varner, Kevin M. Robertson, J. Kevin Hiers, Holly K. Nowell, and Eli Simonson. "The Southeastern U.S. Prescribed Fire Permit Database: Hot Spots and Hot Moments in Prescribed Fire across the Southeastern U.S.A." Fire 6, no. 10 (September 24, 2023): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6100372.
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Prescribed fire is an important land conservation tool to meet ecological, cultural, and public safety objectives across terrestrial ecosystems. While estimates of prescribed burning in the U.S.A. exceed 4.5 million hectares annually, tracking the extent of prescribed fire is problematic for several reasons and prevents an understanding of spatial and temporal trends in landscape patterns of prescribed fires. We developed a regional prescribed fire database from 12 state forestry agencies in the southeastern U.S. using records of burn location, size, and calendar days and evaluated spatial and temporal patterns in burning from 2010 to 2020. Over half of all prescribed fires in the U.S. occur in the Southeast, with five states (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, and Mississippi) comprising over ninety percent of the burned area over a decade. We identified hot spots of concentrated prescribed fire activity on both public and private forestlands across the region, as well as regions of less burning, which often occurred in close proximity to hot spots. Temporally, most prescribed fires occurred in March and February across the region; the least activity was recorded between May and November. Our database reveals that burning is highly concentrated within the region, presumably reflecting local land ownership categories and associated land management objectives. This database and these analyses provide the first region-wide summary of fine-scale patterns of prescribed fire in the U.S. and demonstrate the potential for various analyses beyond this work for air quality modeling and remote sensing, as well as the potential impacts of demographic and land use changes.
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Espinosa, J., J. Madrigal, V. Pando, A. C. de la Cruz, M. Guijarro, and C. Hernando. "The effect of low-intensity prescribed burns in two seasons on litterfall biomass and nutrient content." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 11 (2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf19132.
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Litterfall production and composition, fall pattern and nutrient content were studied in a mixed stand of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster (El Pozuelo), as well as in a pure stand of Pinus nigra (Beteta) in the Cuenca Mountains in order to determine the effect of two-season prescribed burning treatments. Needles were the most abundant fraction. Pinecone fraction decreased after burning in the mixed stand and the opposite occurred in the pure stand. The inflorescence fraction showed a decrease in the spring-burned plots at El Pozuelo and Beteta. Bark, branch and miscellaneous fractions were affected mainly by meteorological events. Low-intensity prescribed burning was not found to cause significant perturbations. The perturbation was mitigated over the years. An immediate effect of prescribed burning in spring was seen at El Pozuelo and Beteta, although it was more significant for the pure stand. The effect of prescribed burning in autumn at Beteta had a delayed response. As regards nutrient contents, no differences in carbon concentrations were detected. Overall, an increasing trend in N, P, K concentrations in needles after the burning treatment was found. Calcium was not a limiting factor. Magnesium content exhibited no clear trend.
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Schumann, Keith D., J. Richard Conner, James W. Richardson, Jerry W. Stuth, Wayne T. Hamilton, and D. Lynn Drawe. "The Use of Biophysical and Expected Payoff Probability Simulation Modeling in The Economic Assessment of Brush Management Alternatives." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 33, no. 3 (December 2001): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080002099x.
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AbstractWoody plant encroachment restricts forage production and capacity to produce grazing livestock. Biophysical plant growth simulation and economic simulation were used to evaluate a prescribed burning range management technique. Modeling systems incorporated management practices and costs, historical climate data, vegetation and soil inventories, livestock production data, and historical regional livestock prices. The process compared baseline non-treatment return estimates to expected change in livestock returns resulting from prescribed burning. Stochastic analyses of production and price variability produced estimates of greater net returns resulting from use of prescribed burning relative to the baseline.
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Whitehead, Siân C., and David Baines. "Moorland vegetation responses following prescribed burning on blanket peat." International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, no. 10 (2018): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18019.
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Moorlands provide several key ecosystem services, as well as supporting shooting of red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica Latham). Prescribed burning of heather is an integral aspect of grouse-moor management but is sometimes presented as ecologically damaging. However, a long-term burning experiment at Moor House National Nature Reserve, North Pennines, northern England, showed that more frequent burning actually increased the cover of peat-building species such as Sphagnum mosses and cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum L.). Here we compare those findings with data from another deep-peat site in the North Pennines, but one that is actively managed as a grouse moor. We describe post-fire vegetation change using aerial images to construct a time-series of burns. Comparable with the Moor House study, we found highest levels of Sphagnum and Eriophorum cover on fires last burned within 3–10 years, whereas heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) cover, that of other mosses, and overall vegetation height all increased in a linear manner over time since burning. These results from an actively managed grouse moor subject to prescribed burning demonstrate that the cover and species richness of Sphagnum, a key peat-forming group, correlated with reduced dominance of tall heather, can benefit from a post-burn period of up to 10 years.
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Molina, Juan Ramón, Macarena Ortega, and Francisco Rodríguez y Silva. "Useful Life of Prescribed Fires in a Southern Mediterranean Basin: An Application to Pinus pinaster Stands in the Sierra Morena Range." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040486.
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Prescribed fire is a globally relevant fuel treatment for surface fuel management and wildfire hazard reduction. However, Mediterranean ecosystems are adapted to low and moderate fires; hence, the useful life of prescribed fires is limited. Useful life is defined as the effective rotation length of prescribed fires to mitigate fire spread based on critical surface intensity for crown combustion. In this sense, the useful life of a prescribed fire focuses on surface fuel dynamics and its potential fire behavior. In Pinus pinaster stands, the useful life can be established between 0 and 4 years. Canopy base height, time elapsed from the burning, postfire precipitation, and fine fuel moisture content during the burning were identified as the most important variables in postburn fuel dynamics. Other stand characteristics and postfire precipitation can improve the fine fuel and live fuel dynamics models. Our findings support prescribed fires as an effective fuel treatment in the medium term for forest fire prevention, according to stand characteristics and burning implementation conditions. In this sense, forest managers can use the proposed decision tree to identify the useful life of each prescribed fire based on fine fuel moisture content during burning implementation.
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Paysen, Timothy E., and Marcia G. Narog. "Tree mortality 6 years after burning a thinned Quercuschrysolepis stand." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-277.
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Managers do not currently use prescribed fire in stands of canyon live oak (Quercuschrysolepis Liebm.) because it is highly susceptible to fire injury. A preliminary study investigating the effects of prescribed burning on this species was initiated on the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California. The purpose was to assess the feasibility of using thinning and prescribed burning to develop shaded fuel breaks in these stands. This paper addresses aboveground tree mortality inventoried 2 and 6 years after a prescribed burn. Aboveground tree stems were judged as live or dead (irrespective of root-zone sprouting). Fire caused approximately 50% mortality in DBH classes ≤15 cm and <10% in larger classes. Between the 2nd and 6th years after burning, tree mortality increased by only 3%. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can be used as a management tool in Q. chrysolepis stands and that tree mortality might be evaluated sooner than previously believed. More investigations are required to identify favorable conditions for prescribed burning in this species, as well as applicability for (i) degree of hazard reduction near the urban wildland interface, (ii) stand improvement by thinning small or crowded trees, and (iii) revitalizing wildlife habitat.
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Gill, A. Malcolm. "Fire regimes, biodiversity conservation and prescribed-burning programs." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 124, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs12001.
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In the trend towards the domestication, or taming, of fire regimes in Victoria, Australia, the level of prescribed burning has been stepped up due to a recommendation from the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. While prescribed burning programs may be instituted for a number of reasons, especially the protection of life and property, they have consequences for the conservation of biodiversity. Not all vegetation types can be prescribed burned because the weather does not always allow it to occur under safe working conditions; where prescribed burning programs are carried out, unplanned fires may still occur. Thus, the general issue is the effect on biodiversity of both prescribed and unplanned fires, neither alone. Here, the importance to biodiversity conservation of all the components of the fire regime– interval, season, intensity and type (peat fire or otherwise) – and their domain of variability is emphasized. If conservation of biodiversity is to be guaranteed in a changing fire world, then much more knowledge about the systems being managed, gained in large part through effective monitoring, is needed. Issues such as targets and some assumptions of management are addressed here.
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Akinbile, Demilade Samuel, Zifei Liu, Xiaomao Lin, Trisha Moore, and Weixing Song. "Optimum Weather Conditions for Prescribed Burning in the Flint Hills Region." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 3 (2023): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15422.
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Highlights The subjectivity of landowner decisions in prescribed burning was influenced by solar radiation and relative humidity. Landowners preferred to burn when there was less cloud cover, which promoted O3 generation. Proposed optimum weather conditions will reduce the smoke impact on O3. Abstract. Land managers use weather conditions to determine when meteorological and fuel conditions are suitable for prescribed burning. The objectives of this study were: 1) to characterize meteorological parameters’ sensitivities and identify the influential weather parameters connected to daily fire activities; and 2) to identify optimum weather conditions that are practical for mitigating the smoke impact associated with prescribed fires in the Flint Hills region. Machine learning techniques using random forest (RF) with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values and Pearson correlation were used to identify the relative importance of weather variables and their impact on landowner burn decisions in the Flint Hills region based on historic data from 2003-2019. Results showed that less cloud cover demonstrated superior predictive power in landowner decisions for prescribed burning and largely resulted in elevated ambient ozone (O3). We found out that six days per burning season on average provided the proposed optimum weather conditions, where cloud cover ranged from 10+ to 55%. However, 62% of the total burned area occurred when the cloud cover was less than 10+% during 2003-2019. By changing the current burning occurrence to the proposed optimum weather conditions in our study, the probability of 70+ ppb O3 occurrence could be reduced from 35% to 9% on heavy fire days. Keywords: Cloud cover, Optimum weather conditions, Ozone, Prescribed burning.
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Irei, Satoshi, Seiichiro Yonemura, Satoshi Kameyama, Asahi Sakuma, and Hiroto Shimazaki. "Emission of Particulate Inorganic Substances from Prescribed Open Grassland Burning in Hirado, Akiyoshidai, and Aso, Japan." Air 2, no. 1 (March 13, 2024): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/air2010004.
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Biomass burning is one of the largest sources of particulate matter emissions globally. However, the emission of particulate inorganic species from prescribed grassland burning in Japan has not yet been characterized. In this study, we collected total suspended particulate matter from prescribed grassland burning in Hirado, Akiyoshidai, and Aso, Japan. The collected filter samples were brought to the laboratory, and water-soluble inorganic components were analyzed via ion chromatography. The measurement results showed high excess concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and these substances were highly correlated, which agreed with previously reported findings. In contrast, the concentrations of sodium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate were insignificant, even though their high concentrations were reported in other biomass burning studies. Among these low concentration substances, a high correlation was still observed between sulfate and nitrate. It is possible that the low concentrations of those species could have been biased in the measurements, particularly as a result of subtracting blank and background values from the observed concentrations. Building up more data in this area may allow us to characterize the significance of domestic biomass burning’s contribution to inorganic particulate components in Japanese air, which may consequently contributes to better understanding of adverse health effect of airborne particulate matter.
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Pineda Valles, Harold E., Gustavo Manzon Nunes, Christian Niel Berlinck, Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves, and Gabriel Henrique Pires de Mello Ribeiro. "Use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Multispectral Data to Evaluate the Effects of Prescribed Burnings on Three Macrohabitats of Pantanal, Brazil." Remote Sensing 15, no. 11 (June 4, 2023): 2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112934.
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The controlled use of fires to reduce combustible materials in prescribed burning helps to prevent the occurrence of forest fires. In recent decades, these fires have mainly been caused by anthropogenic activities. The study area is located in the Pantanal biome. In 2020, the greatest drought in 60 years happened in the Pantanal. The fire affected almost one third of the biome. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of prescribed burnings carried out in 2021 on three macrohabitats (M1: natural grassland flooded with a proliferation of Combretum spp., M2: natural grassland of seasonal swamps, and M3: natural grassland flooded with a proliferation of Vochysia divergens) inside the SESC Pantanal Private Natural Heritage Reserve. Multispectral and thermal data analyses were conducted with remotely piloted aircraft systems in 1 ha plots in three periods of the dry season with early, mid, and late burning. The land use and land cover classification indicate that the predominant vegetation type in these areas is seasonally flooded grassland, with percentages above 73%, except in zone three, which has a more diverse composition and structure, with the presence of arboreal specimens of V. divergem Pohl. The pattern of the thermal range showed differentiation pre- and post-burning. The burned area index indicated that fire was more efficient in the first two macrohabitats because they are natural grasslands, reducing the grass species in the burnings. Early and mid prescribed burnings are a good option to reduce the continuous accumulation of dry forest biomass fuel material and help to promote landscape heterogeneity. The use of multispectral sensor data with high spatial/spectral resolution can show the effects of fires, using highly detailed scales for technical decision making.
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Waldrop, Thomas, Ross A. Phillips, and Dean A. Simon. "Fuels and Predicted Fire Behavior in the Southern Appalachian Mountains After Fire and Fire Surrogate Treatments." Forest Science 56, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/56.1.32.
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Abstract This study tested the success of fuel reduction treatments for mitigating wildfire behavior in an area that has had little previous research on fire, the southern Appalachian Mountains. A secondary objective of treatments was to restore the community to an open woodland condition. Three blocks of four treatments were installed in a mature hardwood forest in western North Carolina. Fuel reduction treatments included chainsaw felling of small trees and shrubs (mechanical treatment), two prescribed fires 3 years apart, a combination of mechanical and burning treatments, and an untreated control. Mechanical treatment eliminated vertical fuels but without prescribed burning; the mechanical treatment added litter (11%) and woody fuels (1 hour 167%; 10 hours 78%) that increased several measures of BehavePlus4-simulated fire behavior (rate of spread, flame length, spread distance, and area burned) for 5 years. Prescribed burning reduced litter mass by 80% and reduced all simulated fire behavior variables for 1 year but had no residual effect by the third year. The combined mechanical and burning treatments had hot prescribed fires (mean temperature of 517°C at 30 cm aboveground) during the first burn that killed some overstory trees, resulting in increased amounts of woody fuels on the forest floor. All active treatments (fire, mechanical, and combined) reduced simulated wildfire behavior, even after a severe ice storm that added fine fuels. Prescribed burning in combination with the mechanical treatment was the most effective in reducing all measures of fire behavior and advancing restoration objectives. Each of the active treatments tested must be repeated to reduce fuels and lower wildfire behavior, but prescribed burning must be repeated frequently.
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Ascoli, D., and G. Bovio. "Prescribed burning in Italy: issues, advances and challenges." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 6, no. 2 (April 2, 2013): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor0803-006.
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Zasada, John, and Rodney Norum. "Prescribed Burning White Spruce Slash in Interior Alaska." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.1.16.
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Abstract Broadcast burning following harvesting on flood-plain sites in Alaska substantially decreased residual organic material and increased exposed mineral soil. Two forest types were studied: white spruce/alder/feathermoss and white spruce/alder/lingenberry/feathermoss. The latter site contained permafrost. Fuel was reduced 67% and 81%, respectively; organic horizon thickness was decreased 43% to 2.9 in (7.4 cm) and 55% to 2.5 in (6.4 cm), respectively; and mineral soil exposure was 13% and 8%, respectively. Burning created good conditions for planting on both types. In addition, mechanical site preparation to increase mineral soil exposure appears to be necessary to achieve adequate, well-distributed regeneration from seed. North. J. Appl. For. 3:16-18, Mar. 1986.