Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Premiers principes du mouvement'
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Vanandruel, Jean-Pierre. "L'analyse du mouvement dans les traités de philosophie de la nature et dans les traités métaphysiques d'Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H230.
Full textAristotle's Metaphysics contains analyses of movement. The present thesis seeks to determine the reasons for their presence in these texts, and the point of view - different from that of physics - under which Aristotle studies what the causes and principles of natural movements are. A study of previous opinions and the construction of correlative aporias shows that Aristotle situates the inquiry of the Metaphysics in continuity with those of other philosophers: the aim is to conceive what the first principles of all things, or of all beings, are, in a way that improves on the Physicists and the Platonists. Now, since he criticises his predecessors’ principles on the ground that they are incapable of explaining natural movements, we can conclude that the solutions conceived by Aristotle do provide first principles capable of accounting for natural movements. The wisdom and the first science of the Metaphysics is, in my view, this search for the first principles and the first causes. This science is the science of substance, and so is distinguished from physical science, in that it establishes that substances are the first principles of all things, and this in three different senses: (1) substances are principles of all things, since without them there can be no other beings and no movement; (2) the form is first substance and principle of compound substances; and, with matter, it is an ungenerated principle for their generations and their movements; (3) there are substances that are prior to natural substances: the ordered movers of the movements of the celestial spheres
Rieger, Schmidt Ana. "La primauté de l’étant et les premiers principes chez Gérard Odon." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040030.
Full textThis thesis deals with Geraldus Odonis’ treatise De duobos communissimis principiis scientiarum (ca. 1320). In the first part, we analyze the text by focusing on the concept of "ens tertio adiacens". It is the being signified by the totality of the proposition and its truthmaker; it is univocally common to ens reale and ens rationis, for this reason Odonis identifies it to the subject of the principle of non-contradiction and the principle of excluded middle. The ens tertio adiacens also corresponds to the first adequate object of the intellect and to the subject of logic, which is understood as the first science. In the second part, we place Odonis in two historiographical debates: the propositional realism (alongside Walter Burley, Gregory of Rimini and John Wyclif) and the advancements of the doctrine of supertranscendentals (alongside Nicolas Bonetus, Francis of Marchia and others), which emerges from the distinction between the two senses of "res" in Henry of Ghent and in Duns Scotus
Souihel, Selma. "Principes computationnels génériques et spécifiques à l’anticipation visuelle du mouvement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4114.
Full textVision is initiated in the retina, where light is converted into electrical signals by photoreceptors, sent to bipolar cells then ganglion cells, generating spike trains. Visual information is then transmitted to the thalamus via the optic nerve which in turn transmits it to the visual cortex. The retinal processing alone takes time, up to 150 ms, not to mention the time lags introduced by synaptic transmissions between the three processing units. This shows that the existence of compensatory mechanisms to reduce processing delays is absolutely essential. These compensatory mechanisms are known as anticipation. Anticipation first occurs at the level of the retina and is further carried out by the primary visual cortex. In its first occurrence, anticipation is either characterized by a shift in the the peak response, or a short range wave of activation. In the second case, it is characterized by a wider range wave of activation. The first contribution of this thesis is the development of a generalized 2D model of the retina, mimicking three types of ganglion cells : Fast OFF cells with gain control, direction selective cells with gap junction connectivity, and differential motion cells connected through an upstream amacrine circuit, able of anticipating different kind of moving stimuli. The second contribution is to use our retina model as an input to a mean field cortical model to reproduce motion anticipation as observed in voltage sensitive dye imaging recordings. Throughout our work, we will study the effect of non linear phenomena involved in anticipation, as well as connectivity, both at the level of the retina and the primary visual cortex. The integrated retinocortex model allowed us to study the effects of anticipation on two-dimensional stimuli, and to highlight the collaborative aspect of anticipation mechanisms in the retina and the cortex
França, Freitas Vinícius. "Thomas Reid sur les premiers principes de la connaissance spéculative, morale et politique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H221.
Full textThis thesis aims to discuss Thomas Reid’s (1710-1796) theory of the first principles of knowledge, more particularly, the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. In the first chapter, I discuss Reid’s foundationalist commitments in philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I argue that he is clearly a foundationalist about speculative and moral knowledge, but it is not clear if he keeps foundationalist commitments with regard to political knowledge – the first principles of politics are not self-evident beliefs: they are not justified from the start and, therefore, they do not have what is needed for being basic beliefs in a foundationalist view of the structure of knowledge. In the second chapter, I discuss Reid’s understanding of the sources of speculative, moral and political knowledge, namely, common sense and knowledge of mankind. I argue that while philosophy of mind and morals are based upon the first principles of common sense – immediate and irresistible beliefs due to the original constitution of mind, politics is based upon first principles of the knowledge of mankind – beliefs that are due to a mixture of the sagacity and the experience of the political scientist who lives among other human beings in a political society. In the third chapter, I try to explain Reid’s comprehension on the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I try to explain what a first principle of knowledge is, how to understand the distinction between the principles of contingent and necessary truths and what the means we have to identify the first principles of knowledge are. The fourth and last chapter is entirely dedicated to common sense. More particularly, I discuss how Reid defends the first principles of common sense from the skeptical attack
Dourneau, Gérard. "Observations et étude du mouvement des huit premiers satellites de Saturne." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10549.
Full textDourneau, Gérard. "Observations et étude du mouvement des huit premiers satellites de Saturne." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376046527.
Full textVasconcelos, Filipe. "RMN premiers principes de l’17O appliqués à l’étude des phosphates cristallins et amorphes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10170/document.
Full textOur strategy is to associate NMR high resolution results and first-principles calculation in order to better understand the influence of 17O local environment onto the NMR parameters (chemical shift, quadrupolar parameters). The calculations were performed using the GIPAW algorithm, developed by Pickard and Mauri, which gives access to the NMR magnetic shielding for all nuclei of a given structure. This method improved previous approaches based on first-principles calculation by considering the symmetrical translation properties in crystals. The document will include data on crystalline as well as glass systems. Indeed, we report data obtained on cristalline sodium phosphates and from which general trends were deduced between the NMR parameters and the structural/local 17Oenvironments. In a following step, molecular dynamics has been used inorder to generate a number of glass structures that would model our real glass systems. The calculated NMR parameters are discussed and compared to those obtained experimentally. Finally, the distribution of NMR parameters usually observed on high resolution spectra will be interpreted using a new distribution model, which is an extension of the so-called Czjzek model
Rocquefelte, Xavier. "Modélisation du comportement électrochimique de matériaux pour batteries au lithium à partir de calculs de premiers principes." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003977.
Full textRocquefelte, Xavier. "Modelisation du comportement electrochimique de materiaux pour batteries au lithium a partir de calculs de premiers principes." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2039.
Full textBarbé, Elric. "Simulation multi-échelles du comportement mécanique des carbures et des interfaces carbure-métal à partir des premiers principes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS209.
Full textFerritic and austenitic steels as well a nickel-based alloys contains generally carbides. These carbides under mechanical load may display either interfacial or intra-precipitate fracture. The objective of this thesis is to simulate the fractures of various interfaces and carbides from the first principles. The evaluated fracture parameters may be input for cohesive zone models used in finite elements computations. Decohesion curves are obtained using the UBER model (Universal Bonding Energy Relation) based on the use of characteristic parameters of the interfaces or carbides such as the thickness, of the volume involved in the fracture process, its Young's modulus or its Griffith energy. To validate this model, tensile test simulations are performed by DFT (Density Functional Theory). Different carbides (Fe3C, Cr23C6 and TiC) have been studied during this thesis, varying the metallic atoms, the crystallographic structure and the magnetic order of the matrix. We conclude that depending on the nature of the carbide, the fracture is located either at the interface (Cr23C6) or inside the carbide (Fe3C). These crack initiation predictions are in agreement with many experimental observations. Finally, crystalline finite element calculations are performed. In the case of Cr23C6 carbides, the finite element calculations using the computed critical stress predict an interface crack initiation. In the case of titanium carbides, both interface and intra-precipitate carbide crack initiation are predicted
Mortazavi, Amiri Narjes Beigom. "Relations entre motifs structuraux et dynamique de réseau dans les cristaux mixtes Cu-Zn-Sn-Se : études premiers principes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0333/document.
Full textThe works addresses vibrational properties of novel semiconductors, specifically the Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu2ZnSnS4 compounds of the kesterite structure, which, in the domain of photovoltaics, become competitive with leading materials of chalcopyrite type, notably Cu(In,Ga)Se2. The anticipated immediate practical interest of such study is that the vibration spectra are likely to make possible a distinction between different structural phases, possible for a given composition. The vibration modes are accessed by using a first-principle theory approach. The manuscript is divided into five chapters, with the following contents: (1) A brief introduction into the work principle and the problematics of photovoltaics, specifically of the solar cells based on multinary semiconductors; the chapter closes by the description of the phase diagram of the Cu-Zn-Sn-Se system. (2) An overview of the density functional theory (DFT) and of the technics of numerical simulations using the SIESTA code. (3) The vibrational properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 in its two phases, kesterite and stannite, as studied by first-principles method, with a detailed comparison being done along with a thorough mode-by-mode analysis. (4) Vibrational properties of a secondary phase Cu2SnSe3, which often competes with the Cu2ZnSnSe4 phase in the process of sample growth. (5) Calculation of phonons in the Cu2ZnSnS4 structure containing intrinsic defects (vacances; anti sites), with the objective of estimating vibrational contributions to entropy and the correction of the composition - temperature phase diagram in this multi nary system. The general conclusion summarises the results which are published in 5 articles
Bertocchi, Matteo. "Génération de seconde harmonique dans des systèmes quantiques confinés à base de silicium: description théorique à partir des principes premiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00796933.
Full textSchneider, Anton. "Corrélations entre le magnétisme, la thermodynamique et la diffusion dans les alliages Fe-Mn cubiques centrés : des premiers principes aux températures finies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS367.
Full textIn 3d alloys, magnetic properties of solutes can be extremely sensitive to local chemical environments and can have a crucial impact on various thermodynamic and kinetic properties. In order to properly understand the fundamental properties of these alloys, the first part of this work is dedicated to the study of the effects of local chemical environment on the magnetic state of Mn solutes in bcc Fe-Mn by means of Density Functional Theory. Namely, configurations containing Mn, being isolated or forming a cluster, and in the presence of vacancies or interstitial impurities are investigated and their lowest-energy magnetic configuration is determined. The ab-initio data produced are then used to parameterize an effective interaction model in order to study the properties of Fe-Mn alloys at finite temperature. The key features of Fe-Mn alloys are identified, and the model is validated at low temperature by reproducing ab-initio predictions. Using this model coupled to Monte Carlo simulations, we simulate the chemical evolution of Fe-Mn properties depending on temperature and Mn concentration while relaxing the magnetic structure on-the-fly. In order to illustrate the validity and the applicability of the model, we examine certain finite temperature properties of bcc Fe-Mn alloys such as the concentration dependence of the Curie temperature or the temperature evolution of the mixing energy and the atomic short-range order. Since diffusion in Fe and Fe-Mn alloys is generally ruled by vacancy-mechanism, we also propose a formalism to take explicitly into account the properties of vacancies in the interaction model and the effect of local magnetic state on these properties. Using tracer diffusion Monte Carlo simulations, this approach predicts the temperature dependence of self-diffusion in bcc Fe in excellent agreement with experimental results, including the deviation from Arrhenius law around the Curie temperature and the change of slope between the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regimes. The accuracy of the widely used Ruch model is discussed in the light of the present results. Finally, we apply this approach to the diffusion of a Mn solute in bcc Fe and compare with experimental results
Piechowiak, Sylvain. "Système de diagnostic a base de connaissance fonde sur les premiers principes : application au diagnostic des équipements électroniques de conduite et de sécurité des transports guides." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3feb9235-3d01-4f3f-8ed8-3eec1a6bc0fd.
Full textLopez, Bezanilla Alejandro. "Étude à partir des premiers principes de l'effet de la fonctionnalisation sur le transport de charge dans les systèmes à base de carbone à l'échelle mésoscopique." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10248.
Full textA theoretical methodology and study of charge transport through GNRs, as well as in metallic and semiconducting CNTs, with randomly distributed functional groups covalently attached to the system surface is presented. By resorting to both first principles calculations, to obtain a suitable parametrization of the electronic structure, and a fully ab initio transport approach calculation to explore conduction regimes through large and disordered systems. The quantum transport modeling is based on the Green function formalism, combining an iterative scheme for the calculation of transmission coefficients with the Landauer formula for the coherent conductance. The results describe how the conductance of the hybrid systems is altered as a function of incident electron energy and molecules coverage density. Comparing two different types of functional groups, transport regimes are explored. Phenyls and hydroxyl groups induce a local orbital rehybridization of the CNTs and GNRs anchor carbon atoms from sp2-type to sp3-type yielding a localized transport regime. On the other hand, carbene groups do not disrupt the original sp2 network of armchair and small diameter zigzag CNTs which allows for good conductance preservation
Schiavi, Marcos. "La dynamique syndicale pendant les deux premiers gouvernements péronistes, 1946-1955 : le cas des industries métallurgique et textile dans la ville de Buenos Aires et ses alentours." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/168726203#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThink the link between policy issue and social issuein Argentina assumes study the peronism in general and hisrelationship with the labor unions in particular. This relationship markedits origins and consolidation in power, then explained hissurvival during the years of political banishment, and finally, hisreturn to power in 1973. Even today, at the beginning of our century, this link is nodal in Argentina’s governance. This thesis intends to analyse this relationship through the dynamics oflabor unions, in particular its expression at the economic, organizational and political level. The analysis focuses on the first periodperonist (1946-1955), a moment when were forged the connectionsbetween peronism, justice and social welfare, which lasted for years inthe conscience of many workers. It places the focus onmetal and textile industries due to two reasons: first, theimportance of this industries and the size of the labor unions(more than one hundred thousand members each); second, that the fate of each of these branches of industry wasexpression of economics changes in the period. Finally, we have chosen the city of Buenos Aires and its surroundings because it was the largest area of industrial development during those years. The text is organized in a diachronic narrative, structuredinto four parts: the first covers the military government of the Revolución de Junio (1943-1946), the second explores the first thirty months ofperonist government (1946-1948), the third discusses the last three years, situation of economic crisis and industrial pax (1949-1951) and the fourth is devoted to the second term (1952-1955)
De, Tienda Jones Florence. "Essai de lecture textanalytique des trois premiers romans d'Octave Mirbeau (1886-1890)." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA1032.
Full textJutard-Malinge, Anne-Dominique. "Optimisation dynamique de mouvements de robots manipulateurs aux évolutions partiellement spécifiées et à état final contraint." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2358.
Full textYoussef, Srour Juliana. "Structure électronique et compétition de phases dans les semi-conducteurs Cu-(In,Ga)-Se, Ga-Se et In-Se : calculs premiers principes basés sur divers potentiels d'échange-corrélation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0238/document.
Full textIn order to optimally use new semiconductor materials in electronics or optics, one needs to understand their “electronic structure”, that is, the mutual placement of the electron energy levels concerned by the processes of absorption / emission of a photon. The electronic properties, which depend on the material’s chemical composition and crystal structure, may be assessed by theory via solving quantum-mechanical equations on a computer. The present work deals with theory simulations of electronic structure done for several binary semiconductors consisting of indium (or gallium) and selenium, moreover for their “derivatives” containing copper. As a result, the relative stability of crystallographic phases of some Ga-Se and In-Se compounds has been assessed, explaining the known trends and making predictions. The results are expected to be useful for current works in photovoltaics. The numerical simulations have been performed within the density functional theory (DFT), aimed at the equilibrium crystal structures and electronic characteristics of several binary or (pseudo)ternary semiconductors based on Cu, In, Ga and Se. The compounds under study share similar short-range order features (tetrahedral environment of both cations and anions), differently assembled on a long-range scale. The binary compounds (Ga/In)Se, (Ga/In)2Se3 mark important end points at the phase diagrams of the (Cu,In,Se) and (Cu,Ga,Se) systems that cover a number of phases relevant, e.g., for applications in photovoltaics. The work comprises two chapters of introduction and three outlining novel results
Li, Dongzhe. "Magneto-crystalline anisotropy of metallic nanostructures : tight-binding and first-principles studies." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066232/document.
Full textThe crucial issue in exploring ultimate density data storage is magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) which originates from spin-orbit coupling. Using both tight-binding and first-principles methods, we report the MCA of Fe and Co nanocrystals that can be grown epitaxially on SrTiO3 with a remarkable control of their size, shape and structure. In order to define the proper local decomposition of MCA, we implemented the “Force Theorem” within the grand-canonical formulation in QUANTUM ESPRESSO as well as in our tight-binding model. Interestingly, for both elements, the total MCA of free nanocrystals is largely dominated by (001) facets resulting in the opposite behavior: out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization direction is favored in Fe and Co nanocrystals (containing up to several hundred atoms), respectively. We also find a strong enhancement of MCA for small clusters (containing only several atoms) upon their deposition on a SrTiO3 substrate. As a consequence, we predict that the Fe nanocrystals (even rather small) should be magnetically stable and are thus good potential candidates for magnetic storage devices. Finally, our rather general orbital-resolved analysis of MCA applies also to other systems and allows, for example, predicting the MCA behavior of magnetic thin films upon covering by various organic materials such as graphene or C60 molecule
Mbongo, Djimbi Duval. "Déposition des molécules de ferrocène sur une surface de Cu(111) et modifications des états d'interfaces à la suite d'une déposition d'atomes métalliques : étude par dynamique moléculaire par premiers principes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE049.
Full textFirst-principles simulations studies, in particular Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and free energy molecular dynamics (FEMD), combined with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy reveal a non dissociative physisorption of ferrocene molecules on a Cu(111) surface, giving rise to ordered molecular layers. At the interface, a 2D-like electronic band is found, which shows an identical dispersion as the Cu(111) Shockley surface-state band. Subsequent deposition of Cu atoms forms charged organometallic compounds that localize interface-state electrons
Marckert, Jean-François. "Marches aléatoires, arbres et optimalité d'algorithmes." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0310_MARCKERT.pdf.
Full textVan, Daele Raphael. "Penser l’origine et dire le multiple dans le néoplatonisme et l’étude du mystère (玄學 xuanxue). Approche comparative de la question des premiers principes chez Damascius et Guo Xiang 郭象." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/313701.
Full textThe present research aims to explore the metaphysical issue of the first principles as it has been risen in Late Antiquity Greek philosophy (IIIrd-VIth century CE) and in Early medieval Chinese thought (IIIrd-IVth century CE). I define it as a complex of questions about the founding principles and about the origin of all things conceived as a whole, as well as about the fundamental conditions of the cosmic order and of the framework wherein human knowledge and actions take place. These questions bring out many philosophical issues: if the principle is truly principle of everything, it should have a nature distinct from what proceeds from it, as it should be conceived as prior to everything that proceeds from it. Uncaused, unfounded, non-being, the principle should not possess any attribute of what it founds, otherwise it would not be principle, but something among other things. Still, the principle cannot be absolutely disconnected from what it makes possible since, in the absence of any connection, the former could not be a principle of the latter anymore.Greek and Chinese philosophers have risen these questions. In the Neoplatonist school and in the Dark Learning movement (玄學 xuanxue), Damascius and Guo Xiang are both highly representative and critical toward the philosophical trends of their time. The study of their thought through the question of the first principles reveals original perspectives on the principle, as well as different opinions regarding the question and its significance. The methodological framework of this comparative approach is based on the methods in history of philosophy (especially the archaeological method developed by M. Foucault and by A. de Libera), and on the comparative studies in history of sciences (especially G.E.R. Lloyd’s studies). I aim to contextualise Damascius philosophy and Guo Xiang thought and to study them “in their own terms” in order to define a “delimited space for dialogue” between them. The dissertation has sixth chapters. The purpose of the three first chapters is to contextualise Damascius and Guo Xiang in the philosophical landscape of their time. Each of these chapter has two parts: the first part deals with the Greek context, the second part with the Chinese context. The three following chapters are devoted to the study of Damascius philosophy and Guo Xiang thought. Chapter I addresses Damascius and Guo Xiang biography. Chapter II addresses Damascius and Guo Xiang historical, intellectual and institutional background. The purpose of this chapter is to expose the framework of intellectual and philosophical practices in Late Antiquity Greece and in Early medieval China. Chapter III is an archaeological approach of the question of the first principles in ancient Greek philosophy and in Early Chinese thought. The first part of this chapter addresses the history of Platonism and Aristotelism in Antiquity; the second part addresses Chinese cosmological thinking from the Warring States period to the beginning of the Wei-Jin period. Chapter IV addresses the notion of aporia: the guidelines of the chapter are the limits of human language in the metaphysical quest for the ultimate principles or in the attempt to reach the core nature of reality. I discuss these question in Damascius’ philosophy and in the Zhuangzi as interpreted by Guo Xiang. In chapter V, I analyse the critical dimension of Damascius’ metaphysics in order to stress how Damascius cunningly modifies the Neoplatonist metaphysics. In chapter VI, I address the main concepts of Guo Xiang’s thought, especially the notion of self-so (自然 ziran) and the notion of lone transformations (獨化 duhua). I show how Guo Xiang argues that the search for a primordial cause is potentially endless and how he dismisses such inquiry. By so doing, Guo Xiang thinks the unity of the cosmos as the co-presence of all things with all things rather than through the priority of a first ordering principle.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Van, Daele Raphaël. "Penser l’origine et dire le multiple dans le néoplatonisme et l’étude du mystère (玄學 xuanxue) : approche comparative de la question des premiers principes chez Damascius et Guo Xiang 郭象." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0088.
Full textThe present research aims to explore the metaphysical issue of the first principles as it has been risen in Late Antiquity Greek philosophy (IIIrd-VIth century CE) and in Early medieval Chinese thought (IIIrd-IVth century CE). I define it as a complex of questions about the founding principles and about the origin of all things conceived as a whole, as well as about the fundamental conditions of the cosmic order and of the framework wherein human knowledge and actions take place. These questions bring out many philosophical issues: if the principle is truly principle of everything, it should have a nature distinct from what proceeds from it, as it should be conceived as prior to everything that proceeds from it. Uncaused, unfounded, non-being, the principle should not possess any attribute of what it founds, otherwise it would not be principle, but something among other things. Still, the principle cannot be absolutely disconnected from what it makes possible since, in the absence of any connection, the former could not be a principle of the latter anymore.Greek and Chinese philosophers have risen these questions. In the Neoplatonist school and in the Dark Learning movement (玄學 xuanxue), Damascius and Guo Xiang are both highly representative and critical toward the philosophical trends of their time. The study of their thought through the question of the first principles reveals original perspectives on the principle, as well as different opinions regarding the question and its significance. The methodological framework of this comparative approach is based on the methods in history of philosophy (especially the archaeological method developed by M. Foucault and by A. de Libera), and on the comparative studies in history of sciences (especially G.E.R. Lloyd’s studies). I aim to contextualise Damascius philosophy and Guo Xiang thought and to study them “in their own terms” in order to define a “delimited space for dialogue” between them. The dissertation has sixth chapters. The purpose of the three first chapters is to contextualise Damascius and Guo Xiang in the philosophical landscape of their time. Each of these chapter has two parts: the first part deals with the Greek context, the second part with the Chinese context. The three following chapters are devoted to the study of Damascius philosophy and Guo Xiang thought. Chapter I addresses Damascius and Guo Xiang biography. Chapter II addresses Damascius and Guo Xiang historical, intellectual and institutional background. The purpose of this chapter is to expose the framework of intellectual and philosophical practices in Late Antiquity Greece and in Early medieval China. Chapter III is an archaeological approach of the question of the first principles in ancient Greek philosophy and in Early Chinese thought. The first part of this chapter addresses the history of Platonism and Aristotelism in Antiquity; the second part addresses Chinese cosmological thinking from the Warring States period to the beginning of the Wei-Jin period. Chapter IV addresses the notion of aporia: the guidelines of the chapter are the limits of human language in the metaphysical quest for the ultimate principles or in the attempt to reach the core nature of reality. I discuss these question in Damascius’ philosophy and in the Zhuangzi as interpreted by Guo Xiang. In chapter V, I analyse the critical dimension of Damascius’ metaphysics in order to stress how Damascius cunningly modifies the Neoplatonist metaphysics. In chapter VI, I address the main concepts of Guo Xiang’s thought, especially the notion of self-so (自然 ziran) and the notion of lone transformations (獨化 duhua). I show how Guo Xiang argues that the search for a primordial cause is potentially endless and how he dismisses such inquiry. By so doing, Guo Xiang thinks the unity of the cosmos as the co-presence of all things with all things rather than through the priority of a first ordering principle
Tisserand, Félix. "Exposition d'après les principes de Jacobi, de la méthode suivie par M. Delaunay dans sa théorie du mouvement de la lune autour de la terre; extension de la méthode." Paris : Bibliothèque universitaire Pierre et Marie Curie (BUPMC), 2009. http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000276_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000276_001-pleadetoc&base=fa.
Full textShim, Kyung-Eun. "L'assimilation du tour-pivot en danse classique la Pirouette en dehors par la danse coréenne Hanbaldeuleodolgi : une étude comparative de la manière dont la danse classique et la danse coréenne maîtrisent les principes fonctionnels du tour-pivot à partir d'une analyse de leur apprentissage." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0010.
Full textFrom the cultural exchange between the West and Asia since the beginning of the 20th century, the Korean dance has integrated quite a few aspects of classical dance while transforming its figures. The transformation itself is what we are interested in. We focused on a central figure in ballet la pirouette en dehors, which in the Korean dance is known as the Hanbaldeuleodolgi. Our research aims to understand how a dance movement which comes under similar mechanical stresses (producing rotational forces) is expressed in both cultures (France, Korea). To complete this project we believe that an overall approach between different academic fields was necessary. We propose two ways to describe the pivot turn qualitatively, a detailed description of the dance figures with the theory of Laban and semi-structured interviews of how high level teachers from both cultures perceive the pivot turn properties and how they view the learning process. In addition, a biomechanical analysis of the pivot turn has enabled to show how each culture finely tune motion parameters to give both dance its cultural artistic dimension. These analyzes set in perspective with some aspect of Korean philosophy of the person enables us to capture, at least partially, the process of transformation and therefore assimilation of ballet dance movements by Korean dance
Guinchard, François. "L' Association internationale des travailleurs après la Révolution espagnole (1939-années 1990) : principes, tactiques et finalités anarcho-syndicalistes : crise permanente et résurgences marginales." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH033.
Full textThe International Workers Association was founded in 1922, and is the historical and largest organisation of anarcho-syndicalism, one of the major working class currents, mainly in Europe and Latin America between the 1910 and 1930 decades. The collectivizations in Spain during the civil war represent its biggest fulfillment, while in the other countries the movement allready started to decline. The practical application of the anarcho-syndicalist principles, tactics and aims leads to various re-assessments and internal conflicts. This thesis studies the causes and manifestations of the long term crisis which starts at this moment and goes on throughout the whole XXth century. At the same time as anarcho-syndicalism divides and marginalizes itself, multiform resurgences occurs. This overview enables to discern the transformations of the IWA, of the current and the culture it embodies, and the reasons of their persistence
Vincent-Munnia, Nathalie. "Les premiers poèmes en prose : généalogie d'un genre dans la première moitié du dix-neuvième siècle français." Lyon 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO20006.
Full textThe expression "prose poem" does not appear in the nineteenth century : throughout the eighteenth century, it is used to distinguish a prose which can pretend to a poetical status, in the same way as verse (that from then on neither systemat ically nor exclusively determines the existence of poetry). But, during the first decades of the nineteenth century, after the more definitive recognition of this prose poetry, the prose can be elaborated more specifically as a poem (in the modern use of the term, and no longer in the classical and analogical sense of "work in poetic style" or "prose epic"). It creates then a new type of poeticity, abandoning the predefined norms and thus benefiting from non predetermined poetic effects which make any systematic and modelising definition of the genre impossible. This kind of original poetic owes its actualization uniquely to the recognition activity of its reader. The prose poem is consequently dependent on its receipt - problematical at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Furthermore, the authors of these first prose poems (ludovic de cailleux, alphonse rabbe, aloysius bertrand, xavier forneret, maurice de guerin and jules lefevre-deumier) not only make this new poetics instrument the object but also the means of a new order poetical quest. The prose poem thus acquires an exploratory and experimental value. Initiator of new types of poeticity, it also elaborates some processes of poetical reflection (by itself and upon itsel), which will determine the subsequent evolutions of poetry. Open and uncertain, the genre therefore also appears as eminently virtual and paradoxical : its generic identity being built upon its capacity to inaugurate new modes of poeticity and genericity, it is doomed to see this generic specificity dissolve at the very moment that it accedes to an entire recognition
Vilhena, Albuquerque d'Orey José Guilherme. "First principles study of nano-scale materials : quantum dots and nanowires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10155.
Full textIn this thesis we studied two of the most popular nano-scale systems, nano-wires and quantum dots, via a first-principles approach. In order to achieve this objective we have used and developed state-of-the-art theories that allowed us to have a greater insight into the the way this systems behave. One common aspect that bounds this two class of systems (nano-wires and quantum dots) is the flexibility to control their electronic and optical properties. This tunability of their electronic and optical properties, endows them of great technological interest, and is the reason behind their popularity
Chabert, Gérard. "E pluribus unum : la relation chez Aristote." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10016.
Full textE Pluribus Unum. The relation in Aristotle work’sAristotle studies unity as a complexity with several kinds of relationships. By doing so, he opens the way to the understanding of complexity. Our purpose is to study the different uses of relationship in Aristotle works. Relation is used from an accidental point of view (prós ti) as well as from an essential point of view (ousia), for the pros hén directionnal convergence and for the coïncidence of homonyms. Relationship fits with the “all-in-one” and pluri-dimensionnal approach of being by Aristotle. Relation alone is not being, but is part of being.In a first part we show that Aristotle uses each of the relation topologies in his studies, the many to many relationships used for networking is the base for Catégories.In the second part we show, from the major thesis of Aristotle, that a relational approach, coupled to directional finality and the prime motricity of each being, helps to understand the subject matter of what Aristotle is saying. Relation, because it is a first principle, helps to understand the role of all other principles used by Aristotle. Since man thinks unbreakable relations, it should possess an immortal “noûs”
Bieder, Jordan. "Étude théorique de la transition de phase α<->γ du cérium : prise en compte des fortes corrélations en DFT+DMFT." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991785.
Full textPapadakis, Nicolas. "Assimilation de données images : application au suivi de courbes et de champs de vecteurs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655898.
Full textZhang, Yan. "Theoretical study of the transition-metal oxides Pb2FeMoO6 and ZrO2." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112209.
Full textTransition-metal oxides have attracted exceptional research interest in recent years from both fundamental and technological perspectives. In this respect, we focus on two types of oxides, first, the double perovskite, Pb2FeMoO6 for a potential magnetoresistive and spintronics device application, second, zirconia ZrO2 with great mechanical and dielectric properties can be widely used in both structural and functional material fields. In this thesis we use first-principles calculations (ab-initio) to study systematically the detailed orbital-decomposed electronic structures and magnetic properties of Pb2FeMoO6 in the perfected bulk, defected bulk and slab structures. The detailed orbital-decomposed electronic structures, the mechanical, dynamical and dielectric properties of the ZrO2 in six phases (cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, orthoI (Pbca), orthoII (Pnma) and (Pca21)) have also been studied.Firstly, considering the comparable ionic radius of Pb2+ (1.49Å) with that of Sr2+ (1.44Å), we propose for the first time to substitute Sr2+ ion with Pb2+ ion in Sr2FeMoO6 and a detailed study has been performed on the Pb2FeMoO6 in the perfected bulk, defected bulk and slab structures. The half-metallic nature and a complete (100%) spin-polarized transport properties reflect the bulk and especially slab Pb2FeMoO6 a potential application in magnetoresistive and spintronics devices; The detailed orbital-decomposed density of states show the octahedral crystal-field of the six oxygen atoms around transition-metal Fe or Mo atoms splits the five-fold degenerate states of the free Fe or Mo atoms into triply degenerate t2g (dxy, dyz and dzx) states with lower energy and doubly degenerate eg (dz2 and dx2-y2) states with higher energy, which cannot be observed in previous partial density of states ( ); The Fe3+ and Mo5+ ions are in the (3d5, s=5/2) and (4d1, s=1/2) states with positive and negative magnetic moments respectively and thus antiferromagnetic coupling via oxygen between them; The half-metallic character is maintained for the disordered Pb2FeMoO6 compounds containing FeMo antisite, VFe, VO, or VPb vacancy, while it vanishes when MoFe antisite, Fe-Mo interchange or VMo vacancy are presented even the defect concentration reduce down to C=6.25%. So the MoFe antisite, Fe-Mo interchange or VMo vacancy defects have to be avoided in order to preserve the half-metallic character of the Pb2FeMoO6 compounds and thus usable in magnetoresistive and spintronics devices.Secondly, based on the calculated individual elastic stiffness constants Cij of six ZrO2 phases, the elastic and mechanical properties of the polycrystalline aggregates have been predicted. We further exam the insulating characters of the cubic/tetragonal ZrO2 slabs with various possible terminations and thicknesses within three [(001), (110) and (111)]/five [(001), (100), (110), (101) and (111)] lower index Miller planes. It is found for the first time that among various possible terminations and thicknesses within these three/five lower index Miller planes, only ZrO2-terminated slabs of the (110)/(100) Miller plane and O-terminated slabs of the (111)/(101) Miller plane of cubic/tetragonal ZrO2 maintain the insulating character and thus usable as a gate dielectric oxide in IC industry even the slab thicknesses reduce down to 2 and 3 atomic layers, respectively; Since cubic and tetragonal ZrO2 have larger elastic anisotropy, both stress and strain energy density have been calculated for all {hkl}-oriented grains of a cubic ZrO2 polycrystalline film as one example
Liu, Wei. "Investigations of the atomic order and molar volume in the binary sigma phase by DFT and CALPHAD approaches." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0471/document.
Full textThe sigma phase can serve as a prototype of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, as the sigma phase bears a broad homogeneity range and there are numerous experimental data available for the sigma phase. In the present work, physical properties, including atomic order, molar volume, enthalpy of formation and bulk modulus, of the binary sigma phase were investigated by using first principles calculations and CALPHAD method combining with the experimental data from the literature. Firstly, we found that the atomic order (i.e. atomic constituent distribution or site occupancy preference on nonequivalent sites of a crystal structure) of the sigma phase is affected by the size factor and electron configuration of the constituent elements. Furthermore, we have dissociated the effect of the individual influencing factor on atomic order. Secondly, the atomic order is found affecting physical properties, such as enthalpy of formation, bulk modulus and molar volume. When in the ordered state at 0K, the sigma phase shows a low enthalpy of formation and a large bulk modulus. The influence of atomic order on the molar volume of the sigma phase depends on the electron configuration of the two constituent elements. Thirdly, the molar volume database of the binary sigma phase has been built up within the CALPHAD framework, which can greatly facilitate material design. Finally, we tentatively discussed the site occupancy prediction of the sigma phase by using the CALPHAD method combined with first-principles calculations
Chabert, Gérard. "E pluribus unum : la relation chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10016.
Full textE Pluribus Unum. The relation in Aristotle work’sAristotle studies unity as a complexity with several kinds of relationships. By doing so, he opens the way to the understanding of complexity. Our purpose is to study the different uses of relationship in Aristotle works. Relation is used from an accidental point of view (prós ti) as well as from an essential point of view (ousia), for the pros hén directionnal convergence and for the coïncidence of homonyms. Relationship fits with the “all-in-one” and pluri-dimensionnal approach of being by Aristotle. Relation alone is not being, but is part of being.In a first part we show that Aristotle uses each of the relation topologies in his studies, the many to many relationships used for networking is the base for Catégories.In the second part we show, from the major thesis of Aristotle, that a relational approach, coupled to directional finality and the prime motricity of each being, helps to understand the subject matter of what Aristotle is saying. Relation, because it is a first principle, helps to understand the role of all other principles used by Aristotle. Since man thinks unbreakable relations, it should possess an immortal “noûs”
Crippa, Simona. "Marguerite Duras : la tentation du théorique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030102.
Full textFor sure Marguerite Duras always thought about literature by comparing herself to the rest of literature and the artistic production of her time. Indeed, literature, cinema and theater are the reflexive centers of a constant thinking which shows how much theory is a main issue for the writer herself. Her apparent and negative odds against theory in general are all because of the wanderings of the dogmatic way of the theoretical spirit. Being an active member of the French Communist Party (PCF), sharing its ideological point of view and then quitting it made way for a severe criticism and gave to her literary works a doctrinal trial. Others theoretical and political commitments may decidedly show in contrast her intellectual attraction of the writer for her age which, between the 1960s and the 1980s, made theory and literary modernity look forward. This essay will show how theory is always on Duras’s Mind as it is for her such a temptation that she never totally succumbs to, and that came back as an obsession to haunt and question her works. This temptation marks at first place her life that went through a harsh political generation that also dealt with criticism and thinking. This temptation would also be an important part of her creativity process and made her way unto literary and artistic technicals. The Theoretical temptation she dealt with went on two different ways. She went on a public adventure but without never belonging to the chorus of her times or explicitly belonging to the New Novel too. She stood as a solitary voice, a voice of her that expressed herself as a intimate confidence. This voice whispered in her writings her personal and conceptual thoughts that escorted modernity in literature. Her voice made of theoretical temptation would mingle at last with her poetical voice which reveals, through a reflexive game, the productive strengh of her writing. Vowed to a never-ending movment unto the last word, beyond the walls of all genres, the tremendous creativity of Marguerite Duras will give birth to a mesmerizing landscape in her works that goes unto the modern writing
Rieger, schmidt Ana. "La primauté de l’étant et les premiers principes chez Gérard Odon." Thesis, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040030.
Full textThis thesis deals with Geraldus Odonis’ treatise De duobos communissimis principiis scientiarum (ca. 1320). In the first part, we analyze the text by focusing on the concept of "ens tertio adiacens". It is the being signified by the totality of the proposition and its truthmaker; it is univocally common to ens reale and ens rationis, for this reason Odonis identifies it to the subject of the principle of non-contradiction and the principle of excluded middle. The ens tertio adiacens also corresponds to the first adequate object of the intellect and to the subject of logic, which is understood as the first science. In the second part, we place Odonis in two historiographical debates: the propositional realism (alongside Walter Burley, Gregory of Rimini and John Wyclif) and the advancements of the doctrine of supertranscendentals (alongside Nicolas Bonetus, Francis of Marchia and others), which emerges from the distinction between the two senses of "res" in Henry of Ghent and in Duns Scotus
França, Freitas Vinícius. "Thomas Reid sur les premiers principes de la connaissance spéculative, morale et politique." Thesis, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H221/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to discuss Thomas Reid’s (1710-1796) theory of the first principles of knowledge, more particularly, the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. In the first chapter, I discuss Reid’s foundationalist commitments in philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I argue that he is clearly a foundationalist about speculative and moral knowledge, but it is not clear if he keeps foundationalist commitments with regard to political knowledge – the first principles of politics are not self-evident beliefs: they are not justified from the start and, therefore, they do not have what is needed for being basic beliefs in a foundationalist view of the structure of knowledge. In the second chapter, I discuss Reid’s understanding of the sources of speculative, moral and political knowledge, namely, common sense and knowledge of mankind. I argue that while philosophy of mind and morals are based upon the first principles of common sense – immediate and irresistible beliefs due to the original constitution of mind, politics is based upon first principles of the knowledge of mankind – beliefs that are due to a mixture of the sagacity and the experience of the political scientist who lives among other human beings in a political society. In the third chapter, I try to explain Reid’s comprehension on the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I try to explain what a first principle of knowledge is, how to understand the distinction between the principles of contingent and necessary truths and what the means we have to identify the first principles of knowledge are. The fourth and last chapter is entirely dedicated to common sense. More particularly, I discuss how Reid defends the first principles of common sense from the skeptical attack
El-Mellouhi, Fedwa. "Étude numérique des mécanismes d'autodiffusion dans les semiconducteurs." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17384.
Full textLarouche, Sarah-Ann. "Vers une typologie du premier mouvement de sonate chez Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) : une analyse des 52 premiers mouvements Hob. XVI." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25207.
Full textAlthough there is a vast musicological literature on Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), none includes an exhaustive study of all his keyboard sonatas, including the first works composed in the 1750s. The present research aims to fill this gap through an analysis of the 52 first movements of the keyboard sonatas Hoboken (Hob.) XVI. This study constitutes a first step towards a typology of Haydn’s sonata first movement, thereby making it possible to look at the evolution of the sonata form, under development throughout the composer's creative life. Initially, a first series of Caplinian analysis allows an overview of the different forms that make up the corpus under study in order to identify certain specific procedures, namely the use of formal techniques for thematic development purposes as well as the marked use of formal and functional ambiguities. Secondly, an analysis of the arrangement of the material suggests the conception of the sonata form’s first movement to be based on the thematic development of a reduced number of ideas, the repetition of which is compensated for by several processes, the main ones of which are structural variation in the recapitulation section as well as the use of various formal functions for each iteration. Taken as a whole, these analysis show that the 52 first movements Hob. XVI are linked by the expression of a certain unpredictability caused specifically by thematic restatement and the use of various formal functions.
Lopez-Bezanilla, Alejandro. "Etude à partir des premiers principes de l'effet de la fonctionnalisation sur le transport de charge dans les systèmes à base de carbone à l'échelle mésoscopique." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00438848.
Full textPesant, Simon. "Étude, par principes premiers, des effets de la corrélation entre électrons sur les propriétés électroniques et magnétiques de polymères pontés et de supraconducteurs à haute température critique." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4246.
Full textDescription of complex systems by Density functional theory is treated in this thesis. First, the Density functional theory and a few functionals used to simulate cristals are presented. Specifically, the LDA and GGA functionnals are described and their limits are exposed. Furthermore, the Hubbard model as well as the LDA+U functionnal are addressed in this chapter. These methods enable the study of highly correlated materials. Then, results obtained on polymers are summarized in two articles. The first one treats the band gap variation of ladder-type polymers compared to non ladder type ones. The second article considers small band gap polymers. In this case, it will be shown that an hybrid functional, which contains exact exchange, is required to describe the electronic properties of the polymers under study. Finally, the last chapter address the study of cuprates superconductors. The LDA+U can account for the localization of electrons in copper orbitals. Consequently, a study of the impact of this functionnal on electronic properties of cuprates is conducted. The chapter is ended by an article treating magnetic orders in doped La2CuO4. Supplementary materials of the second article and a description of the theory of superconductivity of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer are put in annex.
Persechino, Roberto. "Distribution asymptotique du nombre de diviseurs premiers distincts inférieurs ou égaux à m." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5263.
Full textThe main topic of this masters thesis is the study of the asymptotic distribution of the fonction f_m which counts the number of distinct prime divisors among the first $m$ prime numbers, i.e. $p_1,...,p_m$. The first chapter provides the seven main results which will later on be proved in chapter 4. Among these we find the analogue of the Erdos-Kac central limit theorem and a result on large deviations. In the following chapter, we define several probability spaces on which we will calculate asymptotic probabilities of specific events. These will become necessary for calculating their corresponding densities. The third chapter is the main part of this masters thesis. In it, we introduce a random walk which, when suitably normalized, will converge to the Brownian motion. We will then obtain results which will form the basis of the proofs of those of chapiter 1.
Yelle, Vincent. "Les fonctions de la dialectique chez Aristote selon Topiques I,2." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9199.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to explain in detail the importance of a very precise passage of the Topics, treatise where Aristotle tries to find a method which will allow to reason in a dialectical way. In the second chapter of the first book (I, 2), he expresses in a brief way three utilities that the treatise in question can provide to those who own and control this method properly. First of all, the dialectic would serve as a mental gymnastic to train the mind and give it more flexibility in its reasoning. Secondly, it would be useful in the everyday encounters with others, because it would allow to discuss and argue on any given subject with the first person we could meet. Finally, it also seems that the dialectic would be useful for the "philosophical knowledge ", in the sense that it would go through the puzzles and ultimately, would establish the first principles of each science. In this work, I thus suggest examining each of its claimed utilities to see how, and in which measures, we can really assert that the dialectic turns out profitable for each of the services enumerated in Topics I, 2.