Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Premier XVIIe siècle'
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Casals, Marie Noëlle. "La représentation du poète dans le premier XVIIe siècle français." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20063.
Full textThe representation of the poet in the French pre-classical age is a good index to the transformations that occured in poetry in the first third of the XVIIe century. The study deals with the images of the poet that can be met in prose writings with a theoretical or apologetic aim, as well as in prefaces, letters and the works of the main poets of the period. Among the latter, Malherbe, Théophile de Viau, Tristan l'Hermite and Saint-Amant typify the various currents and genres that came to be associated with a poetry which has sometimes been described as « baroque » or « mannerisitic ». The figures that haunt the literary imagination of the period fall into several categories ; the mythological or Biblical characters, such as Orpheus, Amphion, Moses or David embody the divine and pragmatic dimension of a poetry that is supposed to have a bearing on reality. But this aspect tends to become less prominent in poetic works which register a major change in the image of the poet, whose action can no longer operate within the realm of the real, but merely in the order of discourse. Similarly, inspiration tends to become second to melancholy, which emerges as the new physiological model in the delineation of the intellectual processes at work in poetic creation. The rhetorical concepts inherited from antiquity and circulated by the Pléïade undergo, in turn, modifications indicative of the pride of place given to the individual poetic subject at the expense of more constraining archetypes. The poet, now viewed as literay object as much as poetic subject, bears witness, through his successive metamorphoses, to the emergence of a new literary field, distinct both from a theological authority that can now be dispensed with, and from a rhetorical apparatus that absorbed poetry into the art of discourse. The figure of the poet, therefore, serves as a reliable guide to the birth of literature as such in the pre-classical age, at a time when poetry has not yet been eclipsed by drama and the novel is still in its infancy
Okuneva, Olga. "La présence française au Brésil : (seconde moitié du XVIe siècle - premier quart du XVIIe )." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040236.
Full textThe French presence in Brazil from the second half of the XVIth century up to the first quarter of the XVIIth century is analyzed in the light of the definition of the relation towards the Other. The study is concentrated around three great axes : 1. The Other : the European adversary in the region he considers as his inalienable possession ; 2. The Other : the Amerindian partner and allied ; 3. The Other: the country, its political and economic potential, and also its allegoric and moral image. This presence is considered as a complex phenomenon which can’t be restricted to the attempts of the "ephemeral colonization" of the second half of the XVIth century and of the first quarter of the XVIIth century
Kramer, Michael. "Les phraséologismes onymiques français dans la perspective du premier XVIIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ47621.pdf.
Full textAmstutz, Delphine. "La Fable du favori dans la littérature française du premier XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040108.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to present the characteristics of the royal favourite as depicted in 17th-century literature. Although the term “favourite” entered the French language at the beginning of the 16th century, the favourite did not become an operating political concept and a topical literary figure until the beginning of the next century. Our intention is to analyse, according to a nominalist and pragmatic method, the “fable of the favourite” during the Baroque period, i.e. the collection of texts relating to favourites written between 1610 and 1664. This study comprises two parts: the first archaeological, the second poetic. It aims first at identifying the genealogy of the favourite by comparing him to other types of political character more present in historical and philosophical tradition – in particular, advisors, secretaries, flatterers and Mignons-, then at exploring the ambivalent political imagination of the favour, before examining the different political theories of the Baroque period that used this concept of the favourite as a touchstone. We will then review in chronological order the different literary genres in which the favourite appeared over the course of the opening decades of the 17th century, demonstrating how the poetic constraints of each genre have shaped the way the favourite is viewed. By extension of an assertion by Curtis Perry in “Literature and Favoritism in Early Modern England”, we suggest that the favourite’s story provided Louis XIII’s contemporaries with a common language in which to address certain “difficult but unavoidable [questions]” and to explore some “grey area[s] in the culture”. Nevertheless, those questions do not only revolve around politics. The “fable of the favourite” does indeed develop during those “cardinal years” where the statist spirit prevailed and upset all references to political theory or practice, however it above all reflected, in a metaphorical and dramatised form, a muffled and stubborn questioning of the conditions and limits of human acting. It marked a desire to understand individuals as they struggled with the world, society and history. As a parvenu, the favourite embodied the omnipotence of individual action driven by will and directed by thought. However, the personal journey of the favourite seems to encompass a determined fate which betrays the unassailable hold of Fortune on human ambitions. Being a dual figure, the favourite embodies an allegory of prudence. The fable of the favourite thus questions the relevance and relativity of fundamental values: personal merit and virtue, favour and value. It implies anthropological and ethical considerations, since it probes into political passions and redefines the limits of privacy, the forms of affection and the boundaries of personal identity at a time when the distinction between the public and private sphere was not yet clear. Finally, the fable of the favourite reinvigorates the historiographical examination of “absolutism” and underpins the assembly of the first literary field: at the end of his political career, the favourite became, under the aegis of Maecenas, a figurehead of the culture of gallantry
Gantelet, Martial. "La ville face au soldat : Metz dans les conflits du premier XVIIe siècle." Paris 8, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/pur/116321.
Full textMy study is an attempt at reading anew the history of Metz, from the reign of Henri IV to that of Louis XIV, in a political and military perspective. In it I question the notion of forceful obedience. The first part revolves around the shock of violence generated by the war in the year 1635. I examine the means used to protect oneself from the enemy, such as the exchange of - financial - contributions for safeguards - protecting warrants. A first "right of the people" is thus promoted. The second part tackles the relationships with the soldiers of the King. I analyse the burden of having to sustain a garrison, and having to bear the occasional stays of passing troops. I also study the city's room for manoeuvres that were negotiated in Metz, in Lorraine and in Paris by people ranging from troops to ministers of the King. Finally, the last part delves into the city itself. First comes the governor whose great powers are evoked as those of a person the monarchs manage to keep under control. Then come the city powers that be and the wiles used to mobilise the city
Aronica, Claire. "L'illusion heroïque : Rodrigue et la représentation du héros tragique dans le premier XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3030/document.
Full textThe basis of this work lies primarily in the discovery of a huge nature difference between the hero in “Le Cid”, and the far less glorious contemporary drama protagonists. On the other hand, it is based upon the intuition that most literary analysis almost exclusively use Rodrigue as the character of the first decades of the17th century.The first step of our work was therefore to try to confirm these impressions by conveying the very special status of this character. We have studied the treatment of “Le Cid” and its hero throughout the centuries with this goal in mind, assessing that the way audiences, readers and critics reacted to the play steadily built our perception of Rodrigue. We have tried to understand how the play and its hero were welcomed from January 1637 to the outcome of the 21st century. We have thus established the longevity of the text as well as the outstanding praise reactions it met with. This enabled us to substantiate the mythification of the play and bring into light its universal scope.From these first conclusions, we then tried to find out the reasons why the success of the play has never been denied. Here again it is the study of the critic treatment that quickly showed us that the unanimous public feeling was essentially due to Rodrigue as a character. For it is he mainly who seems to captivate the audience and the readers’interest. In the second part, we therefore tried to understand why Rodrigue is so mesmerising. With this purpose in mind, we confronted our character to the very hero notion. The stiking coincidence that public reactions convey between this archetypal character and “Le Cid” protagonist brought us to a first conclusion: the play is enthusiastically welcomed in the 17th century because the main character updates the human ideal as it was viewed at the time. Yet, the passion that the play generated in later periods is based on the same principle: it is because Rodrigue embodies the 17th century hero that the public from the age of enlightenment, from the great romantic era, from the French 3rd Republic or the interwar period do feel fond of him. “Le Cid” protagonist appears both as a revered and missed hero because he belongs to days gone by, a past example of the ideal man. In Corneille’s entire works, he is also regarded as a heroic paradygm and is viewed as the Cornelian male reference from which other male characters are derived in the works of the playwright. He is the very source of “the Cornelian hero” myth.However, Rodrigue’s unanimous critic treatment brings forward another issue: does “Le Cid” really stand apart in the early 17th century drama? At the outset of our third part, a brief survey of the period drama reveals the gap between Rodrigue’s image as it was made by the critic treatment and the dramatic reality of the 1630-1650 era. Corneille’s tragicomedy is not the only successful play and its hero is not the only stage embodiment of the male figure as it was then represented. Several other playwrights were successful too. Yet, the critic treatment does not take them into account. It seems as if Corneille is the only author to be remembered in the history of literature. Thus, “Le Cid” is the play reference. But it alters our vision of the 17th century drama and mentalities.In fact, scores of critic theories were based on the idea of a glorious early 17th century (impersonated by Rodrigue) as opposed to a gloomier and declining period at the end of the century. But can one guarantee their truthfulness if they are only based on the character of Rodrigue to assert the grandeur of the early 17th century decades?To conclude, a precise and detailed reading of the period literature allows one to study many misinterpretations, particularly because of “Le Cid” unmatched success, and to consider the early 17th century with a brand new perspective
Cartron, Maxime. "L'Invention du Baroque. Les anthologies de poésie française du premier XVIIe siècle (1844-2009)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3035.
Full textIf the question of the Baroque has generated – and still generates – many reactions, the criticism had not yet bent close on the specific methods of invention of this historiographical category. This thesis aims to link the appearance of such a notion in literary history and the strong ideological burden it bears to the editorial predominance of the anthologies of French seventeenth-century poetry from in the 20th century. In fact, this form diffuses questions about the validity of the traditional discourse of literary history, which established classicism as the focal point of French letters. Therefore, whether through the material specificities of the object-book, or through a historiographical discourse assumed as such, or through a poetic of the Baroque that makes anthology its archetypal receptacle and method of publication, compilers constantly strive to recreate and imitate the writing of their objects. Thus, their purpose is to redefine the nature of the heritage, but also to accredit themselves as a literary genre in its own right
Rodier, Yann. "La raison de l’odieux. Essai sur l’histoire d’une passion : la haine dans le premier XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040126.
Full textThis research takes as its starting point the enthusiasm aroused by the genre of the treatise on the passions, which attempted to offer an anatomy of the passions of the soul in general and hatred in particular. In early seventeenth century France, hatred was held to be the primary cause of the disturbances that had shaken the body politic during the French Wars of Religion. Rational understandings of hatred began to emerge, driven by a desire to domesticate the dire effects of this odious passion and to find a virtuous use for it. The transfer into political and religious thought of an anthropological and moral model of a reason that governed hateful passions ensured that all fields of human activity were concerned. This desire to pacify the passions of the individual body as well as those of the body politic and economic contributed to the elaboration and diffusion of theologico-political thought favorable to the strengthening of Absolutism. Controlling evil passions involved highlighting a model of virtuous hatred, a “reason of the odious”, justified by the practice of a passion d’Etat. Political orstate xenophobia contributed to the artificialisation of public hatred against “enemies of the state” and reinforced the idea of national sentiment or resentment. The goal here is more to describe the imaginary of hatred and its socio-political uses, rather than studying this passion as such. The political field of libelles,veritable factories of hatred, allow one to study the (anti-)pathetical political strategies that were put into place, publicised and instrumentalised in polemical writing from the time of the Regency of Marie de Medici to the ministries of cardinals
Rodier, Yann. "La raison de l’odieux. Essai sur l’histoire d’une passion : la haine dans le premier XVIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040126.
Full textThis research takes as its starting point the enthusiasm aroused by the genre of the treatise on the passions, which attempted to offer an anatomy of the passions of the soul in general and hatred in particular. In early seventeenth century France, hatred was held to be the primary cause of the disturbances that had shaken the body politic during the French Wars of Religion. Rational understandings of hatred began to emerge, driven by a desire to domesticate the dire effects of this odious passion and to find a virtuous use for it. The transfer into political and religious thought of an anthropological and moral model of a reason that governed hateful passions ensured that all fields of human activity were concerned. This desire to pacify the passions of the individual body as well as those of the body politic and economic contributed to the elaboration and diffusion of theologico-political thought favorable to the strengthening of Absolutism. Controlling evil passions involved highlighting a model of virtuous hatred, a “reason of the odious”, justified by the practice of a passion d’Etat. Political orstate xenophobia contributed to the artificialisation of public hatred against “enemies of the state” and reinforced the idea of national sentiment or resentment. The goal here is more to describe the imaginary of hatred and its socio-political uses, rather than studying this passion as such. The political field of libelles,veritable factories of hatred, allow one to study the (anti-)pathetical political strategies that were put into place, publicised and instrumentalised in polemical writing from the time of the Regency of Marie de Medici to the ministries of cardinals
Iline, Anastasia. "François Le Métel de Boisrobert (1592-1662) : faveur et défaveur dans la France du premier XVIIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0049.
Full textThis study focuses on the concepts of grace, disgrace and disfavour through the study of François Le Métel de Boisrobert (1592-1662). As a literary man, his career was impressively successful, thanks to his belonging to the close entourage of the cardinal de Richelieu; in the same time, he had to cope with moments when his social position was weakened by the suspension of the favour. We call these phases "disgraces", whereas the twenty-year-Iong period (1642-1662) during which he was definitely deprived of any powerful protector and his identity deeply questioned is called "disfavour". The study of the way his contemporaries considered Boisrobert and how he expresses himself through his textual production puts into light the material and symbolic consequences of the favour, which extracts the individual out of his social context, as well as the actual expressions of the disfavour
Blocker, Déborah. "Usages de la comédie : utilités et plaisirs de la représentation théâtrale dans la France du premier XVIIe siècle (1630-1660)." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030152.
Full textIn the critical writings on theater produced in seventeenth century France, the definition of the social and political functions of theater constantly prefaces the description of the theatrical means through which these ends could be met. Theater is thus defined first and foremost through its social and political instrumentality. This study investigates the origins and historical significance of such a conception of theater. It first underlines that Cardinal Richelieu's encouragement of the production of theoretical writings on theater, but also his efforts to produce a new court theater and his attempt to create new regulations concerning the legal status of professional comedians can all be undestood as endeavors to achieve a political rationalization of the practice of theater. This study then proceeds to examine if and how the different functions then assigned to theater where effectively achieved. .
Gabriel, Frédéric. "La souveraineté en débat dans le premier XVIIe siècle : politiques gallicanes, ecclésiologie, et théologie du pouvoir : une mise en perspective des " Libertés de l'Eglise Gallicane"." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040006.
Full textThe idea of sovereignty in the early modern period has given birth to many a text which are considered as theoretical sources. We decided to study this notion within the topic where it comes from, that is, where it's in the making. That is to say, the theological and political controversies in this period, especially gallican writings. We are situated between ecclesiology and politics, their own discourses, and we focused on documents which are usually not the field of political philosophy, such as doctrinal censorship, archivistic collections, pamphlets and so on. The texts of Libertés de l'église gallicane have been compared to many cases which lead the parliament and the faculty of theology of the university of Paris to decide upon legal attributions of each authority, national or pontifical. The term of sovereignty happens to be at the heart of a debate deeply rooted in history and it includes many other concepts (imperium, dominium, potestas. . . ) among a kind of theology of state
Petot, Patrick. "Alain de Solminihac : 1593-1659 : de l'abbaye de Chancelade à l'évêché de Cahors : parcours et portrait d'un prélat réformateur du premier XVIIe siècle." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO2015.
Full textBrottier, Beatrice. ""Je n'estime pas moins tes lettres que ses armes" : la poésie d'éloge du premier xviie siècle dans les recueils collectifs de toussaint du bray." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068365.
Full textBourdeu, Étienne. "« Le premier prince de l'Empire, le vote le plus sûr dont dispose Votre Majesté et sa Maison Royale » : les archevêques de Mayence et la projection espagnole dans le Saint Empire (milieu du XVIe siècle - milieu du XVIIe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0094.
Full textThis work intends to analyze some aspects of the Spanish projection in the Holy Empire during the 16th and the 17th centuries through the role of the archbishops of Mainz who also are territorial princes, arch-chancellors for the Empire and electors. The study begins when Emperor Charles V abdicates, an event that compels the Habsburgs in Spain and those in Austria to find a new way to organize their relations. First, Philip II goes on using the family and dynastic links that tie him to the emperor. Nevertheless, with Rudolph II's refusaI to consider Spanish wishes and with the beginning of the Flemish upheaval, the Catholic King has to build up a new net to increase his influence in the Empire. As a consequence, nets of clients are installed progressively and the archbishops of Mainz have a leading part in them: they keep contacts with ail of the princes in the Holy Empire and they can warn the Spanish King with the intelligence they collect, they have an influential role in the Electoral College where they can speak for the Catholic Monarch This alliance is possible thanks to the same definition of the Empire they share and it works until the last decade of the Thirty Years' War. Then, as the Spanish money arrives with a greater irregularity in the Empire and as discrepancies in the political objectives appear, the archbishops of Mainz leave the Spanish clientele and become closer advisors of the emperor
Germa-Romann, Hélène. "La "belle mort" des gentilshommes français (XVIe siècle et première moitié du XVIIe)." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30038.
Full textMouysset, Sylvie. "Un Patriciat urbain dans la première modernité : Rodez aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010704.
Full textThis study looks at a group of consuls from Rodez, a medium-sized town in the massif central : its constitutional foundations, political practices, lifestyle and modes of reproduction. The prosoprographical approach enables us to identify roughly 730 consuls between 1500 and 1670. The social and occupational composition of the consulat undergoes considerable changes from the beginning of the sixteenth century to the second half of the following one. From the tradesman of the public official, the patriciate is always the dominant group, and confiscates most of the power, whilst keeping up the appearance of an urban democracy. The ideal of urban unity, which is at the basis of patrician political practices, aims to bring together different social groups, and thus contribute to affirming the pre-eminence of Rodez, the capital of Rouergue. This ideal is weakened by the crisis of league; Henri IV's moves to restore order signal the decline of urban independance. This decline is a consequence not only of reduced municipal powers but of a disaffection by notables of the patrician function. The study of consular families clearly shows a change in ambitions over the generations : from the res publica to self-centredness, upward social mobility begins gradually to hinge on the individual career rather than the desire to contribute to the public good. By the seventeenth century, the limits of the city no longer satisfy the ambitions of those families traditionally in power. Serving the king has become much more attractive than local responsibilities, now considered to be too heavy and insufficiently rewarding
Roche, Bruno. "Le rire des libertins dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20011.
Full textMolnar, Antal. "Raguse, le Saint-Siège et les catholiques des Balkans Ottomans dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040008.
Full textThe dissertation follows the history of the missions organized by the papacy in the regions of Hungary and the Balkan occupied by the Turks, from the first steps to the consolidation of the established network of missions. The close connection and interdependence between the catholic communities and institutions was a consequence of the Turkish regime. The first chapter describes the catholic communities of The Balkan from the Adriatic to Bulgaria. The main part of the dissertation gives a historical description of the organization and operation of missions describing how the missions worked and were organized from 1572-1647. The abundance of sources renders possible to show in detail the steps of the establishment of missions, the mechanism of organizing work, the connections to trade on the Balkan and the actual results. The drawn picture makes richer the history of the Church. From a wider point of view it gives important additions to the history of culture of the Balkan Peninsula and Hungary under Turkish rule
Biron, Johanne. "Un puissant aiguillon à bien faire, la vertu éloquente dans les dernières décennies du XVIe et la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ42261.pdf.
Full textMelancon, François. "Le livre à Québec dans le premier XVIIIe siècle la migration d'un objet culturel." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2778.
Full textDelivré, Fabrice. "L' évêque du premier siège : la papauté et l'office de primat-patriarche dans l'Occident médiéval (fin XIe-début XVIe siècle)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010703.
Full textYildirim, Zeynep. "Légitimité et crise de l'aspre, la première monnaie ottomane, XIV-XVIIe siècles." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100039.
Full textBok-Rae, Kim. "Les consommations alimentaires de Paris au XVIIIe siècle et à la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010533.
Full textParis is the greatest consuming city next to london. The regular security of food provisions of the capital, or the calculation constitute the first concern of french government. The result of this policy is to place paris in a special position. The Paris in the nineteenth century is epitomized by the rapidity of demographic growth. In the relation to the demography, this work is to analyse the tendencies of food consumptions from 1789 to 1860
Hu, Xuan. "Les voies du salut : prédication et défense de la foi catholique au premier XVIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL022.
Full textThis thesis is based on a rereading of the sermons of François Le Picart, who was the great preacher of Paris in the first sixteenth century, and who left, thanks to learned impressions, a rich body of his speeches, allowing to examine the genesis of the imagination of a violence conveyed and promoted orally. Le Picart is in fact at the heart of the history of preaching combat from the years 1520-1550 before its invading to the public sphere from 1560. He was a precursor who gave the codes which would authorize in the next years the gradual maturation of a tension of theophanic violence of which men were to be the tools. Through it, the reader can grasp the power of the words which emanated from the preaching, another eloquence of the Renaissance which aimed to put into operation a strategy of indoctrination of the Catholic people, based on the principle of a panic defense of the consciences operating on the bases of updating the doctrine of the Church. From this perspective, Le Picart gave a decisive place to a technique of staging the imaginary of violence that relied on the use of mental paintings that he sought to project into the psyche of his listeners. This strategy was a rhetorical device capable of arousing, through pathos, an anguish that was eschatological in the tension inherent in sermons dramatically pitting zealous love for God against the ever-increasing sin of man. Picart was a prophet, who not only spoke for God and through God but also worked the imagination of the faithful by infusing in them a "speaking of God", putting them in a condition, after 1560, to become warriors of God. The hell that he described which awaiting heretics at the time of their death would then come to earth
Marasescu-Galleron, Ioana. "La frivolité dans la littérature de la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040201.
Full textD'Angelo, Filippo. "Le Moi dissocié : libertinage et fiction dans le roman à la première personne au XVIIe siècle." Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39046.
Full textThe libertine novelists of the 17th century wrote frequently in first person. Nevertheless, their use of the first person narrator did not lead to a personal configuration of a heterodox vision of the world. Characterized by irony and concealment, the libertine practice of self-diegetic writing is the product of a process of declarative dissociation: the auctorial point of view is well separated by the narrative one that, in its tom, lost its own ideological discourse and became a series of heterogeneous points of view. This study aims at analyzing this process through sorne works such as the Histoire comique de Francion (1623) by Charles Sorel, the Première journée (1623) by Théophile de Viau, Les Aventures satyriques de Florinde (1625, anonymous), Le Gascon extravagant (1637) by Onésime de Claireville, Le Page disgracié (1643) by Tristan L'Hermite, L'Autre Monde (1657-1662) by Cyrano de Bergerac, L'Orphelin infortuné (1660) by César François Oudin de Préfontaine, Les Aventures (1677) by Charles Coypeau Dassoucy, La Terre Australe connue (1676) by Gabriel de Foigny and the Histoire des Sévarambes (1677-1679) by Denis Veiras. At the end of the path characterized by the analysis of these texts, the subjectivity marking out libertine first person narrator novels seems to be a dissociated subject, hanging on the neuter declarative space where its contradictory impulses takes place
Lim, Seung-Hwi. "La pensée politique des Bons Catholiques dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle (1598-1642)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040059.
Full textDuring the catholic reformation and political crises of the seventeenth century, France witnessed the birth of a new group of faithful, the devots, or devout. Participating energetically in the catholic renewal, the devots, who were frequently from robe noble families, were in search of salvation under the auspices of new spiritualties, such as mysticism. The catholic league had already furnished the first occasion for them to form politically, and afterwards, one can observe a transfer from political to religious zeal in the Catholics which reinforced the spiritual movement in the early seventeenth century. However, their identity was not merely religious and social; it was also political. Frequently former catholic leaguers, the bons catholiques (“ good catholics”) grafted Christian political aspirations founded on religious morals onto their faith. Now, one is forced to accept that this religious movement is contemporary with the emergence of absolutism and the modern state, as well as with the idea of “reason of state”. Confronted with these new political realities, the bons catholiques engaged in a fight to defend a political ideal closely linked to their religion. Faced with the monarchical state which projected its own sacrality, they demanded a concept of the state forged on a vision of a connection between heaven and earth, in the subjection of man to god. Thus, the pamphleteer Mathieu de Morgues and the royal confessor Nicolas Caussin each expressed in his own style this conception of the political entity in its relation of dependence to god, and with all of its attributes, such as justice or truth, and protesting with a common voice against an absolutism which was out of proportion. Michel de Marillac, keeper of the seals and leader of the parti devot (devout party), differed fundamentally on this issue because of his doctrinal absolutism, marking the discontinuity between ideal and reality, between leader and party. Polymorphic, the political thought of the bons catholiques witnessed, however, a world conception and a moral attitude that underlay the religious criticism of the overflowing selflove and the auto-finalism of the sacrilized state, torn from natural and divine laws
Luciani, Isabelle. ""Composer en vers français. . . " : pratiques culturelles et société dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10038.
Full textRibière, Olivier. "Ethique et réflexion militaire française dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle : essai d'analyse rétrospective." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4025.
Full textThis first seventeenth century shows clearly an evolution will in military affairs. Of course, by numerous aspects, high Captains of that time are in the continuity of their ancestors. Motivations of Officers have not changed. Attachment to the king, at the service of their faith, defence of their honour are still in mind. Nevertheless, minds change. The gathering for many, to the State Reason, surely presents a rupture with the previous quasi-feudal system. The tactical or operative military thought of these officers, leaders, educated and experienced, gets enriched too. They have clearly in mind, use and action forces principles and also aptitudes to get, in order to be effective. The fire power development, in particular, forces them to set free from precedent schemes. Logistic insufficiencies still lie on their action. These gentlemen, deeply attached to their nobility status, become real military professionals but feel the danger to be marginalised to the only military sphere. They have to deal, indeed, with a political interference more and more pronounced on armies and on battlefields. The State strongly centralised, which settles in the first seventeenth century in France, imposes to its Captains political and strategic dimensions on the ground of their military success
Prandoni, Gemma <1987>. "Appréhender les nouveaux mondes. Rhétoriques de la découverte dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7401/1/prandoni_gemma_tesi2017.pdf.
Full textIn 1610 Galilei announces his revolutionary discoveries: four new Jupiter’s satellites, the presence of asperities on the moon and the existence of an infinite number of stars, invisibles to naked eyes. Furthermore, the astronomer presents these observations in an unconventional way, as the discovery of some new worlds, echoing Columbus’ enterprise. This work tries, in the first part, to examine the progressive construction of a discourse based on the association between the two discoverers and their results: starting from Galilei’s strategy, it focuses on many different European texts of the first half of 17th century; mostly, epic poems and narratives. This thesis doesn’t aim just at giving expression to the modernity’s celebrations, but at showing the interests and ambiguities inherent at the discourse of discoveries. Moreover, the connection between Columbus and Galilei become significant also as part of an analysis focused on poetic choices, if we consider that the works of our corpus are confronting themselves with the great models previously celebrating Columbus’ enterprise. So, the second part of this work focuses on narrative structures and techniques, keeping in background the contemporary debates on genres. Columbus’ celebration in epic poetry became, with Tasso, an emblem of the epos-“romanzo” debate; in an analogue way, the representation of Galilei’s success in the texts of Tasso’s epigones can be a key to the internal transformation of this genre. In prose texts, on the other side, the narrative techniques through which the authors tell modern discoveries show a gradual evolution towards modernity’s forms. This analysis of the construction of the discourse of discoveries, and of the poetic choices related to it, let us grasp then the complexity, and the internal dynamism, of a transition phase, which will bring to a new cosmological paradigm and to the raise of the novel.
Nel 1610 Galilei annuncia le sue scoperte rivoluzionarie: quattro nuovi satelliti di Giove, la presenza di asperità sulla Luna e l’esistenza di un numero infinito di stelle, invisibili ad occhio nudo. L’astronomo presenta queste osservazioni in maniera anticonvenzionale, come una scoperta di nuovi mondi, echeggiando il ritrovamento dell’America da parte di Colombo. Questo lavoro si propone di esaminare, nella prima parte, la progressiva costruzione di un discorso basato sull'associazione tra i due scopritori e i loro risultati: partendo dalla strategia adottata da Galilei, si prendono in esame diversi testi europei della prima metà del XVII secolo; principalmente epopee e narrazioni in prosa. L’obiettivo non è tanto quello di dar voce alle esaltazioni della modernità, quanto di mettere in luce gli interessi e le ambiguità inerenti al discorso delle scoperte. Il legame tra Colombo e Galilei risulta poi significativo anche per un’analisi relativa alle scelte di poetica, considerando che i testi del nostro corpus si confrontano con i grandi modelli che avevano celebrato, in precedenza, l’impresa del genovese. Nella seconda parte della tesi si privilegia quindi uno studio delle strutture e tecniche narrative, tenendo presenti i dibattiti contemporanei sui generi. La celebrazione di Colombo nell’epos era diventata, con Tasso, quasi un emblema del dibattito tra epopea e “romanzo”: analogamente, la rappresentazione dei successi galileiani nei testi degli epigoni di Tasso può allora offrire una chiave di lettura delle trasformazioni interne al genere. Nei testi in prosa, inoltre, le tecniche adottate per narrare le moderne scoperte manifestano una graduale evoluzione verso le forme della modernità. L’analisi della costruzione del discorso delle scoperte, e delle scelte di poetica in cui esso si traduce, permette quindi di cogliere la complessità, e l’interno dinamismo, di una fase di integrazione del cambiamento, che vedrà l’imporsi di un nuovo paradigma cosmologico così come del genere romanzo.
Nassieu-Maupas, Audrey. "Peintres et lissiers à Paris dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4083.
Full textBenard, Mylène. "Les romans personnels et libertins au XVIIe siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20019.
Full textPastorello, Thierry. "Sodome à Paris : protohistoire de l'homosexualité masculine fin XVIIIe - première partie XIXe siècle." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070009.
Full textOver a period stretching from the latter part of the eighteenth century to the first half of the nineteenth century, a specific male homosexual identity was developing in cities such as Paris. This period saw a proliferation of writings about and views on sexual practices and same-sex relations between men, and the development of a subculture of sodomites. As the judicial sphere evolved between death sentences and an increasingly repressive attitude on the part of the police, male homosexuality was singled out as asocial behaviour. A new form of medical discourse emerged in order to support the police statements and legal judgments of the time. In order to clamp down on homosexuality, the authorities made widespread use of the charge of 'affront to public decency, and of police raids. Yet homosexual subcultures thrived, and public condemnations of homosexuality had relatively little influence on people's behaviour, as the numerous police records involving urban, working-class young men and older gentlemen demonstrate. Whilst this was a new moment in the social construction of homosexuality, it was profoundly anchored in traditional gender stereotypes
Negroni, Nathalie. "Poésie et imagination dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle : Les "Poésies" de Théophile de Viau." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10051.
Full textAoujil, Asmaa. "Le Coran en français : André Du Ryer (1580-1672), premier traducteur de L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30048.
Full textThe Coran in FrenchAndré Du Ryer (1580-1672), first translator of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647)The translation of a religious text has always been a matter of great difficulty. Hence, when it comes to Coran, it is all the more delicate mainly because it is considered as untranslatable. Its French translation in the 17th century, from Arabic, by André Du Ryer was an innovative and pioneering act when the only known translations in the West were the Latin ones. However, various prejudices on Islam prevented an objective understanding of this religion. Despite the fact that Du Ryer started his translation with a critical view of Islam, he highlighted the intellectual and spiritual values that Christians might draw from the reading of the Coran. His Alcoran de Mahomet represents a real hiatus with what had been left from the Middle age. Thanks to his project and his translation choices, André Du Ryer triggered dialogue by making the French of the classical times at the service of a complex and mysterious text which had to be known. Nevertheless, his work remains deeply tinged with humanitarian ideals.Through the concrete analysis of the linguistic methods of translation used by Du Ryer, this research aims to determine the translator’s motivations. The objective is also to show the new hidden image of Muslims, Islam, its prophet and its holy book. Finally, this study questions the neglect of this first translation of the Coran while it was a landmark in what was to become Orientalism
Aracil, Adrien. "Histoire d'une liberté dans la France moderne. Protestants, politique et monarchie (vers 1598 - vers 1629)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL071.
Full textThis thesis questions the political history of the French Reformers at the beginning of the seventeenth century through the prism of the notion of freedom : freedom as a defense of the legal gains conferred by the Nantes edict regime, but also as a capacity for action. Far from considering the Huguenots as the passive victims of an «all Catholic France», it considers them as political actors. This capacity to act is analysed in two stages: first, we examine the characteristics underlying this freedom of action in the context of the seventeenth century, through a study of the place given to institutions, memory, union and language in Reformed practices. We then study the «implementation» of this political freedom, questioning the evolutions of the Huguenot party, from the relationship to the institutions, to the nobility, to the language strategies following the death of Henri IV. Finally, we dedicate a last part to the «killing» of this political culture: the end of the Huguenot party, widely documented, is not the result of internal dissension, but of a political will that seeks to attack this freedom
Daguisé, Floriane. "L’indiscrétion du rococo : épier, découvrir, surprendre dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle français." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL195.
Full textThe focus of this study is the recurring and diversified presence, within literary and visual fictions of the first half of the 18th century, of an onlooker who sees without being seen or listens without being listened to. A situation conditioned by non-visibility and marginality, indiscretion models an asymmetrical relationship between a hidden character, in the shadows, and the object of their perception, brought to light. The reuse of topical motifs –cuckold husband, sleeping or bathing beauty – does not exhaust the richness of the phenomenon; its numerical, dramatic and symbolic importance is an invitation to measure its interest, value and scope. From Fontenelle to Rousseau, from Watteau to Hubert Robert, the indiscretion outlines a network of contemporary concerns. The decentering, transgression and unveiling induced by the indiscreet presence are testament to complementary perspectives that resonate with “Rococo” aesthetics, a cluster of trends within which detours constitute one of the most important modalities. Indiscretion falls within a decisive shift in poetic and aesthetic traditions; it questions boundaries being configured, those of the private and public spheres, those isolating and densifying privacy; it finally manifests an epistemological conception of discovery, a function of an ambivalent curiosity. Through this staging of access to events and speeches, it is ultimately a reflection on the spectatorial point of view – fictional and real – which is proposed to the ultimate receiver, less duplicated by the indiscreet than invited to a repetition and a renewal of attention
Witkowski, Martine. "François Ier amateur d'art : les collections royales dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040078.
Full textThis study shows the artistic aspect of Francis 1's reign. It presents first the king as a connoisseur (the word collection didn't exist at the renaissance time) and as a mecene. The royal collections are then studied: collections of paintings, sculptures, tapestries, the furniture, the library, the arms' collection, the jewels, the silverware, the small antiquities, the medals, the gems and the natural curiosities. In conclusion we insist on the important role of Francis i in the French renaissance and on what happened to his collections a part of which could be preserved until today
Richefort, Isabelle. "Le métier et la condition sociale du peintre dans le Paris de la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040115.
Full textThe professionnal activities of the painters was, in paris, in the first half of the xviith century, dominated by corporative organization. It ruled the formation and the professionnal life of painters. The main activity of painters was of course painting but they made also sometimes engraving, paintings restoration, expert appraisements. . . It is possible to appreciate what was their situation in society : relationship, earnings, house, mentality. There was a struggle during the period between the members of the painters corporation and the others, who worked generally for king and had an higher idea of the painters trade. At last was created the academie de peinture et de sculpture
Kitisakon, Kitsirin. "La Manfrediana methodus : variations thématiques et stylistiques dans la peinture européenne de la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010634.
Full textThe Manfrediana methodus, an expression by Joachim von Sandrart, refers to a method of painting after Bartolomeo Manfredi, an Italian painter in the 17th century, with life-size and half-length figures for genre subjects (concert, card players…) and some religious ones. The “method” is rooted in the art of Caravaggio adopted by Manfredi with originality, however, his contemporaries also contribute to its establishment. Foreign painters in Rome were seduced by Manfredi’s art as the variations on the Fortune-telling scenes, meeting scenes and the Denials of Saint Peter prove. Manfredi’s death in 1622 and the return of his followers in their country marks the diffusion of the “method” in Europe. Utrecht and Antwerp are its most important centers where it flourished until around 1630s. Its presence in France (Paris, Languedoc, Lorraine, Langres and Provence) can be underlined with the case of Georges de La Tour and Trophime Bigot. In Italy, if the “method” had survived in Rome until the 1630s, it crystallized in Tuscany in a particular artistic language. In Naples, its trace can be suggested and its last breaths, beyond 1650, seems to be found thanks to Mattia Preti. In Spain, the first genre scenes by Velazquez and the Triumph of Bacchus may well refer to it. Through the adherence by painters with various origins and different sensibilities, the “method” is used with stylistic and thematic diversities and represents one of the most important European artistic phenomenon in the 17th century
Ishibashi, Masataka. "La représentation du corps dans les textes narratifs de la première moitié du XVIe siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030039/document.
Full textUnder the reigns of François I and Henri II, at the threshold of the modern era, both society and government were undergoing fundamental changes : the fall of the feudal nobility and the ascent of the middle-class were changing the dynamics of the society. As a result, man’s identity, which until then had been based upon the feudal system, necessitated a new social interpretation. The quest for a new form of identity took place throughout the century, eventually resulting in the concept of the modern individual by the end of the century, which Montaigne’s idea of the self represents. This societal evolution inspired the prolific writing of stories in the first half of the sixteenth century. Based on the tradition of the French storyteller and under the influence of Spanish and Italian stories, the stories show in the representation of the body the germ of the modern individual, though in most of the cases the characters are still based upon certain human types codified by medieval literature.The first part discusses the human game of observing the body and the individualization of the body, mainly in The Angoysses douleureuse and The Heptaméron. At the same time, it uses the image of the perceived body as a reference point for addressing gender narratives which still remain problematic. The second part, entitled the perceived body studies the evolution of society and the morality of the body through the described physical images in the stories. The military revolution is treated with Rabelais’ works. The third part, derived from the second part, focuses on gesture. The dialogs involving gesture in Pantagruel are analyzed, aiming at the deciphering of each gesture and finally interpreting the dialogs’ meaning. Through an inventory of the gestures of the period, a hypothesis for a parody and a critique is suggested for the monastic reformation which precedes the Reformation as a background of the episode
Mirlo, Audrey. "Narcisse philosophe : une figure de la fiction française du premier dix-huitième siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030117.
Full textIn the early 18th century, first-person novels would abound in French literature. Philosophers would become a prominent figure among the various kinds of narrators that specify their personal way of life. From 1721 to 1731, readers discovered Usbek, the spectateur français, the indigent philosophe, and Cleveland, four fictional characters who are letter writers, journalists or memorialists. As authors, they were inspired by their personal life experience and wrote to share their thoughts. The purpose of this work is to analyse at the time of Marivaux, Montesquieu and Prévost how the first-person literature makes philosophers face up their own image. Therefore, the philosopher becomes a new Narcissus supposed to reflect the meaning of existence. While integrated into the narrative, the philosopher (or the moralist) is no longer an objective observer who could hide behind a speech: he is himself a figure facing the judgment of readers. Moreover, they point out the ambiguities of this paradoxical figure that does not always manage to deal with sensitivity and reason. The works of the corpus are questioning the conditions for the deployment of thought in the human mind and the world of concrete things. The implications of the representation of the philosopher in fiction are the object of this study, whether on the literary or philosophical fields, but also on the poetic, aesthetic, moral or cognitive fields
Sribnai, Judith. "Figurations et relations : le sujet dans les romans à la première personne et les textes philosophiques du XVIIe siècle." Thèse, Paris 4, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6924.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to set out several aspects of the figuration of the subject in the 17th Century, through a joint reading of first person novels and philosophical texts from this period. Beginning with similar questions, these two discursive genres construct a figure of a knowing and itinerant subject, a subject animated by the desire to know and thus guided to rethink the conditions that articulate his particular experience. For the authors of these works, the truth is discovered through a series of singular experiences and experiments; the world more clearly announces itself in the first person, rendering a principally singular perception. This poses the problem of the legitimation of personal pronouncement, legitimation which allows for the articulation of the first person with an alterity, while conserving the singularity of the subject. This singularity always doubles as a dispersion of the identities and referents of the first person. Still, narration, fiction and corporal practice show this identity as constellation. The first two expose the diverse faces of the ‘I’, their agreements and disagreements, their being at the same time past and present, real persons and imaginary characters, narrator and author. From the practices tied to the pain and pleasure of the body is drawn another form of possible encounter between the particularity of a subject and an other: the one he desires, with whom he suffers and plays, the one who lives in him. Through all these aspects, enunciative, narrative, fictional, physical, the subjectivity that is inscribed in and described by these texts is always primarily relational: an account recounted to encounter the other.
Benarroch, Myriam. "Des premiers dictionnaires (Jerónimo Cardoso) aux textes : l'apport lexical des arabismes dans la langue portugaise du XVIe siècle." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030184.
Full textBaubeau, Patrice. "Les "cathédrales de papier" ou la foi dans le crédit : naissance et subversion du système de l'escompte en France : fin XVIIIe - premier XXe siècle." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100195.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the building and the evolution of discount in France from the late XVIIIth century - when the doctrine was first clearly enunciated - to the war shocks and the Great Crisis of the first XXth century. We describe the major evolution of the discount policy of the banks and of the bills of exchange which are discounted to set these within the context of three main directions: the adaptation of commercial bills to evolving economic conditions; the discount policy of the Banque de France; the monetary needs and requirements of the French State, especially during crisis. The primary results are that models are deceptive because they compare things which are only nominally alike and that the French banking system bias toward discount, as late as in the XXth century, as opposed to the more "modern" Bank of England open market policy, can be explained through the advantages banks, State and political clients (peasants, small businesses) found in discount
Thierry, Eric. "Un pionnier de la Nouvelle France : Marc Lescarbot (vers 1570-1641), "Homme d'étude" de la première moitié du XVIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1997. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/index.php?module=App&action=FrameMain&colname=ColGarnier&filename=EtyMS01.
Full textA pioneer of New France because he was involved in Jean de Poutrincourt's attempt at colonizing Acadia from 1606 to 1615, Marc Lescarbot was also a "study man" of the first half of the XVIIth century, that is to say a Christian humanist on whom the memory of the wars of religions had left its mark, a man eager to take part in France's regeneration. This Vervins-born man, who became a lawyer at the Paris parliament, who even crossed the Atlantic to live in the new world in 1606 and 1607, and who braved the treacherous Swiss alps to be at the service of a French ambassador from 1611 to 1616, expressed his fears and hopes, not only in his harangues delivered at Vervins on the occasion of the franco-spanish peace signed in 1598, or in his poetical picture of Switzerland, a traditional ally of the French sovereign, or in his epic poems in praise of Louis XIII, who had defeated the English on the isle of Ré and subdued the inhabitants of la Rochelle, but also in his written pieces about New France, which he saw as a land of plenty and opportunity. He believed that the nostalgia in which he shared with his learned contemporaries, for the golden age, happiness and Acadian peace under the benevolent rule of shepherd-kings could allow him to draw up a viable colonial project. His New France was in fact nothing but a literary fiction that could appeal to some people but that was bound to remain a utopia. It did not even attract the king's attention and aroused the suspicion of the citizens of the "republic of the letters". So far, only literature historians have been interested in Marc Lescarbot, above all Québec and Acadian ones, who placed him in their literary pantheons in the 1960s. However historians who study mentalities can find in all his works a particularly rich expression of the fears and dreams of the French intellectuals of the first XVIIth century
Benhamou, Julia. "Une herméneutique des textes musicaux du XVIIᶱ et de la première moitié du XVIIIᶱ siècle : approche intersémiotique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2040.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze musical texts of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century through an innovative reading hypothesis. Using an intersemiotic approach to musical text, an approach that crosses linguistics and music, we show that there is another possible reading of these texts and, consequently, that there is another way of playing them
Collet, Brice. "La fortification de Troyes en Champagne : un grand chantier urbain fin XVe - première moitié du XVIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0003.
Full textMainly based on a rich urban found exceptionally preserved (the archives of Troyes) this thesis describes and analyses all the sequences of an enormous defensive complex adapted to the new forms of war, from the conception to the achievement (end of the fifteenth - first half of the sixteenth centuries). The first part treats of the different building materials (stones, wood, tiles, slates, metals and so on. . . ), their origins, the cost of the material itself, as well as the organization and cost of the carriage (by road or fluvial). The second one approaches the building site itself: masons and architects, carpenters, organization, forced labour, regulations, hours, wages and so on. At the end, a precious glossary explains the different technical terms. Very important aspects of those building military sites are explained, as their organization, using of specific technical methods, as well as the influence 'Of a big building operation on the urban economy. Kings Louis XII and François I decide, more than that impose the task, but the town decides the way of doing the work itself. Finally, this research shows and analyses the complicated process from the conception (using the advices of architects and military specialists working together) to the final success : at the end of the period concerned, Troyes, a rich town as well as a strategic site in France, became a real model of modernity for the defence of the kingdom
Grunberg, Bernard. "L'univers des conquistadores dans la conquête de la Nouvelle-Espagne pendant la première moitié du XVIe siècle." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040304.
Full textThe conquest of Mexico City was achieved by 2100 men among whom 1212 were identified both nominally and precisely. These conquistadores have been classified within the scope of a dictionary set up thanks to the almost complete collection of available documents (Spanish and Mexican records, sixteenth century chronicles, etc. ). The conquest was then submitted to a thorough study based exclusively on the whole collection of original manuscripts drafted in the sixteenth century: chronicles written by the conquistadores themselves, native reports, miscellaneous stories as well as records. The third part endeavors to encompass the world of the conquistadores through the means of their geographic origins, their social and economic background, the reasons for conquering (duty to god, duty to their majesties, personal interest), the settling down of these men within the colony, family life, interaction with the natives and daily life. Upon landing in the new world they were to stand out as a symbol for Spain and set up a new aspect, a cross-cultural blend between their Spanish heritage and the Mexican reality. They thus launched a new type of colonization in setting up the first landmarks of the colonial economy