Journal articles on the topic 'Premature labor Prevention'
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Prajarto, Hariyo Wirastomo. "The Association of Cervical Length, Bacterial Vaginosis, Urinary Tract Infection and Premature Rupture of Membranes to The Imminent Preterm Labour." Diponegoro International Medical Journal 1, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dimj.v1i2.9538.
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Abstract Background: Research conducted at the Central General Hospital (RSUP) Dr. Kariadi Semarang in 2013 stated that out of 1,719 deliveries, 82 (5%) were preterm labor cases. Although there are many predictors for predicting imminent preterm labour, the complete prediction and prevention have not been established. Prevention of preterm labor through screening is the key to antenatal care. Good early prediction on a premature labor will provide adequate antenatal surveillance and special interventions.Objective: to analyze the relationship between cervical length, bacterial vaginosis, urinary tract infections, and premature rupture of membranes with the incidence of preterm labor.Methods: It is an observational analytic study in the form of the design of cross sectional with subject of pregnant women who experienced imminent preterm labour at gestational age 28-34 weeks and were treated at the ward of Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital Dr. Kariadi Semarang and network hospital during the study period (n=112). Subjects were assessed for the clinical risk (BV, premature rupture of the membrane, urinary tract infection) and sonography (cervical length). Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-test for normally distributed data and Mann Whitney if otherwise. Analysis of the relationship between variables and the incidence of preterm labor was carried out by the X 2 testResults: From 112 subjects, it was found that the Prevalence Ratio (PR) for cervical length, bacterial vaginosis, urinary tract infections and premature rupture of membranes to the incidence of imminent preterm labor was 2.2;2.32;1.99 and 2.36 respectively. From the multivariate analysis, it was found that bacterial vaginosis and premature rupture of membranes were the most influencing factors for the incidence of imminent premature labor with Odd Ratios of 6.497 and 21.362, respectively.Conclusion: There is a relationship between cervical length (≤25 mm ), bacterial vaginosis, urinary tract infections and premature rupture of membranes in the incidence of preterm labor.
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Dyak, K. V. "PREVENTION OF PREMATURE LABOR IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREVIOUS PREVENTION." Neonatology, surgery and perinatal medicine 8, no. 2(28) (June 27, 2018): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.viii.2.28.2018.13.
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Yemini, M., R. Borenstein, E. Dreazen, Z. Apelman, B. M. Mogilner, I. Kessler, and M. Lancet. "Prevention of premature labor by 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 151, no. 5 (March 1985): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(85)90141-3.
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Papke, Kathryn R. "MANAGEMENT OF PRETERM LABOR AND PREVENTION OF PREMATURE DELIVERY." Nursing Clinics of North America 28, no. 2 (June 1993): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02861-4.
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Goodlin, Robert C. "Self-examination of the cervix in premature labor prevention." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 151, no. 5 (March 1985): 703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(85)90173-5.
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Ventskovskaya, I. B., V. V. Bila, and O. S. Countryside. "Premature birth (Clinical lecture)." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 4(130) (May 30, 2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.130.9.
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The article presents modern views on the pathogenesis of preterm labor, their relevance and classification. From the perspective of evidence-based medicine methods of prevention are considered. A comparison of the main tocolytic agents, their advantages and disadvantages is presented. Key words: premature birth, perinatal and infantile mortality, tocolysis, magnesium sulfate, gestational age.
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El-Gaber Ali, Abd El-Naser Abd, Khaled M Abdallah, and Ahmed Abdelhamid. "Sildenafil Citrate Versus Nifedipine and Dydrogesreone in Prevention of Preterm Labor with Short Cervix." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/009.
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Background: Prevention of the premature birth occurrence remains is considered one of the most tough challenges for obstetricians worldwide, mainly to avoid neonatal prematurity complications leading to short and long term morbidities additionally prematurity prevention will reduce premature neonatal mortality rates which is considered a major health concern of obstetricians, neonatologists and families. Objective: To compare and contrast the efficacy of Sildenafil citrate, Nifedipine and Dydrogesrone in prevention of premature labor in gestations with short cervix. Setting: Obstetrics & Gynecology Departments, Faculties of medicine, south Valley and Al-Azhar (Asyut) Universities, Egypt. Duration: from September 2014 to March 2018. Patients And Methds: the study was conducted on 300 pregnant women who randomly divided into three groups: Group I included 100 cases received Sildenafil citrate (Respatio tablet 20mg twice daily orally), Group II included 100 cases received Nifedipine (Epilat retard tablets 20mg twice daily orally) and Group III included 100 pregnant women received dydrogesreone 10 mg (Duphaston) twice daily orally. Results: incidence of preterm labor was (9.37, 8.51 and 14.28) in (Group I, Group II and Group II) respectively. Mean ± SD of cervical length at 32 weeks of gestation was mildly statistically significant among groups (p value <0.05) but no significance in neonatal outcome (p value >0.05) except birth weight which had a highly statistically significant difference (p value < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant difference among studied groups as regard to drug side effects in (p value <0.001). Conclusion: Sildenafil citrate was as effective as Nifedipine and better than oral Dydrogesterone on myometrial relaxation and prevention of preterm birth in pregnant women who had short cervix.
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Gazaway, Preston, and C. Lynn Mullins. "Prevention of Preterm Labor and Premature Rupture of the Membranes." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 29, no. 4 (December 1986): 835–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-198612000-00010.
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Vidyasagar, Dharmapuri. "Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Perinatal approach." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (2016): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1466.
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ABSTRACT Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial vasoproliferative retinal disorder in the premature infant exposed to high oxygen therapy. Retinopathy of prematurity is a major contributor to childhood blindness. Whereas ROP in high-income countries is decreasing, it is increasing in the low and middle-income countries, such as India. On the other hand, ROP is also a preventable disease. So far, preventive programs have focused on pediatric, neonatal, and nursing practices: Minimizing exposure to oxygen of premature babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in respiratory distress (RDS) and early detection of ROP and treatment by the ophthalmologists. Prematurity is the major risk factor for ROP. Decreasing the risk of prematurity requires a perinatal approach. Evidence shows that good antenatal care, managing preterm labor, and administration of antenatal steroids decrease respiratory complication and the need for oxygen therapy in the premature infants. There is also a need for decreasing the elective cesarean sections (ECS) which add to iatrogenic preterm births and associated respiratory complications. New research shows that inflammatory factors that lead to premature labor also make the premature retinal vessels susceptible to developing ROP. These scientific findings lay ground for a stronger perinatal approach to prevent ROP in future. This article attempts to highlight the perinatal approach to prevent ROP. How to cite this article Vidyasagar D. Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Perinatal Approach. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):185-188.
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Olesov, E. E., O. S. Kaganova, V. V. Reva, V. N. Olesova, and V. V. Mikryukov. "THE COST OF LABOR AND PREVENTION OF DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES WITH THE USE OF PLATES WITH ARTIFICIAL TEETH WHEN PREZHDEVREMENNOY LOSS OF DECIDUOUS TEETH." Russian Journal of Dentistry 22, no. 5 (October 15, 2018): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2018-22-5-270-272.
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The calculations of labor intensity and cost of prevention of dentoalveolar anomalies in children with premature loss of teeth using a removable plate with artificial teeth. The method of calculations is described in detail, the differentiated values of labor intensity and cost of different stages of production of the plate and its use are given. The complexity of manufacturing a removable plate with artificial teeth and the corresponding observation by an orthodontist doctor in the process of preventing deformation in a child with premature loss of temporary teeth is an average of 7.5 hours; direct labor costs of the doctor are 4.3 hours, dental technician-1.9 hours. The cost of production of the plate and subsequent treatment is 13 370 rubles, among which 80% is the remuneration of the main and auxiliary personnel with tax charges.
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Kokoeva, D. N., M. K. Medzhidova, N. A. Lomova, N. E. Kan, and V. L. Tyutyunnik. "Prevention of premature birth in pregnant women with vaginal candidiasis." Medical Council, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2019-7-52-56.
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Candida vulvovaginitis is an infectious lesion of the vulvar and vaginal mucosa caused by Candida yeast fungi. Vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy is associated with spontaneous miscarriages, premature rupture of the fetal membranes, premature birth, and low birth weight babies. Considering the potential risk of premature delivery at fungal invasion at the level of the lower reproductive tract of a pregnant woman, the search for a complex of preventive measures and timely treatment of сandida vulvovaginitis during gestation is of particular interest. The article presents the results of the use of the drug Zalain in 36 pregnant women, with a gestation period of 28 weeks or more with acute candidal vulvaginitis. In the course of the work, the results of local therapy with Zalain were evaluated and its clinical efficacy in the prevention of preterm labor was confirmed. The results of treatment contribute to a significant reduction in the frequency of initiation of preterm labor, as well as a persistent effect for 2-4 weeks after completion of the course in the postpartum period and the absence of early and distant manifestations of candidiasis in newborns.
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Shahbazian, Nahid, Najmieh Saadati, and Mina Mahdavi. "Comparison of Magnesium Sulfate and Nifedipine in Prevention of Preterm Labor." Journal of Molecular Biology Research 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmbr.v10n1p12.
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Introduction: Fetal and neonatal complications are more common in premature than full term pregnancy. Treatment of preterm labor and postpone delivery increases neonatal survival and better quality of life and reduces health care costs for premature infants. This study aimed to compare the effects of Nifedipine and Magnesium sulfate in arresting preterm labor and to adverse the effects of these drugs.
Materials and Methods: This randomized and clinical trial study was performed on 100 pregnant women who were hospitalized for preterm labor pain. The participants were pregnant women with the gestational age of 28 to 34 weeks and with a single pregnancy and symptoms of preterm were studied. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. After not suppressing the pain by fluid therapy, in the first group Magnesium sulfate infused injection (N=50) was performed, while in the second group, oral Nifedipine were given. The research uses SPSS software (version 20) statistical software issue 20 to analyze the result of tests with descriptive statistical methods including independent T test and chi square test.
Results: Mean maternal age, gestational age, parity converted Magnesium sulfate and Nifedipine group had no significant difference in statistical analysis. Delivery was delayed more than 48 hours in 48% (24 person) of cases in the Magnesium sulfate group and in 72% (36 person) in Nifedipine group (p=0.03). A statistically significant difference in response to treatment was more in group of Nifedipine.
Conclusion: The results showed that Nifedipine is more effective than Magnesium sulfate in postponing delivery (more than 48 hours), producing minimal side effect, having adequate price and applying an easy use method. Therefore, Nifedipine, as a tocolytic, can be a good substitute for Magnesium sulfate in preterm labor treatment.
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Solehati, Tetti, Hana Giriutami, Meideline Chintya, Siti Haiva Alawiyah, Selvia Nurfauzan, Riftania Aulia Puri, Muhammad Iqbal Assafa, and Cecep Eli Kosasih. "Intervensi selama kehamilan untuk mencegah kelahiran prematur: Systematic literature review." Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan 14, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v14i2.2685.
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Interventions during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth: A systematic literature review Background: Premature birth is a major factor that contributes to mortality of newborns globally and impacts long-term to health problems for survivors. Premature births have increased in the last 20 years where the phenomenon is equivalent to 1 in 10 births each year. Therefore, prevention of preterm labor is important given to pregnant women.Purpose: This study aimed to find out effectiveness interventions during pregnancy to preventing preterm birth.Method: The design used literature review, articles were collected using search engines such as Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) as many as 78 articles, CINAHL (EBSCO) 36 articles, Science Direct 593 articles, and PUBMED 55 articles. From the predetermined article criteria, it found 3 articles from 762 that correspond to different interventions, namely consumption of progesterone supplements, cognitive behavior to reduce cigarette smoke exposure, and early detection in pregnant women at high risk of preterm delivery.Results: The result showed that there were 3 interventions in the effort to prevent preterm birth, namely: progesterone supplementation therapy, the intervention to reduce exposure to cigarette smoke in the environment, and identification and management of early detection of fast on pregnant women at high risk of preterm birth.Conclusion and Recommendation: several interventions can use in preventing preterm birth of pregnant women effectively, such as progesterone supplementation, reduction in cigarette smoke exposure in pregnant women, and early detection of pregnancy. Further research is suggested by involving the role of the family in preventing premature birthKeywords: Intervention; Pregnant women; Premature birth; Prevention Pendahuluan: Kelahiran prematur merupakan faktor mayor yang berkontribusi terhadap kematian bayi baru lahir secara global dan berdampak pada masalah kesehatan jangka panjang untuk bayi yang selamat. Kelahiran prematur mengalami peningkatan pada 20 tahun terakhir dimana fenomenanya setara dengan 1 dari 10 kelahiran tiap tahunnya. Oleh karena itu pencegahan persalinan prematur penting diberikan kepada ibu hamil.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui intervensi efektif selama kehamilan dalam mencegah persalinan prematur.Metode: Desain yang digunakan adalah literature review, artikel dikumpulkan menggunakan mesin pencarian seperti Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) 78 articles, CINAHL (EBSCO) 36 articles, Science Direct 593 articles, dan PUBMED 55 articles. Dari kriteria inklusi artikel yang telah ditentukan, ditemukan 3 artikel dari 762 yang sesuai dengan intervensi yang berbeda.Hasil: menunjukan bahwa ada 3 intervensi dalam upaya mencegah kelahiran prematur yaitu: terapi suplementasi progesteron, intervesi pengurangan paparan asap rokok pada lingkungan, dan identifikasi dan penatalaksanaan deteksi dini secara cepat terhadap ibu hamil yang berisiko tinggi lahir prematur.Simpulan dan Saran: Intervensi pemberian suplemen progesteron, pengurangan paparan asap rokok di lingkungan ibu hamil, dan deteksi dini pada kehamilan terbukti efektif dalam mencegah kelahiran prematur pada ibu hamil. Disarankan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan melibatkan peran keluarga dalam mencegah kelahiran prematur.
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Hao, Hongying, Stephen Nicholas, Lizheng Xu, Anli Leng, Jingjie Sun, and Zhiyan Han. "Productivity Losses Due to Diabetes in Urban Rural China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 5873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105873.
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Background: Productivity losses due to diabetes are increasing in China, but research about the impact of diabetes on productivity in urban and rural areas requires further in-depth study. This article provides the first estimate of the cost of productivity losses attributed to diabetes in individuals 20–69 years old in urban and rural areas of China. Methods: The human capital approach is employed to measure the productivity losses attributed to absenteeism, presenteeism, labor force dropout, and premature deaths due to diabetes of the 20–69-year-old population of males and females in urban and rural areas of China. Based on the life table modelling, we calculate the years of potential life lost and working years of life lost of people with diabetes. Results: In 2017, we estimated that there were 100.46 million people with diabetes, with the total cost of productivity losses being USD 613.60 billion, comprising USD 326.40 billion from labor force dropout, USD 186.34 billion from premature death, USD 97.71 billion from absenteeism, and USD 27.04 billion from presenteeism. Productivity loss was greater in urban (USD 490.79 billion) than rural areas (USD 122.81 billion), with urban presenteeism (USD 2.54 billion) greater than rural presenteeism (USD 608.55 million); urban absenteeism (USD 79.10 billion) greater than rural absenteeism (USD 18.61 billion); urban labor force dropout (USD 261.24 billion) greater than rural labor force dropout (USD 65.15 billion); and urban premature death (USD 147.90 billion) greater than rural premature death (USD 38.44 billion). Conclusions: Diabetes has a large and significant negative impact on productivity in urban and rural China. Productivity loss is significantly higher in urban versus rural regions. Further investment is required in the prevention, diagnosis, and control of diabetes in under-resourced health services in rural locations as well as in urban areas, where most diabetes cases reside. Specifically, targeted and effective diabetes prevention and management actions are urgently required.
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Logsdon, Beth A., and Daniel T. Casto. "Prevention of Group B Streptococcus Infection in Neonates." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 7-8 (July 1997): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100718.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology of group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, risk factors for infection, and clinical manifestations of disease in the neonate, as well as the role of chemoprophylaxis and immunoprophylaxis in prevention of GBS disease and current recommendations for prevention. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: MEDLINE searches (1976–1997) of the English-language literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: Despite clinical advances in health care in the past two decades, GBS remains a leading cause of serious neonatal infection. Most early-onset GBS infections can be prevented through the use of intrapartum antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis. Preventing GBS infection in neonates is more cost-effective than treating GBS infections, and implementing prevention programs can reduce morbidity and mortality resulting from GBS disease. Many proposals have been made regarding prevention strategies; however, they have not been implemented widely and consistently in the US. To coordinate both pediatric and obstetric supported strategies, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently published recommendations for prevention of neonatal GBS disease through two possible strategies. In the first strategy, intrapartum antibiotic chemoprophylaxis should be offered to all women identified by prenatal culture as colonized and those who develop premature membrane rupture or onset of labor at less than 37 weeks gestation. The second strategy involves administration of intrapartum antibiotics to all women who develop one or more risk factors at the time of membrane rupture or onset of labor. CONCLUSIONS: GBS is difficult to eradicate, causing many women to be colonized with the organism during pregnancy and labor, thereby infecting their infant. Prevention strategies have been published for more than 10 years without successful implementation. Although optimal prevention management has not been defined, following one of two strategies recommended by the CDC can prevent the majority of GBS infections in neonates.
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Di Renzo, Gian Carlo, Valentina Tosto, Valentina Tsibizova, and Eduardo Fonseca. "Prevention of Preterm Birth with Progesterone." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 4511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194511.
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Gestational age at birth is a critical factor for perinatal and adulthood outcomes, and even for transgenerational conditions’ effects. Preterm birth (PTB) (prematurity) is still the main determinant for infant mortality and morbidity leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, preterm birth (PTB) is a relevant public health issue worldwide and the global PTB rate is around 11%. The premature activation of labor is underlined by complex mechanisms, with a multifactorial origin influenced by numerous known and probably unknown triggers. The possible mechanisms involved in a too early labor activation have been partially explained, and involve chemokines, receptors, and imbalanced inflammatory paths. Strategies for the early detection and prevention of this obstetric condition were proposed in clinical settings with interesting results. Progesterone has been demonstrated to have a key role in PTB prevention, showing several positive effects, such as lower prostaglandin synthesis, the inhibition of cervical stromal degradation, modulating the inflammatory response, reducing gap junction formation, and decreasing myometrial activation. The available scientific knowledge, data and recommendations address multiple current areas of debate regarding the use of progesterone in multifetal gestation, including different formulations, doses and routes of administration and its safety profile in pregnancy.
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Reznichenko, G. I., N. Yu Reznichenko, V. Yu Potebnya, and I. L. Antonyuk. "Prospects of the treatment of preterm labor by the use of sublingual forms of micronized progesterone." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(113) (September 30, 2016): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.113.28.
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The objective: to determine the efficacy of sublingual forms of micronized progesterone (Luteina) in treatment of women with preterm labor. Patients and methods. 45 women with preterm labor were examined in 24–35 weeks of gestation. 2 subgroups were formed. Subgroup Ia consisted of 23 women, who received micronized progesterone sublingually in complex treatment, subgroup IB consisted of 22 pregnant women, who didn’t receive progesterone. 56 case reports of premature births were analyzed retrospectively. The main group of pregnant women underwent general and biochemical examination, determination of ALT, AST, total bilirubin and progesterone. Results. Risk factors for preterm labor during observation in the antenatal clinic were established. They included the underestimation of anamnesis, incomplete examination, delayed treatment of threatened preterm labor, insufficient prevention of complications of pregnancy. It was established that the levels of both AST and ALT as well as total bilirubin in serum hadn’t change after the treatment in both subgroups of women from I group. The decrease in the serum level of progesterone was observed in both subgroups. Average concentration of progesterone in blood serum increased up to 1108±39 nmol/l on the third day of treatment in the subgroup Ia, and it reached 1260±42 nmol/l on the seventh day, whereas its dynamics practically didn’t chang in subgroup IB (882±33 nmol/l and 893±31 respectively). The use of sublingual form of micronized progesterone in the complex treatment of women with preterm labor gave the opportunity 2 times to decrease frequency of premature births, 1.5 times to decrease frequency of delivery complications, almost 2.5 to improve perinatal consequences compared to subgroup of women who hadn’t use progesterone. Conclusions. 1. Risk factors of preterm labor are delayed first prenatal visit of pregnant women to antenatal clinic, the underestimation of anamnesis and risk factors for the development of gestational complications, incomplete examination, delayed treatment of threatened preterm labor, incomplete prevention of pregnancy complications. 2. The use of sublingual forms of micronized progesterone in cases of signs of preterm labor permits to restore quickly the level of progesterone in blood serum to physiological parameters, 2 times to decrease the frequency of premature births and 2.5 times to decrease perinatal consequences in infants. 3. The use of sublingual form of micronized progesterone in pregnant women with preterm labor does not affect the function of the liver. 4. The obtained results allow to recommend the wide use of sublingval form of micronized progesterone to pregnant women with preterm labor. Key words: preterm labor, treatment, Luteina.
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Kwong, Melinda S., and Edmund A. Egan. "Reduced Incidence of Hyaline Membrane Disease in Extremely Premature Infants Following Delay of Delivery in Mother With Preterm Labor: Use of Ritodrine and Betamethasone." Pediatrics 78, no. 5 (November 1, 1986): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.5.767.
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Data from two groups of infants (24 to 28 weeks' gestational age) excluded from a controlled trial of the use of calf lung surfactant extract for the prevention of hyaline membrane disease are reported. The two groups were excluded from the trial because the mothers had received betamethasone for greater than 24 hours prior to delivery or because, on admission to the hospital, labor was too far advanced for proper informed consent to enter the trial. Attempts were made to delay delivery of threatened premature labor by the use of ritodrine in all mothers without evidence of infection, heavy vaginal bleeding, or severe preeclampsia and to induce surfactant production by maternal injection of betamethasone. A prospective scoring system and respiratory support variables were used to compare the groups. Infants born to mothers who successfully completed this regimen had a 28% incidence of hyaline membrane disease v a 68% incidence in infants in whose mothers it was unsuccessful due to inability to stop advanced labor (P = .001). Inspired oxygen, mean airway pressure, and ventilator rate were lower and the ventilator efficiency index was higher in the treated group during the first 48 hours of life. An aggressive approach to postpone premature delivery and to induce surfactant production by using tocolysis and a regimen of glucocorticoids reduces the incidence of hyaline membrane disease in very premature infants, 24 to 28 weeks' gestation.
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McGregor, James A., and Janice I. French. "Pathogenesis to Treatment: Preventing Preterm Birth Mediated by Infection." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5, no. 2 (1997): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744997000173.
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Prevention of preterm birth and subsequent newborn immaturity is a primary goal of obstetrical care worldwide. Accumulated evidence shows that 1) as many as 25–50% of preterm births are caused by common genital tract infections and subsequent maternal/fetal inflammatory responses; 2) microbial and maternal host factors (phospholipases, proteases, etc.) play roles in preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM); 3) integrated aspects of maternal and fetal host responses (inflammation, altered immune adaptations, endocrine and paracrine mechanisms) play increasingly understood roles in premature activation of parturition; and 4) identification and systemic treatment of common genitourinary infections, most importantly bacterial vaginosis (BV), reduce the risks of preterm delivery and PROM.
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Petrenko, Ye, and K. P. Strubchevka. "Preterm labor: issues of prognosis, prevention and management (Literature rewiew)." Reproductive health of woman 3 (May 3, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2708-8731.3.2021.234245.
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Preterm labor is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and the most common cause for antenatal hospitalization. Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm each year worldwide. Of those, one million babies die before the age of 5, which is 18% of all deaths of children at this age. 35% of early and late neonatal mortality (under 28 days of age) is associated with preterm birth.The pathophysiology of preterm labor includes at least four major pathogenetic mechanisms. The studied components of this process are premature activation of the maternal or fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, inflammation or infection, decidual hemorrhage and pathological overdistension of the uterus. The diagnosis of preterm labor is based on the determination of concomitant regular uterine contractions and cervical changes. Vaginal bleeding and/or rupture of the amniotic membranes only increase the likelihood of this diagnosis. To improve the accuracy of diagnosis and assess the potential risk of preterm birth in the presence of symptoms in pregnant women, it is proposed to use such diagnostic tests as transvaginal ultrasound to measure cervical length; detection in vaginal fluids of fetal fibronectin (fFN), phosphorylated protein-1, which binds insulin-like growth factor (IGFBP-1), placental alpha-microglobulin, the ratio of insulin-like growth factorebinding protein 4 (IBP4) and sex hormoneebinding globulin (SHBG) – PreTRM-test.Correct identification of women in the true preterm labor allows performing appropriate actions, which results in better outcomes for the newborn. These are using of corticosteroids to prevent respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn; prevention of group B streptococcal infection; magnesium sulfate to protect the baby’s nervous system; transportation to the institution of the third level of perinatal care, which can provide a newborn with appropriate medical care. Preventative and therapeutic measures for women, which have a high risk of preterm labor, include taking progesterone, cervical cerclage and an application of obstetric pessary.
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Ducsay, Charles A. "Fetal and Maternal Adaptations to Chronic Hypoxia: Prevention of Premature Labor in Response to Chronic Stress." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 119, no. 3 (March 1998): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(98)01004-6.
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Bytautiene, Egle, Roberto Romero, Yuri P. Vedernikov, Faten El-Zeky, George R. Saade, and Robert E. Garfield. "Induction of premature labor and delivery by allergic reaction and prevention by histamine H1 receptor antagonist." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 191, no. 4 (October 2004): 1356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.092.
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Karakhalis, L. Yu, and N. S. Ivantsiv. "Prevention of labor complication via the improvement of vaginal microbiocenosis." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 4, no. 1 (2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-31-35.
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Aim: to assess the effect of Lactobacilli on vaginal microbiocenosis in pregnant women with its pre-existing disturbances manifested as an increase in vaginal pH levels (>4.5) and pathological vaginal discharge in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Patients and Methods: a prospective study involved 261 pregnant women who registered their pregnancy before 14 weeks. Group 1 included 147 women with vaginal pH>4.5 and gray white smelling discharge, but no cornified squamous epithelial cells and negative whiff test. Group 2 included 114 pregnant women with vaginal pH 3.8–4.5 and no vaginal discharge. At 11–14 weeks, 18–21 weeks, 30–34 weeks, and before delivery (36–41 weeks), vaginal pH, the composition of opportunistic flora, and Lactobacilli count were evaluated. In group 1, intravaginal lyophilized culture of L. casei rhamnosus (LCR) Doderleini was prescribed after each screening and before the delivery (in total, 4 courses). Results: the use of LCR preparation throughout the gestation reduced vaginal pH from 4.9 (11–14 weeks) to 4.5 (36–41 weeks) (p=0.001). In group 2, vaginal pH increased from 4.35 to 4.7 (p=0.000). In group 1 (probiotic containing LCR Lactobacilli was prescribed), the percentage of women with isolated L. jensenii strain increased by 1.6 times (from 9.52% to 14.96%). Meanwhile, in group 2 (no probiotic was prescribed), the percentage of women with isolated L. jensenii strain reduced by 4.2 times (from 14.91% to 3,51%; p=0.000). In group 1, abnormal birth activity and premature rupture of membranes were reported significantly less common (р=0.0001 and р=0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: probiotic containing LCR is favorable in terms of reducing the rate of pregnancy and birth complications. This fact is of particular importance for women who are at risk of bacterial vaginosis. KEYWORDS: pregnancy, Lactobacilli, vaginal microbiocenosis, pH measurement, probiotics. FOR CITATION: Karakhalis L.Yu., Ivantsiv N.S. Prevention of labor complication via the improvement of vaginal microbiocenosis. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):31–35. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-31-35.
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Bukhtiyarov, Igor V., Lyudmila P. Kuzmina, Lyudmila M. Bezrukavnikova, and Richard A. Anvarul. "Alcohol-associated problems and alcohol prevention in occupational medicine (analytical review)." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 10 (November 18, 2021): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-10-674-685.
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Alcohol abuse is one of the main lifestyle factors affecting the health of the Russian population and determining the level and dynamics of morbidity and mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases. Alcohol addiction is one of the most difficult and dangerous diseases for humanity due to the enormous medical, social, moral, ethical, economic and spiritual losses. Alcohol damage is associated with medical expenses, reduced labor productivity, premature death. In the Concept of the implementation of the state policy to reduce alcohol abuse and prevent alcoholism among the population of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020, it was stated that "alcohol abuse causes a particularly high mortality rate among men 40-60 years old, who at this age have the most valuable professional skills; their premature death damages the workforce with professional experience, reduces the amount of investment in human capital". Conducting an anti-alcohol program within the framework of occupational medicine seems to be an effective method of solving the problems of both the drinker himself and society as a whole. Alcohol risk management of Russian enterprises is a very promising and in-demand area of scientific and practical activity, which is of great interest to physicians, managers, economists and representatives of many other fields and professions.
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Khalil, Nazma, Kazi Shafiqul Halim, and Israt Jahan Ummon. "Study on Effect of Magnesium Sulfate as Tocolytic Agent." Bangladesh Medical Journal 49, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v49i2.55816.
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We face many problems in diagnosis, monitoring and adopting treatment policy.There are very limited studies about preterm labour prevention in our country and few national data are available about the incidence of preterm labour. Acute tocolysis prevents preterm labor for 48 hours, which is the critical period for antenatal steroid administration or maternal transfer to perinatal centers to improve neonatal outcomes. This prospective study was conducted. To determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate as tocolytic agent in preterm labour to arrest the premature onset of labour. A total of 90 primigravid and multigravid with preterm labour was included in this study at 250 Beded General Hospital Tangail from January 2012 to December 2015. The mean age of the respondents was 24.13±4.67 year. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 122.47±12.64 and 71.67±12.67 mm of Hg respectively. Gestational age did not influence on the outcome of treatment with Tocolytic regime. Out of 90 pregnant women, 70% were anemic, 53.3% had vaginal bleeding and 76.7% had abdominal pain. Among 90 respondents only 6 women had premature rupture of membrane and about 40% had inadequate amniotic fluid. The three treatment regime (Antibiotic+ Tocolytic+ steroid) was found indifferent in terms of affectivity. Preterm labour is not a very uncommon pregnancy-related complication. This study evaluates, the effect of magnesium sulphate as tocolytic agent. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 25-29
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Niauri, Dariko Aleksandrovna, Aleksej Avenirovich Yakovlev, Tatyana Efimovna Penchuk, Yulija Valer’evna Rad´kova, Yulija Arkad’evna Kukol´nikova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Musatova, and Nina Vladimirovna Khubulava. "Clinical characteristics and obstetrical principals at HIV-infected women in Saint Petersburg." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 63, no. 5 (December 15, 2014): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd63564-72.
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Objective: to determine the clinical course of HIV infection, pregnancy and delivery in HIV-infected women. Materials and Methods: the analysis of 1483 clinical records of the HIV-infected women, who were delivered in specialized infectious and obstetric department in Clinical infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2011-2013. Results: Average age of patients - 28,2 ± 1,2 years. Vast majority of women (78,5 %) knew about the diagnosis “HIV-infection” before pregnancy. The sexual way of transmission dominated (67,6 %) among patients with the detected mechanism of HIV-transmission. Full three-step ARV prevention was performed in 82,4 % (1222) cases. The average amount of patients with 4th stage of HIV infection was 49,2 % (730), thus the number of women in labor with the 4th stage of HIV infection increased from 19,4 to 55,6 % in 2011-2013. There is a high percentage of the coinfection of HIV infection and chronic viral hepatitis C or B + C (50,8 %). The most frequent complications of pregnancy and labour at the HIV-infected women are: iron deficiency anemia, chronic placentary insufficiency, eclampsy, premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Every third pregnant has a combination of these pregnancy complications. Frequency of premature birth was 23,5 %. The majority of pregnant women had vaginal labors (67,3 %) Cesarean sections were performed in 32,7 % cases. Conclusion: In St. Petersburg in 2011-2013 significantly increased the number of women with clinically significant manifestations of HIV infection on the 4th stage of secondary diseases. The most frequent clinical manifestations of 4A stage of HIV infection were fungal (candidiasis) lesion of the mucous genitals, mouth and viral (HSV) lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. The major complications of pregnancy in HIV-infected women are anemia and chronic placental insufficiency. Almost one in four pregnancies ends premature birth. Remains high percentage of cesarean sections, including those caused by infectious indications.
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Carvajal, Jorge A. "Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Early in Pregnancy May Prevent Deep Placentation Disorders." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/526895.
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Uteroplacental ischemia may cause preterm birth, either due to preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or medical indication (in the presence of preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction). Uteroplacental ischemia is the product of defective deep placentation, a failure of invasion, and transformation of the spiral arteries by the trophoblast. The failure of normal placentation generates a series of clinical abnormalities nowadays called “deep placentation disorders”; they include preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, in utero fetal death, and placental abruption. Early reports suggested that a LC-PUFAs (long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) rich diet reduces the incidence of deep placentation disorders. Recent randomized controlled trials are inconsistent to show the benefit of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy to prevent deep placentation disorders, but most of them showed that DHA supplementation was associated with lower risk of early preterm birth. We postulate that DHA supplementation, early in pregnancy, may reduce the incidence of deep placentation disorders. If our hypothesis is correct, DHA supplementation, early in pregnancy, will become a safe and effective strategy for primary prevention of highly relevant pregnancy diseases, such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction.
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Pachuliya, Olga V., Olesya N. Bespalova, Mariya G. Butenko, Yulia P. Milyutina, Tatyana G. Tral, and Gulrukhsor Kh Tolibova. "“Relaxin-dependent” way of implementing spontaneous preterm labor in multiple pregnancies: The involvement of placental relaxin 2." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 70, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd60946.
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BACKGROUND: Despite numerous studies, the etiopathogenesis of preterm birth in multiple pregnancy remains unclear, which determines the low effectiveness of measures for the prevention of preterm birth. This fact makes it necessary to study possible ways of implementing preterm birth in multiple pregnancies and to search for new biomarkers of their pathogenetic links. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the contribution of the pleiotropic hormone relaxin to the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes and its role in the implementation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of pregnancy complications, primarily premature birth. The proven autocrine / paracrine mechanism of placental relaxin action, which implements important local effects, determines the prospects for studying the contribution of its dysregulation to the implementation of spontaneous preterm labor in multiple pregnancies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A morphological examination of 92 placentas from 46 deliveries of dichorionic diamniotic twins was performed: 24 of them were spontaneous premature births and 22 spontaneous term births. Histological examination of placentas along with immunohistochemical verification of relaxin 2 expression in the chorionic villus of the dichorial twins placentas were carried out.
RESULTS: Histological examination of the dichorionic twins placentas revealed that those from spontaneous preterm birth were characterized by a higher frequency of chronic placental insufficiency with reduced compensatory and adaptive mechanisms and more pronounced circulatory disorders in the circulatory bed of the villous tree, when compared to placentas from spontaneous term labor. The first verification of relaxin 2 expression in the chorionic villi of the dichorionic twins placenta showed the role of the peptide in the initiation of spontaneous preterm birth. The relative area of relaxin 2 expression in spontaneous preterm labor was significantly higher (p 0.05) compared to that in spontaneous term labor.
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained confirm the hypothesis put forward about the involvement of placental relaxin in the pathogenesis of spontaneous preterm labor in multiple pregnancies. The authors were the first to propose the definition of a relaxin-dependent way of implementing spontaneous preterm labor. To help define new preventive strategies, the prospects for further studies of the role and significance of relaxin in the implementation of pathogenic processes involved in spontaneous preterm birth in multiple pregnancies have been outlined.
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Lepercq, Jacques, Jean Marc Treluyer, Christelle Auger, Josette Raymond, Elisabeth Rey, Thomas Schmitz, and Vincent Jullien. "Evaluation of Cefotaxime and Desacetylcefotaxime Concentrations in Cord Blood after Intrapartum Prophylaxis with Cefotaxime." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 6 (March 23, 2009): 2342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01429-08.
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ABSTRACT Preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with a high risk of neonatal sepsis. An increase in the incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis due to ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in premature infants has been observed in the past few years. Intrapartum prophylaxis with ampicillin has proven to be efficient for the prevention of early neonatal sepsis due to group B streptococci. To date, there is no strategy for the prevention of early neonatal sepsis due to ampicillin-resistant E. coli. Our aim was to investigate whether a standardized dosage regimen of intrapartum cefotaxime could provide concentrations in the cord blood greater than the cefotaxime MIC90 for E. coli. Seven pregnant women hospitalized with preterm premature rupture of the membranes and colonized with ampicillin-resistant isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae were included. Cefotaxime was given intravenously during delivery, as follows: 2 g at the onset of labor and then 1 g every 4 h until delivery. Blood specimens were collected from the mother 30 min after the first injection and just before the second injection, and at birth, blood specimens were simultaneously collected from the mother and the umbilical cord. The concentrations of cefotaxime in the cord blood ranged from 0.5 to 8.5 mg/liter. The MIC90 of cefotaxime for E. coli strains (0.125 mg/liter) was achieved in all cases. This preliminary study supports the use of cefotaxime for intrapartum prophylaxis in women colonized with ampicillin-resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. The effectiveness of this regimen for the prevention of neonatal sepsis needs to be evaluated with a larger population.
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Oganyan, Kristina Albertovna, Ol’ga Nikolaevna Arzhanova, Svetlana L’vovna Zatsiorskaya, and Alevtina Mikhailovna Savicheva. "Enterococci and their role in perinatal pathology." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 64, no. 5 (December 15, 2015): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd64548-54.
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Enterococcus are opportunistic bacteria and are members of the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. The prevalence of enterococcal infections in pregnant women is approximately 28 %. Enterococcus, colonizing the urogenital tract pregnant women mostly do not show pathogenic effect, however, it is known that they can lead to the development of such complications of pregnancy as threatened preterm labor, placental insufficiency, hypotrophy of the fetus. Of complications in childbirth most common in premature labor, untimely discharge of amniotic fluid, fetal hypoxia. According to the literature cause of neonatal bacteremia and sepsis in 10 % of cases are enterococcus. Thus, for the prevention of complications of pregnancy, delivery and perinatal outcomes in the allocation of Enterococcus urogenital tract to undergo antibacterial therapy, given the sensitivity to antibiotics.
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Yakovleva, O. V., T. N. Glukhova, and I. E. Rogozhina. "Current views on the possibility of cervical insufficiency correction." Kazan medical journal 100, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2019-264.
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The main role in spontaneous abortion in 2nd and 3d trimesters is assigned to cervical insufficiency. According to a number of researchers, bed rest, elevated lower limbs, restriction of physical activity, tocolysis, antibacterial therapy do not affect the prolongation of pregnancy and are ineffective for preventing premature spontaneous labor. Correction of cervical insufficiency can be carried out by a vaginal form of progesterone, cerclage, pessary. The use of vaginal progesterone is justified in women with recurrent miscarriage, a history of premature birth, and shortening of the cervix to less than 25 mm. Indications for surgical correction are limited to patients with habitual loss of pregnancy due to cervical weakness or a history of premature birth. In the absence of significant obstetric history, cerclage has no advantages over the use of progesterone. The optimal time for cerclage is up to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Unlike progesterone cerclage has complications, the frequency and severity of which are attributable to the timing and indications for correction. Transabdominal cerclage is performed only when there is a technical impossibility of vaginal access due to the absence of a vaginal part of the cervix or after unsuccessful attempts of vaginal cerclages. Most often, the use of a pessary is associated with the diagnosis of a short cervix in terms of more than 24 weeks of gestation in the absence of an aggravated history. The combined use of gestagens, pessary and cerclage does not increase the efficiency of carrying a singleton pregnancy. Methods for the prevention of preterm delivery in multiple pregnancy, such as the introduction of a specialized outpatient service, bed rest, antibacterial therapy, progesterone, preventive cerclage or the insertion of a pessary do not change the incidence and mortality of newborns.
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Romanenko, T. G., and O. M. Sulimenko. "Великі акушерські синдроми – сучасні можливості профілактики." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(132) (July 30, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.132.67.
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The objective: was to reduce the incidence and severity of the development of «Great Obstetrical Syndromes»: miscarriage of pregnancy, placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation and / or fetal distress, preeclampsia, premature detachment of a normally located placenta, premature delivery, by developing an algorithm for prophylaxis during pregnancy in women at high risk for their development. Materials and methods. Clinical and statistical analysis of pregnancy in 88 pregnant women with high risk of decompensation of placental insufficiency was conducted. Depending on the method of preventing complications, 2 groups were formed. The I group included 58 pregnant women who were offered the following algorithm: micronized progesterone 200 mg PV from 6 to 20 weeks of gestation; from 21 to 26 weeks of gestation and from 31 to 36 weeks; phleboprotector with ultra-micronized fractions of bioflavonoids (Flego) 15 ml per os; with subsequent appointment from 21 to 26 weeks of gestation; and from 31 to 36 weeks. Group II included 30 pregnant women who had abandoned any proposed prophylactic measures. The control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant women. Clinical and statistical analysis of pregnancy in the study groups was conducted. During statistical processing, personal computer and software Microsoft Excel XP and Statistica 6.0 Windows, methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis were used. The reliability of the difference between the indicators is estimated by the Student-Fisher criterion. Results. The method of prophylaxis of «Great Obstetrical Syndromes» by sequential administration from the early stages of pregnancy of micronized progesterone with the following appointment – from the second trimester of pregnancy – showed a high efficacy of the phleboprotector, which is manifested in a significantly lower number of cases of preeclampsia in the main group of 3.5% (2) versus 50% (15) in the control group, placental insufficiency was 13.8% (8) versus 100% (30); fetal growth retardation was 5.2% (3) versus 56.7% (17); fetal distress was 3.5% (2) versus 43 , 3% (13), preterm labor 1.7% (1) versus 13.3% (4) and in the absence of premature detachment normal but located on the placenta, severe forms of preeclampsia and placental insufficiency. Conclusions. Pregnant of «Great Obstetrical Syndromes» risk groups need timely prophylactic measures to reduce the likelihood of a pathological pregnancy and improve perinatal outcomes. The proposed prophylaxis scheme significantly lowered the incidence of large obstetric syndromes and improved neonatal outcomes. Key words: great obstetrical syndromes, pathological pregnancy, placental dysfunction, phleboprotector.
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Hychka, N. M. "Features of pregnancy, delivery, the condition of the fetus and newborn in women with miscarriage in history (Retrospective analysis)." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 3(139) (April 30, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.139.44.
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Perinatal aspects of miscarriage, despite advances in the study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of prematurity of pregnancy, continue to be leading in modern obstetrics. The issues of forecasting, prevention and prevention of perinatal complications require a clear understanding of the mechanism of the impact of the threat of spontaneous miscarriage and premature birth on the fetus. The objective: to study the frequency and causes affecting the main indicators of the results of preterm pregnancy to improve organizational measures aimed at the prevention of perinatal and obstetric complications and improve medical care for preterm infants. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective clinical and statistical analysis of 1976 histories of pregnancy and childbirth of women who were treated and delivered in the Kiev City Maternity Hospital No. 3 for 2014–2018 years. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of indicators of the fetal biophysical profile, which was performed in 140 pregnant women. For in-depth study of the causes and consequences of preterm birth, we analyzed the results of 83 histomorphological studies of placenta in preterm birth. Results. The main factors of the development of miscarriage, according to the results obtained by us are the young and late reproductive age of pregnant women, low social status, late registration in the women’s clinic, concomitant extragenital and gynecological pathology. Prior to the main pregnancy complications in the examined pregnant women, the threat of abortion in the first and second trimesters and the threat of premature birth preceding hospitalization were considered. Childbirth was burdened with premature rupture of the fetal bladder, abnormalities of labor, manual examination of the walls of the uterine cavity. Early neonatal period in premature newborns was complicated by pathology caused primarily by immaturity of organs and systems. Pathomorphological examination of the placenta after premature birth revealed a cell-parenchymal type of placental insufficiency. Analysis of the results of immunological reactivity showed an increase in alloantigens of fetal origin in pregnant women with miscarriage. Conclusion. A retrospective clinical and statistical analysis of the frequency and course of preterm birth over the past five years revealed a number of social, medical and biological factors that contribute to the induction of prematurity and adversely affect the functional state of the fetus and, accordingly, may have a prognostic character. Key words: pregnancy, miscarriage, premature birth, fetal biophysical profile, perinatal complications.
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Kontsevaya, Anna V., Dinara K. Mukaneyeva, Yuliya A. Balanova, Mikhail B. Khudyakov, and Oksana M. Drapkina. "Economic burden of respiratory diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Russian Federation, 2016." Russian Pulmonology 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-2-159-166.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate economic burden of respiratory diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Russian Federation (RF) in 2016 including direct costs and economic losses caused by decreased labor efficiency. Methods. The analysis included direct cost, such as healthcare expenses and disablement payout, and economic losses due to decreased labor efficiency by the reason of morbidity and premature mortality. Data of Federal State Statistics Service, annual State Statistical Reports, the State Guarantee Program of Free Medical Care for Citizens of Russian Federation, and statistical data on respiratory diseases and COPD were used. Costs of medical care (ambulatory, hospital, and emergency care) were calculated based on compulsory health insurance tariffs. The amount of disability benefits payments was calculated based on number of disabled persons in each group and the size of the disability benefit. Indirect costs (or economic losses) included losses from non-produced products due to premature mortality and disability of working-aged adults. Results. In 2016, there were 623,000 years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to respiratory diseases, mainly in males. Of this, 35% of deaths and 22% of YPLL were related to COPD. Healthcare costs for COPD treatment included hospital care costs (83.9%), ambulatory care costs (11.1%) and emergency care costs (5%). In 2016, the economic burden of COPD in Russian Federation reached 170.3 billion ₽, or 18.8% of all losses and expenditures from respiratory diseases. This is 0.2% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the same year. Conclusion. The economic burden of COPD in Russia in 2016 was 170.3 billion ₽, or 0.2% of GDP. The burden of COPD predominantly consisted of economic losses caused by premature mortality of working-aged subjects. These data suggest that priority should be given to measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and slowing down the progression of this disease, probably by increase the investment in the prevention and treatment of COPD. Such measures could reduce clinical and economic consequences of COPD.
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Ahmed, Badreldeen, and Zohra Hasnani. "Cervical Length Measurement in Obstetrics: From Academic Luxury to Clinical Practice." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (2012): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1229.
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ABSTRACT Preterm birth is the main cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and can be very costly to the healthcare system. Although improvements in neonatal care have led to higher survival of very premature infants, there is a need for the development of a sensitive method with which to identify women at high risk of preterm delivery and find an effective strategy for the prevention of preterm labor.1 Considering the increased incidence of preterm birth, it has become more important now to be able to early diagnose this problem. The measurement of cervical length to predict the risk of preterm birth can be extremely useful in diagnosing this condition. The use of transvaginal ultrasound in measuring cervical length is safe, reliable and well accepted by women.2 The use of vaginal progesterone has shown to be effective in the prevention of preterm delivery in women with short cervix. Tocolytics are used to delay labor for a minimum of 24 to 48 hours3 for up to 1 week but they have not shown to improve neonatal outcomes and most have undesirable side effects. Steroids can assist with fetal lung maturity when the diagnosis of preterm labor is made,3 they can be used unnecessarily when preterm labor is misdiagnosed. The measurement of cervical length can also be helpful in patients with preterm premature rupture of membrane and in patients with the presence of amniotic fluid (AF) sluge.4 Therefore, performing cervical length measurements in all pregnant women and use it as a screening tool at around 20 weeks of pregnancy to identify patients at high risk of preterm labor can assist with true diagnosis. There is a great expectation from cervical assessment and subsequent addition of progesterone to reduce preterm birth and have better neonatal outcomes. The aim of this review is to bring forward evidence that highlights the importance of performing cervical length measurement in midpregnancy in all pregnant women to predict the risk of preterm birth. Medline, PubMed, MD Consult and Science Direct were searched using the terms cervical length measurement, ‘preterm delivery’, ‘amniotic fluid sludge’ and ‘treatment for preterm birth’. How to cite this article Ahmed B, Hasnani Z. Cervical Length Measurement in Obstetrics: From Academic Luxury to Clinical Practice. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):93-96.
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Laudanski, Piotr, Adam Lemancewicz, Pawel Kuc, Karol Charkiewicz, Barbara Ramotowska, Malgorzata Kretowska, Elwira Jasinska, et al. "Chemokines Profiling of Patients with Preterm Birth." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/185758.
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Introduction.Nowadays it is thought that the main cause of premature birth is subclinical infection. However, none of the currently used methods provide effective prevention to preterm labor. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selected chemokines in sera of patients with premature birth without clinical signs of infection (n=62), threatened preterm labor (n=47), and term births (n=28).Method.To assess the concentration of chemokines in the blood serum, we used a multiplex method, which allows the simultaneous determination of 40 chemokines per sample. The sets consist of the following chemokines: 6Ckine/CCL21, Axl, BTC, CCL28, CTACK/CCL27, CXCL16, ENA-78/CXCL5, Eotaxin-3/CCL26, GCP-2/CXC, GRO (GROα/CXCL1, GROβ/CXCL2 and GROγ/CXCL3), HCC-1/CCL14, HCC-4/CCL16, IL-9, IL-17F, IL18-BPa, IL-28A, IL-29, IL-31, IP-10/CXCL10, I-TAC/CXCL11, LIF, LIGHT/TNFSF14, Lymphotactin/XCL1, MCP-2/CCL8, MCP-3/CCL7, MCP-4/CCL13, MDC/CCL22, MIF, MIP-3α/CCL20, MIP-3-β/CCL19, MPIF-1/CCL23, NAP-2/CXCL7, MSPα, OPN, PARC/CCL18, PF4, SDF-1/CXCL12, TARC/CCL17, TECK/CCL25, and TSLP.Results.We showed possible implication of 4 chemokines, that is, HCC-4, I-TAC, MIP-3α, and TARC in women with symptoms of preterm delivery.Conclusion.On the basis of our findings, it seems that the chemokines may play role in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. Defining their potential as biochemical markers of preterm birth requires further investigation on larger group of patients.
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Kuban, Karl C. K., and Joseph J. Volpe. "Intraventricular Hemorrhage: An Update." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 8, no. 4 (July 1993): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669300800402.
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Although the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has decreased in recent years, the increasing survival rates for the smallest premature infants indicate that the lesion will continue to be a major problem in neonatal intensive care facilities. We review prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal variables that have been associated with enhanced risk of IVH and address some of the methodological limitations of previously reported studies. The neuropa-thology is characterized by bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix, with subsequent rupture into the lateral ventricle. The pathogenesis of IVH relates to intravascular, vascular, and extravascular factors. Intravas-cular factors are those that relate primarily to control of blood flow and pressure in the microcirculation of the germinal matrix. Vascular factors relate to the microcirculation of the matrix, the site of initial bleeding. A maturation-dependent alteration of vascular integrity and a vulnerability of matrix vessels to injury appear important. Extravascular factors include those relevant to mesenchy-mal and glial support for matrix vessels and to local fibrino-lytic activity in the germinal matrix. Prognosis in the setting of IVH relates to the mechanisms of brain injury, the most important of which is pcriventricular hemorrhagic infarction, often inappropriately called grade IV IVH and often associated with subsequent motor and cognitive deficits. Prevention of IVH remains the most important goal. Prenatal interventions include prevention of premature birth, transportation of premature infants to a tertiary facility in utero rather than after birth, possibly prenatal administration of phenobarbital or vitamin K, and optimal management of labor and deliver. Postnatal interventions include careful newborn resuscitation, correction or prevention of major hemodynamic disturbances, and correction of abnormalities of coagulation. Postnatal pharmacological interventions that have been studied in detail include phenobarbital, indomethacin, ethamsylate, and vitamin E. No single agent among this group has been shown consistently to lead to a decrease in incidence and severity of IVH.
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Awgchew, Seife, and Elias Ezo. "Determinants of meconium aspiration syndrome among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, South Ethiopia: Unmatched case–control study." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221124693.
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Objective: To identify determinants of meconium aspiration syndrome among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, South Ethiopia, in 2022. Method: A facility-based unmatched case–control study was used to identify meconium aspiration syndrome with a total sample size of 249 from January to April 2022. Data were entered by using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. Descriptive findings were presented by frequency tables and percentages. Multicollinearity was checked and the goodness of fit test was done. To determine the independent determinants associated with meconium aspiration syndrome, bivariate analysis was done and variables with a p value of <0.05 were taken to multivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated, and statistical significance was declared at a p value less than 0.05. Result: Two hundred forty-nine (83 cases and 166 controls) mothers with their respective neonates were included in this study and that made the overall response rate 100%. Preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio: 3.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 10.97), antepartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio: 3.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.50, 8.78), duration of labor (adjusted odds ratio: 4.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.83, 10.30), premature rupture of membrane (adjusted odds ratio: 16.02, 95% confidence interval: 5.66, 45.29), and obstructed labor (adjusted odds ratio: 4.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.42, 14.70) were determinants of meconium aspiration syndrome. Conclusion: In this study, preeclampsia, antepartum hemorrhage, duration of labor, premature rupture of membrane, and obstructed labor were determinants of meconium aspiration syndrome. Therefore, to reduce the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome, prevention, early identification, and management of these obstetrical factors may help to reduce meconium aspiration syndrome locally.
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Kandukuri, Sai Prasanna, Ramamani Chadalawada, and Bhavishya Gollapalli. "Identification of causative pathogen and its antibiotic sensitivity in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 4250. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194596.
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Background: Pre-labor rupture of membranes is defined as amniotic membrane rupture before the onset of labor contractions, and if it happens before 37 weeks, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Several organisms commonly present in the vaginal tract are E.coli, Group-B streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, chlamydia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis and Enterococcus faecalis which secrete proteases that degrade collagen thereby weakening the fetal membranes leading to PPROM. Appropriate antibiotic therapy has a significant role in the prevention and treatment of maternal and neonatal complications.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayana medical college, Nellore. Selectively 100 patients with complaint of PPROM admitted to labor room were included in the study. Diagnosis of membrane rupture was established by speculum examination, and high vaginal swabs are taken and sent to laboratory for identifying bacteria using gram staining and cultured in aerobic and anaerobic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the organisms was performed by disk diffusion method by Kirby and Bauer.Results: Out of 100, high vaginal swabs had growth in 82 patients, and 18 were sterile. The repeatedly isolated organism in patients with PPROM is E.coli amounting 32%, followed by candidal species 20%. Staphylococci are scoring 11% and enterococci 8%. However, organisms like gardenella vaginalis and Group B streptococcus are least common with a score of 6% and 5% respectively. In this study, E.coli is highly sensitive to tigecycline, colistin 100% each and highly resistant to gentamycin and amikacin.Conclusions: In this study, E.coli is related to the maximum number of cases with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Appropriate use of antibiotics significantly lowers maternal morbidity and neonatal mortality.
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Wachholz, Vanessa Andréia, Melissa Guterres Costa, Nalú Pereira da Costa Kerber, Carla Vitola Gonçalves, Diego Vasconcelos Ramos, and Francielle Garcia Sena. "Relação entre a qualidade da assistência pré-natal e a prematuridade: Uma revisão integrativa." Revista Brasileira de Educação e Saúde 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v6i2.3542.
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A prematuridade é um dos grandes problemas de saúde pública, por contribuir fortemente para a elevada taxa de morbimortalidade infantil. Possíveis fatores de risco que colaboram para sua ocorrência têm sido investigados, dentre eles a assistência pré-natal, pois a mesma é elencada em virtude de, por meio dela, ser possível prevenir, diagnosticar e tratar eventos indesejáveis que possam resultar em danos para mãe e o recém-nascido. Objetivou-se identificar a produção cientifica sobre a associação entre a prematuridade e a qualidade da assistência pré-natal. Revisão integrativa com coleta de dados realizada de março a junho de 2014 utilizando o descritor trabalho de parto prematuro nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde. Os artigos foram organizados conforme o assunto abordado, sendo criadas três categorias: fatores de risco para o parto prematuro, prevenção ao parto prematuro e assistência pré-natal e parto prematuro. Embora tenham sido encontrados poucos estudos relacionando o parto prematuro e a realização do pré-natal, cabe ressaltar a importância da realização de uma assistência pré-natal adequada, de acordo com o que o Ministério da Saúde preconiza por meio de uma rotina mínima. Ela é importante para detectar e tratar precocemente determinadas complicações que levam, entre outros desfechos indesejáveis, ao parto prematuro. Relationship between the quality of service pre -natal and a prematurity: An integrative reviewAbstract: Prematurity is a one of the major problem of public health, for contributing to the high rate of infant morbidity and mortality. Possible risk factors that collaborate to their occurrence have been investigated, including prenatal assistance, because through it, be possible to prevent, diagnose and treat adverse events that may result in damage to mother and the newborn. The objective identify the scientific production on the association between prematurity and the quality of prenatal care. Integrative review with data collection carried out from March to June 2014 using the descriptor preterm labor in databases Scientific Electronic Library Online and International Literature on Health Sciences. The articles were organized according to the subject matter, being created three categories: risk factors for preterm birth, preterm labor prevention and prenatal care and preterm birth. Although they have been found few studies relating the premature birth and the completion of prenatal care, it is important to stress the importance of a proper prenatal care, according to the Ministry of Health recommends using a minimum routine. It is important to detect and treat early certain complications that lead, among other undesirable outcomes, to premature birth.
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Ness, Amen. "Prevention of Preterm Birth Based on Short Cervix: Symptomatic Women With Preterm Labor or Premature Prelabor Rupture of Membranes." Seminars in Perinatology 33, no. 5 (October 2009): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2009.06.009.
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Mastrogiannis, D., and J. Cox. "O590 Effect of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for premature labor prevention on glucose tolerance screening testing and fetal outcomes." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60963-2.
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Pratiksha, Gupta, Aggarwal Neha, Huria Anju, and Lehl Gurvinder. "Significance of bacterial vaginosis and periodontal infection as Predictors of preterm labor." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 3 (November 3, 2016): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i3.14888.
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Aims: To study the relationship between bacterial vaginosis and periodontal infection in third trimester and preterm labor.Settings and Design: The present prospective case control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from January 2007 to June 2008, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32 Chandigarh in collaboration with Department of Dentistry of the same hospital. Institutional Ethics Committee approval was taken, a written informed consent was taken from the patients.Methods and Material: Antenatal patients after 28 weeks of period of gestation and with singleton pregnancy attending OPD were included. Besides routine antenatal examination, screening and clinical examination for bacterial vaginosis, dental examination for periodontal infection was done. A total of 500 patients were enrolled for the study. Out of the 500 patients examined, 200 patients were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups with 50 women in each. Group 1 was the control group and the subjects were negative for bacterial vaginosis and periodontal infection. Group 2 was positive for periodontal infection. Group 3 was positive for bacterial vaginosis. Group 4 was positive for both bacterial vaginosis and periodontal infection. All these patients were followed up till their pregnancy outcomes.Statistical analysis used: A sample size of 50 patients in each group was calculated to conduct study with a power greater than 80% at a significance level of 5%. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 for Windows. Bacterial vaginosis and periodontal infection were separately correlated to the preterm birth and perinatal outcome. For ordinal data, groups were compared using Mann Whitney U-test, for continuous data groups were tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for categorical data groups were compared using the chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: significant correlation was seen between periodontal infection and preterm labor & preterm premature rupture of membranes.Conclusions: significant correlation is seen between periodontal infection and preterm labor & preterm premature rupture of membranes.Key Messages: Prevention and treatment of periodontal infection in third stage of labour prevents preterm births.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.441-449
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Makhkamov, K. K., F. K. Olimova, N. Sh Ochildieva, and G. H. Eshonqulova. "Current strategies for the prevention of RDS in premature infants and possibilities of using them in the RT." Health care of Tajikistan, no. 4 (February 3, 2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2021-351-4-40-44.
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Aim. To analyze modern strategies for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome and the possibility of their use in RT.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out based on directives of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, regulations, and normative documents for obstetric institutions approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan, and the data from annual reports of structural units.Results. The paper outlines an approach to monitoring a pregnant woman based on the 5th updated European Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Newborns with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. It presents positive and negative arguments for the effect of steroid drugs on the fetus and recommendations for their use at the stage of management of pregnant women with a high risk of preterm birth, depending on the gestation period. It also includes a brief comparative analysis with national clinical protocols for the management of preterm labor and tocolytic therapy.Conclusion. Early identification of pregnant women at high risk of termination and providing them with effective care following modern strategies, reduce the adverse perinatal outcomes.
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Семенова, Елена, and Рузиля Якупова. "PROBLEMS OF APPLYING THE CONCEPT OF WORKING TIME IN CASES OF DISMISSAL FOR EMPLOYEE’S APPEARING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2020.3.9.
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To date an urgent task of the Russian Federation is to conduct a policy of alcoholism prevention. The regulatory framework contains measures of responsibility, federal concepts for alcoholism prevention are being implemented, temporary restrictions on alcohol purchase are put into action, and so on. Alcohol abuse causes a particularly high death rate among men of 40 to 60 years old, who at this age have the most valuable professional skills. Their premature death damages the workforce with professional experience and reduces the amount of investment in human capital. In the field of labor relations, it is envisaged to apply disciplinary penalties in the form of dismissal of an employee for being under alcoholic intoxication at work. However, the mechanisms provided for in the labor legislation are not always implemented in an appropriate way due to different approaches in applying the law, thus the employer has problems. Purpose: analysis of problems of law enforcement of the concept “working time”. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, and interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Specific scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study allowes us to consider different approaches to the use of the concept of “working time”. The analysis of judicial practice on reinstatement of employees who appeared under alcoholic intoxication at hazardous production facilities in the Republic of Bashkortostan is also carried out. To date, there is no uniform practice for restoring employees who were intoxicated on the employer’s territory. This fact is a gap in the mechanisms of combating alcoholism. Until appropriate changes are made to the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, judicial practice in such cases will remain controversial.
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Kameta, Yurina, Akira Sato, Kazue Togashi, Hiroshi Miura, Naoki Sato, and Yukihiro Terada. "Diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency during pregnancy and prevention of premature delivery in a pregnant woman with a past history of premature labor secondary to infection: A case report." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 36, no. 4 (January 20, 2016): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2015.1094042.
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Bouchet, Noémie, Arnaud Joal, Angèle Gayet-Ageron, Marina Lumbreras Areta, and Begoña Martinez de Tejada. "Impact of the new guidelines on the management of premature rupture of membranes for the prevention of late preterm birth: an 11-year retrospective study." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 47, no. 3 (April 24, 2019): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0324.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the number of late preterm (LPT) births (between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks) that could have been prevented if expectant management of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) had been applied according to new recommendations. Methods A retrospective cohort study included all births at one Swiss center between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012. Births were categorized using an adapted evidence-based classification. Two scenarios were considered: best scenario (maximum averted cases) and a conservative scenario (minimum averted cases). Results Among 2017 LPT births (5.0% of all deliveries; n=40,609), 1122 (60.6%) women had PPROM. Spontaneous labor occurred in 473 (42.2%) cases and 649 (57.8%) had induction of labor or an elective cesarean section. In the latter group, 44 (6.8%) had evidence-based indications for LPT delivery and 605 (83.2%) had non-evidence-based indications. Depending on the scenario, the rate of avoided LPT cases would have varied between 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–5.2) if the conservative scenario was applied, and 30% (95% CI: 28.0–32.0) for the best scenario. Conclusion Adoption of new guidelines for the management of PPROM will prevent a considerable number of LPT births and help decrease the adverse effects and potential disability associated with late preterm infants.
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Wahyu, Dwi, K. Kusumaningtyas, and E. Pratami. "Health Education-Based Effectiveness of Health Belief Model on Vulva Hygiene Behavior in Prevention of Vaginal Discharge for Pregnant Woman." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T6 (March 5, 2022): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7771.
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Introduction: Leucorrhoea can endanger pregnancy and result premature labor. Health education is needed for good vulva hygiene behavior. This study aims to explain the effectiveness of Health Education (HE) based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on Vulva Hygiene Behavior in the Prevention of Leucorrhoea in Pregnant Women. Method: The first stage of research was literature study, expert discussion, and development of an intervention module. The participants were pregnant women in the second trimester. The instrument is the researcher. An interview guide with a questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis. The second stage of research used the quasi-experimental design (pre and post-testdesign). The independent variable is Health Education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). The dependent variable is the behavior of Vulva Hygiene in the prevention of vaginal discharge for pregnant women. An instrument with a questionnaire. Data collection through pre-test, intervention, post-test. The number of participants in each group was 30 participants. Research at the Kedungdoro Public Health Center in Surabaya from December 2019-October 2020. Result: The first stage of research, showed that several trimester II pregnant women performed vulva hygiene correctly and some did not know how to do vulva hygiene, some did not do vulva hygiene. The module consists of 4 themes. The Health Education (HE) experimental group based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was effective on Vulva Hygiene behavior in preventing vaginal discharge in pregnant women with a value (P) = 0.000. The Health Education (He) control group based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was not effective on vulva hygiene behavior in preventing vaginal discharge in pregnant women with a value (P) = 0.083. The results of the pre-test of vulva hygiene behavior in the prevention of vaginal discharge in the non-intervention group and the intervention group were not different with a value (P) of 0.488> 0.05. In the post-test of vulva hygiene behavior in the intervention group and the non-intervention group, there was a difference with a value (P) of 0.000 <0.05. Analysis: Through Health Education based on the Health Belief Model, it can increase the confidence of each individual to behave healthily, in the form of prevention and use of health facilities. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is the main framework for healthy behavior. This gives HBM a function as a preventive or preventive model. Discuss: The behavior of vulva hygiene in preventing vaginal discharge in pregnant women between the experimental group and the control group was a significant difference.
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Fesenko, Marina A., Galina V. Golovaneva, Tatyana Yu Miteleva, and Andrey V. Miskevich. "Assessment of the relationship between the severity of the labor process and complications of pregnancy in female workers, the health of the fetus and newborn." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 62, no. 7 (August 15, 2022): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-7-466-474.
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In modern economic conditions, most women continue to work during pregnancy. According to the year of 2021 statistics, there is about half a million female workers are engaged in heavy physical work in Russia, which makes it relevant to study the impact of working conditions on the course of pregnancy, the health of newborns. The study aims to analyze and assess the occupational risk of health disorders of pregnant women workers, the health of their children born under the influence of a harmful production factor - the severity of labor. The researchers applied the method of analytical review and analysis of the data obtained to assess the risk of the impact of the severity of work on the health status, pregnancy of female workers and the condition of the fetus and newborn. Heavy physical labor, including lifting and moving heavy weights and intense physical exertion is especially unfavorable for pregnant workers. With a single lifting of loads weighing 11 kg or more, the risk of spontaneous miscarriage significantly increases by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.08-1.58); preeclampsia - by 35% (OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.07-1.71). When lifting and moving loads with a total weight of 100 kg or more per shift, the risk of preeclampsia increases by 65% (OR=1.65; 95% CI 1.31-2.09), premature birth by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.11-1.56); the risk of low birth weight infants increases by 108% (OR=2.08, 95% CI, 1.06-4.11). With intense physical activity during the shift, the risk of developing fetal sizes small for gestational age (SGA) increases by 34% (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.73). When working "standing up" for four or more hours, the risk of premature birth increases by 11% (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.22); SGA births - by 17% (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.35). When working with a body tilt for an hour or more, the risk of developing preeclampsia in a pregnant worker increases by 51% (OR=1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.08). Prolonged walking during a work shift increases the risk of developing SGA by 21% (OR=1.21; 95% CI 1.06-1.39). Working conditions characterized as heavy physical exertion statistically significantly increase the risks of spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature birth, the development of a fetus small for gestational age, low newborn weight, etc. It is necessary to develop regulatory and methodological documents for the prevention of pregnancy complications in female workers engaged in physical labor.
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Chan, W. Y., Irene Berezin, E. E. Daniel, K. C. Russell, and Victor J. Hruby. "Effects of inactivation of oxytocin receptor and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on uterine oxytocin receptor and gap junction formation and labor in the rat." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-185.
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Normal term labor is associated with a surge in myometrial oxytocin receptor formation and gap junction development. We have previously shown that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by naproxen sodium, 2.0 mg/day, suppressed oxytocin receptor formation but not gap junction formation and prolonged gestation. In this study, we investigated the effects of a specific oxytocin antagonist on oxytocin receptor formation, gap junction formation, and labor in the rat. [Pen1Phe(Me)2,Thr4,Orn8]oxytocin, a specific oxytocin antagonist, was infused subcutaneously during the last 3 days of pregnancy at 300 μg/day. Measurements of myometrial oxytocin receptor concentrations and gap junction formation on days 21 and 22 and days 22–23 (in labor) pregnant uteri showed no significant differences in the Bmax and Kd values between the control and the treated group. Gestation period was not prolonged by the oxytocin antagonist. However, in a separate group of day 23 pregnant rats, the uterine contractile response to 60 mU of oxytocin i.v. was found completely blocked by 10 μg of the oxytocin antagonist. These findings suggest that although functional oxytocin receptors did not appear to be essential for the initiation of labor, oxytocin antagonists may still be effective in the prevention of premature contractions. We also examined the effects of a higher dose of naproxen sodium, 5.0 mg/day, on gap junction formation. At this dose, naproxen sodium suppressed both oxytocin receptor and gap junction formation, prolonged gestation, and delayed parturition by 24 h or longer. Prostaglandin appears to be an important regulator or mediator of oxytocin receptor and gap junction formation and plays a critical role in the initiation of labor.Key words: oxytocin, prostaglandin, oxytocin receptor, gap junction, labor.