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Academic literature on the topic 'Prejudices – Psychology – Testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Prejudices – Psychology – Testing"

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Parin, Paul. "Critica della societŕ nel processo di interpretazione." PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, no. 3 (August 2009): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2009-003005.

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- The process of psychoanalytic interpretation should include also a critique of society, i.e., an analysis of the social and economical dynamics that may influence the patients' inner conflict. In other words, the analyst should pay attention both to the patient's unconscious dynamics and to social dynamics, for example concerning power relationships, prejudices, interests linked to a given social class, etc. The theoretical aspects of this argument are discussed in detail, also regarding the relation between the concepts of "reality testing" and "reality principle", and some clinical example are presented. This paper originally appeared in German in issue no. 2, 1975, of Psyche, and the Italian translation appeared in issue no 1/2, 1976, of Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane. Here it is republished in order to remember Paul Parin, who died in Zurich on May 18, 2009, at the age of 92.KEY WORDS: critique of society, psychoanalytic interpretation, adaptation, reality principle, reality testing
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Beck, Aaron T. "A Cognitive Model of Schizophrenia." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 18, no. 3 (July 2004): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcop.18.3.281.65649.

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The poor reality testing and the thinking disorder in schizophrenia may be attributed to a deficiency in cognitive resources related to the neurobiological deficiencies. Recent therapy and research have demonstrated that, far from being a bizarre psychologically incomprehensible phenomenon, schizophrenia can be understood within our conventional conception of human nature. This humanizing trend is especially evident in the cognitive approaches to this disorder. Research has established that there is a continuum from normal experiences of paranormal beliefs, hallucinations, thinking problems, and withdrawal to their counterpart in schizophrenia. The kinds of biases in schizophrenia are also evident in common social problems such as prejudices and ethnocentrism as well as in interpersonal strife. Dysfunctional attitudes about attachment and performance in schizophrenia form the infrastructure for persecutory delusions and negative symptoms, respectively. Grandiose delusions, on the other hand, are shown to be an overcompensation for a sense of loneliness, inferiority, and vulnerability.
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Radović, J., I. Roncevic-Grzeta, and J. Rebic. "Prejudice towards people with mental illness." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1363.

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This paper reports the results of a medical research that measured prejudice and attitudes towards mentally ill people and towards the mental illness. Three groups of respondents were studied: medical students, psychology students and the general population. Medical students and psychology students represented a population that is educated in regards to mental illness, and the general population was not trained so much about mental illness. The hypothesis was that the respondents who have been working with mentally ill people and had lots of knowledge about mental illnesses were the persons with less prejudice towards people with mental illness. The main objective of research was to examine the differences in prejudice and attitudes between respondents who had experience and knowledge related to mental illness and people with mental illness compared to those without such knowledge and experience. Testing was conducted using an anonymous online survey consisting of thirteen questions. The research confirmed the hypothesis and it could be an incentive for education aimed at specific groups.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena, Artur Sawicki, and Peter K. Jonason. "Dark personality traits, political values, and prejudice: Testing a dual process model of prejudice towards refugees." Personality and Individual Differences 166 (November 2020): 110168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110168.

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Case, Kim A. "Raising White Privilege Awareness and Reducing Racial Prejudice: Assessing Diversity Course Effectiveness." Teaching of Psychology 34, no. 4 (October 2007): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986280701700250.

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Many diversity courses in psychology originally aimed to reduce student racial bias and raise their awareness of racism. However, quantitative data testing the effectiveness of such courses are lacking. This study assessed a required diversity course's effectiveness in raising awareness of White privilege and racism; increasing support for affirmative action; and reducing prejudice, guilt, and fear of other races. Students ( N = 146) completed identical surveys during the first and last weeks of the semester. Results indicated greater awareness of White privilege and racism and more support for affirmative action by the end of the term. White students ( n = 131) also expressed greater White guilt after completing the course.
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Kteily, Nour S., Gordon Hodson, Kristof Dhont, and Arnold K. Ho. "Predisposed to prejudice but responsive to intergroup contact? Testing the unique benefits of intergroup contact across different types of individual differences." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 1 (August 3, 2017): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217716750.

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Recent research demonstrates that intergroup contact effectively reduces prejudice even among prejudice-prone persons. But some assert that evidence regarding the benefits of contact among prejudice-prone individuals is “mixed,” particularly for those higher in social dominance orientation (SDO), one of the field’s most important individual differences. Problematically, person variables are typically considered in isolation despite being intercorrelated, leaving the question of which unique psychological aspects of prejudice proneness (e.g., authoritarianism, antiegalitarianism, cognitive style) are responsive to intergroup contact unresolved. To address this shortcoming, in a large sample of White Americans ( N = 465) we simultaneously examined the contact–attitude association at varying levels of ideological (SDO, right-wing authoritarianism), cognitive style (need for closure), and identity-based (group identification) indicators of prejudice proneness. Examining a broad range of intergroup criterion measures (e.g., racism, support for racial profiling) we reveal that greater contact quality is associated with lower levels of intergroup hostility for those both lower and higher on a variety of indicators of prejudice proneness, simultaneously considered.
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Agnew, Christopher R., Vaida D. Thompson, and Stanley O. Gaines. "Incorporating Proximal and Distal Influences on Prejudice: Testing a General Model Across Outgroups." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, no. 4 (April 2000): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167200266001.

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8

Duckitt, John, Claire Wagner, Ilouize du Plessis, and Ingrid Birum. "The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: Testing a dual process model." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83, no. 1 (July 2002): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.1.75.

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Górska, Paulina, Martijn van Zomeren, and Michał Bilewicz. "Intergroup Contact as the Missing Link Between LGB Rights and Sexual Prejudice." Social Psychology 48, no. 6 (November 2017): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000313.

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Abstract. Although research has revealed that more progressive LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) rights are positively associated with more favorable attitudes toward sexual minorities, little is known about why LGB rights co-occur with positive attitudes. The present contribution fills this gap by testing whether the prevalence of intergroup contact with LGB individuals explains the relationship between more progressive LGB rights and sexual prejudice. Utilizing representative Eurobarometer data from 28 European Union Member States, we find that progressive institutional arrangements positively predict favorable attitudes toward sexual minorities by rendering intergroup contact with LGB individuals more commonplace. Importantly, this pattern of findings replicates for different measures of prejudice and LGB-related legislation. The theoretical and practical implications of the current findings are discussed.
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Banas, John A., Elena Bessarabova, and Zachary B. Massey. "Meta-Analysis on Mediated Contact and Prejudice." Human Communication Research 46, no. 2-3 (April 2020): 120–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqaa004.

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Abstract This paper presents a meta-analysis of 79 cases (N = 21,857) testing the effectiveness of mediated intergroup contact on prejudice. Positive mediated contact decreased (r = −.23; 95% CI, −.29 to −.17), whereas negative mediated contact increased prejudicial attitudes (r = .31; 95% CI, .24 to .38) and intergroup anxiety and empathy were both significant mediators of these relationships. Furthermore, the data revealed no significant differences between parasocial and vicarious effects, positive and negative mediated-contact effects, or the effects of the duration of mediated-contact stimulus exposure on prejudice. However, the data did reveal experiments to have stronger effects than survey research. These and other results are discussed along with implications, limitations, and future research directions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prejudices – Psychology – Testing"

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Wood, Chantelle. "Associative strength determines prejudice-linked differences in automatic stereotype activation." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0238.

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There is little consensus in the social-cognitive literature concerning the way in which prejudice and stereotyping are related, though a number of explanatory models have been proposed. The present research program empirically examines one recent model; Lepore and Brown's Associative Strength Model (ASM: 1997; 1999; 2002). The main premise of the ASM is that differential endorsement of stereotypic content leads to individual variation in the content that is automatically activated upon categorisation. Specifically, it predicts that high-prejudice people automatically activate negative stereotypic traits, and low-prejudice people automatically activate positive stereotypic traits. The current research used a primed lexical decision task to examine prejudicelinked differences in automatic stereotype activation. In addition, an impression formation task based on that of Lepore and Brown was included to measure stereotype application. Experiments 1A and 1B attempted to evaluate the predictions of the ASM using the category and stereotype of Asians. However, neither experiment was able to demonstrate a priming effect, prejudice-linked or otherwise, using this social category. Experiments 2 and 3, in contrast, successfully induced stereotype activation using the category of gay men. Furthermore, results were consistent with the predictions of the ASM. After priming with the category of gay men, high-prejudice participants exhibited greater activation of negative stereotypic traits and low-prejudice participants exhibited greater activation of positive stereotypic traits. However, parallel patterns of stereotype application were not found in the impression formation task, with participants forming positive impressions, regardless of prejudice. Experiment 4 used an honesty manipulation to investigate the possibility that self-presentational concerns were responsible for the discrepancies between stereotype activation and application. Consistent with this argument, Experiment 4 found prejudice-linked patterns of stereotype application that mirrored the patterns of stereotype activation when self-presentation concerns were reduced. When instructed to be honest, high-prejudice participants in the gay prime condition formed negative impressions and low-prejudice participants in the gay prime condition formed positive impressions. The current program of research provides the first direct empirical support for the predictions of the Associative Strength Model concerning stereotype activation. In addition, new questions have been raised that future research should seek to explore.
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Banyasz, Alissa M. "Predicting Religious Ethnocentrism of Christians Towards Non-Christians: Testing a More Comprehensive Model." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1436198354.

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Books on the topic "Prejudices – Psychology – Testing"

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E, Kress Victoria, ed. Beyond the DSM story: Ethical quandaries, challenges, and best practices. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2005.

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Kress, Victoria E., and Karen Eriksen. Beyond the DSM Story: Ethical Quandaries, Challenges, and Best Practices. Sage Publications, Inc, 2004.

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M, Hardy Leslie, and Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Prenatal and Newborn Screening for HIV Infection., eds. HIV screening of pregnant women and newborns. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.

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HIV Screening of Pregnant Women And Newborns. Natl Academy Pr, 1990.

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