Academic literature on the topic 'Prejudices – Psychological aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prejudices – Psychological aspects"
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Todosijevic, Bojan. "Authoritarian personality: Psychoanalysis of antisemitism and prejudices." Psihologija 41, no. 2 (2008): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0802123t.
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The Authoritarian Personality is one of the most influential studies in social psychology, yet it has been subjected to different, often contradictory interpretations. This paper argues that the most important element of the authoritarian personality theory is the analysis of the psychological functionality of prejudice. Using psychoanalytic conceptual tools, the authors described the psychological logic behind apparently contradictory prejudices, and the function of prejudice in personal psychological 'economy'. In this way, Adorno et al. 'psychoanalyzed' both prejudice and the prejudiced. The first part of the paper presents the original research, with the particular focus on the less familiar aspects. The second part reviews the reactions to the Authoritarian Personality, and analyzes some of the better known criticisms and objections. The paper ends with the review of recent research trends inspired by Adorno et al.?s theory.
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Sviderska, Halyna, and Anastasia Hnap. "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S HOMOPHOBIA." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 6, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.12.2.
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Despite all the positive changes due to European integration processes, the problem of prejudiced and negative attitudes towards people with “non-traditional sexual orientation” in Ukraine traditionally remains unresolved, homosexuality is taboo and it is “sinful”, and homophobic attitudes are often perceived as “truly moral” Christian virtues. The empirical study on psychological characteristics of the development and manifestation of young people’s homophobia performed by us has demonstrated existing contradictions in young people’s attitudes to homosexuality. On the one hand, young men and women belong to a fairly progressive, quite tolerant part of society. On the other hand, our data have revealed homophobic behaviour often manifested by young people. Many young people showed homo-negativism - denial and negative attitude towards certain aspects of homosexuality. Thus, very many young men and women believed that homosexuality was dangerous, since it could cause a “possible demographic crisis”, “spread of diseases”, “dissolution of the family as a social institution” and “harmful effects on a future generation’s psyche”. Many young people were convinced that an obviously demonstrated homosexual lifestyle increased the number of people with a non-traditional orientation, therefore gay pride parades, same-sex marriages, and adoption of children by homosexuals should be banned. Negative ideas about homosexual people and prejudice against them were formed not because young people’s own experience, since they practically did not know homosexuals, but due to stereotypical thinking, non-professional publications in the media and due to the lack of proper education in the field of gender psychology. In our opinion, homonegativism and homophobia shared by young people exist because of inadequate, not scientifically proven information about homosexual people, biased perception of sexual minorities based on shocking images of entertainers, film characters etc. We believe that overcoming homonegativism and homophobia is possible through the refutation of myths, stereotypes and prejudices regarding various aspects of human sexuality with psychological education and through an adequate state policy that should not contribute to anti-homosexual xenophobic attitudes.
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Tambunan, Syafrianto. "Managing Social Prejudication And Religious Ethnic Stereotypes Through Psychological And Global Education." FITRAH:Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v6i1.1583.
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The series of conflicts that we see happening in Indonesia is inseparable from ethnic religion and culture, although there are factors such as structural inequality and system injustice. This factual reality might bring potential conflict, meaning that the latent danger of these factors can turn into a sensitive attitude. Some social analyzes assume that the potential for conflict becomes latent because the education system is unable to touch the psychological aspects of individual counseling and mental management in interacting with the community and its social environment. This study was categorized as literature research and field. describing or describing the social prejudices and ethnic stereotypes of religion that we see in Indonesia and based on the results of research journals/books that explain the stereotypes of ethnic religion. This paper will explain how to manage social prejudice and religious ethnic stereotypes through psychological and global education in the context of religious and cultural pluralism
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Bormuth, Matthias. "On psychodynamics of personal value-judgements – Nietzsche's theory of resentment and its reception by Karl Jaspers and Kurt Schneider." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 21, S2 (June 2009): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800032609.
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Abstract:A hundred years ago when Karl Jaspers was introducing psychological understanding to psychiatry the founder of the school of Heidelberg spoke of Friedrich Nietzsche as one of the “greatest” psychologists. Especially his theory of resentment with its core thesis unconscious prejudices were influencing our behaviour was able to illuminate the complex structure of human will. Taking into account this horizon of psychiatric history of ideas the presentation wants to persecute the following three questions: 1) Why the postulate which Nietzsche was giving on cultural prejudices of our thoughts, feelings and acts was so provocative so that many of the classical thinkers of psychological understanding were taking it up according to the needs of their disciplines sociology, psychology, psychiatry and philosophy? 2) What were the results of this inspiring theory which could be especially seen in the works of Karl Jaspers and Kurt Schneider? In other words: What were the aspects in which they agreed in their reception of Nietzsche and what were the points in which the two psychiatrists of the school of Heidelberg differed in the way they took the theory of resentment into account for their psychological understanding? 3) What could be the actual significance of the historical fact that Nietzsche and in his footsteps Max Weber were taking deep influence on psychiatric thinking around 1900?
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Noor, Triana Rosalina. "Meneropong Indonesia: Sebuah Analisis Sosiologis dan Psikologis Atas Konflik Benuansa Keagamaan Di Indonesia." Journal An-Nafs: Kajian Penelitian Psikologi 3, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/psi.v3i2.499.
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Indonesian is a pluralistic nation, such as religion. The essence of religion is teaching followers for helping each other to keeping the unity of Indonesia. Religion will encourage its people for kindness to humanity eventough on the same religion or different religions. In fact nowdays, religious conflict is inevitable to happen in Indonesia. A religious conflict or even a conflict that is made as can be as threath to disintegrity of Indonesia.Facing religious conflict in Indonesia is required analysis from various angles such as sociology and psychology aspects of the religious conflict. The study concluded that the causes of religious conflict are caused by economic factors, social prejudices, conflicy of interests and others. This sociological and psychological analysis can be used as an illustration of the actions that can be done for resolving religious conflict as well as the effort to re-engage the unity to prevent the disintegration of Indonesia.
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Ścigaj, Paweł. "Psychologiczne podstawy konfliktów społecznych: wokół dyspozycyjnych i sytuacyjnych mechanizmów wrogości i uprzedzeń." Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 22 (October 17, 2017): 108–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.22.8.
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Psychological foundations of social conflicts: on dispositional and situational aspects of intergroup bias and prejudiceThe aim of the paper is to discuss main theories explaining the psychological basis of social and political conflicts, especially causes of intergroup bias and prejudice. Theories of authoritarianism and social dominance orientation are discussed referring dispositional causes of intergroup bias and prejudice, while realistic conflict group theory, social identity theory and system-justification theory are called for explaining situational determinants of intergroup bias and prejudice. Evolutionary aspects of hostility and aggression in social and political conflicts are also debated.
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Dewi, Pangesti Rokhi, Tisna Prabasmoro, and Sri Rijati Wardiani. "RASISME DAN PERSPEKTIF ANAK DALAM NOVEL WHEN HITLER STOLE PINK RABBIT KARYA JUDITH KERR." Metahumaniora 10, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v10i3.30580.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif tokoh anak Yahudi, yakni Anna dan Max terhadap rasisme selama Hitler memimpin Jerman pada tahun 1933 yang tergambar dalam novel anak When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit karya Judith Kerr. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan teori naratologi dari Genette (1980), dan konsep rasisme yang dikemukakan oleh Fredrickson (2015) dan Better (2008). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis novel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat dua jenis rasisme pada novel tersebut, yakni rasisme institusi yang ditunjukkan oleh Nazi dan individu yang ditunjukkan oleh anak dan orang tuanya yang pro terhadap Nazi, serta teman-teman sekolah Max. Penelitian ini pun menunjukkan fokalisasi Anna dan Max baik yang dituturkan oleh mereka sendiri maupun narator tentang rasisme sebagai bentuk represi terhadap fisik dan psikis mereka. Mereka dapat meresistensi semua rasisme yang mereka alami dengan menjadi orang Yahudi yang lebih baik untuk mematahkan prasangka yang melekat pada Nazi maupun orang-orang yang membenci mereka. Kata Kunci: rasisme, nazi, perspektif anak, sastra anak, naratologiAbstractThis research aims to analyze the Jewish children’s perspective, namely Anna and Max, on racism during Hitler's leadership in Germany in 1933 in the children's novel When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit by Judith Kerr. The theories used in this research are narratology of Genette (1980), and the concept of racism proposed by Fredrickson (2015) and Better (2008). This study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze the novel. The article is to show the two occurrences of racism in the novel; racism shown by Nazis and individuals shown by children and parents who are pro-Nazi, as well as Max's school friends. The article examined Anna and Max’s focalizations, both spoken by themselves and by the narrator. The article eventually argues that Anna and Max’s perspective about racism is a form of repression towards their physical and psychological aspects. They withstand racial oppression by becoming better Jews to break the prejudices attached to the Nazis or those who associate them.Keywords: racism, nazi, children’s perspective, children’s literature, narratology
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Cassétte, Júnia Brunelli, Leandro César da Silva, Ezequiel Elias Azevedo Alves Felício, Lissa Araújo Soares, Rhariany Alves de Morais, Thiago Santos Prado, and Denise Alves Guimarães. "HIV/AIDS among the elderly: stigmas in healthcare work and training." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 19, no. 5 (October 2016): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-98232016019.150123.
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Abstract The number of HIV/AIDs diagnoses among the elderly is currently increasing both in Brazil and on a global level. The present article describes the results of a qualitative study which aimed to assess the role of health professionals on elderly patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS receiving treatment via the public health service. Nine professionals who made up a specialized HIV/AIDS service in a medium-sized city in the state of Minas Gerais were interviewed. Their statements were subjected to content analysis, and the results suggested that according to the perceptions of the health professionals, the main impacts of the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS are linked to isolation, loneliness, prejudice, fear of revealing the diagnosis and the decrease or interruption of sexual practices. The professionals reported being overburdened both psychologically and in terms of workload, having difficulty addressing aspects of sexuality and sexual practices with the elderly, and admitted to possessing certain stereotypes and prejudices related to HIV/AIDS and the sexuality of the elderly. Through results analysis, it was concluded that the stigma and prejudice related to HIV and the sexuality of the elderly are intimately present in the work processes of the professionals interviewed, impacting on the treatment of such individuals and interfering with their health and illness processes. The discussion of these aspects should be included in health training strategies.
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Smolych, D., and O. Zavadskaya. "SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ADJUSTING INTERACTION OF CLUSTER PARTICIPANTS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230652.
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Abstract. The cluster approach is now a credible proven tool for improving the competitiveness of the regional and national economies. For the economy, clusters represent growth points when one or more economic entities reach absolute competitiveness in the market, they affect the immediate environment, resulting in a cluster formation — a community of entities that contribute to each other’s competitiveness. The social and psychological factors, the system of motives and interests of individual members of the cluster in the merger play an important role in the formation of the cluster. Awareness of mutual benefit, interest of participants in cooperation, overcoming stasis of loss of leadership positions, desire to develop together, remaining competitors ensures achievement of resultant synergistic effect of cluster cooperation. Appointment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the socio-psychological features of cluster interaction. Methods. The following methods were used in the study: logical generalization, synthesis, analysis, comparison — to determine the essential characteristics of the concept of «cluster»; analysis and comparison to identify social-psychological biases and prompt participants to cluster interaction. Results. The article analyzes the social-psychological obstacles, prejudices, and cluster interaction preferences that are characteristic of the leader of the cluster-leading company, the manager of the enterprise responsible for cluster specialization, but not the market leader, of the employees of these companies; the head and employees of scientific institutions, authorities, and the public. It has been established that maintaining competition between the cluster participants is a key aspect that causes the greatest number of social and psychological prejudices when establishing cluster interaction. Conclusions. The research showed an awareness of mutually beneficial, participatory interest in cooperation, overcoming the stasis of losing leadership positions, the desire to develop together while remaining competitors ensures the achievement of the resulting synergistic effect of cluster cooperation. Understanding the importance of socio-psychological factors in establishing cluster interaction enables facilitators of such cooperation to not only identify and understand key psychological barriers of individuals, but also to develop tools to motivate the integration of potential entities into the cluster. Keywords: cluster; synergy; social рsychology; cognitive biases; psychological dominance; interaction. JEL Classіfіcatіon Р00, Р25, Р40 Formulas: 0; fig.: 1; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 14.
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Kteily, Nour S., Gordon Hodson, Kristof Dhont, and Arnold K. Ho. "Predisposed to prejudice but responsive to intergroup contact? Testing the unique benefits of intergroup contact across different types of individual differences." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 1 (August 3, 2017): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217716750.
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Recent research demonstrates that intergroup contact effectively reduces prejudice even among prejudice-prone persons. But some assert that evidence regarding the benefits of contact among prejudice-prone individuals is “mixed,” particularly for those higher in social dominance orientation (SDO), one of the field’s most important individual differences. Problematically, person variables are typically considered in isolation despite being intercorrelated, leaving the question of which unique psychological aspects of prejudice proneness (e.g., authoritarianism, antiegalitarianism, cognitive style) are responsive to intergroup contact unresolved. To address this shortcoming, in a large sample of White Americans ( N = 465) we simultaneously examined the contact–attitude association at varying levels of ideological (SDO, right-wing authoritarianism), cognitive style (need for closure), and identity-based (group identification) indicators of prejudice proneness. Examining a broad range of intergroup criterion measures (e.g., racism, support for racial profiling) we reveal that greater contact quality is associated with lower levels of intergroup hostility for those both lower and higher on a variety of indicators of prejudice proneness, simultaneously considered.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prejudices – Psychological aspects"
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Wood, Chantelle. "Associative strength determines prejudice-linked differences in automatic stereotype activation." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0238.
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There is little consensus in the social-cognitive literature concerning the way in which prejudice and stereotyping are related, though a number of explanatory models have been proposed. The present research program empirically examines one recent model; Lepore and Brown's Associative Strength Model (ASM: 1997; 1999; 2002). The main premise of the ASM is that differential endorsement of stereotypic content leads to individual variation in the content that is automatically activated upon categorisation. Specifically, it predicts that high-prejudice people automatically activate negative stereotypic traits, and low-prejudice people automatically activate positive stereotypic traits. The current research used a primed lexical decision task to examine prejudicelinked differences in automatic stereotype activation. In addition, an impression formation task based on that of Lepore and Brown was included to measure stereotype application. Experiments 1A and 1B attempted to evaluate the predictions of the ASM using the category and stereotype of Asians. However, neither experiment was able to demonstrate a priming effect, prejudice-linked or otherwise, using this social category. Experiments 2 and 3, in contrast, successfully induced stereotype activation using the category of gay men. Furthermore, results were consistent with the predictions of the ASM. After priming with the category of gay men, high-prejudice participants exhibited greater activation of negative stereotypic traits and low-prejudice participants exhibited greater activation of positive stereotypic traits. However, parallel patterns of stereotype application were not found in the impression formation task, with participants forming positive impressions, regardless of prejudice. Experiment 4 used an honesty manipulation to investigate the possibility that self-presentational concerns were responsible for the discrepancies between stereotype activation and application. Consistent with this argument, Experiment 4 found prejudice-linked patterns of stereotype application that mirrored the patterns of stereotype activation when self-presentation concerns were reduced. When instructed to be honest, high-prejudice participants in the gay prime condition formed negative impressions and low-prejudice participants in the gay prime condition formed positive impressions. The current program of research provides the first direct empirical support for the predictions of the Associative Strength Model concerning stereotype activation. In addition, new questions have been raised that future research should seek to explore.
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Brans, Suzanne. "Applying the social cognitive and sociological models of stigma to student attitudes towards major depression and bipolar disorder." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0041.
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The aims of the current research program were to examine the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma in relation to student attitudes towards an individual experiencing a mood disorder. Two experiments (Studies 1 and 2) sought to empirically distinguish between controllability and responsibility, both constructs of the attribution model which is subsidiary to the social-cognitive model of stigma. Despite manipulating controllability, participants were reluctant to attribute controllability of cause to individuals experiencing depression or bipolar disorder. The stability of beliefs about the controllability of cause for condition onset was consistent with research suggesting that the Australian public increasingly conceptualise mental disorders in terms of biochemical and genetic causal factors. These findings, in combination with past research linking biogenetic beliefs to negative attitudes, resulted in a change in focus of investigation in Studies 3, 4, 5 and 6 to explain why, contrary to the prediction of the attribution model, biogenetic explanations of mental disorders are associated with the proliferation of stigma. To measure causal beliefs, the Causal Belief Inventory (CBI) was developed in Study 3 and refined in Study 4. The correlational results examined in Studies 4, 5 and 6 found that genetic and biochemical causal beliefs were associated with a number of positive attitudes towards individuals experiencing a mood disorder and that genetic cause was associated with a reduced implicit bias against major depression. Furthermore, each study pointed to the centrality of judgments of differentness in determining affective responses and direct and proxy measures of behaviour. In contrast, manipulation of genetic and psychosocial cause in Study 5 found that causal condition largely failed to impact upon student attitudes. Mediator analysis did, however, find that beliefs about the stability of the vignette actor's condition fully mediated the relationship between the negative influence of genetic cause on proxy helping behaviour. Manipulation of psychosocial, genetic and biochemical cause with the inclusion of a non-depressed control in Study 6 resulted in more ambiguous findings. The combination of findings from Studies 1 to 6 suggest that focusing on the impact of the controllability of cause of depression onset on student attitudes is unwarranted. Instead researchers and public health educators should be examining models which facilitate the examination of the cognitive factors that mediate these relationships. Two such models, namely the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma, were found to adequately fit the data. Recommendations for integrating these two models of stigma are discussed.
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AlKhars, Mohammed. "Decision Makers’ Cognitive Biases in Operations Management: An Experimental Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849675/.
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Behavioral operations management (BOM) has gained popularity in the last two decades. The main theme in this new stream of research is to include the human behavior in Operations Management (OM) models to increase the effectiveness of such models. BOM is classified into 4 areas: cognitive psychology, social psychology, group dynamics and system dynamics (Bendoly et al. 2010). This dissertation will focus on the first class, namely cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology is further classified into heuristics and biases. Tversky and Kahneman (1974) discussed 3 heuristics and 13 cognitive biases that usually face decision makers. This dissertation is going to study 6 cognitive biases under the representativeness heuristic. The model in this dissertation states that cognitive reflection of the individual (Frederick 2005) and training about cognitive biases in the form of warning (Kaufmann and Michel 2009) will help decisions’ makers make less biased decisions. The 6 cognitive biases investigated in this dissertation are insensitivity to prior probability, insensitivity to sample size, misconception of chance, insensitivity to predictability, the illusion of validity and misconception of regression. 6 scenarios in OM contexts have been used in this study. Each scenario corresponds to one cognitive bias. Experimental design has been used as the research tool. To see the impact of training, one group of the participants received the scenarios without training and the other group received them with training. The training consists of a brief description of the cognitive bias as well as an example of the cognitive bias. Cognitive reflection is operationalized using cognitive reflection test (CRT). The survey was distributed to students at University of North Texas (UNT). Logistic regression has been employed to analyze data. The research shows that participants show the cognitive biases proposed by Tversky and Kahneman. Moreover, CRT is significant factor to predict the cognitive bias in two scenarios. Finally, providing training in terms of warning helps participants to make more rational decisions in 4 scenarios. This means that although cognitive biases are inherent in the mind of people, management of corporations has the tool to educate its managers and professionals about such biases which helps companies make more rational decisions.
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Figgou, Evaggelia. "Social psychological and lay understandings of prejudice, racism and discrimination : an exploration of their dilemmatic aspects." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288944.
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Mark, Daniel. "Contribution of Psychopathic Traits in the Prediction of Generalized Prejudice in Males." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404546/.
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Very few studies have investigated how psychopathic traits might contribute to our understanding of prejudicial attitudes. Moreover, previous studies involve a number of limitations which cloud interpretation of their findings. The current study examined the relationship between prejudice and a number of its predictors (e.g., social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA)), while also including psychopathic traits and an innovative new measure of empathy using an online sample. A path analytic framework was employed to comprehensively model relations among psychopathic traits, SDO, RWA, and affective empathy domains in the prediction of generalized prejudice. Overall, there was support for certain psychopathic traits being modest predictors of racial prejudice, although more proximal measures were much stronger predictors. The results revealed a number of novel relationships that may help in further understanding the links between psychopathic propensities, empathy, and social-cognitive variables predictive of racial prejudice.
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Chambers, Carissa Lynn. "Religiosity and Modern Prejudice: Points of Convergence and Points of Departure." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8SF2WC3.
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The current study examines the effect of religious orientation, social dominance orientation, right wing authoritarianism, and group socialization on the degree to which covert prejudice beliefs are endorsed. This study is novel in that individual and intergroup factors are simultaneously considered. Unlike much of the existing research, the study measures all six types of religious orientation for a nuanced examination of the different approaches to religion and the effect this has on attitude formation and maintenance. The study also demonstrates higher levels of generalizability in that questionnaires were distributed to a diverse sample and also considered many forms of discrimination (racism, sexism, classism, and heterosexism). Additionally, relevant prejudice measures that better represent covert, modern day prejudice are used in the current study. Social dominance orientation (SDO) was strongly and positively correlated with all four types of subtle prejudice. In hierarchical regression modeling, right wing authoritarianism was the strongest predictor variable for all prejudice outcome variables. SDO was the second strongest predictor for all variables except for benevolent sexism. Demographic and religious orientation predictors varied by prejudice outcome variable. Only immanence and intrinsic emerged as significant religious orientations predictors. Multiple regression models with only religious orientation predictors were also conducted to examine the relationship of each religious orientation to each prejudice when the other religious orientations were held constant. Different trends for different prejudice attitudes were found for intrinsic and immanence orientations. Quest orientation was negatively correlated with prejudice and extrinsic religious orientation was positively correlated with prejudice for all prejudice outcome variables. Increasing intolerance with more indiscriminately pro- or anti-religious responding was not elicited. Instead a pattern of increasing pro-religiosity was related to higher prejudice scores. Progressive congregational factors correlated with lower colorblind racial attitudes, benevolent sexism, classism, and homonegativity among congregants.
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Usoof, Ramila. "The impact of automatic and deliberative processing on ingroup-outgroup biases in moral judgments." 2008. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2450.
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Walker, Amelia Dean. "Development and Initial Validation of the Disavowal of Racial Bias Scale (DRB)." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D83X9Q28.
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While research suggests that blatant expressions of racism are on the decline, more subtle forms of bias persist (Dovidio & Gartner, 2004; Nosek, Banaji, & Greenwald, 2002). These biases can be automatic and unintentional, often occurring outside conscious awareness. Studies suggest that developing awareness is the first step to moderating discriminatory thoughts and behaviors (Divine & Monteith, 1993; Dovidio & Gaertner, 2004; Durrheim, Hook, & Riggs, 2009; Monteith & Voils, 1998). When White Americans are aware of their biases, they are more likely to adjust their attitudes and alter their behaviors. Crucially, when biases go unacknowledged, there are fewer opportunities to combat unintentional racism. As a result, the tendency to disavow racial biases demands scholarly attention. In order to further research in this area, a way of measuring awareness of racial bias is needed. The purpose of this dissertation was to develop and initially validate the Disavowal of Racial Bias Scale (DRB). A review of the research on racial bias helped generate 38 initial items. An empirical approach was then used to determine an optimal version of the scale. In Phase 1, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of data from 579 participants suggested a 2-factor model with a total of 24 items. The first factor was named Bias Examples because it included statements referring to specific examples of racial bias. The second factor was named Bias Existence because it included statements referring to the general phenomenon of racial bias. In Phase 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from a second subsample of 579 participants was used to confirm the factor structure identified in Phase 1. Both subscales demonstrated high internal consistency, providing evidence of the DRB's reliability. Further psychometric evaluations provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. However, the 2-factor model did not appear to be reasonably consistent with the data as evidenced by a poor model fit. Although there are many promising aspects of the final 24-item DRB, more work is needed to make it a valid measure for future use. Limitations of this study and recommendations for future scale development in this area will be discussed.
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Loubser, Raymond Lawton. "Blootstelling en die vermindering van vooroordeel en stereotipes : 'n gevalstudie by 'n spesiale skool." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11648.
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M.Ed. (Multiculturalism and Education)When this special school opened its doors to all races in 1995, it was the first time this exclusively white school was confronted with racial conflict. Both teachers and pupils found themselves in a situation totally new to them. This led the researcher to question whether exposure of groups would, over a period oftime, reduce prejudice and stereotyping. The literature pertains that social contact between members of different racial and ethnic groups as a method of reducing tension is beset with a great many problems. Under certain conditions social contact can increase tension rather than reduce it. According to some studies done in South Africa contact between whites and blacks have had no effect on reducing negative stereotypes and prejudice and in many cases contact between these groups has increased stereotyping and . prejudice. The findings of this study indicate that at this school exposure between children of different racial groups led to an improvement in tolerance and acceptance of one another. The findings also indicate that inter group relations did not improve. The children formed homogeneous groups and kept their social distance. A recommendation for further research is that research should be focused on the problems of inter group relations between pupils at schools.
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Medková, Emilie. "Vybrané psychologické aspekty rasismu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-369947.
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This diploma thesis is focused on selected psychological aspects of racism. In the introduction, I define basic concepts of the problem and I present wider context of psychology of racism. The main focus of the thesis is put on psychological forms of racism, racist attitudes, stereotypes and prejudices and their measurement. An important part also deals with psychological roots of racism and psychological theories that explain racism. The next chapter is focused on the specifics of adolescence in the context of racism. The research part is an explicit and implicit measurement of the attitudes of adolescents towards ethnic or national minorities that play animportan role in the Czech Republic. 404 high school students participated in the research. In addition to the results of the individual parts of the research, it is also beneficial the correlation of the methods and the comparison with the previous studies, which indicates the complexity of the problem.
Books on the topic "Prejudices – Psychological aspects"
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Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (53th 2002 University of Nebraska--Lincoln). Motivational aspects of prejudice and racism. Edited by Willis-Esqueda Cynthia. New York: Springer, 2008.
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Our racist heart?: An exploration of unconscious prejudice in everyday life. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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Beattie, Geoffrey. Our racist heart?: An exploration of unconscious prejudice in everyday life. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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G, Greenwald Anthony, ed. Blindspot: Hidden biases of good people. New York: Delacorte Press, 2013.
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Mills, Glenn W., and Sarah J. Stone. Psychology of bias. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.
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The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2011.
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Davids, M. Fakhry. Internal racism: A psychoanalytic approach to race and difference. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
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B, Aspy Cheryl, ed. Counseling for prejudice prevention and reduction. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association, 1997.
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Lichtenberg, Philip. Encountering bigotry: Befriending projecting persons in everyday life. Northvale, N.J: Jason Aronson, 1997.
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Beyond prejudice: Extending the social psychology of conflict, inequality and social change. Cambridge, UK: New York, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Prejudices – Psychological aspects"
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Newheiser, Anna-Kaisa, Miles Hewstone, Alberto Voci, Katharina Schmid, Andreas Zick, and Beate Küpper. "Social-Psychological Aspects of Religion and Prejudice: Evidence from Survey and Experimental Research." In Religion, Intolerance, and Conflict, 107–25. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640911.003.0006.
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