Journal articles on the topic 'Prejudice'
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1
Saucier, Donald A., Megan L. Strain, Stuart S. Miller, Conor J. O’Dea, and Derrick F. Till. "“What do you call a Black guy who flies a plane?”: The effects and understanding of disparagement and confrontational racial humor." HUMOR 31, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2017-0107.
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AbstractWe conducted three studies to test our overarching hypothesis that racial humor may increase or decrease subsequent expressions of prejudice by setting social norms that indicate prejudice is either more or less acceptable, respectively. We selected riddles that were disparaging, confrontational, or neutral, and examined their effects on subsequent prejudiced expressions. We predicted humor that disparaged Blacks would convey that prejudiced expressions are more socially acceptable, resulting in increased expressions of prejudice toward Blacks. Conversely, we predicted humor that confronted prejudiced expressions would convey that prejudiced expressions are less socially acceptable, resulting instead in reduced expressions of prejudice toward Blacks. Our studies demonstrated that, consistent with prejudiced norm theory, disparagement humor, and confrontational humor perceived as disparaging, has the potential to disinhibit expressions of prejudice when used, even in brief social interactions. Our studies also showed that individuals often misinterpreted the subversive nature of confrontational humor, frequently perceiving the confrontation intended to challenge expressions of prejudice as instead intending to disparage Blacks. Thus, while it is possible racial humor may have the potential to tighten norms inhibiting prejudice, the perceptions of confrontational jokes as disparaging may result in jokes (created to subvert and inhibit prejudice) ironically reinforcing prejudiced responding.
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Schaller, Mark, and Steven L. Neuberg. "Beyond prejudice to prejudices." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, no. 6 (November 20, 2012): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001306.
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AbstractDifferent groups, because they are perceived to pose different threats, elicit different prejudices. Collective action by disadvantaged groups can amplify the perception of specific threats, with predictable and potentially counterproductive consequences. It is important to carefully consider the threat-based psychology of prejudice(s) before implementing any strategy intended to promote positive social change.
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Johnson, Stephen D. "Anti-Arabic Prejudice in “Middletown”." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3 (June 1992): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.811.
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This study explored factors related to anti-Arabic prejudice by surveying a random sample of 418 people from “Middletown” (Muncie, Indiana). Anti-Arabic prejudice was high in the fall of 1990. Multiple regression analysis indicated that, as in other studies of prejudice, low education and high authoritarianism had the strongest independent relations with this type of prejudice. However, being Protestant, vs Catholic, was independently related to anti-Arabic prejudice, Protestants being more prejudiced than Catholics. Also, an interaction obtained between race and religious fundamentalism. Specifically, white fundamentalists were more prejudiced than white nonfundamentalists, but black fundamentalists were much less prejudiced than black nonfundamentalists. Other analyses supported the realistic conflict theory of prejudice by providing some support for the idea that those who saw Arabs as an economic threat were more prejudiced. The results are discussed.
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Todosijevic, Bojan. "Authoritarian personality: Psychoanalysis of antisemitism and prejudices." Psihologija 41, no. 2 (2008): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0802123t.
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The Authoritarian Personality is one of the most influential studies in social psychology, yet it has been subjected to different, often contradictory interpretations. This paper argues that the most important element of the authoritarian personality theory is the analysis of the psychological functionality of prejudice. Using psychoanalytic conceptual tools, the authors described the psychological logic behind apparently contradictory prejudices, and the function of prejudice in personal psychological 'economy'. In this way, Adorno et al. 'psychoanalyzed' both prejudice and the prejudiced. The first part of the paper presents the original research, with the particular focus on the less familiar aspects. The second part reviews the reactions to the Authoritarian Personality, and analyzes some of the better known criticisms and objections. The paper ends with the review of recent research trends inspired by Adorno et al.?s theory.
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Salvatore, Jessica, and J. Nicole Shelton. "Cognitive Costs of Exposure to Racial Prejudice." Psychological Science 18, no. 9 (September 2007): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01984.x.
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This study examined how encountering racial prejudice affects cognitive functioning. We assessed performance on the Stroop task after subjects reviewed job files that suggested an evaluator had made nonprejudiced, ambiguously prejudiced, or blatantly prejudiced hiring recommendations. The cognitive impact of exposure to ambiguous versus blatant cues to prejudice depended on subjects' racial group. Black subjects experienced the greatest impairment when they saw ambiguous evidence of prejudice, whereas White subjects experienced the greatest impairment when they saw blatant evidence of prejudice. Given the often ambiguous nature of contemporary expressions of prejudice, these results have important implications for the performance of ethnic minorities across many domains.
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Crawford, Jarret T., and Mark J. Brandt. "Who Is Prejudiced, and Toward Whom? The Big Five Traits and Generalized Prejudice." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 10 (March 21, 2019): 1455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219832335.
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Meta-analyses show that low levels of Openness and Agreeableness correlate with generalized prejudice. However, previous studies narrowly assessed prejudice toward low-status, disadvantaged groups. Using a broad operationalization of generalized prejudice toward a heterogeneous array of targets, we sought to answer two questions: (a) Are some types of people prejudiced against most types of groups? and (b) Are some types of people prejudiced against certain types of groups? Across four samples ( N = 7,543), Openness was very weakly related to broad generalized prejudice, r = −.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−.07, −.001], whereas low Agreeableness was reliably associated with broad generalized prejudice, r = −.23, 95% CI [−.31, −.16]. When target characteristics moderated relationships between Big Five traits and prejudice, they implied that perceiver–target dissimilarity on personality traits explains prejudice. Importantly, the relationship between Agreeableness and prejudice remained robust across target groups, suggesting it is the personality trait orienting people toward (dis)liking of others.
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Syamsudin, Tiara Ananda, Mardliya Pratiwi Zamruddin, and Setya Ariani. "PREJUDICE TOWARDS AFRICAN-AMERICAN IN SMALL GREAT THINGS NOVEL." Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya 7, no. 4 (October 29, 2023): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jbssb.v7i4.12152.
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Prejudice is a negative assumption towards others which is not certain to be right or wrong yet. One of the problems of prejudice that still exists in the modern era is prejudice against African Americans. This research aimed to reveal the kinds of prejudice experienced by African-Americans and the responses of African-American characters as the victims of prejudice. To conduct this research, the researcher used qualitative methodology. The data in this research were taken in the form of narrations and dialogues in Small Great Things (2016) novel written by Jodi Picoult which related to the negative actions of prejudice experienced by African-American characters and their responses to the prejudices that suitable with prejudice theory by Gordon Allport and the response to prejudice theory by Simpson and Yinger. The results showed that African-American characters in Small Great Things novel experience four kinds of prejudice, namely: antilocution, avoidance, discrimination and physical attack. Furthermore, the result also showed how African-American characters responded to the prejudices that they experienced, namely: aggression, acceptance and reformism. Therefore, the researcher concluded that prejudice based on individual beliefs can make someone behave negatively toward others and sometimes it can be manifested through hostile actions.
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Giménez-Fernández, Tamara, Dominique Kessel, Uxía Fernández-Folgueiras, Sabela Fondevila, Constantino Méndez-Bértolo, Nayamin Aceves, María José García-Rubio, and Luis Carretié. "Prejudice drives exogenous attention to outgroups." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 6 (June 2020): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa087.
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Abstract Exogenous attention allows the automatic detection of relevant stimuli and the reorientation of our current focus of attention towards them. Faces from an ethnic outgroup tend to capture exogenous attention to a greater extent than faces from an ethnic ingroup. We explored whether prejudice toward the outgroup, rather than lack of familiarity, is driving this effect. Participants (N = 76) performed a digit categorization task while distractor faces were presented. Faces belonged to (i) a prejudiced outgroup, (ii) a non-prejudiced outgroup and (iii) their ingroup. Half of the faces were previously habituated in order to increase their familiarity. Reaction times, accuracy and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to index exogenous attention to distractor faces. Additionally, different indexes of explicit and implicit prejudice were measured, the latter being significantly greater towards prejudiced outgroup. N170 amplitude was greater to prejudiced outgroup—regardless of their habituation status—than to both non-prejudiced outgroup and ingroup faces and was associated with implicit prejudice measures. No effects were observed at the behavioral level. Our results show that implicit prejudice, rather than familiarity, is under the observed attention-related N170 effects and that this ERP component may be more sensitive to prejudice than behavioral measures under certain circumstances.
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Scriabin, Olexiy. "PROBLEM ASPECTS OF DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF PREDUDICATION IN THE MODERN CRIMINAL PROCESS." Law Journal of Donbass 73, no. 4 (2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-163-168.
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The article considers the issue of defining the essence of the concept of prejudice in criminal proceedings. Prejudice is a complex and multifaceted concept. Depending on the meaning of the concept, the scope and effect of the institution of prejudice in criminal proceedings may be narrowed or expanded. The approaches of modern scientists to the definition of prejudice are highlighted. Prejudice is a rule of evidence, which establishes the procedure and grounds for use in the process of proof by the investigator, prosecutor, body of inquiry, judge, court of legal conclusions and facts established by those that have entered into force on the basis of the investigator, prosecutor , courts in administrative, commercial, civil or criminal cases, which essentially resolved the case, as those that do not require re-proof. The classification of prejudices according to the scale of application in the legal space is considered; depending on the subordination in legal regulation; by the nature of the connection with other cases; depending on the legislative consolidation; by legal consequences; depending on the subject of legal regulation; depending on the ability of the participants in the process to challenge the prejudice; by the subject of the creation of the prejudice. The problematic aspects of determining prejudices are analyzed. Necessary and important in determining the essence of the concept of prejudice is its distinction with the concepts of presumption, precedent and prejudice. The difference between precedent and presumption is manifested in the fact that precedent contains a legal rule for resolving a legal dispute, and prejudice is an evidentiary rule for the use of facts and legal conclusions. Prejudice and prejudice are not identical, as prejudice is a manifestation of such a characteristic of the legal force of a court decision as binding. The difference between a presumption and a prejudice lies primarily in their scope.
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Grossarth-Maticek, R., H. J. Eysenck, and H. Vetter. "Antismoking Attitudes and General Prejudice: An Empirical Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 3 (June 1988): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.927.
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A group of 5,977 persons was interviewed concerning attitudes towards smoking and smokers. Prejudice against smoking was significantly related to prejudice against various racial, religious and political groups and was noted in personality types previously found to be characteristically prejudiced. Mortality was much greater in prejudiced nonsmokers than in nonprejudiced smokers.
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Friedman, Carli. "Mapping Ableism: A Two-Dimensional Model of Explicit and Implicit Disability Attitudes." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 3 (May 24, 2019): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v8i3.509.
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Nondisabled people often experience a combination of negative and positive feelings towards disabled people. There are often large discrepancies between what nondisabled and disabled people view as positive treatment towards disabled people, with disabled people often viewing nondisabled people’s actions as inappropriate, despite nondisabled people believing they had good intentions. Since disability attitudes are complex, both explicit (conscious) attitudes and implicit (unconscious) attitudes need to be measured. Different combinations of explicit and implicit bias can be organized into four different categories: symbolic prejudice, aversive prejudice, principled conservative, and truly low prejudiced. To explore this phenomenon, we analyzed secondary explicit and implicit disability prejudice data from approximately 350,000 nondisabled people and categorized people’s prejudice styles according to an adapted version of Son Hing et al.’s (2008) two-dimensional model of racial prejudice. Findings revealed most nondisabled people were prejudiced in the aversive ableism fashion, with low explicit prejudice and high implicit prejudice. These findings mirror past research that suggests nondisabled people may believe they feel positively towards disabled people but actually hold negative attitudes which they disassociate or rationalize. Mapping the different ways ableism operates is one of the first of many necessary steps to dismantle ableism.
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Gawronski, Bertram. "What Does the Implicit Association Test Measure? A Test of the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Prejudice-Related IATs." Experimental Psychology 49, no. 3 (July 2002): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.49.3.171.
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Abstract. Drawing on recent criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the present study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of two prejudice-related IATs to corresponding explicit prejudice measures in a German student sample (N = 61). Confirming convergent validity, (a) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to Turkish people was significantly related to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (b) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to East Asians was significantly related to explicit prejudice against East Asians. Moreover, confirming discriminant validity, (c) the Asian IAT was unrelated to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (d) the Turkish IAT was unrelated to explicit prejudice against Asian people. These results further corroborate the assumption that the IAT is a valid method to assess the strength of evaluative associations in the domain of prejudice and stereotypes.
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Rahayu, Nur Jiyannah A., and Alfa Mardiyana. "Prejudice: A Comparative Study of The Perspectives in Tafsir Al-Ibriz and Tafsir Fi Zilalil-Qur'an." Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Mu'ashirah 20, no. 2 (August 10, 2023): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jim.v20i2.19063.
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Human beings are social creatures that require interactions among individuals. Encountering those who hold various prejudices towards individuals or different groups in their surroundings often leads to conflicts and animosity among fellow beings. Therefore, the presence of prejudices, whether positive or negative, significantly affects one's attitude and behavior in societal life. This study elucidates the commonalities and differences of prejudices as presented in the interpretations of Al-Ibrīz and Tafsīr Fī Ẓilālil-Qur'ān, and how prejudice is classified in contemporary society. The purpose of this research is to identify the similarities and disparities in prejudices as depicted in the interpretations of Al-Ibrīz and Tafsīr Fī Ẓilālil-Qur'ān, as well as to understand the classification of prejudices in modern society. The research employs a comparative method using the technique of library research, with Al-Ibrīz by Bisri Musthofa and Tafsīr Fī Ẓilālil-Qur'ān by Sayyid Quthb as the primary sources of reference. The findings of this study indicate: 1.) Both commentators share a similar interpretation of prejudice, which is the prohibition of harboring excessive prejudices, as some forms of prejudice are considered sinful. However, there is a difference in their interpretations. According to Bisri Musthofa, engaging in prejudice by seeking out others' faults and flaws can lead to slander. On the other hand, according to Sayyid Quthb, it is advised not to be easily swayed by conjectural whispers and to strive to eliminate slander to preserve the bond of brotherhood among people. 2.) Prejudice is prevalent in societal life. As individuals engage in the world of social interaction, they are bound to encounter numerous instances where various types of prejudices, both positive and negative, are ingrained.
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Meeusen, Cecil, Bart Meuleman, Koen Abts, and Robin Bergh. "Comparing a Variable-Centered and a Person-Centered Approach to the Structure of Prejudice." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 6 (July 21, 2017): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617720273.
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Whereas research on generalized prejudice is dominated by variable-centered approaches, which focus on communalities between different types of prejudice, we propose a complementary person-centered approach, looking for subgroups of people characterized by similar patterns of prejudice. To this end, we compare the results of a variable-centered (using confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]) and a person-centered (using latent class analysis [LCA]) approach to generalized prejudice. While CFA points to a multidimensional solution with a strong overlap between prejudice dimensions, LCA distinguishes five prejudice patterns that cannot be organized along a linear continuum of more versus less prejudiced dispositions. Explanatory models for the two solutions are estimated. Results show that the two methods are largely complementary in conceptualizing generalized prejudice.
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Johnson, India R., Brandon M. Kopp, and Richard E. Petty. "Just say no! (and mean it): Meaningful negation as a tool to modify automatic racial attitudes." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430216647189.
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The present research compared the effectiveness of meaningful negation—“That’s wrong”—and simple negation—“No”—to alter automatic prejudice. Participants were trained to negate prejudice-consistent or prejudice-inconsistent information, using either simple or meaningful negation, and completed an evaluative priming measure of racial prejudice before and after training. No significant changes in automatic prejudice in the simple negation conditions emerged. In contrast, those trained to negate prejudice-consistent information in a more meaningful way showed a significant decrease in automatic prejudice, whereas those trained to negate prejudice-inconsistent information meaningfully showed a significant increase. Study 2 revealed that these effects were driven by participants high in their motivation to control prejudiced reactions (MCPR), as they demonstrated the greatest changes in automatic prejudice following training. Contrary to research suggesting negation training is an ineffective means to reduce automatic racial prejudice, the present research suggests negation can be effective when the negation is meaningful.
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MacInnis, Cara C., Elizabeth Page-Gould, and Gordon Hodson. "Multilevel Intergroup Contact and Antigay Prejudice (Explicit and Implicit)." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616671405.
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Intergroup contact at the individual level is robustly associated with lower prejudice, but intergroup contact occurs within a greater regional context. Multilevel examinations thus far have focused on interethnic contact, where both individual- and contextual-level contact are associated with lower explicit prejudice. Given that ethnicity is visible, two lingering questions concern whether (a) contextual contact effects only apply to visible outgroups and (b) contextual contact effects predict implicit prejudice in addition to explicit prejudice. In two studies, we tested these questions in the domain of sexual orientation. Individual- and contextual-level contact were simultaneously (uniquely) associated with lower implicit and explicit prejudice: Individuals having more contact with gay men/lesbians were less prejudiced toward gay men and lesbians, and individuals living in areas with greater contact with gay men/lesbians were less prejudiced toward gay men/lesbians. It seems that people need not directly witness intergroup contact in their region for contextual contact effects to occur.
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Dabbs, James M., and Rhonda Milun. "PUPIL DILATION WHEN VIEWING STRANGERS: CAN TESTOSTERONE MODERATE PREJUDICE?" Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 27, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.3.297.
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Undergraduate students, 27 white and 27 black, provided saliva samples for testosterone assay, completed measures of prejudice, and viewed pictures of black and white target persons. Pupil dilation was measured continuously while subjects viewed the pictures and thought about meeting the persons whom they were seeing. Testosterone interacted with prejudice, such that prejudiced individuals who were low in testosterone showed large pupil dilation and prejudiced individuals who were high in testosterone showed small pupil dilation. The interaction of testosterone with prejudice in affecting dilation was not related to the race either of the subject, or of the target being viewed.
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Murphy, Mary C., Kathryn M. Kroeper, and Elise M. Ozier. "Prejudiced Places: How Contexts Shape Inequality and How Policy Can Change Them." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732217748671.
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Psychological theories often locate the problem of prejudice within people. However, prejudice stems from both people and places. Prejudiced contexts are places with predictable, systematic inequalities in experience and outcomes based on people’s social group memberships—advantaging people from some social groups, while disadvantaging people from others. The prejudice-in-places model illuminates sources of inequality that would otherwise be overlooked and suggests novel avenues for intervention. By understanding how norms, values, policies, practices, and procedures can create prejudiced places, leaders and policymakers can intentionally debias environments so that members of all social groups can flourish in educational and organizational settings.
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Everett, Jim A. C., Lucius Caviola, Julian Savulescu, and Nadira S. Faber. "Speciesism, generalized prejudice, and perceptions of prejudiced others." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 6 (September 2019): 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218816962.
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Philosophers have argued there is a normative relationship between our attitudes towards animals (“speciesism”) and other prejudices, and psychological work suggests speciesism relies on similar psychological processes and motivations as those underlying other prejudices. But do laypeople perceive such a connection? We compared perceptions of a target who is high or low on speciesism with those of a target who is high or low on racism (Studies 1–2), sexism (Study 2), or homophobia (Study 3). We find that just like racists, sexists, and homophobes, speciesists were both evaluated more negatively and expected to hold more general prejudicial attitudes and ideologies (e.g., thought to be higher on SDO and more prejudiced in other ways). Our results suggest that laypeople seem intuitively aware of the connection between speciesism and “traditional” forms of prejudice, inferring similar personality traits and general prejudicial attitudes from a speciesist just as they do from a racist, sexist, or homophobe.
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Bakri, Mubarak. "PRASANGKA DALAM AL-QUR’AN." Rausyan Fikr: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Ushuluddin dan Filsafat 14, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/rsy.v14i1.322.
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Prejudice is one of the causes of horizontal conflict in the society today. Starting from prejudice giving rise to excessive suspicion which led to slander and disharmony between one another. Through this article, the author discusses prejudice in the Koran as a source of solutions to all diseases, including prejudice as a social disease. The author uses thematic interpretations as a method in constructing the Qur'anic insights related to verses examining prejudice by taking the keyword az-zannu. Through this word, it is elaborated in depth the nature of az-zannu and its characteristics in the Qur'an, and how it relates to the az-zannu with its own prejudices. Finally, the author also describes the influence of prejudice in modern society today.
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Kim, Donghyun. "The Essence of Prejudice: Prejudice of Being and Prejudice of Becoming." Sungshin Women's University Center for East Asian Studies 29, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 49–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56022/ceas.2023.29.2.49.
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This paper considers the essence of prejudice, which is the basis of normative grounding as a criterion of cognition and practical action. In the modern era, understanding the concept of prejudice as a criterion for cognition and practical action can be perceived as binary opposition according to the position of both the Enlightenment and hermeneutics. However, this paper does not analyze the confrontational difference between the two epistemological perspectives by treating prejudice as previous studies do; rather, it presents a new epistemological frame of reference. This paper identifies the standard of cognition that defines and grounds human consciousness and prejudice as a criterion of cognition and practical action, which is the normative basis of practical behavior, focusing on two types: prejudice of being and prejudice of becoming. The prejudice of being focuses on identity and presupposes that humans and communities have certain normative values inherent and endowed a priori. To realize the normative value inherent in a priori, the prejudice of being emphasizes the ability of reason. The prejudice of being has universal properties as a fixed value and criterion for judgment. Based on immobility, the prejudice of being insists on a system of existing familiar prejudices and tries to settle in a closed space. Therefore, the prejudice of being emphasizes the reality of the familiarity. On the other hand, the prejudice of becoming considers the difference and gives the meaning of social diversity to human cognition. The prejudice of becoming understands the causality of the phenomenon in which human cognition expands as a relativistic attribute. As the prejudice of becoming emphasizes human intuition for grasping social relationships, it tends to be open, dynamic, and intuitively motivating to seek and transform the frame of cognition hardened by the prejudice of being. In summary, whereas the prejudice of being is defined as the reality of the familiarity that seeks stability, the prejudice of becoming is understood as the possibility of the unfamiliarity that accommodates change.
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Sustanto, Sustanto, and Kholid Mawardi. "Inter-Religious Prejudice in A Multicultural Society." International Journal of Social Science, Education, Communication and Economics (SINOMICS JOURNAL) 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/sj.v2i1.122.
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Prejudice between religious believers in a multicultural society is a negative view or stereotype that is formed against a particular religion or individual based on their religion. The writing of this scientific article is to use literature research, researchers examine theories, concepts, definitions, understandings of the variables studied to find their connection. The result of writing this article is Prejudice in the religious context is a behavior that will threaten the integrity of the Indonesian nation as a multicultural nation. This prejudiced behavior is formed in a person due to individual, sociological and cultural psychological factors. Religious prejudice will trigger discrimination and violence in society. If this behavior continues, it does not rule out the spirit of multiculturalism that is expected to evaporate by itself. Prevention of prejudice in religion can be done by increasing the value of the prejudiced group, opening communication, conditioning the environment to internalizing social norms.
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Carr, Priyanka B., Carol S. Dweck, and Kristin Pauker. "“Prejudiced” behavior without prejudice? Beliefs about the malleability of prejudice affect interracial interactions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103, no. 3 (September 2012): 452–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028849.
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Madison, Guy, and Fredrik Ullén. "Statistical learning and prejudice." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, no. 6 (November 20, 2012): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001422.
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AbstractHuman behavior is guided by evolutionarily shaped brain mechanisms that make statistical predictions based on limited information. Such mechanisms are important for facilitating interpersonal relationships, avoiding dangers, and seizing opportunities in social interaction. We thus suggest that it is essential for analyses of prejudice and prejudice reduction to take the predictive accuracy and adaptivity of the studied prejudices into account.
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Sanchez, Diana T., Kimberly E. Chaney, Sara K. Manuel, Leigh S. Wilton, and Jessica D. Remedios. "Stigma by Prejudice Transfer: Racism Threatens White Women and Sexism Threatens Men of Color." Psychological Science 28, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616686218.
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In the current research, we posited the stigma-by-prejudice-transfer effect, which proposes that stigmatized group members (e.g., White women) are threatened by prejudice that is directed at other stigmatized group members (e.g., African Americans) because they believe that prejudice has monolithic qualities. While most stigma researchers assume that there is a direct correspondence between the attitude of prejudiced individuals and the targets (i.e., sexism affects women, racism affects racial minorities), the five studies reported here demonstrate that White women can be threatened by racism (Study 1, 3, 4, and 5) and men of color by sexism (Study 2). Robust to perceptions of liking and the order in which measures were administered, results showed that prejudice transfers between racism and sexism were driven by the presumed social dominance orientation of the prejudiced individual. In addition, important downstream consequences, such as the increased likelihood of anticipated stigma, expectations of unfair treatment, and the attribution of negative feedback to sexism, appeared for stigmatized individuals.
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Cantal, Clara, Taciano L. Milfont, Marc S. Wilson, and Valdiney V. Gouveia. "Differential Effects of Right–Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation on Dimensions of Generalized Prejudice in Brazil." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 1 (January 2015): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1978.
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Previous research within a dual–process cognitive–motivational theory of ideology and prejudice has indicated that dimensions of generalized prejudice are structured around attitudes towards dangerous, derogated and dissident groups, and that these prejudice dimensions are differentially predicted by the ideological attitudes of Right–Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). However, to date, these findings have been restricted to New Zealand samples. We describe two studies examining whether the structure of prejudiced attitudes and the differential prediction by RWA and SDO replicate in the Brazilian context, incorporating context–relevant examples of each group—politicians, those from the northeast region of Brazil, and environmentalists. Results broadly supported the three–factor structure of dangerous, derogated, and dissident groups. Consistent with previous research, regression and structural equation analyses showed that RWA explained prejudice against dangerous groups, SDO explained prejudice against derogated groups, and both RWA and SDO explained prejudice against dissident groups. This research provides some evidence for the generalizability of the three–dimensional structure of generalized prejudice and differential prediction by RWA and SDO. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Crandall, Christian S., Jason M. Miller, and Mark H. White. "Changing Norms Following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 2 (January 16, 2018): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617750735.
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The 2016 presidential election was characterized by the remarkable expression of prejudice toward a range of groups. In two closely related studies ( N = 388; 196 supporting Trump, 192 Clinton), we measured (1) perceptions of social norms toward prejudice or (2) people’s own levels of prejudice toward 19 social groups, shortly before and after the election. Some groups were targeted by the Trump campaign (e.g., Muslims, immigrants) and some were not (e.g., atheists, alcoholics). Participants saw an increase in the acceptability of prejudice toward groups Trump targeted but little shift in untargeted groups. By contrast, participants reported a personal drop in Trump-targeted prejudice, probably due changing comparison standards, with no change in prejudice toward untargeted groups. The 2016 election seems to have ushered in a normative climate that favored expression of several prejudices; this shift may have played a role in the substantial increase in bias-related incidents that follow closely upon the election.
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Hidayat, Dede Rahmat. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEMUNCULAN PRASANGKA SOSIAL (SOCIAL PREJUDICE) PADA PELAJAR." Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi 12, no. 2 (April 9, 2013): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v12i2.6284.
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This study aims to investigate of the factors in the emergence of social prejudice student groups. The subjects of this study were student grade junior high school VIII.1 232 Jakarta, consisting of 38 students. They are a group of people on a small scale that represents some ethnic elements. The sampling technique is done by using the technique of sampling convinience. Measuring tool used is a semantic differential scale is an instrument to measure the response of the aspects of affective. The results showed that social prejudices on the subject is at the level of medium and low. In addition, the student social prejudice caused more by prejudices that are more personal and social nature. The emergence of prejudice is caused by cultural differences and the social distance between different ethnic groups.
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Pérez-Testor, Carles, Julia Behar, Montse Davins, José Luís Conde Sala, José A. Castillo, Manel Salamero, Elisabeth Alomar, and Sabina Segarra. "Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs about Homosexuality." Spanish journal of psychology 13, no. 1 (May 2010): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600003735.
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Schools play a key role in transmitting attitudes towards sexual diversity. Many studies stress the importance of teachers' and other professionals' attitudes towards gay men and/or lesbian women. This study evaluates attitudes and prejudices toward homosexuality in a sample of 254 elementary and high school teachers in Barcelona and its surrounding area. The results obtained using a scale of overt and subtle prejudice and a scale of perceived discrepancy of values indicate that discrepancy between likely behavior and personal values was significantly greater in women, those who hold religious beliefs, churchgoers and people without any gay or lesbian acquaintances. Approximately 88% of the teachers showed no type of prejudiced attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women. The experience of proximity to gay men and/or lesbian women reduces not only the discrepancy between personal values and likely behavior but also the presence of homophobic prejudice. It would be advisable to expand specific teacher training in the subject of sexual diversity in order to reduce prejudicial attitudes, thus fostering non-stereotyped knowledge of homosexuality.
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Hopkins, Daniel J., and Samantha Washington. "The Rise of Trump, The Fall of Prejudice? Tracking White Americans’ Racial Attitudes Via A Panel Survey, 2008–2018." Public Opinion Quarterly 84, no. 1 (2020): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaa004.
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Abstract In his campaign and first few years in office, Donald Trump consistently defied contemporary norms by using explicit, negative rhetoric targeting ethnic/racial minorities. Did this rhetoric lead White Americans to express more or less prejudiced views of African Americans or Hispanics, whether through changing norms around racial prejudice or other mechanisms? We assess that question using a thirteen-wave panel conducted with a population-based sample of Americans between 2008 and 2018. We find that via most measures, White Americans’ expressed anti-Black and anti-Hispanic prejudice declined after Trump’s political emergence, and we can rule out even small increases in the expression of prejudice. These results suggest the limits of racially charged rhetoric’s capacity to heighten prejudice among White Americans overall. They also indicate that rather than being a fixed predisposition, prejudice can shift by reacting against changing presidential rhetoric.
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Erzurum Alim, Nural, Aysun Yuksel, Leyla Tevfikoglu Pehlivan, Rahime Evra Karakaya, and Zehra Nur Besler. "Eating Disorder Risk and Factors Associated with Obesity Prejudice Among University Students: A cross-sectional descriptive study." Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.26.2.1492.
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Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate eating disorder risk and factors associated with obesity prejudice among university students. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was consisted of 1449 university students in Turkey. Anthropometric measurements were self-reported and eating disorder and obesity prejudice symptoms were measured via validated scales. Results: Prevalence of students at low risk for eating disorder was 88.2%, while 60.3% of them were prone to obesity prejudice and 27% of them were obesity prejudiced. The mean eating disorder scores of the underweight and the normal weight group were significantly lower than the overweight group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.019, respectively). The difference between the mean obesity prejudice scores of the normal weight group and the overweight group was found to be significant (p = 0.002). Moreover, in the multiple linear regression analysis, the overweight group had a significant association with obesity prejudice (p<0.001). Conclusion: The risk of eating disorder and obesity prejudice increases among overweight/obese university students. Early prediction of eating disorder and obesity prejudice is crucial to prevent health problems such as obesity and related diseases among university students.
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Sanchez, Diana T., Kimberly E. Chaney, Sara K. Manuel, and Jessica D. Remedios. "Theory of Prejudice and American Identity Threat Transfer for Latino and Asian Americans." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 7 (April 16, 2018): 972–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218759288.
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Latinos and Asian Americans confront similar stereotypes as they are often presumed to be foreigners and subjected to American identity denial. Across six studies (total N = 992), we demonstrate that Latinos and Asians anticipate ingroup prejudice and specific types of subordination (e.g., American identity threat) in the face of outgroup threats that target one another (i.e., stigma transfer). The studies explore whether stigma transfer occurred primarily when shared Latino and Asian stereotype content was a salient component of the prejudice remark (e.g., foreigner stereotypes; Study 3), or when outgroup prejudice targeted a social group with shared stereotype content (Study 4), though neither appeared to substantively moderate stigma transfer. Minority group members who conceptualize prejudiced people as holding multiple biases (i.e., a monolithic prejudice theory) were more susceptible to stigma transfer suggesting that stereotype content is not necessary for stigma transfer because people assume that prejudice is not singular.
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Moss, Aaron J., Alison Blodorn, Amanda R. Van Camp, and Laurie T. O’Brien. "Gender equality, value violations, and prejudice toward Muslims." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 2 (July 19, 2017): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217716751.
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Why are people prejudiced toward Muslims? In this research, we used a value violation framework to predict that when people believe Muslims value gender equality less than reference groups, it creates a value violation that leads to prejudice. In Study 1, people believed that Muslims value gender equality less than Christians, and the more people believed that Muslims do not value gender equality, the more they reported prejudice toward Muslims. In Study 2, we manipulated perceptions of how much Muslims value gender equality by giving people evidence that Muslims either do or do not support women’s rights. Afterward, we measured people’s prejudice toward Muslims and desire for social distance. Telling people that Muslims value gender equality reduced both prejudice and the desire for social distance. These effects occurred by increasing people’s beliefs that they share values with Muslims, highlighting the importance of values as a source of prejudice.
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Jain, Paras, Roshni Billaiya, and Shivangi Jain. "IMPACT OF PREJUDICE ON SOCIAL BEHAVIOR." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1397.
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Everyone whether it is human or animal influence by prejudice nature and behave socially according to prejudiced thinking. It influences negatively preventing to handle situations, persons with new perspective. It acts as barrier for nurturing new ideas and thinking development. It affects decision making power of a person. Present study is targeted to measure prejudice nature and finding its impact on social behavior.
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Zhang, Grace, and Tulin Ece Tosun. "Pride and Prejudice Book vs. Play." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2023): 015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.81.3.
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Since first published in 1813, Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice has remained to be a timeless classic and has continued to inspire many adaptations in different artistic forms. The novel explores pride in Mr. Darcy’s character and prejudices in Elizabeth Bennet’s nature. In the beginning, excessive pride and prejudices prevent them from admiring each other’s virtue and beauty. As the story progresses, though, readers see both their growth and, finally, a happy ending after pride and prejudices fade. Because it tells one of the most cherished love stories in English literature, the original novel has been adapted to plays, movies, and TV series—but unfortunately, not every production is at the same level of quality. The wonderful experiences of going to the Pride & Prejudice (2005) movie screening and watching BBC’s Pride and Prejudice (1995) TV series had raised my expectation for other adaptations of the novel, so I couldn’t wait to go to Aquila Theatre’s play production. However, it was a disappointment and I have since been curious to find out why I felt that it did not meet my expectation: I love the book, the movie, and the TV series, so why can’t I like Aquila Theatre’s play adaptation as well? In this paper, I will argue that I don’t think Aquila Theatre’s production is a good adaptation of the original work, based on how the play differently portrays Mr. Collins’s character and manners, Elizabeth Bennet, and her relationship with Mr. Darcy. • How did Jane Austen portray each character when writing the book? • How did Aquila Theatre differently portray each character when directing the play? • What is the message Jane Austen tries to send through her novel Pride and Prejudice? • What are some reviews of Aquila Theatre’s production of Pride and Prejudice?
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Verkuyten, M., and K. Masson. "‘NEW RACISM’, SELF-ESTEEM, AND ETHNIC RELATIONS AMONG MINORITY AND MAJORITY YOUTH IN THE NETHERLANDS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 23, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.2.137.
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In Western Europe the concept of ‘new racism’ has emerged. The idea of the incompatibility of different cultures is central to this concept, and this idea leads to the abnormalization and exclusion of ethnic minority groups. This paper studies this form of ethnic prejudice and several of its correlates among ethnic majority and minority youth. The results show, first, that majority youth were more prejudiced than minority youth. Second, that among majority youth prejudice correlated positively with personal self-esteem as well as with self-esteem as an ethnic group member, whereas among minority youth a negative association was found. Third, among majority youth positive ingroup evaluation in combination with prejudice was found, whereas among minority youth a more positive ingroup evaluation was associated with less prejudice. Fourth, among majority youth prejudice was very strongly correlated with a measure of social distance, with rate of voluntary inter-ethnic contacts, and with level of outgroup formation. Among minority youth these associations were much weaker.
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Myroshnyk, O. "CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF PREJUDICE." Psychology and Personality, no. 2 (October 9, 2023): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2023.2.288295.
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The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of prejudice, the analysis of scientific approaches to the explanation of its role in the functioning of the individual as a subject of life. To achieve the goal, theoretical level methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification) were applied.
According to the results of the study, it was established that the prerequisite for the formation of prejudices is a social stereotype, as a product of mass behavior supported by the social environment. In contrast to the stereotype in prejudice, as the subject's tendency to perceive, evaluate and take appropriate actions in relation to social objects or a person based on the values accepted in the group, the emotional aspects of the attitude prevail.
Among existing approaches to explaining the psychological nature of prejudices, theories of social learning, motivational and cognitive theory, and theory of social identity occupy a special place. According to the results of the analysis of these approaches, it was established that the basis of stereotyping are categorization operations. Categorization allows: to distinguish social groups into "own" and "other" groups; form one's own social identity through awareness of belonging to one's social group and perceive it as a source of self-respect; to create an image of oneself, based on the results of comparing one's group with external groups. Categorization simplifies reality, manifests itself automatically beyond human intention. Existing social norms are the categories for dividing groups in society. The choice of a target group for prejudice within a particular culture, as well as the range of appropriate behavior toward it, depend on social learning. Cultural differences will determine the frequency of manifestation of a certain prejudice, the object of prejudice and the ways of its manifestation. Activation of the influence of prejudices on human behavior occurs in situations of threat to collective self-respect.
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Adhiambo Achieng, Olivia, Robert Kisavi Mule, and Fredrick Onyango Aila. "BEHAVIORAL PREJUDICE AS A MODERATOR TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC INVESTMENT PROCEDURES & OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF REAL ESTATE FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM KENYA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15391.
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Behavioral prejudice results in decision making in which reasoning is influenced by emotions, usually leading to irrational financial decisions. The interest in prejudice caused by faulty cognitive reasoning or emotions that affect individual financial outcomes has seen the emergence of research on behavioral finance as a concept.The nerve in the process of decision making is how the investor perceives risk. Risk is a significant factor in analyzing decision situations under uncertainty. Unfortunately, majority of people are not consistent in how they approach risk. Although investors intention is to act rationally and make informed decisions, behavioral aspects affect the decision process and cause investors to deviate from the normative models. This article sought to assess the moderation effect of behavioral prejudice on the relationship between strategic investment procedures and operational performance of real estate firms in Kenya in the period 2018-2022. It focused on three variables strategic investment procedures as the independent variable, operational performance as the dependent variable and behavioral prejudice being the moderator variable. Theoretical literature illustrates individual relationships between these variables but the combined influence of the three variables on operational performance has not been previously studied.A correlational survey design and census sampling method were used to draw 231 registered real estate investment firms in Kenyas capital city of Nairobi. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires to collect data from 231 senior financial managers and analyzed by regression analysis. Behavioral prejudice and strategic investment procedures as predictor variables had a significant R² of 32.8% (p<0.01). The R² of incorporating the interaction term between behavioral prejudices and strategic investment procedures was R²=39.7% (p<0.01) change of R²=6.8% (p<0.01) implying that behavioral prejudices significantly moderates the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In conclusion,strategic investment procedures significantly predict operational performance but incorporation of behavioral prejudices significantly enhances the predictive power. The study recommends real estate firms focus on behavioral prejudices so as to make informed and accurate investment decisions thus enhancing operational performance. Contrary to prior research, the study has shown that strategic investment procedures and behavioral prejudices interacting together affects Operational performance thus bringing new knowledge to the area of finance.
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Najchuman, Marjorie, and Lorelynn Castillo. "Cultural prejudice on the speaking skill of students." Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/les.v23i1.38406.
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Considering the vital role of language teachers in combatting cultural prejudice in the classroom, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of language teachers when cultural lenses affect their perception of students' speaking skills and cull out techniques in reducing cultural prejudice from their experiences. With phenomenology as its research design, Senior High School language teachers were interviewed, and their responses were transcribed, analyzed, and thematized. Two themes emerged reflecting the cultural prejudices of language teachers in the speaking skills of students – Fossilized Regional Defects and Low Communicative Delivery, and two cultural prejudice reduction strategies materialized – Maximize Profiling Strategies and Respecting Cultural Differences. This study concludes that reflecting on one'
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Galam, Serge. "The Trump phenomenon: An explanation from sociophysics." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 10 (April 20, 2017): 1742015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217420152.
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The Trump phenomenon is argued to depart from current populist rise in Europe. According to a model of opinion dynamics from sociophysics the machinery of Trump’s amazing success obeys well-defined counter-intuitive rules. Therefore, his success was in principle predictable from the start. The model uses local majority rule arguments and obeys a threshold dynamics. The associated tipping points are found to depend on the leading collective beliefs, cognitive biases and prejudices of the social group which undertakes the public debate. And here comes the open sesame of the Trump campaign, which develops along two successive steps. During a first moment, Trump’s statement produces a majority of voters against him. But at the same time, according to the model the shocking character of the statement modifies the prejudice balance. In case the prejudice is present even being frozen among voters, the tipping point is lowered at Trump’s benefit. Nevertheless, although the tipping point has been lowered by the activation of frozen prejudices it is instrumental to preserve enough support from openly prejudiced people to be above the threshold. Then, as infuriated voters launch intense debate, occurrence of ties will drive progressively hostile people to shift their voting intention without needing to endorse the statement which has infuriated them. The ongoing debate does drive towards a majority for Trump. The possible Trump victory at November Presidential election is discussed. In particular, the model shows that to eventually win the Presidential election, Trump must not modify his past shocking attitude but to appeal to a different spectrum of frozen prejudices, which are common to both Democrats and Republicans.
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Ford, Thomas E., and Mark A. Ferguson. "Social Consequences of Disparagement Humor: A Prejudiced Norm Theory." Personality and Social Psychology Review 8, no. 1 (February 2004): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0801_4.
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In this article we introduce a “prejudiced norm theory” that specifies the social-psychological processes by which exposure to disparagement humor uniquely affects tolerance of discrimination against members of groups targeted by the humor. Our theory posits that a norm of tolerance of discrimination implied by disparagement humor functions as a source of self-regulation for people high in prejudice. For people high in prejudice, this norm regulates the effect of exposure to disparagement humor on tolerance of subsequently encountered discriminatory events. Our theory contributes to the literature on prejudice and discrimination by delineating the processes by which disparagement humor creates a normative climate of tolerance of discrimination, as well as variables that accentuate and attenuate its effects.
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Fortes, Gabriel, and Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti de Macêdo. "Prejudice in visual argument." Revista Eletrônica de Estudos Integrados em Discurso e Argumentação 22, no. 2 (September 7, 2022): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47369/eidea-22-2-3434.
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This article discusses different types of “argumentativeness” in three memes related to overweight jokes posted in a community of meme generation (quickmeme.com) in July 2021. We aim to show how visual argument, image rhetoric, and social prejudice devices enable the creation of “joking” memes that frame an audience's meaning-making towards prejudiced ideas. The methodological procedure was based on an analytical process of the selected memes using a theoretical framework on visual argumentation, media studies, and attitudes and beliefs around body image. The results suggest that fat body prejudice images in the memes operate in the level of persuasiveness of the audience of certain rationality through argument schemes easily recognizable by an audience.
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Meertens, Roel W., and Thomas F. Pettigrew. "Is Subtle Prejudice Really Prejudice?" Public Opinion Quarterly 61, no. 1, Special Issue on Race (1997): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/297786.
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Platow, Michael J., Clinton G. Knight, Dirk Van Rooy, Martha Augoustinos, Daniel Bar-Tal, and Russell Spears. "“We’re tolerant and they’re prejudiced”: Same-sex marriage supporters’ and opponents’ perceptions of supportive and oppositional claims." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 29, 2023): e0286063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286063.
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The current research examined the proposition that debates over same-sex marriage are characterized, at least in part, by conflicting understandings about what is and is not prejudiced, normative and true. Toward this end, Australians’ (N = 415) prejudice judgements of supportive and oppositional statements toward same-sex marriage were measured and analysed with analyses of variance. Unsurprisingly, same-sex marriage supporters perceived a supportive statement as unprejudiced, tolerant, truthful, in pursuit of individual liberty, and normative; oppositional statements were seen in precisely the opposite manner. Same-sex marriage opponents, however, disagreed, instead judging an oppositional statement as unprejudiced, tolerant, truthful, in pursuit of individual liberty, and normative; it was a supportive statement that was seen as relatively prejudiced. These effects remained even after controlling for independent expressions of in-group favouritism. The current data align with a collective naïve realism perspective, in which group members see their own views as veridical and those of disagreeing others as biased. We argue that prejudice-reduction efforts must be instantiated to facilitate a common in-group identity between supporters and opponents to enable consensus over facts and, ultimately, what is and is not prejudice. Without this consensus, each side of the political debate may simply hurl the pejorative label of “prejudice” against the other, with likely little opportunity for social influence and social change.
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Isaacs, Leora W., and David J. Bearison. "The Development of Children's Prejudice against the Aged." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 23, no. 3 (October 1986): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8gvr-xjqy-lfth-e0a1.
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Children's prejudice against the aged was studied in terms of their responses to an attitude scale and measures of their social interaction with aged compared to nonaged confederates. Participants were 144 middle-class children, four, six, and eight years of age. Findings from the attitude scale indicated significant levels of ageist prejudice among six- and eight-year-olds but not in four-year-olds. Eight-year-olds had significantly higher prejudice scores than six-year-olds. There were six measures of participant interaction with aged compared to nonaged confederates: proxemic distance, productivity, eye-contact initiation, number of words spoken, number of conversation initiations, and number of verbal appeals. On all of these measures except productivity, participants in each age group showed significant levels of ageist prejudice. Ancillary findings indicated that, in general, participants were more prejudiced against women than against men. Attitude scores correlated significantly with some of the behavioral measures but not with all of them.
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Musmuallim, Musmuallim. "DINAMIKA PRASANGKA SOSIAL PENYEBARAN AGAMA TERHADAP PIHAK RUMAH KHALWAT OASIS SUNGAI KERIT." al-Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 4, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/balagh.v4i2.1783.
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Oasis Sungai Kerit (OSK) is a hermitage or khalwat house as a place of worship rituals and prayer services for Catholics in Melung Village, Kedungbanteng, Banyumas. Its existence is considered to spread religion and cause unrest. This study elaborates on the dynamics of the emergence of prejudices against OSK managers and formulates suggestions for these problems through a phenomenological approach. Data collection is done by interviews and documentation that are arranged and presented descriptively. In this study it was concluded that 1) Prejudice of the spread of Catholicism by the OSK khalwat house was due to the categorization and ingroup-outgroups, 2) Prejudice also occurred because there were OSK khalwat house activities in accordance with prejudice, 3) Problems of licensing strengthened community rejection. Dialogue efforts have been made but not yet optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize the format of dialogue between various parties so that dialogue can take place openly and intensively so that prejudice can be reduced.
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Kwok, Diana K. "Contesting Sexual Prejudice to Support Sexual Minorities: Views of Chinese Social Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063208.
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Professional development has been recognized as one of the strategies to effectively combat sexual prejudice and negative attitudes against lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning/queer (LGBQ+) individuals and sexual minorities. Nevertheless, studies related to LGBQ+-inclusive training are rarely found in the Chinese Hong Kong context, where sexual prejudice still prevails without the establishment of antidiscrimination law. Sociocultural considerations, such as religious and parental influences, are obstacles to discussing the reduction of sexual prejudices, both within wider society and social work organizations, without institutional support. This paper aims to understand social workers’ perspectives on prejudice reduction training themes and perceived cultural barriers through qualitative in-depth interviews with 67 social workers. Qualitative thematic analysis yielded the following themes: (1) understanding sexuality; (2) initiating training legitimately; (3) contesting religious and cultural assumptions; (4) resolving value and ethical dilemma; (5) selecting relevant knowledge; (6) implementing diverse training strategies. The study suggests that social workers and service providers need to understand how sexual prejudice is manifested in Hong Kong through unique cultural forces. LGBQ+-inclusive content, addressing updated concepts and prejudice-free language, should be incorporated into the training curriculum. Intergroup contact, professional reflection, and experiential learning are suggested as training strategies (190).
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Ivanka, Dea, Andini Syafitri, Indah Putri Sari, and Dika Sahputra. "Implementasi Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok untuk Mengatasi Sikap Prasangka Buruk Diri Siswa di UPT SMP Negeri 27 Medan." As-Syar'i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 5, no. 2 (December 25, 2022): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/as.v5i2.2377.
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Basically, every human being has the values of bad prejudice, whether it is the value of prejudice to himself or to others. According to a BK teacher named Mrs. Kristina Nababan, S.Pd. The BK teacher explained that the problems that occurred in this school were not only about learning and a student's morals. however, also with such a great attitude of prejudice that in the end, from that prejudice, a fight occurred which was brought outside of school. The fights that had been brought out of school some time ago made the role of the BK teacher very much needed. The point is to mediate or intervene in the fight. This can be done by implementing or implementing group guidance services. Furthermore, as for the objectives to be achieved from the research we conducted, namely to see the implementation of group guidance services capable of overcoming students' self-prejudiced attitudes at UPT SMP Negeri 27 Medan. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods which are classified into literature study research. The results of the research found in this study are that there are characteristics of students who have bad prejudice, there are factors that influence it, there are efforts to serve them, there are games in the BKP service itself, and it is true that this BKp service is able to overcome the attitude of prejudice in students. student self.
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Khairuddin Tambusai. "Efforts of Council Teacher in Reduce Peer Friends' Bad Prejudice at Madrasah Aliyah Laboratory StudentsiIn State Islamic University of North Sumatera." International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM) 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47006/ijierm.v5i1.203.
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Abstract: The research aims to find out: (1) The condition of peer prejudice towards Madrasah Aliyah Laboratory (MAL)students at State Islamic University (UIN) North Sumatra and (2) The efforts of counseling teachers in reducing prejudice against MAL students at UIN North Sumatra. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, research data collection is carried out by utilizing observation, interviews, and document review. The steps taken in analyzing the data are by compiling data, connecting data, reducing, presenting data then concluding. Through this research it was found that: (1) The occurrence of prejudice among peer students at MAL UIN-SU Medan was due to errors in reading incorrectly, responding incorrectly, hearing incorrectly, misunderstood, misunderstood, and misunderstood. The conclusions that arise from these mistakes will lead to unfavorable prejudices about something or someone. Among students also there is such a thing. Errors in various matters, as stated above, will create prejudice against his friends, even though this does not actually happen. (2) The efforts of the counseling teacher in reducing the occurrence of prejudice among MAL students at UIN North Sumatra. As for the forms of prejudice that occur among MAL students at UIN North Sumatra Medan, in the observations of researchers, there are several kinds. There are in the form of judging wrongly, staying away or not wanting to approach, bullying, physical harm and slander. All of these forms of prejudice will have a negative impact on students, and (3) The efforts made by the counseling teacher MAL UIN North Sumatra Medan teacher in reducing the occurrence of prejudice among their friends are by carrying out various activities aimed at reducing bad prejudice. At least two approaches have been taken. First by giving an example to each student that prejudice should not occur and showing the various negative consequences it causes. Second, by providing services that has been required in the counseling teacher.
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Kinder, Donald R., and Timothy J. Ryan. "Prejudice and Politics Re-Examined The Political Significance of Implicit Racial Bias." Political Science Research and Methods 5, no. 2 (September 24, 2015): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2015.49.
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As part of a general inquiry into mental mechanisms that operate outside conscious awareness, experimental psychology has recently established the presence and importance of “implicit attitudes.” The purpose of our paper is to compare the roles played by implicit and explicit prejudice in politics. Relying on two national surveys of the American electorate that included standard measures of implicit and explicit prejudice, we provide a systematic comparison of prejudice’s political effects: for the candidates Americans choose, the policies they favor, the assessments they make of government performance, and the racialized information they absorb. We find that implicit and explicit prejudice provide radically different pictures of racial politics in America.