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1

Bortolussi, Claudia. "Dosimetric dating techniques applied to desert prehistoric pottery." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423366.

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Archaeological sites in arid and semi-arid environments have mostly suffered from strong erosion that results in the removal of the anthropic deposits incorporating artifacts produced and discarded by human beings. Artifacts, after this process, accumulate on the surface representing the only witness of human activities. The principal issue for an archaeologist, in this context, is establishing which moment in the past these artifacts had been produced by human beings to be able, afterwards, to try inferring on more general aspects of the economic and social sphere. Thermoluminescence has been used in different occasion in Saharan Africa for dating fragments of pottery found in surface contexts, disturbed ones or where nothing else could be used to apply the more common radiocarbon dating technique. The results have always been highly debated as they usual appeared incongruent and problems inherent to the thermoluminescence technique itself not entirely tackled. It seemed, for this reason, appropriate to resume work on this technique as well as to compare different protocols (Multiple Aliquot Additive Dose, MAAD and Single Aliquot Regenerative dose, SAR) of dating techniques for the measurement of prehistoric pottery coming from a desert environment. These methods are based on the accumulation of charges in the defects present in crystals of some minerals, like quartz, as a consequence of the natural radioactivity. The number of defect centers depends on the time elapsed form the starting moment of the irradiation, thus the radiation dose absorbed by the materials is directly proportional to the age of the potsherd. The techniques of luminescence (TL: Thermoluminescence, OSL: Optically Stimulated Luminescence) and of EPR spectrometry (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) are methods of dosimetric dating and have been applied in this work with different aims. In the case of luminescence, the goal was to select a protocol in order to obtain the highest precision. In fact, the dating of prehistoric pottery by luminescence is generally affected by a substantial error if compared to other methods. On the other hand, while the radiocarbon technique is more precise but applicable only to the organic material found together with the potsherd, the luminescence analyzes the intrinsic characteristics of the material. Moreover, the majority of the potsherds found in desert environments undergo erosive processes that irreparably alter the stratigraphy. In these situations where is not possible to collect information about the relative chronology, the dating by luminescence allows a first chronological framework. For this reason the research work was focused on the optimization of the experimental protocols to reduce the error associated to the results. In the case of EPR spectrometry, the goal was to evaluate its potential as a method for dating recent materials as pottery. EPR spectrometry is in fact widely used in geology and paleontology, but its application in archaeology is still experimental. An important advantage of EPR is the repeatability of the measurements, because the spectrum acquisition does not reset the signal as occurs in the luminescence procedure. The employ of the pulsed technique (EchoEPR) allowed isolating the signals of the defects induced by the irradiation that are not visible with the traditional method of continuous wave (CW EPR) due to the strong signal of iron present in all the potsherds. The study is also supported by a petrographic characterization of the materials, with particular attention for grain size inclusion, a parameter that was demonstrated to be crucial for the dosimetry. The potsherds analyzed for this project were selected on the basis of their provenance from an undisturbed stratigraphy, as well as for the simple ceramic fabrics. They have a limited typology of inclusions, thus minimizing variables which could negatively influence dosimetric studies. Samples come from the 16D5 site at Al Khiday (Omdurman, central Sudan), excavated by the Italian archaeological mission directed by D. Usai and co-directed by S. Salvatori (Centro Studi Sudanesi e Sub-Sahariani and Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente). The site presents a rare case in a semi-desert environment of a preserved stratigraphy. The selected samples come from radiocarbon dated stratigraphic units, whose determinations are a necessary reference for the comparison with the experimental results. Moreover, the high quartz content characterizing these potsherds is a suitable feature for applying dosimetric dating techniques. The luminescence dating was performed at the Archaeometry Laboratory at the Department of Material Sciences of the University of Milan Bicocca; the study by EPR spectroscopy and the petrographic analysis at the University of Padua, at the Departments of Chemical Sciences and Geosciences respectively.
I siti archeologici in ambienti aridi e semi-aridi sono soggetti ad una forte erosione che comporta la rimozione dei depositi antropici in cui si trovano i manufatti prodotti e scartati dall’uomo. I reperti si trovano perciò in superficie, privi di stratigrafia, come unica testimonianza dell’attività umana. In questo contesto, la questione principale che un archeologo deve affrontare è stabilire in quale momento del passato tali manufatti siano stati prodotti, per poter poi essere in grado di ricavare informazioni generali legate alla sfera economica e sociale. In diverse occasioni si è ricorsi alla termoluminescenza per la datazione di materiali provenienti dall’Africa sahariana. Si tratta di ceramica rinvenuta in superficie, in contesti disturbati o in assenza di condizioni ideali per l’impiego di altre tecniche, come la più comune datazione al radiocarbonio. I risultati sono sempre stati molto discussi e spesso considerati incongruenti, ma le problematiche relative alla tecnica non sono state affrontate pienamente. Per questo motivo si è considerato di primaria importanza approfondire le tematiche legate a questa tecnica, in particolare con il confronto di diversi protocolli di misura (Multiple Aliquot Additive Dose, MAAD e Single Aliquot Regenerative dose, SAR) con diversi metodi dosimetrici finalizzati alla datazione di ceramica preistorica proveniente da ambiente desertico. Questi metodi si basano sull’accumulo di cariche nei difetti presenti nei cristalli di alcuni minerali (come ad esempio il quarzo) per effetto della radioattività naturale. Il numero dei centri difettivi dipende dal tempo trascorso dall’inizio dell’irraggiamento, perciò la dose di radiazione assorbita dai materiali è direttamente proporzionale all’età del reperto ceramico. Le tecniche di luminescenza (TL: Thermoluminescence, OSL: Optically Stimulated Luminescence) e la spettroscopia EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) sono metodi di datazione dosimetrica e sono qui impiegati con diversi scopi. Nel caso della luminescenza, si tratta di individuare un protocollo di misura che consenta di ottenere la maggiore precisione possibile. Infatti, la datazione di materiale ceramico preistorico mediante luminescenza è affetta in genere da un elevato errore rispetto ad altri metodi. Tuttavia, rispetto alla tecnica del radiocarbonio che è più precisa, ma applicabile solo a sostanze organiche trovate in associazione al reperto, analizza caratteristiche intrinseche del materiale. Inoltre, i materiali rinvenuti in ambiente desertico sono nella maggior parte affetti da processi erosivi che disturbano irrimediabilmente la stratigrafia. In tali situazioni di mancanza di caratteri utili alla costruzione di cronologie relative, la datazione con le tecniche di luminescenza fornisce un primo inquadramento cronologico. Per questo motivo il lavoro di ricerca mira all’ottimizzazione dei protocolli sperimentali per ridurre l’errore associato alle datazioni. Nel caso della spettroscopia EPR, invece, l’obiettivo è quello di valutarne le potenzialità applicative per la datazione di un materiale recente come la ceramica. La spettroscopia EPR è utilizzata ampiamente in campo geologico e paleontologico, ma è ancora in fase sperimentale in archeologia. Un vantaggio notevole dell’EPR è la ripetibilità della misura, poiché l’acquisizione dello spettro non comporta la cancellazione del segnale, che invece viene azzerato dalla procedura di datazione con la luminescenza. L’impiego della tecnica impulsata (EchoEPR) ha permesso di isolare i segnali dei difetti indotti da irraggiamento, che con il metodo tradizionale in onda continua (CW EPR) non sono visibili a causa del forte segnale del ferro contenuto in tutte le ceramiche. Lo studio è anche supportato da una caratterizzazione petrografica dei materiali, con particolare attenzione per la granulometria, che si è rivelata un parametro importante per lo studio dosimetrico. Le ceramiche analizzate in questo progetto sono state selezionate per l’appartenenza ad una serie stratigrafica non disturbata, nonché per la semplicità degli impasti. Questi infatti hanno un numero molto limitato di tipologie di inclusi, minimizzando eventuali variabili che influiscono negativamente sullo studio dosimetrico. I materiali ceramici provengono dal sito 16D5 di Al Khiday (Omdurman, Sudan centrale), scavato dalla missione archeologica italiana diretta dalla dott.sa D. Usai e co-diretta dal dott. S. Salvatori (Centro Studi Sudanesi e Sub-Sahariani ed Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente). Il sito rappresenta un raro caso di stratigrafia preservata in ambiente desertico. I materiali qui analizzati provengono da unità stratigrafiche datate al radiocarbonio, le cui età rappresentano un necessario ed assoluto riferimento per il confronto dei risultati sperimentali. Inoltre, l’elevato contenuto in quarzo che caratterizza questi campioni li rende particolarmente adatti per testare le tecniche di datazione dosimetrica. La datazione con le tecniche di luminescenza è stata realizzata presso il laboratorio di Archeometria del Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materiali dell’Università di Milano Bicocca; lo studio con Risonanza di Spin Elettronico e la caratterizzazione petrografica presso l’Università di Padova rispettivamente nei dipartimenti di Scienze Chimiche e Geoscienze.
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2

Naschinski, Anja. "Möglichkeiten und Grenzen funktionaler Interpretation an Keramik : Experimente, Beobachtungen, Analysen /." Oxford : British Archaeological Reports, 2001. http://books.google.com/books?id=YSVmAAAAMAAJ.

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3

Feathers, James K. "Explaining the evolution of prehistoric ceramics in southeastern Missouri /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6542.

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4

Harrad, Lucy. "The production and trade of prehistoric ceramics in Cornwall." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289013.

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5

Curtis, Jenneth Elizabeth. "Processes of cultural change : ceramics and interaction across the Middle to Late Woodland transition in south-central Ontario." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=80112&T=F.

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6

Heidkamp, Blair. "Spinning through Time: An Analysis of Pottery Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Early Bronze I Spindle Whorl Assemblages from the Southern Levant." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535374272535722.

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7

Topping, P. G. "The pottery of the later prehistoric period in the Western Isles of Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354213.

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8

Bouthillier, Christina. "A 'peripheral' place in a 'dark' age : the Iron Age ceramics of Cilicia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648291.

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9

Drown, Ashley L. "More than Just a Pot: An In-Depth Look into the Invention, Technology, Use and Social Functions of Prehistoric Pottery Vessels." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1273803801.

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10

Kennedy, Jason R. "Terminal Ubaid ceramics at Yenice Yani implications for terminal Ubaid organization of labor and commensality /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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11

Dennis, Samantha Jo. "Use of experimental archaeology to examine and interpret Pre-Pottery Neolithic architecture : a case study of Beidha in southern Jordan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5803.

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Many significant cultural transitions, including the beginnings of sedentism, domestication, and farming, are thought to have taken place during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) in southern Jordan. The settlement sites of this period (often referred to as the first villages) are rich in architectural remains, and this evidence is frequently used to support hypotheses on the degree of sedentism and how societies were structured. This research reexamines these issues through the construction, maintenance, destruction and decay of four experimental reconstructions built between 2001 and 2006 at the PPNB site of Beidha. The results of the experiments provide a more intimate understanding of PPNB architecture, including prehistoric construction methods and techniques, maintenance costs, spatial organisation, and post-abandonment events. The results also contributed to the conservation and presentation of early prehistoric sites to the public.
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Connaughton, Sean P. "Onset of pottery in the subsistence economy of prehistoric hunter-gatherers of the St. Johns River Valley." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004864.

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13

Castro, Gessner Ana Gabriela. "The technology of learning painting practices of early Mesopotamian communities of the 6th millennium, B.C. /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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14

Mackowiak, de Antczak Maria Magdalena. "Idols in exile : making sense of prehistoric human pottery figurines from Dos Mosquises Island, Los Roques archipelago, Venezuela." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1360345/.

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This dissertation examines the `social reality' of the prehistoric figurines recovered on the tiny coral island of Dos Mosquises, located off the Venezuelan coast. There, over three hundred figurine specimens altogether with numerous other items of material culture were recovered by the author during systematic excavations. The site was interpreted as a temporary camp where Queen Conch (Strombus gigas), turtle, fish, birds and salt were processed/consumed, between ad. 1300 and 1500. The vast majority of the artefacts, including figurines, were not local products, but related to the Valencia culture from the north-central Venezuela mainland. In South America and the Caribbean, prehistoric figurines are traditionally approached as objects of ancient art or cult, or as typological devices. I reject both the a priori assumptions of figurine meaning/function that neglect the particular socio-historical contexts of their creation/use, and the epiphenomenological approach to these artefacts. Drawing from Social Theory, Material Culture Studies, Contextual Archaeology, Sociology of Knowledge and some traditional procedures of artefact analysis, I generate an `integrative' approach that combines analyses of the form (the object and its image), context (archaeological and social) and content (subject matter and signifying practice). In the analytical framework used in this dissertation, the figurine is regarded not as a mute product of a past culture, but as an `actor' that participated in the negotiation of complex social strategies in late prehistoric north Venezuela. The fact that the island figurines were produced on the mainland has direct influence on the structure of this research, demanding analysis of all available mainland material and its contexts. In consequence, `bricks' for the construction of the social reality of the Dos Mosquises figurines have been sought on the mainland. I interpret mainland specimens as metaphors of the social control of elder women over their younger female kin, as a strategy used in alliance building. The (re)constructed social context of the Dos Mosquises site suggests that it was largely occupied by adult and adolescent males. The confrontation of the archaeological and social contexts, types and images of mainland and island specimens, resulted in the disclosure of the polyvalent, context-dependent roles of the Valencioid figurines. Some of the island specimens indicate use in ritual activities and as burial furniture. Their social roles were essential to sustaining everyday life at the DM site by suppressing the threats of supernatural powers related to the marine environment and its creatures. Although specific interpretations are discussed in this study, its primary contribution lies rather in the methods developed to address questions regarding the social reality of prehistoric figurines. The emphasis is put on systematic and controlled ways of working `between or around data and theory', so that diverse sources of data can be put together to explore the meaningful connections that may link them within the overall humanistic approach. It is anticipated that the open-ended nature of this research will indicate paths for further inquiry and stimulate future research on the figurines and other material culture in north-central Venezuela.
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15

Van, Keuren Scott. "Judging the Mark of an Individual: An Investigation of Design Variation in Prehistoric Pottery from Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/110953.

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Archaeological research on ceramic styles has become a mainstay of archaeological investigation wherever collections are available. This trend has gained momentum in recent decades as traditional applications (e.g., dating sites and identifying patterns of regional interaction) have gradually been eclipsed by more dynamic explorations of style as "nonverbal" communication. Despite this positive course of research, recent essays (e.g., articles in Conkey and Hastorf 1990, Hegmon 1992) have noted the unchecked variability manifest in the methodologies and interpretations offered in the literature on this subject. Indeed, with no "unified" theory of style, researchers are free to define style and its meaning (at any level) however they prefer, and often they do so on the basis of unsound assumptions concerning the seemingly inaccessible, multifarious operation of style in prehistoric communities. The present study seeks to explore an alternative method for the study of ceramic styles, focusing on objectively delimited design structures as revealed by aspects of "sub-design" variability. A collection of late prehistoric decorated ceramics from eastern Arizona are used as a preliminary case study to investigate variation in design structure patterns between multiple production centers. En route to a more "unified" approach to style in prehistory, this essay attempts to provide an alternative, less subjective means of reconstructing prehistoric cognitive processes and relating these to meaningful correlates in sociocultural organization and interaction.
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Coolidge, J. W. "Southern Turkmenistan in the Neolithic a petrographic case study /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2005. http://books.google.com/books?id=BjVmAAAAMAAJ.

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17

Birnbaum, David. "Ceramic Technology and Cultural Identity in the Fox Lake Sanctuary, Brevard County, Florida." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1535.

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Conventions of Culture-Historical archaeology have persisted in Florida's Indian River Region since the early twentieth century. Traditional ceramic typologies focusing on the superficial stylistic characteristics of pottery have dominated anthropological assessments of Indian River culture during the prehistoric Malabar Period (ca. 1000 BC-AD 1565). Using a practice-oriented approach to analyze technological attributes of St. Johns pottery from Malabar-period assemblages offers an opportunity to examine the communities of practice surrounding craft production as an avenue for elucidating prehistoric cultural identities. This study explores ceramic technology within the Malabar period assemblages of the Fox Lake Sanctuary, and intra-regional and inter-regional site comparisons are quantitatively tested to evaluate variation in technological attributes between assemblages. Statistical results suggest a differentiation between certain technological attributes of St. Johns pottery in Malabar and St. Johns assemblages, notably in the rim thickness and lip morphology of simple form St. Johns Plain vessels.
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18

Gregory, Teresa L. "Traces of Existence: Evidence of Prehistoric Populations in the Cibola National Forest of New Mexico." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626248.

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Is there more we can learn about the movement of prehistoric Puebloan people during the A.D. 900–1400 time period? In those moments of time when small groups of people dispersed across the landscape and formed aggregated communities. Some of the answers lie in the generally understudied landscape of the federally protected Cibola National Forest in west-central New Mexico. This area is on the eastern periphery of a well-documented Zuni region, and preliminary archaeological site data revealed the potential to further that knowledge. During a 10-day pedestrian survey, 42 archaeological sites containing a variety of traditional Zuni and local Lion Mountain pottery types were recorded. The presence of these Puebloan peoples was confirmed through analysis of the ceramics using the accepted Stanley South Mean Ceramic Dating techniques. Patterns of site locations dating from the Pueblo II to Pueblo IV time period were evaluated using ESRI ArcGIS mapping software. Specific data analysis including nearest neighbor, euclidean distance, and least cost analysis were used to relate the archaeological sites to each other and to the Pueblo communities in the southwest. This recently discovered settlement area near Lion Mountain revealed remnants of past Zuni populations and is further evidence of the expansion of these prehistoric peoples. The pottery shreds discovered at those sites, along with the architecture and specific kiva types, links the distinctive aggregated Zuni and Lion Mountain Communities together and allows for further investigations to explore settlement organization, exchange networks, and a facet of other archaeological questions.
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19

Dean, Patricia Anne 1945. "Prehistoric pottery in the northeastern Great Basin : problems in the classification and archaeological interpretation of undecorated Fremont and Shoshoni wares." Thesis, University of Oregon, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11793.

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xiii, 248 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E98.P8 D43 1992
The current interpretation of post-Archaic culture history in the northeastern Great Basin is that the Great Salt Lake regional variant of the Fremont culture arose from an Archaic base and is distinguished by two types of unpainted pottery, Great Salt Lake Gray and Promontory Gray. Seen as ethnically unrelated to the Fremont, the subsequent Shoshoni culture is marked by one type of unpainted pottery, Shoshoni Ware. These types are said to be characterized by distinct combinations of attributes, but close examination reveals that what these combinations are, and how they distinguish each type, has not been clearly described in the archeological literature. In this study, I re-analyze fragments of undecorated pottery previously classified as Great Salt Lake Gray, Promontory Gray, and Shoshoni Ware. Through rigorous and replicable methods, five major attributes found in every sherd are examined: wall thickness, exterior surface color, temper material, temper size, and technique of vessel shaping. This analysis showed that previous identifications of pottery attributes were partially or entirely erroneous. Every attribute measured demonstrated the same essential pattern: Great Salt Lake Gray had a wide range of variation, and Promontory Gray and Shoshoni Ware fell within this range. Further, except for one form of temper material, Promontory Gray and Shoshoni Ware shared the same attributes with one another. Ethnographic evidence is also presented that links late prehistoric pottery to that of the historic Shoshoni, confirming a single unbroken pottery tradition in the Great Salt Lake region. I conclude that the evidence of this study does not support the concept of two unrelated pottery traditions (Fremont and Shoshoni) in the Great Salt Lake region. Based on this work, much of the traditionally conceived post-Archaic culture history of this region must be reevaluated.
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20

West, Steven Michael 1962. "Temper, thermal shock and cooking pots: A study of tempering materials and their physical significance in prehistoric and traditional cooking pottery." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291609.

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Prehistoric and traditional ceramics contain a wide range of tempers (non-plastic inclusions), including sand, sherd (grog), sponge spicules, phytoliths (siliceous bark ash), diatomite, organic fibers, shell, calcite, mica and asbestos. The use of these materials in traditional and archaeological ceramics and their association with cooking pottery and thermal shock resistance are examined. The thermal shock parameters that are relevant to low-fired ceramics are identified and tested. The primary factor in the thermal shock resistance is identified as fracture toughness. By increasing the amount and size range of temper additions, and by selecting tempers that are platy and fibrous, fracture toughness can be enhanced. Secondary factors include porosity, thermal expansion and relative strength. These parameters are tested employing fracture energy and thermal expansion measurements, and quench tests.
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21

Bücke, Silvia. "Siedlungsfunde der jüngeren vorrömischen Eisenzeit aus Hamburg-Volksdorf." Rahden/Westf. Leidorf, 2007. http://www.vml.de/d/detail.php?ISBN=978-3-89646-373-9.

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22

Stoner, Wesley Durrell. "COARSE ORANGE POTTERY EXCHANGE IN SOUTHERN VERACRUZ: A COMPOSITIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON CENTRALIZED CRAFT PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE IN THE CLASSIC PERIOD." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2002. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyanth2002t00066/Stoner%5Fthesis2002.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kentucky, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 171 p. : ill. ; maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-169).
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23

Patton, Paul E. "A PROCESSUAL APPROACH TO HOCKING VALLEY, OHIO, PREHISTORIC CERAMICS USING EDX AND XRD ANALYSIS." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180051803.

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24

Triplett, Andrew Mickens. "A STUDY OF THE CHRONOLOGICAL PLACEMENT OF SELECTED MISSISSIPPIAN-PERIOD OCCUPATIONS WITHIN THE ACKERMAN UNIT OF THE TOMBIGBEE NATIONAL FOREST." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07142008-071228/.

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The timing of Mississippian-period occupations in the North Central Hills physiographic region of Mississippi has been debated. Some researchers believe they occurred in conjunction with Late Woodland period occupations during the Early Mississippian period, while others assert they were later, in either the Late Mississippian or early Protohistoric periods. A program of systematic shovel testing, excavation and frequency seriation was used to delineate Mississippian-period occupations and test the cultural lineage between them and Late Woodland period occupations at nine sites on the Ackerman Unit of the Tombigbee National Forest.
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25

Ro, Hyuk Jin. "Prehistoric and protohistoric sociocultural development in the North Han River region of Korea." Thesis, University of Oregon, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11766.

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xvi, 341 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT GN855.K6 R6 1997
The primary purpose of this dissertation is to reconstruct sociocultural development in the North Han River Valley in Korea during the prehistoric and proto historic periods ( ca 6000 B .C.-A.D. 300). Based on theoretical ideas about the close relationship between cultural behavior and the natural environment as well as synthetical observation of archaeological data in the North Han River Valley, I have proposed the following testable hypothesis in regard to 'sociocultural development in the North Han River Valley : that its unique ecosystem brought about a subsistence pattern unique to the region. The North Han River Valley's specific geographical formation, connected with the Lower Han River Basin by way of the river system, brought it under the crucial influence of the latter's more advanced cultural elements. The circumscribed environment derived from the distinctively developed geomophological formation of the North Han River Valley influenced autochthonous sociocultural development in the region. Enumerating the most basic factors, the affluent riverine resources of the Valley enabled Chiilmun period inhabitants be heavily dependent on riverine fishing supplemented by the hunting and gathering of wild vegetation. Riverine fishing as well as hunting and gathering richly supplemented the agrarian economy which became dominant in the Valley after the appearance ofMumun people in later prehistoric times. Due to population saturation of limited arable lands, Mumun agrarian people became increasingly circumscribed and could not evolve into a state-level society. In association with this factor, the geographical proximity of the Valley to the Lower Han River inevitably brought it under the influence of advanced cultures emerging in the Lower Han River Basin. This process, which began in the later Mumun period, actually has continued to the present, passing through the protohistoric State Formation period and Paekche kingdom.
Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Song Nai Rhee; Dr. William S. Ayres; Dr. William G. Loy; Dr. Philip Young
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Bonfield, Katherine Mary. "The analysis and interpretation of lipid residues associated with prehistoric pottery : pitfalls and potential : a study by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of organic residues from Neolithic and later pottery from sites on the island of Sanday, Orkney, U.K." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531656.

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This study applies the techniques of Gas Chromatography and combined Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectromctry to residues on prehistoric pottery assemblages from recent excavations on Sanday, Orkney. The site of Pool provides a well stratified Neolithic assemblage, spanning the problematical transition from "Unstan" to "Grooved Ware". However, the poor preservation of pottery and organics at the site raises issues of the survival of lipid residues in such pottery, and the specific problems of their analysis. This study shows that lipid residues do survive in such material, although it was not possible to identify the origin of most residues due to poor preservation, contamination, and the lack of detailed studies simulating the degradation of archaeological lipids. Although the practical problems associated with analysing such poorly preserved lipid residues prevented detailed conclusions being drawn about patterns of vessel use, changes in such use over time, or the exploitation of specific natural resources by prehistoric communities in the Orkneys, more limited conclusions were possible. This investigation therefore examines the relationship between visible carbonised deposits and residues absorbed into the fabric of the pot, the chemical composition of residues arising from non-food sources. such as sooting, and the possibility of identifying foods such as plants which are poorly represented in the archaeological record by identification of residues as plant waxes. The results of the residue analysis tend to confirm that the "Grooved Ware" assemblage from Pool was domestic in character, with no evidence for the use of specific types of pot for particular purposes. No firm identifications of the origin of lipid residues were achieved, but the suggestion that one or more residues may represent degraded dairy products, either used as food or possibly as a sealant for porous vessels, demands further investigation. The chemical analysis of trace quantities of organic materials preserved in archaeological contexts has developed greatly over recent years, as modern sophisticated techniques derived from analytical chemistry and biochemistry have been applied to such remains. However, there has been little critical assessment of various aspects of the analysis, including the selection of samples, the effects of differential preservation and contamination, and the methods for identifying the origins of residues. This study aims to consider these issues. In the case of poorly preserved pottery, although lowv levels of surviving lipid and contamination from the burial environment, the excavation process and the analysis caused serious problems in interpreting the residues, the greatest limiting factor in interpretation is the lack of clear understanding of the processes occurring in residues during their formation and during burial.
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Dimc, Nathalie. "Pits, Pots and Prehistoric Fats : A Lipid Food Residue Analysis of Pottery from the Funnel Beaker Culture at Stensborg, and the Pitted Ware Culture from Korsnäs." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64157.

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Investigating Neolithic pottery and vessel use could elucidate the duality between the farming Funnel Beaker Culture and the hunter-gathering Pitted Ware Culture during the Neolithic. The two archaeological groups differ on several accounts that are of great importance when interpreting past societies. However, it is the suggested differential subsistence economies that are of specific interest for this particular investigation. A comparative study based on the absorbed fatty acids in the ceramic material from two different Neolithic sites addresses the food cultures of the farming subsistence and the contrasting, contemporary hunter-gatherer society and the differences in resource-use. The investigation argues that food acts as an active social binder, and stress the importance of incorporating this aspect when discussing past cultures. The results of the analyses display difference in vessel use between the two sites as well as an intra-site difference at Korsnäs. It is argued that these differences are indicative of deviating food-cultures and spatial organisation at Korsnäs respectively. These results are combined with the previously conducted osteological analyses and stable isotopic analyses an approach that contribute to a more dynamic understanding of the Neolithic food cultures than what has been available before. Investigating Neolithic pottery and vessel use could elucidate the duality between the farming Funnel Beaker Culture and the hunter-gathering Pitted Ware Culture during the Neolithic. The two archaeological groups differ on several accounts that are of great importance when interpreting past societies. However, it is the suggested differential subsistence economies that are of specific interest for this particular investigation. A comparative study based on the absorbed fatty acids in the ceramic material from two different Neolithic sites addresses the food cultures of the farming subsistence and the contrasting, contemporary hunter-gatherer society and the differences in resource-use. The investigation argues that food acts as an active social binder, and stress the importance of incorporating this aspect when discussing past cultures. The results of the analyses display difference in vessel use between the two sites as well as an intra-site difference at Korsnäs. It is argued that these differences are indicative of deviating food-cultures and spatial organisation at Korsnäs respectively. These results are combined with the previously conducted osteological analyses and stable isotopic analyses an approach that contribute to a more dynamic understanding of the Neolithic food cultures than what has been available before.
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Wiriyaromp, Warrachai, and n/a. "The neolithic period in Thailand." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080904.111233.

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There are two principal models that purport to interpret the evidence for the origins of the Neolithic period in Thailand. Both stress the importance of rice cultivation and the domestication of a range of animals. One incorporates archaeological and linguistic evidence in identifying the origins as the result of the diffusion of farming communities into Southeast Asia and India from a source in the Yangtze River valley. The alternative stresses a local evolutionary pathway whereby indigenous hunter-gatherers began to cultivate rice within Thailand. This dissertation is centred on the results of the excavation of Ban Non Wat, in the Upper Mun Valley of Northeast Thailand. This has provided one of the largest, best dated and provenanced samples of occupation and mortuary remains of a Neolithic community so far available in Southeast Asia. Its principal objective is to define the motifs incised, impressed and painted onto the surface of ceramic mortuary vessels, in order to permit a comparison with other assemblages first in Thailand, then in Southeast Asia north into China. It is held that if there are close parallels over a wide geographic area, in these motifs, then it would support a model of diffusion. If there are not, then the alternative of local origins would need to be examined closely. It is argued that the similarity in motifs, particularly a stylised human figure, between Thai and Vietnamese sites lends support to a common origin for these groups. The motifs are not so obvious when examining the southern Chinese data, although the mode of decoration by painting, incising and impressing recur there. This, in conjunction with mortuary rituals, weaving technology, the domestic dog, and the linguistic evidence, sustains a model for demic diffusion. However, the presence of ceramic vessels also decorated with impressed/incised techniques in maritime hunter-gatherer contexts stresses that the actual Neolithic settlement may have been more complex.
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Ideker, Carlie J. "A Light in the Dark: Luminescence Dating Intermountain Ware Ceramics from Four Archaeological Sites in Northwestern Wyoming." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4917.

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Late Period (<1500 >years), high-altitude (>2600 m asl) archaeological sites in northwestern Wyoming prove difficult to date with traditional methods. The presence of Intermountain Ware ceramics at these sites presents an opportunity to use single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date vessel manufacture. These OSL ages also date site occupation as the vessels’ use-life is encapsulated within the standard error of the technique. This thesis develops a protocol to date quartz temper of Intermountain Ware sherds. Additionally, it investigates potential post-depositional thermal resetting of luminescence signals by wildfires. Ceramic sherd samples were obtained from four sites in northwestern Wyoming: Boulder Ridge, High Rise Village, Caldwell Creek, and Platt. Each site, except Caldwell Creek, has existing radiocarbon ages that provide independent age control. Additionally, all sites except Platt were impacted by past wildfires of varying intensity and consequently provide a test of the thermal resetting capabilities of wildfires.The Platt site is also the only site not located at high altitude and therefore, the sample from this site serves as a control in this study. Luminescence results demonstrate single-grain OSL dating of quartz temper from Intermountain Ware ceramics can provide improved accuracy and precision over radiocarbon dating when sherds are not adversely affected by wildfires. These results underscore the need for cultural resource managers to sample from subsurface contexts when inventorying sites impacted by high-intensity wildfires or to locate and identify sites with strong potential for high-intensity wildfires and date them prior to eventual burning. These results also validate single-grain OSL dating of ceramic temper as a valuable chronometric tool for cultural resource managers and archaeologists seeking to build and refine existing site and regional chronologies.
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30

Smith, Scott Cameron. "Venerable geographies spatial dynamics, religion, and political economy in the prehistoric Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1887557061&sid=1&Fmt=7&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 430-465). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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31

Bebber, Michelle Rae. "UNDERSTANDING TEMPER SELECTION IN THE PREHISTORIC CERAMIC SEQUENCE OF THE SCIOTO RIVER VALLEY, ROSS COUNTY, OHIO (500 B.C. – AD 1400)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1479821741762486.

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32

Johnson, Amy L. "Mounds State Park and the New Castle Site : a ceramic reanalysis." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941728.

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This project was a reanalysis of the prehistoric ceramic collections from two important archaeolegical sites in east central Indiana: Mounds State Park (12-M-2) and the New Castle Site (12-Hn-1). Brief summaries of the two sites and their excavation histories are provided as well as summaries of the various pottery types involved. Specific attention is given to the New Castle Incised type.Previous interpretations regarding the ceramics from the two sties are given, and research from this project has provided new interpretations and information. Specifically, a statistical analysis was conducted, and the results show that the pottery from the two sites was made by peoples of the same culture. However, subtle changes were taking place in the manufacture of the pottery, primarily in the plain sherds.Future research goals are provided and include further excavations at both sites, thermoluminescence dating of sherds and additional study of the plain sherds.
Department of Anthropology
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33

Bong, Sovath. "The ceramic chronology of Angkor Borei, Takeo province, southern Cambodia." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765031411&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233341321&clientId=23440.

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34

Mbida, Christophe. "L'émergence de communautés villageoises au Cameroun méridional: étude archéologique des sites de Nkang et de Ndindan." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212499.

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35

Hermkens, Anna-Karina. "The way of the objects analogical inference and the allocation of meaning and order in Lapita, Dongson and Lake Sentani material culture /." Website, 1997. http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/hermkens/_ma.html.

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36

Burri, Elena. "La céramique du Néolithique moyen : analyse spatiale et histoire des peuplements /." Lausanne : Bibl. Histor. Vaudoise, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016252442&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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37

Smith, Neil G. "Social boundaries and state formation in ancient Edom a comparative ceramic approach /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386655.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 680-736).
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38

Assoko, Ndong Alain. "Archéologie du peuplement holocène de la réserve de faune de la Lopé, Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211727.

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39

Gibson, Alex M. "Prehistoric Pottery in Britain and Ireland." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6357.

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40

Swete, Kelly Mary Clare. "Prehistoric social interaction and the evidence of pottery in the Northern Phillippines." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150432.

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41

FORTE, VANESSA. "Tecnologia e funzione nella produzione ceramica eneolitica del territorio di Roma: casi studio, problemi e potenzialità della ricerca." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/918491.

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This research focuses on the domestic pottery production related to the Chalcolithic settlements of Tor Pagnotta, Casetta Mistici, Osteria del Curato-Via Cinquefrondi, Torre della Chiesaccia and Valle dei Morti. All of the analysed contexts are located South of Rome and are chronologically dated between the half of the IV and the end of the III millennium B.C. The settlements analysed in this research play a major role in the understanding of the occupation of this area, such densely populated during the prehistoric period and geographically limited between the Tiber river, the Aniene river and the Colli Albani volcano. This study aims to reconstruct the technological and functional choices involved in the pottery production in order to define and highlight patterns of continuity or discontinuity, which are useful to investigate the occupation dynamics of the area. The localization of the settlements (very near one to each other) allows to develop the research both over a synchronic and a diachronic perspective, identifying differences and similarities between contemporary productions and in a diachronic perspective, underlying transformations happening over time within different cultural traditions. This research falls into a moment where studies focused on the function of prehistoric productions are mostly related to tools made of other types of materials (e.g flint, hard animal materials etc) than pottery, which has rarely been taken in consideration from this point of view. So far, the few use wear analyses performed on pottery, focused on the reconstruction of the vessels’ use, not taking into consideration its technology, intended as production techniques, not allowing the development of a universal terminology or a specific methodological approach. For these reasons this research proposes a methodological framework comprising an integrated approach of wear analysis and experimentation, which allowed to produce relevant data on this matter. The methodology here presented allows a detailed examination of a pottery production based upon the decomposition of the vessel. Starting with the compositional analysis of clay pastes (petrographic analysis on thin sections, XRF) it was possible to reconstruct the sourcing strategies, locate the clay sources exploited in the area and define clay recipes. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the vessel construction and pottery firing techniques was performed. A major role in this research is played by the analysis of the samples under a microscope, applying a low power approach, and by a dedicated experimental framework that allowed to study and define the modeling techniques, surface treatments, decorations techniques, along with the exploited tools, in order to reconstruct the involved gestures, which are only hypothesised trough the study of traditional contexts. Trough this approach it is possible to take the whole aspects of a pottery production such as the choices that distinguish individual traditions and the manufacturing features allowing to define the figure of “the potter” or his role in a prehistoric community highlighting possible forms of craft specialization. Moreover, from the application of this methodology it emerged that it is not possible separate the study of technological choices from the use, as every vessel is produced to be used. For this reason technological features, as modeling and surface treatments and the choice of clay pastes are studied in relation to the functional requirements, with an integrate approach involving microscope observations, residue analysis and experimentation, focused on the definition of the actual use of a pottery vessel.
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42

Roeglin, Lauren. "An analysis of surface and subsurface ceramics in relation to formation processes at the archaeological site of Pirque Alto (CP-11) in Cochabamba, Bolivia /." 2009. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/38635.

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43

Heron, Carl P., E. Anderson, Ollie E. Craig, S. H. Forster, and Ben Stern. "Molecular and isotopic demonstration of the processing of aquatic products in northern European prehistoric pottery." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2939.

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A number of charred surface residues, adhering to ceramic containers, were obtained from various coastal and inland sites in north-west Europe dating from the sixth to the fourth millennium cal bc. In order to investigate the use of these vessels and in particular to identify any marine products, the residues were subjected to carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Variation in carbon isotope ratios between different samples indicated that some vessels may have been used to process marine products. This analysis was corroborated by specific identification of aquatic products following structural and isotopic characterization of lipids extracted from selected samples.
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44

Craig, O. E., M. Forster, S. H. Andersen, E. Koch, P. Crombé, N. J. Milner, Ben Stern, G. N. Bailey, and Carl P. Heron. "Molecular and isotopic demonstration of the processing of aquatic products in northern European prehistoric pottery." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4796.

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No
A number of charred surface residues, adhering to ceramic containers, were obtained from various coastal and inland sites in north-west Europe dating from the sixth to the fourth millennium cal bc. In order to investigate the use of these vessels and in particular to identify any marine products, the residues were subjected to carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Variation in carbon isotope ratios between different samples indicated that some vessels may have been used to process marine products. This analysis was corroborated by specific identification of aquatic products following structural and isotopic characterization of lipids extracted from selected samples.
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45

Arifin, Karina. "Social aspects of pottery manufacture in Boera, Papua New Guinea." Master's thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116886.

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The prehistoric and historic indigenous pottery traditions of Papua New Guinea have been studied in considerable detail. From ethnographic records it is known that pottery was made in certain, mainly lowland, localities. These include many villages along the north coast from Sepik Province to Milne Bay, a few villages on the south eastern coast; many inland villages in Sepik and Madang Provinces; and a very few villages in the Eastern Highlands. In the islands pottery was made in some villages on the islands of Milne Bay Province, on Buka Island, and elsewhere in the North Solomons (May and Tuckson 1982: 12). In many of these villages pottery has now declined or even vanished since people prefer aluminium pans which are often cheaper and last longer, rather than earthenware pots (May and Tuckson, 1982).
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46

Sarjeant, Carmen Kay. "The role of potters at neolithic An S{u1ECF}n, southern Vietnam." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150931.

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This thesis explores the ceramic assemblage from the mound site of An S{u1ECF}n, Long An Province, southern Vietnam. Excavated in 2009, the site has been dated to the second millennium BC, with evidence for neolithic occupation and burials. Very little is known about the neolithic period in southern Vietnam, and the routes and chronology for the appearance of cultivation, domestic animals, and ceramic and lithic technologies associated with sedentary settlements in mainland Southeast Asia are still debated. The ways in which the ceramic material culture at An S{u1ECF}n conforms to the wider neolithic expression observed in Southeast Asia were investigated, and local and regional innovations were identified in this research. The An S{u1ECF}n ceramic assemblage was characterised according to form, decoration and fabric in order to establish a sequence of ceramic forms and decoration, and to interpret the functions of the forms in ritualistic and domestic settings. The fabrics were analysed with scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDX). This was followed by a study of the degree of standardisation of specific forms in order to identify the mental templates for their manufacture. Contextualising the neolithic in southern Vietnam was conducted through a comparative study of material culture between An S{u1ECF}n and the sites of B{u00EA}n {u0110}{u00F2}, B{u00EC}nh {u0110}a, C{u00F9} Lao R{u00F9}a, C{u00E1}i V{u1EA1}n, C{u0203}u S{u1EAF}t, {u0110}a Kai, {u0110}{u00EC}nh {u020E}ng, L{u1ED9}c Giang, R{u1EA1}ch L{u00E1}, R{u1EA1}ch N{u00FA}i and Su{u00F4}i Linh, all in southern Vietnam. The results indicated there were two main groups of sites, one along the V{u00E0}m C{u00F2} {u00D0}{u00F4}ng River, including An S{u1ECF}n, and another along the {u00D0}{u00F4}ng Nai River. Another analysis was carried out to contextualise An S{u1ECF}n in the wider neolithic landscape of mainland Southeast Asia, between An S{u1ECF}n and Ban Non Wat, early Ban Lum Khao, early Ban Chiang, early Non Nok Tha, Khok Charoen, Tha Kae, Khok Phanom Di, Nong Nor (phase 1), Samrong Sen, Laang Spean, Krek, B{u00E0}u Tr{u00F3}, M{u00E1}n B{u1EA1}c and X{u00F3}m Ren. Aspects of material culture at An S{u1ECF}n appear to have ancestral links to distant localities in northeast and central Thailand. There were specific parallels between Nong Nor (phase 1), Krek and An S{u1ECF}n, however the analysis indicated there was ongoing interaction between southern Vietnam and southeastern Cambodia. The initial occupation of An S{u1ECF}n incorporated a small variety of ceramic vessel forms, and there was a rapid introduction of fibre tempering and new forms to the repertoire soon after settlement. The use of fibre temper appeared simultaneously with evidence for domestic animals and the appearance of local ceramic forms, including distinctive wavy rimmed bowls. The assemblage expanded quickly and a community of potters established mental templates for specific forms in terms of morphological, decorative and fabric choices, indicating a long-lasting An S{u1ECF}n ceramic tradition. The potters both recalled the past through continuing adherence to widespread neolithic ceramic traditions, and at the same time invested in new traditions that reaffirmed local identity.
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47

Heier, Robin. "The Woodland occupation of the Lower Sand Lake Site (47Lc45-1), La Crosse, Wisconsin /." 2009. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/37570.

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48

Květinová, Sylvie. "Materiální kultura jako nositel sociálně-politické organizace: Keramika kultury Chimú." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299551.

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The Chimu culture developed on the North Pacific coast of today's Peru in the so-called Late Intermediate Period, i.e. approximately AD 1000 - 1476, after which it was dominated by the Inca. Brief characterization of the Chimu culture, supported by ethnohistorical and archaeological sources, is followed by description of its crafts, especially ceramic technology, morphology and iconography. Artifacts, i.e. object used, modified or made by people, may serve apart from practical also social and symbolic roles. Based on the theoretical background of evolution of power and society, different approaches to the study of artifacts' function, specialization, exchange and social complexity are outlined and tested on the Chimu pottery assemblage from the Ethnologisches Museum in Berlin. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the 1832 available ceramic vessels, lacking the contextual find information, had to focus solely on the formal aspects of the specimens. Interpretation of the obtained results disproves primary position of pottery as means of social - political organization in the Chimu and Chimu-Inca societies (occupied by fine textiles and metal items), but still points out certain non-utilitarian aspects of both Chimu and Chimu - Inca styled pottery which probably represented a secondary socio -...
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49

Heron, Carl P., and O. E. Craig. "Aquatic Resources in Foodcrusts: Identification and Implication." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9355.

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Foodcrusts, the charred surface deposits on pottery vessel surfaces, provide a rich source of data regarding container function. This article reviews recent applications focusing on the detection of aquatic resources (marine and freshwater) in pottery vessels using a range of analytical approaches including bulk isotope measurements of carbon and nitrogen, lipid biomarker analysis, and compound-specific carbon isotope determinations. Such data can help to evaluate the presence of reservoir effects when undertaking radiocarbon dating of foodcrust samples. In particular, molecular and isotopic analysis can aid in the selection of suitable candidates for C-14 where it can be demonstrated that aquatic resources are unlikely to contribute to the residue. Prospects for compound-specific C-14 analysis of lipids in foodcrusts and ceramic-absorbed residues are also discussed.
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50

Steele, John. "First-millennium agriculturist ceramics of the Eastern Cape, South Africa :." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16104.

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