Journal articles: 'Prehistorica Man'

1

De Bont, Raf. "The Creation of Prehistoric Man." Isis 94, no. 4 (December 2003): 604–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386384.

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Connolly, R. C. "Lindow Man: Britain's Prehistoric Bog Body." Anthropology Today 1, no. 5 (October 1985): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3032823.

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Daegling, David. "The Cambridge guide to prehistoric man." Journal of Human Evolution 17, no. 4 (June 1988): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2484(88)90033-4.

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McManus, G. "Ice man: victim of prehistoric schnapps?" Science 258, no. 5090 (December 18, 1992): 1867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1296665.

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Stead, Ian, and R. C. Turner. "Lindow Man." Antiquity 59, no. 225 (March 1985): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00056556.

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The first prehistoric 'bog body' to be found in Britain in recent times has created so much interest that a brief preliminary account is warranted-even though the serious scientific investigation is only just beginning. It was discovered at Lindow Moss (SJ 820805) on the outskirtsof Wilmslow, Cheshire, in the parish of Mobberley. Formerly a very extensive bog covering about 600 hectares, Lindow Moss, has now been reduced to a tenth of that size and some 32 hectares are being excavated commercially for horticultural peat. The operators have divided the site into 'rooms' 6 m wide and up to zoo m long, and peat is excavated in spits about I m deep from alternate rooms by a large Hy-Mac, and stacked alongside to dry for about six months. It is then transported by a narrow gauge railway to the depot where it is milled and dispatched from the site.

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Kolnegari, Mahmood, Mohammad Naserifard, Mandana Hazrati, and Matan Shelomi. "Squatting (squatter) mantis man: A prehistoric praying mantis petroglyph in Iran." Journal of Orthoptera Research 29, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.39400.

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A 14-cm motif of a six-legged creature with raptorial forearms was discovered in the Teymareh rock art site in central Iran (Markazi Province) during a 2017 and 2018 survey of petroglyphs or prehistoric stone engravings. In order to identify it, entomologists and archaeologists compared the motif to local insects and to similar motifs and geometric rock art from around the world. The inspected motif resembles a well-known ”squatter man” motif based on aurora phenomena and found all over the world, combined with a praying mantid (Mantodea), probably a local species of Empusa. The petroglyph proves that praying mantids have been astounding and inspiring humans since prehistoric times.

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Halstead, Paul. "Man and Other Animals in Later Greek Prehistory." Annual of the British School at Athens 82 (November 1987): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020323.

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Excavations in Greece over the last fifty years have produced considerable remains of animals from prehistoric sites. This paper discusses which species were exploited by man, and at what periods, the way in which each species was managed and the role of animal husbandry in the overall economy.

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Sabol, Martin, Bibiána Hromadová, Tomáš Čejka, Csaba Tóth, Mária Šedivá, and Pavol Hriadel. "Late Pleistocene fossil assemblages from the travertine site of Bešeňová Báňa – indicators of a potential presence of prehistoric man." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 304, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 51–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2022/1057.

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9

Albert, Siegfried. "Man in Prehistoric Times. The Museum of Primitive Man at Steinheim-ander-Murr." Philosophy and History 19, no. 1 (1986): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philhist198619124.

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Coye, Noël, and Arnaud Hurel. "Émile Cartailhac (1845–1921): une préhistoire en constante reconstruction." ORGANON 55 (December 12, 2023): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00786500.org.23.002.18779.

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Émile Cartailhac (1845–1921): A Prehistory in Constant Reconstruction At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, French prehistory underwent a conceptual and methodological overhaul in line with the movement affecting the human sciences at the time. This change was brought about by a new generation of prehistorians, but some of the earliest, including Émile Cartailhac, were also at the forefront of the movement. The Toulouse prehistorian was not a systemic thinker, but conducted research into, and dissemination and promotion of prehistory at both the national and international level. He played an active role in the main debates renovating prehistory and proposed a series of compromises that reconfigured prehistoric practice by the renovation of methods and the opening up of new areas of investigation.

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Seidler, H., W. Bernhard, M. Teschler-Nicola, W. Platzer, D. zur Nedden, R. Henn, A. Oberhauser, and T. Sjovold. "Some anthropological aspects of the prehistoric Tyrolean ice man." Science 258, no. 5081 (October 16, 1992): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1411539.

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Chaffee, Scott D., Marian Hyman, Marvin W. Rowe, Nancy J. Coulam, Alan Schroedl, and Kathleen Hogue. "Radiocarbon Dates on the All American Man Pictograph." American Antiquity 59, no. 4 (October 1994): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282347.

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Controversy has surrounded the All American Man pictograph in southeast Utah since its discovery in the 1950s. Its coloration, similar to the flag of the United States of America, has led to questions regarding its authenticity. We have obtained two radiocarbon values on a single sample comprised of pigmented sandstone fragments from one small area of this pictograph. They suggest the pictograph dates to the fourteenth century and indicate that it is an authentic, prehistoric pictograph, probably Anasazi in origin.

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Lambert, Patricia M. "Man corn: Cannibalism and violence in the prehistoric american southwest." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119, no. 3 (October 3, 2002): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20023.

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14

Cooney, Gabriel. "Irish Neolithic Landscapes and Land Use Systems: The Implications of Field Systems." Rural History 2, no. 2 (October 1991): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002727.

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I approach this paper as a prehistorian whose research has been primarily in areas with little or no surviving evidence for prehistoric fields, so that my only close encounter with field systems has been at Kilmashogue and other sites in the uplands just to the south of Dublin (figure 1 shows the location of the main areas and sites in Ireland mentioned in the text). These are certainly fixed in space but unfortunately are as yet floating in time (Cooney, 1985). But this personal predicament is in fact central to the problems approached in this paper: that while there is increasing evidence for prehistoric field systems in Ireland, they are frequently perceived as occurring in the archaeological record only in certain areas; that the relationship between them and other aspects of the archaeological record is not always clear; and that there are major problems in dating these field systems.My second introductory point is to comment that the sequence of the title is deliberate. The significance of field systems must be seen in the context of what would have been the contemporary cultural landscape and land use, and the various interpretations which have been made of these. The occurrence of field systems has major implications for the way we view the human impact on the environment and use of the land during the Neolithic period in Ireland (4,000 – 2,500 BC).

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Alvarez-Morales, Lidia, Neemias Santos da Rosa, Daniel Benítez-Aragón, Laura Fernández Macías, María Lazarich, and Margarita Díaz-Andreu. "The Bacinete Main Shelter: A Prehistoric Theatre?" Acoustics 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics5010018.

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In the last few years, archaeoacoustic studies of rock art sites and landscapes have undergone significant growth as a result of renewed interest in the intangible aspects of the archaeological record. This article focuses on the acoustic study carried out in the rock art complex of Bacinete, Cádiz (Spain). After describing the archaeological site and its importance, a representative set of monaural and spatial IRs gathered onsite is thoroughly analysed to explore the hypothesis that the sonic component of the site played an important role in how prehistoric people interacted with it. Additionally, we briefly discuss the challenges of analysing the acoustics of open-air spaces following the recommendations of the ISO 3382-1 guidelines, a standard developed not for open-air spaces, but for room acoustics. The results obtained confirm the favourable acoustic conditions of the Bacinete main shelter for speech transmission. The different subjective acoustic impressions obtained in a somewhat similar shelter located nearby, Bacinete III, are also explained, alluding to a lesser degree of intimacy felt in the latter.

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OIKKONEN, VENLA. "Kennewick Man and the Evolutionary Origins of the Nation." Journal of American Studies 48, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875813001497.

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This article addresses the recent attempts to integrate evolutionary history in the US national narrative. Focussing on the cultural, legal, and scientific controversy over Kennewick Man, the ancient human remains discovered in Washington state in 1996, the article explores the narrative politics of American national belonging. Through a popular historical novel on Kennewick Man's life, the article further theorizes nostalgia as a narrative tool in imagining the evolutionary origins of the nation. The article argues that nostalgia produces a temporal dynamic that bridges the gap between national history and global prehistory, and that this dynamic is reinforced through cultural ideas of genetic knowledge. At the same time, prehistoric nostalgia renders problematic ideas of ethnic difference largely invisible.

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Groucutt, Huw S. "Maltese chert: An archaeological perspective on raw material and lithic technology in the central Mediterranean." Malta Archaeological Review, no. 13 (December 5, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46651/mar.2022.1.

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The Maltese Islands in the central Mediterranean are renowned for their prehistoric archaeological record, particularly the megalithic ‘temples’ and associated ceramics and artwork. The temples were built by a society lacking metal technology, who relied on stone and organic materials. Knapped stone tool (lithic) technology, to produce sharp edged tools for tasks like cutting, hide working, and wood shaping offers insights into human behaviour in Malta, as well as into themes of exchange and connectivity. As well as imported chert and obsidian, local chert was widely used to make stone tools in prehistoric Malta. The local chert has generally been described as low-quality, yet relatively little research has been conducted on its distribution, characteristics, and use. In this paper I report a survey of chert sources, identifying a wider distribution of chert outcrops along the west coast of Malta than previously discussed. Some general macroscopic properties are outlined, as well as aspects of variability in the chert sources. Knapping experiments were then conducted on samples of chert collected, allowing clarification of its characteristics. These observations are used to offer some insights into lithic technology in Neolithic and Temple Period Malta, such as the hypothesis that the high frequencies of multidirectional flake production and subsequent ‘scraper retouch’ reflect adaptations to the characteristics of local chert.

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Cassells, E. Steve, James B. Benedict, and Byron L. Olson. "The Mount Albion Complex: A Study of Prehistoric Man and the Altithermal." American Antiquity 52, no. 1 (January 1987): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281086.

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Pearson, Richard. "Primitive Modernity: H. G. Wells and the Prehistoric Man of the 1890s." Yearbook of English Studies 37, no. 1 (2007): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/yes.2007.0039.

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FRIEMAN, CATHERINE. "ISLANDSCAPES AND ‘ISLANDNESS’: THE PREHISTORIC ISLE OF MAN IN THE IRISH SEASCAPE." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 27, no. 2 (May 2008): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.2008.00301.x.

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21

Skinner, Mark, Marna McLaren, and Roy L. Carlson. "Therapeutic Cauterization of Periodontal Abscesses in a Prehistoric Northwest Coast Woman." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 2, no. 3 (September 1988): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.1988.2.3.02a00060.

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22

Tan, Bo, Chengbang An, Chao Lu, Lei Tang, and Lai Jiang. "The Suitability of Prehistoric Human Settlements from the Perspective of the Residents." Land 12, no. 12 (November 22, 2023): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12122094.

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The study of the suitability of prehistoric human settlements (SPHE) can help us reproduce the process and characteristics of prehistoric human settlements, and is an important entry point for exploring the relationship between prehistoric humans and land. In this study, we discuss the definition, compositional structure, evolutionary mechanism, and spatiotemporal representation of the suitability of prehistoric human settlements, and propose its main research lines and possible research contents. We believe that the suitability of prehistoric human settlement environments refers to the ability and process of natural and social environmental conditions to meet the needs of human survival within a certain spatial range centered on the settlement of prehistoric humans. Additionally, with the temporal and spatial evolution of humans, society, and nature, it shows local consistency and global gradual and continuous change characteristics, and the human settlement environment has a suitability hierarchy of natural original, livelihood, and living spaces nested step by step. We believe that we can adopt the main research line of prehistoric human settlement suitability system construction to conduct extensive experiments and demonstrations on the theoretical construction, the evolution of the environment and living process, the relationship and evaluation of prehistoric human needs, the transformation of the living environment, living adaptation theories and models, and value and limitation verification. Thus, a complete research system can be formed to explore the evolution of the prehistoric human–land relationship.

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Levy, Janet E. "Iceman: Uncovering the Life and Times of a Prehistoric Man Found in an Alpine Glacier:Iceman: Uncovering the Life and Times of a Prehistoric Man Found in an Alpine Glacier." American Anthropologist 103, no. 2 (June 2001): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.2.589.

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Clark, Grahame. "The Prehistoric Society: From East Anglia to the World." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, no. 1 (December 1985): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x0000699x.

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It is doubly appropriate that the Prehistoric Society should celebrate its jubilee in Norwich. The Society was born in the Castle on 23 February 1935 of a parent conceived improbably enough in the Public Library at a meeting held on 26 October 1908 to inaugurate an East Anglian Society ‘for the study of all matters appertaining to prehistoric man’. The question I want you to consider in this address is how the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia developed so rapidly to the point at which it achieved national status as The Prehistoric Society. Let me begin by removing one misapprehension. My hands are not dripping with East Anglian blood nor have I just wiped them clean. The Prehistoric Society was not the outcome of a revolutionary putsch. It stemmed from nothing more dramatic than a recognition that the Prehistoric Society had long ceased to be East Anglian. When we met at Norwich Castle for our Annual General Meeting in 1935 and passed the resolution which eliminated the words ‘of East Anglia’ from our title we were merely recognizing a fact, that we had long ceased to be East Anglian in anything but name. There were no dissentient votes.The two men who between them set the Prehistoric Society on its feet came from different but complementary backgrounds. W. G. Clarke was Norfolk born and bred and earned his living as a working journalist in Norwich, while cultivating a wide-ranging interest in natural history and prehistoric archaeology.

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ΜΑΡΙΟΛΑΚΟΣ, ΗΛΙΑΣ Δ. "The Geoenvironmental dimension of Greek Mythology." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2002): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17334.

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Native civilizations, as that of the ancient Greeks, are directly connected to the geological and the physicogeographical regime of the regional area in which they have been developed, and mainly to its geoenvironmental evolution since the last glacial period (18,000 BP). Volcanoes, earthquakes and mineral resources, as building materials, the underground water and the various minerals, consist the so called geological regime. Soil, climate, relief, shorelines and coastal areas belong to the physicogeographical regime of an area. The regional territory, where the prehistorical and historical ancient Hellenic civilization has been developed is the Hellenic Peninsula, Aegean Sea and the coasts of Minor Asia, from the geotectonic point of view, composing the Hellenic Arc which is characterized by intense tectonic, seismic and volcanic activity. The main factor contributing to the evolution of the Hellenic civilization is the climate and its fluctuations, mainly during the last 18,000 years, and most essentially the impact of these changes in the displacement of the shorelines and the coastal areas in general. It is widely known that climate changes periodically and that the main reasons for this periodicity are astronomical (Milankowitch theory). Thus, during Quaternary, several successive glacial and interglacial periods have been observed due to the increasing and decreasing of the solar radiation that earth receives. The last glacial period ends approximately 18,000 years BP, since, for the same astronomical reasons, earth's mean temperature abruptly increased. Due to this increase, huge volume of glaciers started to melt resulting to the release of large water quantities, which until that time were trapped within the glaciers, resulting in the gradual rise of the global sea level that, around 18,000 years BP, was about 125 m. lower than today. This rise caused successively transgression of all areas that nowadays constitutes the seafloor of Aegean Sea until a depth around 125 m. This transgression happened within a few thousands of years, namely between 18,000 and 6,000 years BP approximately. Therefore, prehistoric man who inhabited the area of the Aegean Sea, though until 18,000 years BP was living for tens of thousands of years in a geoenvironment unfavourable but more or less stable, following 18,000 BP and due to the increase of the mean temperature of the earth's atmosphere, he witnessed cosmogony changes. These especially concern the change of the coastal scene, since year after year, slowly but steadily, coastal areas are being submerged, featuring high mean velocities that under certain conditions should exceed 5 m per year. Together with these shoreline displacements if one takes also into account seismicity, volcanic activity and the related phenomena (tsunamis, abrupt uplift or subsidence of the coastal areas caused by earthquakes, landslides, rockfalls, etc.), the physicogeological scenery should have been a nightmare. The third generation of the Gods must have been originated during this period. This generation is the result of the union of Gaia (Earth), the Big Mother of all, and Ouranos (Heaven), namely Titans, Ekatoncheires, Cyclops and Giants, who might represent the destructive natural powers that terrify man and move the earth under his feet. What else than volcanoes might Giants represent, when, according to the Hellenic Mythology ".... they (the giants) breathed fire from their mouth ...." "...they were crying out wildly....", "they were shooting rocks and blazing trees in the sky "! ? Yet, Paleolithic and Mesolithic man needs to create more gods who will protect him from all these natural disasters. So, he originates the fourth generation that comes out of the union of the Titan Kronos and the Titanide Rhea. In this generation belong some of the great gods, such as Hera, Demeter, Estia, Hades, Poseidon and Zeus. The favorable climate ensures the basic nutrition species that man needs, either he is a food collector or he is a food producer, and especially without any particular effort. This means that it allows prehistoric man to have enough free time. Especially after his inhabitance in towns, he may be continuously mobile in the open space and he may communicate with other men having free time as well. In order to attitude within his small society, he has to learn to discuss, to argue, to oppose, to agree or to disagree with his co-speakers. Yet, all these constitute the basic substantial features of Democracy. All these physicogeographical and geological changes of the mythological and the prehistorical, in general, era, that have determined directly or indirectly all partial settings and the evolution of the civilization itself, should be promoted in such a way that the relationship between physicogeographical environment and civilization should be primarily introduced.

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Gams, W., and J. A. Stalpers. "Has the prehistoric ice-man contributed to the preservation of living fungal spores?" FEMS Microbiology Letters 120, no. 1-2 (July 1994): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06998.x.

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Vasilyeva, Anna V. "ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE RUSSIAN TRANSLATION OF “THE ADVENTURES OF A LITTLE PREHISTORIC BOY” (1929) BY ERNEST D'HERVILLY IN THE SCOPE OF LITERARY WORKS ABOUT PEOPLE OF THE STONE AGE FROM THE STATE DARWIN MUSEUM COLLECTION." Articult, no. 4 (2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2020-4-104-112.

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The article dwells on the study of the image of a prehistoric man portrayed in children books illustrations and museum exhibitions’ design (paintings, sculptures) in 1920-1930s using the example of works from the State Darwin Museum funds. During this period, famous artists of children's books Vasily Vatagin and Mikhail Ezuchevsky worked at the State Darwin Museum. They were also well versed in anthropology and ethnography. Their drawings were the first Soviet illustrations for the book by Ernest d'Hervilly “The Adventures of a little prehistoric boy”, which became a popular science book for children in the USSR about prehistoric people. V.A. Vatagin, M.D. Ezuchevsky and A.N. Komarov created a number of paintings and sculptures about the life of prehistoric people for the exposition of the State Darwin Museum in the first half of the XX century. Illustrations and artworks introduced the element of entertainment and emotional appeal to the museum’s exhibitions, which otherwise were purely informative and rather cold-eyed.

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Araújo, Astolfo Gomes de Mello. "The siliceous rocks as raw material for the prehistoric man : varieties, definitions and concepts." Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, no. 1 (December 11, 1991): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.1991.107951.

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Este artigo discute alguns problemas relativos à nomenclatura e definição das rochas silicosas mais comumente utilizadas pelo homem pré-histórico. E proposta a adoção de uma nomenclatura condizente com os avanços da Petrología, com o objetivo de minimizar a imprecisão na classificação da matéria-prima lítica.

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Kimwah, Junior, and Mohammad Sherman Sauffi. "Death Ship images in Painted Cave of Niah Sarawak." Sarawak Museum Journal LXXXIV, no. 105 (December 1, 2021): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.61507/smj22-2021-71sg-05.

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This article on the findings of research obtained from Painted Cave which is believed to be a Neolithic settlement. The main focus of this research is to identify prehistoric images that have been generated about 3,000 years ago. Among the images that have been identified are images of humans, animals, abstract forms and most interesting are the images of the death ship that became the main icon in the entire wall of the cave painting. The Sarawak Museum has a limited record of prehistoric images found in the Painted Cave. The objective of this research is to record prehistoric images and produce illustrative images as a more detailed record of these prehistoric images, especially death ship images. The survey method was used in collecting primary data from the field. Secondary data were obtained from the museum as the closest reference material to this research. Interviews were also used in obtaining information from experts among museum officers. Observation and photography methods are used to record images digitally. The main purpose of this image is to create a more proper organized and detailed documentation. This research found that the prehistoric image of a death ship is symbolic of the transition of the spirits of the dead to the realm of death. This research proves that prehistoric societies have adapted and this belief is the practice of the early beliefs of the Neolithic society at that time. This effort is the first step towards conservation. Hence, this finding can be an early effort for conservation work in the future.

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Kerig, Tim. "Prehistoric mining." Antiquity 94, no. 375 (May 21, 2020): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.75.

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Prehistoric copper mining in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula continues the previous work on copper mining by the editors and main authors N. Rafel Fontanals, M.A. Hunt Ortiz, I. Soriano and S. Delgado-Raack. The site La Turquesa, a deposit mainly of Gossan type (iron cap), belongs to the same fault zone and mining basin as the already published Solano del Bepo (Rafel Fontanals et al. 2017). Mining of copper and lead (galena) at the site cannot certainly be traced back into prehistory, let alone to the Neolithic, and the earliest radiometric dates point to mining beginning before the early Middle Ages. The typo-chronology of mining tools is inconclusive, as is usual at these sites, and as the reader may infer from the comprehensive 80-page catalogue of hammerstones and picks. In his archaeo-metallurgical chapter, Montero Ruiz concludes convincingly that, currently, the most reliable date for mining at La Turquesa is in the Copper Age or the Early Bronze Age: the isotope signature of the mine's ore seems to accord with isotope ratios measured in a handful of artefacts from that period. The geology and mineralogy of the deposit is instructively summarised, adding archaeologically relevant information on visibility, accessibility and workability (with A. Andreazini and J.C. Melgarejo as co-authors). Traces of prehistoric opencast copper mining in small and irregular shafts have been heavily damaged by nineteenth- or twentieth-century mining of turquoise and variscite (with accessory chalcopyrite and malachite). The archaeological documentation of shafts and galleries from recent and pre-industrial times is cursory and does not fully attend to the three-dimensionality of the deposit. The use of more up-to-date measurement technology would have offered a clearer understanding of the site in its excavation, analysis and publication. No traces of tools were documented, making it impossible to combine the mineralogy of the deposit with the practical mining work. Without any quantitative information on heap material the mine's productivity cannot be estimated. The discovery of evidence for fire-setting using thermoluminescence (detailed in the chapter by A.L. Rodrigues et al.) seemed a promising test for archaeological hypotheses. Unfortunately, the palynological sediment sample gives a terminus ante quem of the seventh or eighth century AD (chapter by S. Pérez Díaz and J.A. López Sáez). Alongside unpublished indeterminate pottery, 117 mining tools are described in detail (including use-wear, lithology and surface types). Comparison with material from nearby Solana del Bepo (Rafel Fontanals et al. 2017) reveals that the artefacts from La Turquesa are less sophisticated and more opportunistic: mainly hammerstones modified during use or simple picks, sometimes with a picked groove that indicates hafting. Delgado-Raack argues convincingly that the tools were used in a context of direct extraction, for crushing the rock as well as for fragment-crushing copper ore at the site.

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Gold, Meira. "Ancient Egypt and the geological antiquity of man, 1847–1863." History of Science 57, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 194–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275318795944.

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The 1850s through early 60s was a transformative period for nascent studies of the remote human past in Britain, across many disciplines. Naturalists and scholars with Egyptological knowledge fashioned themselves as authorities to contend with this divisive topic. In a characteristic case of long-distance fieldwork, British geologist Leonard Horner employed Turkish-born, English-educated, Cairo-based engineer Joseph Hekekyan to measure Nile silt deposits around pharaonic monuments in Egypt to address the chronological gap between the earliest historical and latest geological time. Their conclusion in 1858 that humans had existed in Egypt for exactly 13,371 years was the earliest attempt to apply geological stratigraphy to absolute human dates. The geochronology was particularly threatening to biblical orthodoxy, and the work raised private and public concerns about chronological expertise and methodology, scriptural and scientific authority, and the credibility of Egyptian informants. This essay traces these geo-archaeological investigations; including the movement of paper records, Hekekyan’s role as a go-between, and the publication’s reception in Britain. The diverse reactions to the Egyptian research reveal competing ways of knowing the prehistoric past and highlights mid-Victorian attempts to reshape the porous boundaries between scholarly studies of human antiquity.

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Gimranov, D. O., P. A. Kosintsev, O. P. Bachura, M. G. Zhilin, V. G. Kotov, and M. M. Rumyantsev. "Small cave bear (U. ex gr. savini-rossicus) as a game species of prehistoric man." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2(53) (May 28, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-53-2-1.

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Imanay Cave is located in the Southern Urals (53°02' N, 56°26' E), at 420 m.a.s.l. A 9.5 m2 trench was exca-vated in the grotto in the inner part of the cave to examine the sediments. The accretion thickness was 1.2 m. The taphocoenosis of the Imanay Cave is of the Pleistocene age and contains about 10,000 specimens of bone re-mains of large mammals. They mostly belong to small cave bear (U. ex gr. savini-rossicus), and the remaining bones — to species of the mammoth faunal complex (Lepus sp., Castor fiber, Marmota bobak, Canis lupus, Cuon alpinus, Vulpes vulpes, V. corsac, Meles sp., Gulo gulo, Martes sp., Mustela sp., Ursus kanivetz, U. arctos, U. thibetanus, Panthera ex gr. fossilis-spelaea, Mammuthus primigenius, Equus ferus, Coelodonta antiquitatis, Alces alces, Bison priscus, Saiga tatarica, Ovis ammon). In the layer with the bones, Middle Paleolithic stone artifacts were found, including several bifacial points. These tools have analogies in the Middle Paleolithic sites of the Caucasus region and Crimea. During excavations of the cave, the skull of a cave bear with artificial damage was found. The study of the artificial perforation on the skull was the purpose of the present paper. On the basis of dimensional and morphological features, it was established that the skull belongs to a small cave bear (U. ex gr. savini-rossicus). The skull was directly AMS radiocarbon dated to 34 940 ± 140 BP, IGANAMS-5652. Analysis of the growth layers in the teeth revealed that the animal died in winter at an age of 9-10 years. Trace evidence analysis showed, that the hole in the parietal region of the skull was made by a sharp bifacial flint point similar to the Middle Paleolithic points found in the cultural layer of the cave. The animal was killed during winter hiberna-tion, most probably by stabbing with a spear. This is the first direct evidence of human hunting of a small cave bear. With the abundance of cave bear bones, the skull with the hole in it is the only evidence of human impact on this animal. There are no bones with traces of butchering and harvesting of the bone marrow.

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Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane. "Man Corn: Cannibalism and Violence in the Prehistoric Southwest. Christy G. Turner , Jacqueline A. Turner." Journal of Anthropological Research 55, no. 4 (December 1999): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.55.4.3631627.

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Milberg, Per, and Tommy Tyrberg. "Naive birds and noble savages - a review of man-caused prehistoric extinctions of island birds." Ecography 16, no. 3 (July 1993): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1993.tb00213.x.

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E. Lee, Robert. "Geology of the Sheguiandah Early Man Site: Key Concepts and Issues." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 40, no. 3 (December 4, 2007): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032652ar.

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ABSTRACT The first indication that man was present in Canada well before the final retreat of glacial ice was found at the village of Sheguiandah, on Manitoulin Island, Ontario, in the early 1950s. This paper summarizes the relevant evidence and arguments. The key deposits are two thin layers of diamicton toward the top of the glacial sequence, immediately below a post-glacial level characterized by Paleo-lndian projectile points. The unsorted mixtures of clay, sand and stones contain undisputed quartzite artifacts. These diamictons are considered to be till; alternatives, such as mixing by frost action and mud flows, do not explain their origin. The means by which the artifacts survived the Laurentide glaciation are suggested by the orientation and dip of the pebbles. Apparently diverted from its normal direction of flow by a tough quartzite knob, the ice lacked much erosive power at this point, only transporting the artifacts from one part of the site to another. Geological interpretation indicates that man made the artifacts now found in the tills during Early Wisconsinan interstadials. Other evidence, in the form of prehistoric quarries, pollen analyses and radiocarbon dating, supports the published age estimate of more than 30,000 years BP.

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Nakao, Hisashi, Kohei Tamura, Yui Arimatsu, Tomomi Nakagawa, Naoko Matsumoto, and Takehiko Matsugi. "Violence in the prehistoric period of Japan: the spatio-temporal pattern of skeletal evidence for violence in the Jomon period." Biology Letters 12, no. 3 (March 2016): 20160028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0028.

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Whether man is predisposed to lethal violence, ranging from homicide to warfare, and how that may have impacted human evolution, are among the most controversial topics of debate on human evolution. Although recent studies on the evolution of warfare have been based on various archaeological and ethnographic data, they have reported mixed results: it is unclear whether or not warfare among prehistoric hunter–gatherers was common enough to be a component of human nature and a selective pressure for the evolution of human behaviour. This paper reports the mortality attributable to violence, and the spatio-temporal pattern of violence thus shown among ancient hunter–gatherers using skeletal evidence in prehistoric Japan (the Jomon period: 13 000 cal BC–800 cal BC). Our results suggest that the mortality due to violence was low and spatio-temporally highly restricted in the Jomon period, which implies that violence including warfare in prehistoric Japan was not common.

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Morris, Elaine L., and Ann Woodward. "Ceramic Petrology and Prehistoric Pottery in the UK." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69 (2003): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001353.

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Initial compilation of a digital record of petrological thin-sections prepared from ceramics found in the United Kingdom, the English Heritage UKTS database, was completed in 1994. This paper was commissioned by English Heritage as one of a series of period studies designed to synthesise and review the contents of the database. From the total of c. 20,000 thin-sections recorded, c. 5500 (28%) relate to prehistoric pottery. Within the prehistoric entries, coverage varies both by period and by region. The main results are summarised by region, and a series of general discussion points is highlighted. The themes of technology, production, and exchange, the movement of pottery in the earlier prehistoric period, and the potential symbolic significance of inclusions such as rock, bone, and grog are all considered. Finally, recommendations for the minimum standardisation of petrological reports on prehistoric ceramics, and for further research, are outlined.

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Dhiman, Kiran. "COLOURS IN PAINTING (CHITRKALA ME RANG)." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3555.

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Colours are life of paintings. Without colours ‘painting’ seems incomplete and dull. Painting is visual expression, which is made combining two basic elements ‘drawing’ and ‘colouring’. Colours add the charm to an artwork. Monochrome shade is also having its own value but colours make it more appealing and lively.Since the upper paleolithic prehistoric times human being practice 'art' specially paintings in rock shelting to express their thoughts, which means it was a mode of communication from the beginning. This art creates, for the viewer, a degree of experiential contact with prehistoric art. It provides the basis for entering into the changing aspects of the living arts of man.

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Cheng, Yinghong. "“Is Peking Man Still Our Ancestor?”—Genetics, Anthropology, and the Politics of Racial Nationalism in China." Journal of Asian Studies 76, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 575–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000493.

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In 1993, in response to the international Human Genome Project pioneered by the United States, the Chinese government began to sponsor national projects in conjunction with the international effort. The result of this scientific endeavor confirmed international geneticists’ conclusions regarding a very recent “African origin” of all modern humans, or Homo sapiens. This scientific development confronted the longstanding nationalist belief that the “Chinese” had lived in “China” as an independent human group since Homo erectus, represented by the 700,000-year-old Peking Man. By examining the still pervasive political uses of a presumed prehistoric ancestor of the people as well as the controversy sparked by the scientific challenge that has provoked public discussions, this article identifies a potent racial discourse in contemporary Chinese nationalism and connects it to a broader international context.

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Owen, Janet. "From Down House to Avebury: John Lubbock, prehistory and human evolution through the eyes of his collection." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 68, no. 1 (November 27, 2013): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2013.0048.

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When Sir John Lubbock died in May 1913, his estate included a seemingly eclectic assortment of prehistoric stone tools and ethnographic artefacts displayed on the walls of his home at High Elms and hidden away in storage. However, detailed analysis of the history of this collection reveals a fascinating story of a man inspired by Darwin and like-minded evolutionary thinkers, who became one of the most important intellectuals in Victorian Britain to examine the controversial subject of human evolution. Six acquisitions are used in this article to explore how Lubbock began as Darwin's friend and scientific apprentice and became an international champion for the study of prehistory and the protection of prehistoric ancient monuments.

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Pryor, Francis. "Current research at Flag Fen, Peterborough." Antiquity 66, no. 251 (June 1992): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00081606.

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The papers in this Special Section present the latest results of research into the waterlogged later prehistoric site at Flag Fen, Peterborough. The landscape is almost flat and very low-lying, and the archaeological site consists of two main elements: a man-made timber platform and a kilometre-long alignment of posts, interpreted here as a defensive palisade. The site also has an important ritual component that continued into the Iron Age. Dendrochronology and other evidence indicates that the platform and posts were used for some 400 years, between about 1350 and 950 BC. This was a period of increasing wetness in the region.

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Abd-EI-Moniem, Hamdi Abbas Ahmed. "Rock art as a source of the history of prehistory (An account to promote the understanding of prehistoric rock art)." Abgadiyat 4, no. 1 (2009): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2213860909x00019.

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Abstract Some may believe that the history of mankind begins with the appearance of writing only a few several thousands of years ago (cf. 4000-3000 BCE). Our history, however, extends beyond that date millions of years. The history of mankind, indeed, is deeply rooted in the remote past which is called 'prehistory'. With the lacking of any form of writing, this 'prehistoric' period can be examined directly solely by recourse to the study of archaeological remains. The purpose of this account is to introduce rock art to the readers and show the significant role of this sort of archaeological material in studying the history of mankind before the appearance of written records. The current work, therefore, is divided into three main sections: the first deals with definition of rock art and its nature; the second section is devoted to showing the significance of this aspect of material culture in exploring a long and mysterious period of the early history of man characterized by the complete absence of written records or historical documents; the third and last section, which is a vital and integral part of this work, comprises an explanatory pictorial record to promote the understanding of prehistoric rock art as a source of information needed for writing the history of prehistory.

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Isarin, R. F. B., E. Rensink, G. R. Ellenkamp, and E. Heunks. "Of Meuse and Man: the geomorphogenetic and archaeological predictive maps of the Dutch Meuse valley." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 96, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2017.5.

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AbstractFor the first time, geomorphology and archaeology are combined for a 165 km long stretch of the Meuse river, resulting in a geomorphogenetic map (GKM) and a series of archaeological predictive maps (AVM). The maps cover the central part the Meuse valley, located in the province of Limburg between Mook in the north and Eijsden in the south. The area consists of fluvial and aeolian landforms of the Holocene Meuse floodplain and Younger Dryas aged terraces along it, spanning a period of approximately 15,000 years of landscape genesis and human habitation. The GKM more clearly discriminates between map units of Younger Dryas and early Holocene age than in previous mappings of the Meuse valley. The AVM series provide predictive information on the location of sites for four distinct consecutive archaeological periods and four main cultural themes. The maps contribute to a better understanding of landscape processes (fluvial and aeolian geomorphology and the impact of man on river behaviour), and the possibilities for human habitation and land use in prehistoric and historic times.

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Munasinghe, D. S. A., H. A. S. N. Hanchapola, N. A. D. M. Nissanka, and A. H. M. J. M. Athapathtu. "Nature of Prehistoric Archaeological Investigation and Research in Sri Lanka (1992 – 2019)." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 06, no. 01 (April 5, 2021): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v06i01.10.

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Sri Lankan prehistoric investigations can be divided into several phases. Identifying the nature of prehistoric archaeological investigation and research in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 is the research problem of this paper. The main objective of the research is to collect data and information of Prehistoric Archaeological Investigation and Research (Exploration and Excavation) in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 and arrange them in chronological order. In this process data and information were collected using primary and secondary sources through library survey, Field study, web survey and interviews were conducted to obtain more quantitative data The key research findings of the research are based on the identified several extraordinary features of this period compared to the early research periods such as systematic excavations, chronological methods, multidisciplinary approach, researches in associated with new scientific methodologies and innovative scientific methodologies including genealogical experiments.

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Haysom, Matthew. "Crete (prehistoric to Hellenistic)." Archaeological Reports 60 (November 2014): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608414000106.

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This has been a relatively quiet year in terms of newly-discovered Cretan material appearing for the first time in print. The main event was the continued publication of the backlog of Archaiologikon Deltion with the appearance of the 2005 volume. This, of course, contained a lot less material than last year's volume, which covered four years, 2001–2004. As a result, the disadvantages of late publication were more apparent, since all the most notable finds will already be known to the wider community from other sources, leaving only the most minor of rescue excavations as truly new material.Galatas provides a good example as one of the major Bronze Age sites being excavated in 2005 (ID4536). The excavation witnessed an important new discovery in the form of a monolithic “baetyl” and associated exedra to the south of the site's central building. The value of this discovery is that it adds to a relatively small corpus of enigmatic unhewn monolithic stones that appear as focal points in open-air public spaces in Minoan settlements. As such, it adds considerably to our understanding of the type, especially because, more so than in other places, signs of the activities associated with it appear to be preserved. This very important find has already made it into the secondary literature, being one of the primary case studies in Sam Crooks” (2013) book on Minoan baetyls. Less widely known are the results of the Galatas survey (ID4537), which appear in this year's ADelt in a preliminary form. Intriguing is the statement that the number of sites around Galatas increases sharply in the Neopalatial period, and that many of them are large. Galatas itself has a rather rocky Neopalatial history and in the fullness of time it will be interesting to see whether the story from the site and that from the wider area coincide, or whether there is some opposing or complementary dynamic. Also of great potential importance is the mention of a Minoan mason's mark in a quarry that is interpreted as providing blocks for the central building at Galatas. Masons” marks have been the centre of controversy ever since they were first discovered, with the majority of scholars interpreting them as in some way religious, whilst a few have suggested instead that they had some more practical purpose, relating to the work crews constructing monumental buildings (a good up-to-date treatment with previous bibliography is Begg 2004). If this identification is confirmed, it might significantly strengthen the minority side of the argument.

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Bondár, Mária. "Újabb késő rézkori kocsimodell a Kárpát-medencéből." Kaposvári Rippl-Rónai Múzeum Közleményei, no. 1 (2013): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26080/krrmkozl.2013.01.97.

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Barros de Oliveira, Vera. "Symbolic Manifestations as Tools of Psychological and Historical Development." Journal of Clinical Case Reports & Studies 4, no. 1 (February 3, 2023): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8808/135.

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The belief in the human being as a builder of his own history has guided my work as a psychologist, based on his social and cultural background. In this conquest, man build and rely on his great symbolic ascent, already marked by the hands of the hunters who left their passage and work recorded in their graves and first dwellings. The children's growing cognitive and affective-emotional organization has as their main instrument of action their play and make-believe. This text aims to follow in broad lines the human cultural evolution and its symbolic representation. It begins with a brief prehistoric synthesis, pointing out manifestations of a religious nature, noting its intimate connection with magic and its ritualistic manifestations.

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Shaw, Thurstan. "Bones in Africa Presidential Address 1989." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56 (1990): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004989.

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From my title, you might think that this was to be a discourse on human origins and the story of early Man — about the fossil and genetic evidence for regarding Africa as the cradle of mankind such as the lecture to our Society by Mary Leakey four years ago. However, such is not my intention. My title is taken from a poem by A. E. Housman, the relevant portion of which reads:‘Oh I will sit me down and weep For bones in Africa‘.Housman (1956, 123) was uttering a threnody for a soldier who died in Africa, but I utter my lament on behalf of others.But first, a brief look at aspects of the Prehistoric Society which show that it continues to flourish and grow. In these days of falling memberships, the Society has actually grown. We have made a modest increase in our Research Fund. The Proceedings and the maintenance of their high standard remain the Society's greatest contribution to prehistoric archaeology and justify the large proportion of our resources which we devote to them. This is in the realm of scholarship and research. In addition, we are moving into archaeological policy, with the intention of making the Society's voice heard in the councils of the nation as they affect prehistoric archaeology.

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Bujoreanu-Huţanu, Raluca. "The Language of Puppetry – Code for Remembering and Theatricalization." Theatrical Colloquia 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tco-2019-0015.

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Abstract Ever since the prehistoric age, people have been endowing some objects with symbolic status and, by animating them, they have turned them into means of communicating profound truths about man and life. The need to communicate led to conceiving a system of representation through which exterior forms of expression were created and assumed, a particular way of making the invisible visible.

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Apaydin, Veysel. "Development and Re-Configuration of Heritage Perception: History Textbooks and Curriculum." AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 6 (March 8, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v6i0.130.

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The plundering, looting and neglect of archaeological and heritage sites are quite common in many parts of the world. Turkey is one such country that has a poor record of preservation of archaeological and heritage sites, particularly those of minority ethnic groups and from the prehistoric and ancient periods. In other words, those which are not part of the national/official past of Turkey. The main reason for this is that Turkish formal education neglects the prehistoric and ancient past, and ‘others’ the past of minority groups. This paper will examine and discuss how and to what extent archaeology and heritage related topics are presented in formal education in Turkey, i.e., national, minority groups, prehistoric and ancient pasts and antiquities by analysing the curriculum and textbooks from 2013. Specifically, this paper will demonstrate that history education in schools has a major impact on the development and re-configuration of heritage perception, which can either lead to the protection or neglect of heritage.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Prehistorica Man'

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