Journal articles: 'Prehistoric economy'

1

Eidt, Robert C., and Mary Pohl. "Prehistoric Lowland Maya Environment and Subsistence Economy." Geographical Review 77, no. 4 (October 1987): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214289.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Bogucki, Peter, and Andrew Sherratt. "Economy and Society in Prehistoric Europe: Changing Perspectives." Journal of Field Archaeology 26, no. 1 (1999): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530626.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Dering, Phil. "Late Prehistoric Subsistence Economy on the Edwards Plateau." Plains Anthropologist 53, no. 205 (February 2008): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pan.2008.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Grantham, George. "THE PREHISTORIC ORIGINS OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Social Philosophy and Policy 38, no. 2 (2021): 261–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052522000140.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIt appears likely that at its peak the classical economy was almost as large as that of Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution. The following review of the archeological and document evidence indicates that three events occurring in the first half of the first millennium BC trigger the emergence of a specialized and integrated classical economy after 500 BC: (i) growth in demand for silver as a medium of exchange in economies in the Near East; (ii) technical breakthroughs in hull construction and sailing rig in merchant shipping of the late Bronze Age; (iii) perfection of ferrous metallurgy into the European hinterland. This last event raised agricultural productivity to a level capable of supporting the occupational specialization needed to sustain a vigorous trading economy. To these initial causes may be added the diffusion of alphabetic writing. While it did not create opportunities for long-distance trade, the diffusion of writing supplied the means of responding on a scale large enough economically to matter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lesage, Camille, Alvise Barbieri, Jovan Galfi, Dragan Jovanović, and Vera Bogosavljević Petrović. "The Becoming of a Prehistoric Landscape: Palaeolithic Occupations and Geomorphological Processes at Lojanik (Serbia)." Land 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122292.

Full text

Abstract:

Accomplishing long-term plans to harvest and modify natural resources has been a crucial skill for the survival of our species since early Prehistory. Research on this first step of production mostly focuses on the provenience study of lithic artifacts uncovered at archaeological sites, using petrographic and geochemical analyses to correlate the artifacts with potential geological outcrops. Although fundamental for understanding key aspects of landscape use and mobility, regional raw material economy, and extraction technology, Palaeolithic raw material sources have been less intensively investigated, as they are often difficult to locate and challenging to tackle with traditional archaeological approaches. Lojanik in the Central Balkans is one of the largest Prehistoric quarrying areas known in Europe, showing numerous lithic raw material outcrops exploited from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Chalcolithic periods, over an area of 18 hectares. In this paper, we present the results from our renewed research program in this region. Combining airborne LIDAR mapping, geomorphological and archaeological survey, and techno-typological analysis of lithic artifacts, we were able to reconstruct the geomorphological evolution of the landscape and its use by prehistoric societies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Welch, David J. "Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Exchange Patterns in the Phimai Region, Thailand." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1989): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400019810.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on archaeological evidence from the Phimai region and elsewhere in Northeast Thailand, late prehistoric exchange patterns, focused on local and regional centres of redistribution and perhaps markets, formed the foundation of the Khmer temple and market centred economy. Early regional exchange networks and the Khmer economic system into which they evolved were adaptive responses to the unpredictability of a monsoonal climate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Dolfini, Andrea. "From the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Central Italy: Settlement, Burial, and Social Change at the Dawn of Metal Production." Journal of Archaeological Research 28, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 503–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10814-019-09141-w.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Late Neolithic and Copper Age were a time of change in most of Europe. Technological innovations including animal traction, the wheel, and plow agriculture transformed the prehistoric economy. The discovery of copper metallurgy expanded the spectrum of socially significant materials and realigned exchange networks away from Neolithic “greenstone,” obsidian, and Spondylus shells. New funerary practices also emerged, signifying the growing importance of lineage ancestors, as well as new ideas of personal identity. These phenomena have long attracted researchers’ attention in continental Europe and the British Isles, but comparatively little has been done in the Italian peninsula. Building on recent discoveries and interdisciplinary research on settlement patterns, the subsistence economy, the exchange of socially valuable materials, the emergence of metallurgy, funerary practices, and notions of the body, I critically appraise current models of the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition in light of the Italian regional evidence, focusing on central Italy. In contrast to prior interpretations of this period as the cradle of Bronze Age social inequality and the prestige goods economy, I argue that, at this juncture, prehistoric society reconfigured burial practices into powerful new media for cultural communication and employed new materials and objects as novel identity markers. Stratified political elites may not be among the new identities that emerged at this time in the social landscape of prehistoric Italy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Markiewicz, Joanna A. "Familiarising the landscape: the development of prehistoric settlement in the middle Dunajec River valley." Acta Archaeologica Carpathica 55 (2020): 305–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00015229aac.20.012.13517.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite the continuous increase of archaeological data coming from the Polish Western Carpathians, the colonisation process of the Beskidy Mountains in prehistory is still relatively poorly recognized. The subject of discussion is, in particular, the impact of environmental and cultural factors on the formation of settlement networks in individual periods. This paper considers these questions on the example of a part of the middle Dunajec River basin in the chronological framework from the Neolithic to the La Tène period. Based on the archaeological and paleoenvironmental record, an analysis of settlement dynamics in terms of preferences and economy in the subsequent periods was carried out. The observations made were then interpreted in the context of cultural phenomena. A comparison of the results with the situation observed in other Central European mountain ranges made it possible to formulate some universal tendencies in the settlement development in these zones. In particular, the impact of climate and environmental conditions on the economy was considered, as well as the role of natural resources and communication routes. It has been demonstrated that three main stages can be distinguished in the process of prehistoric mountain colonisation. This mechanism was correlated with the gradual adaptation of the economy and the “familiarising” of the mountain landscape, which offered both some limitations and strategic values determining the specific cultural function of these areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Henry, Donald O., and Veronica Mraz. "Lithic economy and prehistoric human behavioral ecology viewed from southern Jordan." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 29 (February 2020): 102089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102089.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Hubbard, R. N. L. B. "Fallow deer in prehistoric Greece, and the analogy between faunal spectra and pollen analyses." Antiquity 69, no. 264 (September 1995): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00081916.

Full text

Abstract:

The pollen record from an archaeological site provides the environmental background, while the animal bones illuminate its economy. Wild animal bones are also ecological indicators, and faunal spectra can clarify the status of animals whose place in the human economy is uncertain or changing. The status of the fallow deer in prehistoric Greece is explored from this viewpoint.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hazim, Hussein Y. "THE EMERGENCE ANIS DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL ECONOMY IN IRAQ DURING PREHISTORIC TIMES." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 12, special (July 16, 2020): 674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.20121057.

Full text

Abstract:

The agricultural operations and domestication of animals Presented The basic factors and ingredients for The emergence and development of The agricultural and animal economy of Iraq during The Prehistoric Times in Particular, The head of the middle of the Century Bc. which is essential and extremely important given the establishment and development of these processes during. The research aimed to Study Those Processes that represent the real beginnings of the emergence and development of agricultural and animal economics in Iraq during Prehistoric times that represented this basic and important erainit. The study was conducted through two main axes of research, Such as the first axis, the emergence and development of agricultural operations and the most Prominent crops. As the Second axis represented the emergence and development of domestication of animals and the most Prominent domesticated animals. The study has been studied and information on The Subject has been extracted Through reports of the results of archaeological excavations of Iraqi sites that have seen agricultural operations and domestication of animals, especially those of economic benefit by finding charred seed residues for agricultural crops and domestic animal remains. through these data than were adopted by The study in The research, the mast Prominent agricnitural Crops and domesticated animal were identified that represented the first foundations and basic Pillars of the agricultural and animal economy in Iraq during that ancient time Period which laid the foundations and main ingredients for that economy in the Subsequent ages, indicating the manifestos that helped establish and develop that economy, environmental, Climatic and topographical processes appeared and were Printed and how These Conditions affected economic Production in that era.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Gustafsson, Stefan. "The Farming Economy in South and Central Sweden during the Bronze Age - A Study Based on Carbonised Botanical Evidence." Current Swedish Archaeology 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1998.05.

Full text

Abstract:

The article provides a survey of carbonised seed finds in south and central Sweden which can be attributed to the Swedish Bronze Age, 1800—500 B.C. This period must be considered one of the most dynamic with regard to prehistoric agriculture. The material has been collected at prehistoric dwelling sites and largely consists of household refuse. During the Early Bronze Age agriculture was based on speltoid wheat's and naked barley. Around 1000 B.C. the speltoid wheats and the naked barley decline strongly, while hulled barley takes over as the most important crop. This shift in the choice of crop indicates the introduction of agricultural fertilization and systems with permanent, manured fields.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Mashkour, M., M. Fontugne, and C. Hatte. "Investigations on the evolution of subsistence economy in the Qazvin Plain (Iran) from the Neolithic to the Iron Age." Antiquity 73, no. 279 (March 1999): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00087846.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Sabatini, Serena. "Modelling Bronze Age sheepherding and wool production: the case of the Terramara settlement at Montale, Italy." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 95, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0005.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractArguing for an integrated wool-textile economy in the Bronze Age, this paper assesses characteristics and scale of pastoral economy and sheepherding at the Terramare settlement of Montale (Modena province, Italy). Previous studies argued that Montale was a Bronze Age centre of wool production. The present work enhances the understanding of the local textile economy by investigating the evidence for sheepherding and landscape management at the site. It also proposes an interdisciplinary-based approach to investigate and reconstruct pastoral economy and sheepherding strategies in other prehistoric contexts as well.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Topping, Peter, S. Halliday, and A. Welfare. "Early Cultivation in Northumberland and The Borders." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 55, no. 1 (1989): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005375.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent discoveries on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish Border have shown that it is now possible to identify the surface remains of prehistoric cultivation without recourse to excavation. Numerous sites of very narrow ridged cultivation, generally no more than 1.4 m between the centre of the furrows and now known as cord rig, are associated with prehistoric settlements of various types. When taken in conjunction with the many examples of demonstrably pre-Roman cultivation terraces, this has finally destroyed the concept of a predominantly pastoral economy believed to have been practised in much of the Tyne-Forth area. It is now apparent that arable regimes formed a significant part of the local economy and that the currency of the myth of the footloose Celtic cowboy is at an end. This paper concentrates upon Northumberland. A more complete description of the Scottish material will be produced by S. Halliday.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Abbott, David R. "Extensive and Long-Term Specialization: Hohokam Ceramic Production in the Phoenix Basin, Arizona." American Antiquity 74, no. 3 (July 2009): 531–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600048745.

Full text

Abstract:

The ceramic evidence from 10 sites in the lower Salt River valley, Arizona, represents the entire temporal interval defined as the pre-Classic era of Hohokam prehistory. These data indicate that nearly all of the clay pots consumed in the valley over a period lasting six centuries were manufactured by just a few potter groups. The uninterrupted duration, high volume, and the large variety of vessel forms and wares produced for exchange may have been unparalleled in the prehistoric Southwest. A temporally comprehensive model of pottery manufacture in the Phoenix basin is presented, its implications for the origins of specialization, and the influence of intensive irrigation are discussed. In addition, the implications are considered for a previously published model of the Hohokam economy centered on marketplace transactions (Abbott, Smith, and Gallaga 2007).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Bittmann, Felix, Renate Gerlach, Manfred Rösch, and Wolfram Schier. "Farming in the forest—Ecology and economy of fire in prehistoric agriculture." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 23, S1 (March 28, 2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-014-0454-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hayden, Brian, and June M. Ryder. "Prehistoric Cultural Collapse in the Lillooet Area." American Antiquity 56, no. 1 (January 1991): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280972.

Full text

Abstract:

A series of unusually large hunter-gatherer winter villages emerged along the Fraser River in the Lillooet region of British Columbia during the last 3,000 years. Population estimates for these villages range from 500-1,000. Salmon heavily dominated the subsistence economy of these groups. We believe that these groups were socially and economically more complex than subsequent inhabitants. Village size and complexity seem to achieve maximum development from 1000-2000 B.P. About 1,000 years ago it appears that all of the large villages in the Lillooet region were abandoned and never reoccupied to any significant degree. Numerous causes for this apparent cultural collapse have been considered. Recent geomorphological research on landslides and terraces in the Lillooet region make failure of salmon runs due to catastrophic landslides that dammed the Fraser River the most likely explanation for the apparently abrupt abandonment of the large Lillooet villages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Halstead, Paul. "Man and Other Animals in Later Greek Prehistory." Annual of the British School at Athens 82 (November 1987): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020323.

Full text

Abstract:

Excavations in Greece over the last fifty years have produced considerable remains of animals from prehistoric sites. This paper discusses which species were exploited by man, and at what periods, the way in which each species was managed and the role of animal husbandry in the overall economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Coles, John. "Energetic Activities of Commoners." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 67 (2001): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001602.

Full text

Abstract:

Sir Grahame Clark's interests in wetland archaeology were not restricted to his pioneering work at Star Carr and much of his writing was illuminated by his wide knowledge of the fruits of wetland research in many parts of the world. The paper presents the case for wetland archaeology, to show how it has expanded our knowledge of the past and has made prehistory more colourful and dynamic to both archaeologists and the public. In seeking the patterns of behaviour that existed in the past, six key elements contribute to our studies: environment and change; economy and subsistence; stratification and context; structures and activities; chronology and precision; and range of material culture. The evidence for all of these aspects is well-preserved in many wetland environments, and a number of key sites are identified and assessed for their contribution to prehistoric studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Williams, George. "Recent Work on Rural Settlement in Later Prehistoric and Early Historic Dyfed." Antiquaries Journal 68, no. 1 (March 1988): 30–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500022472.

Full text

Abstract:

The archaeology of Dyfed in the first millennia B.C. and A.D. is largely that of defended enclosures. The distribution of these is described. This suggests the existence of three zones of defended enclosures, reflecting differences in environment and socio-economic systems, particularly differences in the relative productivity of different areas. The results of recent excavations are described and discussed in terms of chronology, economy, function and status. The excavations at Llawhaden—which have included the total excavation of three small enclosures—provide a key sequence, covering the whole period in question, with which other excavations can be compared. Throughout much of the period differences in the development of settlements can be related to the environmental and socio-economic differences between zones. In terms of function and status, it can be suggested that the majority of totally excavated defended enclosures were high status sites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Frankel, David. "Migration and ethnicity in prehistoric Cyprus: Technology ashabitus." European Journal of Archaeology 3, no. 2 (2000): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2000.3.2.167.

Full text

Abstract:

During the third millennium cal BC, there were major changes in many aspects of Cypriot material culture, technology and economy which characterize the division between the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age on the island. Many innovations can be traced to Anatolian antecedents. These include a very wide array of domestic as well as agricultural and industrial technologies. Their nature and range make it possible to argue strongly for the movement of people to the island, rather than for other mechanisms of technology transfer and culture change. This identification of an intrusive group, with distinctive patterns of behaviour (habitus), opens up questions of prehistoric ethnicity, and the processes by which the initial maintenance of different lifeways by indigenous and settler communities eventually gave way to a common cultural system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Vaslevsky, Aleksander. "The Far East in the Prehistoric Period." ISTORIYA, E21 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017855-9.

Full text

Abstract:

This chapter describes the events and the records of the era of prehistory of the Far East of Russia, dating back as far as periods between 300 thousand years ago to the midst of the 1st millennium AD. The main subjects of the chapter are such as the sites of the early hominids on the territory of the Far East, the role of climate in the early history of mankind and the problems of adaptation of the genus Homo to the harsh conditions of the Ice Age. The development of the early human societies in the continental and the insular parts of the Far East and the related processes were discussed. The movement of the Far Eastern tribes of the Late Paleolithic to North America is one of the important subjects of the discussion. The chapter also deals with the changes in the economy and the everyday life of people of the Neolithic and the of the Paleo Metal (Bronze and Early Iron) age. The main results of the development of ancient societies from the emergence of the first people to the development of political relations between the tribes of the Far East were described here.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Pauketat, Timothy R. "Monitoring Mississippian Homestead Occupation Span and Economy Using Ceramic Refuse." American Antiquity 54, no. 2 (April 1989): 288–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281708.

Full text

Abstract:

Occupation spans of small late prehistoric sites in the American Bottom of southwestern Illinois are estimated through consideration of the formation of ceramic refuse. Archaeological and ethnographic data inform a model which takes the form of both a computer simulation and a quantitative transform. Critical variables include a behavioral assemblage, a disposal assemblage, vessel use life, and breakage and replacement rates. A number of factors may have influenced settlement duration, but a preliminary examination does not reveal a significant correlation between environmental features and occupation span. The relation of these lower-order settlements to higher-order centers in the American Bottom settlement hierarchy may not have necessitated maximizing the economic potential of a given rural catchment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Taha, Shadia. "Sacred Journeys." Journeys 20, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jys.2019.200102.

Full text

Abstract:

Pilgrimage has been performed by members of all religions, and all beliefs, from prehistoric times to the present. The visitation of religious and sacred sites represents a significant economic resource for many faith establishments and organizations. In this article, I will explore the Muslim Hajj to Mecca as a case study. The study is based on ethnographic research using interviews and observation. The economic impact of pilgrims is a multifaceted and complex subject. Pilgrims spend money on transport, accommodation, and other services; hence, they contribute to the economy of the host state. My research suggests that there is a particular type of relationship between the economic and the spiritual aspects of pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

O'Connell, Chris, and Sue Anderson. "Excavations in a prehistoric landscape at Blackford, Perth & Kinross, 2007–8." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 93 (2021): 1–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2021.93.1-141.

Full text

Abstract:

The extensive remains of enclosed and unenclosed prehistoric settlements, including the remains of at least 14 circular structures, were discovered within ten areas of archaeological interest, situated on well-drained knolls in an undulating landscape north of Blackford village. The settlements have been dated principally to the Middle and Late Bronze Age, although continued habitation can be traced through to the Early Iron Age. Most of the structures were probably roundhouses, and were likely to have been the foci of domestic and economic life across generations. The remains ranged from single isolated structures to groups of closely spaced structures. Some were enclosed by palisades, possibly for defence, others were not. Diachronic changes in architecture are readily identifiable. The community made their living from a mixed farming economy, with some craft production also undertaken. Evidence for funerary rites was rare, but what little there was suggests that the dead were cremated and buried in urns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Webb, Jennifer M., V. Karageorghis, and D. Michaelides. "The Development of the Cypriot Economy from the Prehistoric Period to the Present Day." American Journal of Archaeology 102, no. 1 (January 1998): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506149.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Weisler, Marshall I. "Life on the edge: prehistoric settlement and economy on Utrōk Atoll, northern Marshall Islands." Archaeology in Oceania 36, no. 3 (October 2001): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2001.tb00486.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Kapuran, Aleksandar, Dragana Zivkovic, and Nada Strbac. "New evidence for prehistoric copper metallurgy in the vicinity of Bor." Starinar, no. 66 (2016): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1666173k.

Full text

Abstract:

The last three years of archaeological investigations at the site Ru`ana in Banjsko Polje, in the immediate vicinity of Bor, have provided new evidence regarding the role of non-ferrous metallurgy in the economy of the prehistoric communities of north-eastern Serbia. The remains of metallurgical furnaces and a large amount of metallic slags at two neighbouring sites in the mentioned settlement reveal that locations with many installations for the thermal processing of copper ore existed in the Bronze Age. We believe, judging by the finds of material culture, that metallurgical activities in this area also continued into the Iron Age and, possibly, into the 4th century AD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Halkon, Peter, and Jim Innes. "Settlement and economy in a changing prehistoric lowland landscape: an East Yorkshire (UK) case study." European Journal of Archaeology 8, no. 3 (2005): 225–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957105076062.

Full text

Abstract:

This article assesses the major changes in landscape and coastline, which took place in an area adjacent to the northern shore of the inner estuary of the river Humber, in East Yorkshire, UK, from the beginning of the Holocene to the Iron Age. It considers the effect of these changes on material culture as represented by artefact distributions, including flint assemblages and polished stone tools located during field survey. The conclusions presented here derive from a continuing programme of research in this study area and they are placed in the context of the wider Humber region and the North Sea Basin. This article advocates a restoration of balance with regard to geographical determinism – a new pragmatism – accepting that environmental factors have a great importance in determining the nature and location of certain activities in the past, though cannot be used to explain them all.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Wells, Peter S. "Changing models of settlement, economy, and ritual activity: Recent research in late prehistoric central Europe." Journal of Archaeological Research 2, no. 2 (June 1994): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02232719.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

McCoy, Mark D., Thegn N. Ladefoged, Michael W. Graves, and Jesse W. Stephen. "Strategies for constructing religious authority in ancient Hawai'i." Antiquity 85, no. 329 (August 2011): 927–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0006840x.

Full text

Abstract:

Through intensive archaeological investigation of temples in Hawai'i, the authors reveal a sequence of religious strategies for creating and maintaining authority that has application to prehistoric sequences everywhere. Expressed in the orientation and layout of the temples and their place in the landscape, these strategies develop in four stages over the course of a few hundred years, from the fifteenth to nineteenth century AD, from local shrines associated with agriculture to the development of a centralising priesthood serving the larger political economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Krauß, Raiko, Nedko Elenski, Bernhard Weninger, Lee Clare, Canan Çakırlar, and Petăr Zidarov. "Beginnings of the Neolithic in Southeast Europe: the Early Neolithic sequence and absolute dates from Džuljunica-Smărdeš (Bulgaria)." Documenta Praehistorica 41 (December 30, 2014): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.41.3.

Full text

Abstract:

Investigations of a balk in the centre of the prehistoric settlement of Džuljunica-Smărdeš comprised a sequence of archaeological deposits from the very onset of Neolithisation in South-eastern Europe throughout the end of the Early Neolithic. The arrival of Neolithic lifeways in the region coincides with the end of a period for which palaeoclimate proxies attest to considerable climate fluctuation. In connection with these investigations, the zoological finds were examined, which provide insight into the economy of this key settlement for the entire Balkan region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lentfer, Carol J., Matthew W. Felgate, Robynne A. Mills, and Jim Specht. "Human history and palaeoenvironmental change at Site 17, Freshwater Beach, Lizard Island, northeast Queensland, Australia." Queensland Archaeological Research 16 (February 12, 2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.16.2013.227.

Full text

Abstract:

Late Holocene patterns of change in occupation and use of islands along the eastern coast of Queensland have long been debated in terms of various drivers, though much of this discussion relates to regions south of Cairns, with comparatively little study of the far northern Great Barrier Reef islands. The numerous middens, stone arrangements and art sites on Lizard Island suggest long-term use by Indigenous people, but recent discoveries of pottery give tantalising glimpses of a prehistoric past that may have included a prehistoric economy involving pottery. Here we review previous archaeological surveys and studies on Lizard Island and report on new archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies from the Site 17 midden at Freshwater Beach, with an oldest date of 3815–3571 cal BP. We identify two major changes in the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records, one associated with more recent European influences and the other at c.2000 cal BP. Pottery from the intertidal zone is as yet undated. When dates become available the relationship between the Site 17 results reported here and the use of pottery on the island may be clarified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Colten, Roger H., and Jeanne E. Arnold. "Prehistoric Marine Mammal Hunting on California's Northern Channel Islands." American Antiquity 63, no. 4 (October 1998): 679–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694115.

Full text

Abstract:

Prehistoric marine mammal hunting is of interest to archaeologists worldwide because these animals were exploited by a wide range of coastal societies. Sorting out the roles of particular groups of fauna in prehistoric economies requires detailed attention to the analysis of the entire faunal assemblage. Although marine mammals typically provided large quantities of fat and protein and were desirable prey, they were not always central to the diets of the groups that exploited them, particularly in temperate zones. To evaluate effectively the importance of marine mammal exploitation, scholars should calculate the relative contribution of these animals to the economy, identify changes in hunting techniques, determine the relationship between fauna and other aspects of society, assess changing environmental conditions, and consider alternate explanations for those relationships. A large body of research on the northern Channel Islands of California demonstrates that fishing was relatively more important than marine mammal exploitation in subsistence and in stimulating sociopolitical and technological developments. Recent attempts to credit marine mammal hunting as a driving force in the invention of the plank canoe and the evolution of a chiefdom in the Santa Barbara Channel area misunderstand environmental factors and site histories in this region. Rather than assuming that a pan-Pacific Coast set of traditions existed to exploit these taxa, we see evidence of local and regional differences rooted in variable cultural settings, physiographic and oceanographic conditions, and available technologies. Data from the Santa Barbara Channel are used to explore the relationships among marine mammal use, sociological change, and environmental change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Oosterbeek, Luiz. "Higher education in prehistory and archaeology." Revista Arqueologia Pública 13, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rap.v13i2.8658295.

Full text

Abstract:

The growing divide between sciences and humanities has led, in the last decades, to their global weakening, leading to a pragmatic empire of technological solutions deprived from meaning and global reasoning. In parallel, the source o many current disruptive processes is the incapacity of understanding the implications of the global merger of economies and societies, but also the trend towards segregating new identities and cultural networks. We consider that education and training are key elements in the process of building shared landscapes, i.e., shared convergent perceptions of the territories, and that education in prehistory and archaeology should be structured within this framework. Reflecting on general concerns and perspectives of Humanities education at large, and on specific constraints in Europe and Portugal, we argue that the specific relevance of archaeology within a programme for humanities concerns its expertise in assessing adaptation mechanisms, economy-environment balances, techniques and technology, as well as its interdisciplinary approach, going beyond humanities and involving social and natural sciences. The text concludes by presenting the structure and strategy of the Master programme in Prehistoric Archaeology and Rock Art, as part of a wider programme of archaeology and cultural heritage education at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Oosterbeek, Luiz. "Higher education in prehistory and archaeology." Revista Arqueologia Pública 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rap.v14i2.8658295.

Full text

Abstract:

The growing divide between sciences and humanities has led, in the last decades, to their global weakening, leading to a pragmatic empire of technological solutions deprived from meaning and global reasoning. In parallel, the source o many current disruptive processes is the incapacity of understanding the implications of the global merger of economies and societies, but also the trend towards segregating new identities and cultural networks. We consider that education and training are key elements in the process of building shared landscapes, i.e., shared convergent perceptions of the territories, and that education in prehistory and archaeology should be structured within this framework. Reflecting on general concerns and perspectives of Humanities education at large, and on specific constraints in Europe and Portugal, we argue that the specific relevance of archaeology within a programme for humanities concerns its expertise in assessing adaptation mechanisms, economy-environment balances, techniques and technology, as well as its interdisciplinary approach, going beyond humanities and involving social and natural sciences. The text concludes by presenting the structure and strategy of the Master programme in Prehistoric Archaeology and Rock Art, as part of a wider programme of archaeology and cultural heritage education at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Stöllner, Thomas, Horst Aspöck, Nicole Boenke, Claus Dobiat, Hans-Jürgen Gawlick, Willy Groenman-van Waateringe, Walter Irlinger, et al. "The Economy of Dürrnberg-Bei-Hallein: An Iron Age Salt-mining Centre in the Austrian Alps." Antiquaries Journal 83 (September 2003): 123–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500077684.

Full text

Abstract:

For the first time in English, we present a summary of the international programme of excavation work carried out between 1990 and 2001 in and around the Iron Age salt-mining complex of the Diirrnberg region, south of Salzburg. First we describe the results of excavation in the prehistoric adits, and of work to locate and survey associated settlements. This is followed by a series of specialist reports embracing floral and faunal remains, palaeodiet and parasitology, leather and woodworking and other crafts. The evidence suggests that a complex inter-relationship existed between the Diirrnberg and other communities in the Alpine foreland. It is assumed that the Diirrnberg was under the control of an elite – perhaps a local dynasty whose wealth is reflected in the graves.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lightfoot, Kent G., Robert M. Cerrato, and Heather V. E. Wallace. "Prehistoric shellfish-harvesting strategies: implications from the growth patterns of soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria)." Antiquity 67, no. 255 (June 1993): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00045427.

Full text

Abstract:

Shellfish-gathering is the stuff of many a hunter-gatherer economy. It is technically hunting – the beasties are animals – but they conveniently sit in the mud and on the rocks ready to be gathered. A new means of studying growth-rings in clam shells gives insight into shellfish-gathering and the seasonal pattern of life-ways in southern New England.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Rajović, Goran, and Jelisavka Bulatović. "Some Aspects of Geographic View on Economy: The Case Northeastern Montenegro." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 6 (September 2013): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.6.49.

Full text

Abstract:

Text which follows represents geographical contribution to the study of the economy of northeastern Montenegro, on example of municipalities Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. Temporal frame for the study covers the period from prehistoric of our time. The focus of research directed on two sets of questions, it is on: the characteristics of economic development to the Second World War and on characteristics of the development of the economy after the Second World War. By the beginning World War II, analyzed the geographical space was one of the underdeveloped areas of Montenegro. Prevailing is mostly agricultural production. After the Second World War former Yugoslavia, in whose composition is entered and Montenegro, started is in process accelerated industrialization. High measure of job security prevented activity mechanism of competition and the market economy. There was no pressure on employed workers to increase efficiency, which led to such situations that for exercise same scale of production engaged considerably more workers than in the classical (an entrepreneurial) firms. The economic consequences were are expected: since the mid-of the seventies years ago the last century up to the complete collapse of the economic system at the end of the eighties years ago the last century, productivity Labour is mobiles falls while is hidden unemployment grew. Development problems and irrational economic system retain all the professional and scientific opinions, without the possibility of that the any particular conduct proceedings. I then, appearance and now we did not manage to elevate above observation. Therefore, thus conclude that is necessary develop a special economic innovative strategy for regional policy, adapted on the hilly-mountainous regions what, kind of is exactly and analyzed geo-space

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Hill, Molly K. "Dental Reduction and Diet in the Prehistoric Ohio River Valley." Dental Anthropology Journal 17, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v17i2.144.

Full text

Abstract:

Post-Pleistocene dental reduction has been documented around the globe. Dietary change is a common factor in many of the selectionist models explaining this reduction. The current study examines tooth size in the prehistoric Ohio River Valley of Indiana and Kentucky to determine if a dental reduction occurred from the Late Archaic to the Mississippian periods and, if so, to see if dietary shifts are associated with dental reduction. Data from 282 individuals are compiled from 21 sites that span from 5000 BC to AD 1400. These sites represent Late Archaic foragers, Early/Middle Woodland early horticulturalists, Late Woodland mixed-economy horticulturalists, and Mississippian agriculturalists. Previous studies have indicated that the diet became less abrasive through time in this region but became harder from the Late Archaic to the Early/Middle Woodland just to became softer again thereafter. Buccolingual diameters were taken for all suitable permanent teeth. Standard descriptive statistics, ANOVA, percent differences, and rate of change were calculated for each dental measurement to determine the degree of change between the various temporal groups. It was found that a dental reduction occurred in the Ohio River Valley that was more pronounced in females and in the maxillary molars. The general reduction in tooth size mirrors the reduction in dietary abrasiveness. By contrast, it does not seem to follow the course of dietary hardness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Kwak, Seungki, Gyeongtaek Kim, and Gyoung-Ah Lee. "Beyond rice farming: Evidence from central Korea reveals wide resource utilization in the Songgukri culture during the late-Holocene." Holocene 27, no. 8 (January 10, 2017): 1092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616683259.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates prehistoric subsistence of the middle Bronze (Mumun) period in the central part of the Korean Peninsula during the late-Holocene. Rice farming has often been regarded as a harbinger of complex society with an economic foundation based on rice yields. We test this common hypothesis on intensive rice farming as a primary means of subsistence and political economy through an integrative approach with archaeobotanical and isotopic data. We focus on the sites from the Songgukri culture (2900–2400 cal. BP) which are scattered along the middle and lower reaches of the Geum River. Our study indicates settlers along the Geum River utilized a wide range of crops and wild animals, a picture far removed from the popular view of a rice-dominated diet in the Songgukri culture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Fedick, Scott L. "Land Evaluation and Ancient Maya Land Use in the Upper Belize River Area, Belize, Central America." Latin American Antiquity 6, no. 1 (March 1995): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971598.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study I examine local-scale associations between land resources and the density distribution of Maya residential sites for the prehistoric population maxima of the Late Classic period (ca. A. D. 600-900). Methods involve agricultural land evaluation following USDA guidelines, under assumptions of hand-cultivation technology. I give specific attention to the issue of concordance between the geographic scale of household agricultural production and the scale at which agricultural land evaluation is conducted. The focus is the upper Belize River area of Belize, Central America, where intensive archaeological survey and local-scale land-resource mapping provide the data necessary for a detailed analysis of ancient land-use patterns. The analysis reveals a strong and consistent relationship between prehistoric Maya settlement density and the agricultural productive capability of local soil types. For each land type, I discuss the amount of land available for each residential locus and probable cultivation methods used. I argue that the ability to identify clearly and quantitatively the association (or lack of association) between household settlement pattern and agricultural land capability is a necessary component of regional studies that seek to test models of Maya political economy and social change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Leach, Jeff D., and Kristin D. Sobolik. "High dietary intake of prebiotic inulin-type fructans in the prehistoric Chihuahuan Desert." British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 11 (April 26, 2010): 1558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510000966.

Full text

Abstract:

Archaeological evidence from dry cave deposits in the northern Chihuahuan Desert reveal intensive utilisation of desert plants that store prebiotic inulin-type fructans as the primary carbohydrate. In this semi-arid region limited rainfall and poor soil conditions prevented the adoption of agriculture and thus provides a unique glimpse into a pure hunter–forager economy spanning over 10 000 years. Ancient cooking features, stable carbon isotope analysis of human skeletons, and well-preserved coprolites and macrobotanical remains reveal a plant-based diet that included a dietary intake of about 135 g prebiotic inulin-type fructans per d by the average adult male hunter–forager. These data reveal that man is well adapted to daily intakes of prebiotics well above those currently consumed in the modern diet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Tigani ElMahi, Ali. "Old Ways in a Changing Space: The Issue of Camel Pastoralism in Dhofar." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 16 (January 1, 2011): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol16iss0pp51-64.

Full text

Abstract:

In the Arabian Peninsula, the Dhofar region is rich in camels. This national wealth has always been administered by traditional nomadic pastoral management, which must have evolved in Oman with the introduction of camels as domesticates in prehistoric times. In this region, camels have always depended on the free grazing system which is governed by tribal territoriality. Today, Dhofar is experiencing an extensive process of development. Land value has increased immensely, to the extent that it cannot be used for camel pastoralism. Furthermore, traditional camel management has always been directed to meet requirements of a subsistence economy. It has never managed to convert to the organization of political economy. This paper intends to raise the alarm that national wealth is endangered by certain challenges. The paper proposes certain ideas that might assist in safeguarding and investing in a national asset.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Sharma, Sukanya. "The People, the Megaliths of Cherrapunjee." Journal of Heritage Management 2, no. 1 (June 2017): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929617722910.

Full text

Abstract:

The megaliths of Cherrapunjee are part of a prehistoric cultural tradition which is intricately woven with the sociocultural life of the Khasis and Jaintias. But material changes in the nature of society and the economy in the latter half of the twentieth century have resulted in new identity formations in Cherrapunjee and this has undermined some of the presumed certainties of cultural identity. The study documents local community attitudes regarding the megaliths and how the community accessed, interacted and used the sites today. A framework for managing archaeological heritage by integrating global and local conservation approaches in Cherrapunjee was developed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Putzer, Andreas, Daniela Festi, and Klaus Oeggl. "Was the Iceman really a herdsman? The development of a prehistoric pastoral economy in the Schnals Valley." Antiquity 90, no. 350 (April 2016): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.185.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Rodríguez, Anna, Ethel Allué, and Ramon Buxó. "Agriculture and livestock economy among prehistoric herders based on plant macro-remains from El Mirador (Atapuerca, Burgos)." Quaternary International 414 (September 2016): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.045.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Vander Linden, Marc, and Fabio Silva. "Dispersals as demographic processes: testing and describing the spread of the Neolithic in the Balkans." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1816 (November 30, 2020): 20200231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0231.

Full text

Abstract:

Although population history and dispersal are back at the forefront of the archaeological agenda, they are often studied in relative isolation. This contribution aims at combining both dimensions, as population dispersal is, by definition, a demographic process. Using a case study drawn from the Early Neolithic of South-Eastern Europe, we use radiocarbon dates to jointly investigate changes in speed and population size linked to the new food production economy and demonstrate that the spread of farming in this region corresponds to a density-dependent dispersal process. The implications of this characterization are evaluated in the discussion. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Schroeder, Sissel. "Maize Productivity in the Eastern Woodlands and Great Plains of North America." American Antiquity 64, no. 3 (July 1999): 499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694148.

Full text

Abstract:

Archaeologists and ethnohistorians have long been interested in quantifying potential maize productivity for late prehistoric and early historic Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands. Maize yields obtained by Native Americans using traditional farming techniques in the nineteenth century are compared to yields obtained by nineteenth-century Native Americans using plows, and nineteenth- and twentieth-century farmers in Illinois and Missouri. The result is a notion of average resource productivity for maize that is more reasonable and modest than previous estimates. In this study, the mean yield of maize for nineteenth-century Native American groups who did not use plows was 18.9 bu/acre (stdev=4.1) (1,185.4 kg/ha [stdev=254.1]). Yields on the order of 10 bu/acre (627.2 kg/ha) probably are closer to the average prehistoric yields that were available for subsistence purposes. The mean size of gardens cultivated by nineteenth-century Native American families without plows was .59 acre (stdev=.45) (.24 ha [stdev=.18]). These newly compiled data are used to generate a model of nuclear family household economy and minimal and maximal garden sizes given different levels of maize productivity and consumption. Population estimates made on the basis of previous assessments of high rates of resource productivity will need to be reevaluated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Prehistoric economy'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles