Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prehistoric economy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Prehistoric economy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Prehistoric economy"

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Eidt, Robert C., and Mary Pohl. "Prehistoric Lowland Maya Environment and Subsistence Economy." Geographical Review 77, no. 4 (October 1987): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214289.

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Bogucki, Peter, and Andrew Sherratt. "Economy and Society in Prehistoric Europe: Changing Perspectives." Journal of Field Archaeology 26, no. 1 (1999): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530626.

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Dering, Phil. "Late Prehistoric Subsistence Economy on the Edwards Plateau." Plains Anthropologist 53, no. 205 (February 2008): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pan.2008.005.

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Grantham, George. "THE PREHISTORIC ORIGINS OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Social Philosophy and Policy 38, no. 2 (2021): 261–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052522000140.

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AbstractIt appears likely that at its peak the classical economy was almost as large as that of Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution. The following review of the archeological and document evidence indicates that three events occurring in the first half of the first millennium BC trigger the emergence of a specialized and integrated classical economy after 500 BC: (i) growth in demand for silver as a medium of exchange in economies in the Near East; (ii) technical breakthroughs in hull construction and sailing rig in merchant shipping of the late Bronze Age; (iii) perfection of ferrous metallurgy into the European hinterland. This last event raised agricultural productivity to a level capable of supporting the occupational specialization needed to sustain a vigorous trading economy. To these initial causes may be added the diffusion of alphabetic writing. While it did not create opportunities for long-distance trade, the diffusion of writing supplied the means of responding on a scale large enough economically to matter.
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Lesage, Camille, Alvise Barbieri, Jovan Galfi, Dragan Jovanović, and Vera Bogosavljević Petrović. "The Becoming of a Prehistoric Landscape: Palaeolithic Occupations and Geomorphological Processes at Lojanik (Serbia)." Land 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122292.

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Accomplishing long-term plans to harvest and modify natural resources has been a crucial skill for the survival of our species since early Prehistory. Research on this first step of production mostly focuses on the provenience study of lithic artifacts uncovered at archaeological sites, using petrographic and geochemical analyses to correlate the artifacts with potential geological outcrops. Although fundamental for understanding key aspects of landscape use and mobility, regional raw material economy, and extraction technology, Palaeolithic raw material sources have been less intensively investigated, as they are often difficult to locate and challenging to tackle with traditional archaeological approaches. Lojanik in the Central Balkans is one of the largest Prehistoric quarrying areas known in Europe, showing numerous lithic raw material outcrops exploited from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Chalcolithic periods, over an area of 18 hectares. In this paper, we present the results from our renewed research program in this region. Combining airborne LIDAR mapping, geomorphological and archaeological survey, and techno-typological analysis of lithic artifacts, we were able to reconstruct the geomorphological evolution of the landscape and its use by prehistoric societies.
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Welch, David J. "Late Prehistoric and Early Historic Exchange Patterns in the Phimai Region, Thailand." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 1 (March 1989): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400019810.

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Based on archaeological evidence from the Phimai region and elsewhere in Northeast Thailand, late prehistoric exchange patterns, focused on local and regional centres of redistribution and perhaps markets, formed the foundation of the Khmer temple and market centred economy. Early regional exchange networks and the Khmer economic system into which they evolved were adaptive responses to the unpredictability of a monsoonal climate.
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Dolfini, Andrea. "From the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Central Italy: Settlement, Burial, and Social Change at the Dawn of Metal Production." Journal of Archaeological Research 28, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 503–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10814-019-09141-w.

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AbstractThe Late Neolithic and Copper Age were a time of change in most of Europe. Technological innovations including animal traction, the wheel, and plow agriculture transformed the prehistoric economy. The discovery of copper metallurgy expanded the spectrum of socially significant materials and realigned exchange networks away from Neolithic “greenstone,” obsidian, and Spondylus shells. New funerary practices also emerged, signifying the growing importance of lineage ancestors, as well as new ideas of personal identity. These phenomena have long attracted researchers’ attention in continental Europe and the British Isles, but comparatively little has been done in the Italian peninsula. Building on recent discoveries and interdisciplinary research on settlement patterns, the subsistence economy, the exchange of socially valuable materials, the emergence of metallurgy, funerary practices, and notions of the body, I critically appraise current models of the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition in light of the Italian regional evidence, focusing on central Italy. In contrast to prior interpretations of this period as the cradle of Bronze Age social inequality and the prestige goods economy, I argue that, at this juncture, prehistoric society reconfigured burial practices into powerful new media for cultural communication and employed new materials and objects as novel identity markers. Stratified political elites may not be among the new identities that emerged at this time in the social landscape of prehistoric Italy.
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Markiewicz, Joanna A. "Familiarising the landscape: the development of prehistoric settlement in the middle Dunajec River valley." Acta Archaeologica Carpathica 55 (2020): 305–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00015229aac.20.012.13517.

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Despite the continuous increase of archaeological data coming from the Polish Western Carpathians, the colonisation process of the Beskidy Mountains in prehistory is still relatively poorly recognized. The subject of discussion is, in particular, the impact of environmental and cultural factors on the formation of settlement networks in individual periods. This paper considers these questions on the example of a part of the middle Dunajec River basin in the chronological framework from the Neolithic to the La Tène period. Based on the archaeological and paleoenvironmental record, an analysis of settlement dynamics in terms of preferences and economy in the subsequent periods was carried out. The observations made were then interpreted in the context of cultural phenomena. A comparison of the results with the situation observed in other Central European mountain ranges made it possible to formulate some universal tendencies in the settlement development in these zones. In particular, the impact of climate and environmental conditions on the economy was considered, as well as the role of natural resources and communication routes. It has been demonstrated that three main stages can be distinguished in the process of prehistoric mountain colonisation. This mechanism was correlated with the gradual adaptation of the economy and the “familiarising” of the mountain landscape, which offered both some limitations and strategic values determining the specific cultural function of these areas.
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Henry, Donald O., and Veronica Mraz. "Lithic economy and prehistoric human behavioral ecology viewed from southern Jordan." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 29 (February 2020): 102089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102089.

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Hubbard, R. N. L. B. "Fallow deer in prehistoric Greece, and the analogy between faunal spectra and pollen analyses." Antiquity 69, no. 264 (September 1995): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00081916.

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The pollen record from an archaeological site provides the environmental background, while the animal bones illuminate its economy. Wild animal bones are also ecological indicators, and faunal spectra can clarify the status of animals whose place in the human economy is uncertain or changing. The status of the fallow deer in prehistoric Greece is explored from this viewpoint.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prehistoric economy"

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Lucas, L. "Economy and interaction : exploring archaeobotanical contributions in Prehistoric Cyprus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1380771/.

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Recent archaeobotanical results from early Aceramic Neolithic sites on Cyprus (c. 8,500 cal. BC) have put the island in the forefront of debates on the spread of Near Eastern agriculture, with domestic crops appearing on the island shortly after they evolved. The archaeobotanical results from these early Cypriot Aceramic Neolithic sites changed conventional views regarding the Cypriot prehistoric economy, specifically the timing of the introduction of farming to the island. However, what happened after the introduction of agriculture to Cyprus has been less discussed. This thesis explores the role of new crop introductions, local agricultural developments, and intensification in subsequent economic and social developments on Cyprus corresponding with the island’s evidence of ongoing social transformations and changing off-island patterns of contacts. In addition to contributing to discussions on the origins and spread of Near Eastern agriculture, this thesis contributes to current archaeological debates on external contact and the influence of the broader Near East on the development of the island’s prehistoric economy. Further, the primary objective of this research is the comparative quantitative analysis of the Cypriot charred macro botanical record including archaeobotanical data from four recently excavated Cypriot sites, Krittou Marottou-‘Ais Yiorkis, Kissonerga-Skalia, Souskiou-Laona, and Prastion-Mesorotsos. This research is a chronological and regional analysis of the botanical record of Cyprus and a comparison of data from similarly dated sites in the Levantine mainland, Turkey, and Egypt.
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Smith, Scott Cameron. "Venerable geographies spatial dynamics, religion, and political economy in the prehistoric Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1887557061&sid=1&Fmt=7&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 430-465). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Jia, Wei Ming. "Transition from foraging to farming in northeast China." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/653.

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This thesis is using a framework to analyse the process of transition from foraging to farming in northeast China. Tool complexes analysis is the particular method used to retreive prehistoric economies. Based on the result of these case studies about prehistoric economies in northeast China, this thesis attemp to apply the availability model of transition to farming in northern Europe, proposed by Zvelebil and Rowley-Convy, in the new area northeast China. The result of this research has implicated that the transition to farming in prehistory is the result of the interaction between human societies and environment. among many factors in this interaction, the motivation that prehistoric societies choosing agriculture economy to meet social, political and economic needs would have to be the major one leading to the transition occurred.
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Jia, Wei Ming. "Transition from foraging to farming in northeast China." University of Sydney. Philosophical & history enquries, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/653.

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This thesis is using a framework to analyse the process of transition from foraging to farming in northeast China. Tool complexes analysis is the particular method used to retreive prehistoric economies. Based on the result of these case studies about prehistoric economies in northeast China, this thesis attemp to apply the availability model of transition to farming in northern Europe, proposed by Zvelebil and Rowley-Convy, in the new area northeast China. The result of this research has implicated that the transition to farming in prehistory is the result of the interaction between human societies and environment. among many factors in this interaction, the motivation that prehistoric societies choosing agriculture economy to meet social, political and economic needs would have to be the major one leading to the transition occurred.
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Winterhoff, Ernest H. "The political economy of ancient Samoa : basalt adze production and linkages to social status /." Connect to title online (ProQuest) Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6202.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-264). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Connaughton, Sean P. "Onset of pottery in the subsistence economy of prehistoric hunter-gatherers of the St. Johns River Valley." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004864.

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Buchanan, Amanda Dawn. "ARCHAIC PERIOD DOMESTIC ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM THE MONDAY CREEK WORKSHOP SITE (33HO413), SOUTHEASTERN OHIO." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1460666116.

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Formica, Tracy H. "THE DOMESTIC ECONOMY AT LOCUS 2 OF THE ALLEN SITE (33AT653): A LATE WOODLAND – LATE PREHISTORIC HOUSEHOLD IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1154636821.

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Stoner, Wesley Durrell. "COARSE ORANGE POTTERY EXCHANGE IN SOUTHERN VERACRUZ: A COMPOSITIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON CENTRALIZED CRAFT PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE IN THE CLASSIC PERIOD." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2002. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyanth2002t00066/Stoner%5Fthesis2002.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Kentucky, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 171 p. : ill. ; maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-169).
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Antczak, Andrzej. "Late prehistoric economy and society of the islands off the coast of Venezuela : a contextual interpretation of the non-ceramic evidence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317899/.

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Archaeologists have portrayed north-central Venezuela as the seat of the Valencioid 'chiefdom' (a.d. 900-1500) and assumed socio-cultural continuity between the Valencioid culture and the historic Caraca Indians. These assumptions have neither been constructed nor tested on socially meaningful archaeological contexts. My research formulates and tests the cognitive value of the non-ceramic evidence recovered from socially meaningful archaeological contexts on the islands of the Central Coast of Venezuela as sources for understanding the developmental trajectory of the Valencioid polity(ies). The data come from archaeological surveys and excavations on 55 offshore islands and at 47 sites. Through horizontal excavation, off-site control units and statistical control over sample size it is established that the economic purpose for the occupation of a large Valencioid campsite at Dos Mosquises Island (a.d. 1400-1500) was primarily to exploit Conch Shell (Strombus gigas) for food and raw material. Other local resources, such as fishes, lobsters, turtles and birds, were complementary. The conceptual polarity food/artefact, often applied to the archaeofaunal analyses, is replaced by contextual discrimination between food, non-food remains and natural objects, which leads to inferences on social group composition, labour division, specialisation, differential access to food and the exportation of shell raw material outside the islands. The results of the contextual analyses of allochthonous mammal and special purpose artefacts indicate the presence of prominent members of the society (chief, shaman and/or warriors) and the ceremonial character of the core locus at the Dos Mosquises site. It is suggested that the organisation of the insular enterprise is most likely controlled from this core locus. From a macro-regional perspective, the resulting analyses challenge the notion of a 600 yearlong unilinear evolution toward social complexity of the Valencioid polity. The previous view of a straightforward, hegemonic character of this polity is replaced by perspective of recurrent long and short-term changes in the nature and intensity of regional interactions between several polities. These interactions were based on a changing multilateral negotiations of power through trade, co-operativev entures,r esourcee xploitation, intermarriage,c eremonial assistancew, arfare and peace. The purported continuity between the insular Valencioids and the Caraca Indians is not supported by the archaeological data.
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Books on the topic "Prehistoric economy"

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Sherratt, Andrew. Economy and society in prehistoric Europe: Changing perspectives. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997.

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Economy and society in prehistoric Europe: Changing perspectives. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1997.

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Prehistoric Tewa economy: Modeling subsistence production on the Pajarito Plateau. New York: Garland Pub., 1990.

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On the track of a prehistoric economy: Maglemosian subsistence in early postglacial south Scandinavia. Århus [Denmark]: Aarhus University Press, 1994.

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Wattenmaker, Patricia. Household and state in upper Mesopotamia: Specialized economy and the social uses of goods in an early complex society. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.

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Karega-Munene. Holocene subsistence economies in East Africa: A research design. [Nairobi]: University of Nairobi, Dept. of History, 1989.

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Aurignacian lithic economy: Ecological perspectives from Southwestern France. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Pub., 2001.

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Finland), Finnish-Russian Archeological Symposium "Pre-historic Economy and Means of Livelihood" (1992 National Museum of. Fenno-ugri et Slavi, 1992: Prehistoric economy and means of livelihood : papers presented by the participants in the Finnish-Russian Archeological Symposium "Pre-historic Economy and Means of Livelihood," 11-15 May 1992 in the National Museum of Finland. Helsinki: Museovirasto, 1994.

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Matiskainen, Heikki. Studies on the chronology, material culture and subsistence economy of the Finnish Mesolithic, 10 000-6000 b.p. Helsinki: Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistys, 1989.

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How chiefs come to power: The political economy in prehistory. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Prehistoric economy"

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Kowarik, Kerstin, Hans Reschreiter, and Gabriel Wurzer. "Mining with Agents: Modelling Prehistoric Mining and Prehistoric Economy." In Advances in Geographic Information Science, 141–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00008-4_7.

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Doonan, Roger, Bryan Hanks, Dmitry Zdanovich, Elena Kupriyanova, Derek Pitman, Natal’ya Batanina, and James Johnson. "Metals, Society, and Economy in the Late Prehistoric Eurasian Steppe." In Archaeometallurgy in Global Perspective, 755–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9017-3_26.

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Rosenstock, Eva. "Economic Prehistory." In An Economist’s Guide to Economic History, 251–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96568-0_29.

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Megarry, Tim. "A Foraging Economy." In Society in Prehistory, 207–25. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24248-1_9.

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Read, Colin. "An Economic Prehistory to Economic Emperors." In The Rise and Fall of an Economic Empire, 5–12. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230297074_2.

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Rosser, J. Barkley. "The Prehistory of Chaotic Economic Dynamics." In Contemporary Economic Issues, 207–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14540-9_10.

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Gotsis, George. "Economic Policy in the Prehistory of Economics." In Economic Policy and the History of Economic Thought, 13–33. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003228097-2.

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Ostoja-Zagórski, Janusz. "Demographic and Economic Changes in the Hallstatt Period of the Lusatian Culture." In Tribe and Polity in Late Prehistoric Europe, 119–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0777-6_5.

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Hill, J. D. "Pottery and the Expression of Society, Economy and Culture." In Prehistoric Britain, 75–84. Oxbow Books, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dw69.11.

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O'Brien, William. "Mining, Economy, and Society." In Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605651.003.0015.

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The opening chapter of this book considered different factors that influenced the availability of copper resources in prehistory. While geological distribution and technological expertise were critical, consideration must also be given to the wider societal context of production. The operation of early mines must be explained in terms of access to ore deposits and the desire and ability of different population groups to become involved in primary metal production. The impact on local and regional economies is also relevant, in terms of wealth generation through trade and the repercussions for society as a whole. Understanding the organization of this activity is a challenge. Key elements of the chaîne opératoire are often missing, such as the location of smelting sites or the workshops where objects were made. This makes it difficult to establish links between mines and the circulation of intermediate and final metal products in a wider settlement context. With stone tools it is possible to apply production indices to quantify the different stages involved in the use of a specific raw material, with a view to modelling a lithic production system in space (see Ericson 1984). This approach cannot be easily applied to metal objects, which generally have a more complex life cycle than stone tools. This began with a fundamentally different use of a raw material to create a finished object, requiring chemical as well as physical transformation. For this reason, scientific analysis of prehistoric metalwork is problematic in terms of source provenancing to specific ore deposits and mines. There is the further complication of recycling, which in some instances involved the mixing of metal from different mine sources. One approach has been to identify metal circulation zones where copper of a similar chemistry, lead isotope signature, and/ or alloy type was used (e.g. Northover 1982). Within these circulation zones various patterns of primary and secondary (recycled) metal use can be explored in the context of local workshop traditions. This provides a spatial and typochronological context in which to view the input of metal from particular mines.
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Conference papers on the topic "Prehistoric economy"

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Botezatu, Andrei, Natalia Mocanu, and Nicoleta Mateoc-Sirb. "The Pergola system and its benefits in growing table grapes." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.35.

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The grapevine is considered one of the oldest plants cultivated by man, and thanks to its properties such as drought resistance, its taste and decorative qualities, it is more in demand than other plants. On our lands, the grapevine has appeared since prehistoric times, and today it has come to include one of the most important agricultural branches of our country. The Republic of Moldova has rich traditions in growing grapes, both table grapes and wine grapes are produced here. But the climate changes that are increasingly changing our area require the implementation of new technologies, which allow obtaining large, quality harvests with minimal risks. Thus, the establishment of vine plantations according to the Pergola/Tendone system, is one of the most optimal and efficient methods of multiplying the annual harvest.
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Uslu, Kamil. "The History of the Cannabis Plant, its Place in the Economies of Countries, and its Strategic Importance." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02694.

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Cannabis is a plant that is extraordinarily useful and has been used in almost every form for thousands of years by mankind. It is a small family of flowering plants, also known as the cannabis family. This family contains about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis, Humulus, and Celtis. Obtaining the drug, which is a by-product of cannabis, is shown as a potential danger to societies. Despite this, it should not be ignored that hemp is gaining more importance in our global world. The economic and social benefits of cannabis, which are very important in human history, still maintain their place today. It can be said that political preferences are more prominent here. Cannabis has been freely used by a large part of the world's population since prehistoric times. There are countries that stand out in the history of hemp. These; Among the Chinese, Indians, the Native Americans are prominent. The areas where cannabis is used; It acts as a natural filter in paper production, textile industry, agriculture, energy, automotive industry, cleaning carbon dioxide in the air. In addition, hemp, which is widely used in medicine, is a strategic plant that is also used in many areas.
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Reports on the topic "Prehistoric economy"

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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.

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Abstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world.  MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world.  PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies.  COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems.  REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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