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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pregnant'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Rangiah, Julie. "The experiences of pregnant teenagers about their pregnancy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19965.

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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The alarming rate of teenage pregnancies among South Africans became a driving force for the researcher to investigate this particular phenomenon. The goal of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of pregnant teenagers about their pregnancy. Guided by the research question “ What are the experiences of pregnant teenagers about their pregnancy?” a scientific investigation was undertaken. The objectives set for the study were to determine their experience of their current pregnancy; to determine their knowledge of contraceptives; and to explore their experience regarding the services delivered by the health care workers. A phenomenological descriptive design with a qualitative approach was the most suitable scientific method to describe the experiences of pregnant teenagers who attend an antenatal clinic in Chatsworth, Kwazulu Natal. An interview guide or protocol that includes a list of open-ended questions based on the objectives, the literature review, and the professional experience of the researcher was designed and used to explore during each interview. The final sample consisted of ten participants. Experts in the field of nursing and research methodology were consulted to determine the feasibility and content of the study, to evaluate the research process and outcome. The researcher collected the data personally. Data was collected by means of individual interviews. The researcher did the transcription of the interviews. Ethical approval was obtained from Stellenbosch University and the relevant health authorities. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants. Parental permission was obtained for participants under the age of 18 years. Participants younger than 18 years of age also completed an assent form. Data that emerged from the data analysis was coded and categorised into sub-themes and themes. The researcher compiled a written account of the interpretations that emerged from the data analysis. In addition, member checking was done with each participant after individual interviews, to validate the transcribed data. The conceptual framework for this study was adapted from Maslow (1968). The findings suggest that there is a need for parental intervention as far as teenage pregnancy is concerned, financial difficulties associated with poverty was identified as one of the major contributing factor to teenage pregnancy, and attitudes of providers of contraceptives led to teenagers, not using contraceptives in some cases. It is recommended that services at the clinic be improved; health care workers undergo extensive training and education regarding teenage health and sexuality needs. Furthermore review and revitalisation of education programs at schools, to meet the needs of teenagers, which are constantly changing according to the times, are recommended. The involvement of parents and the community in combating issues surrounding teenage pregnancy is vital. Further research is recommended to find solutions to alleviate this problem of teenage pregnancy. All stakeholders need to work together to remedy this social problem as it is not an issue that can be dealt with in isolation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veronrustende voorkoms van tienerswangerskappe onder Suid-Afrikaners was die motiverende faktor vir die navorser om die studie te onderneem. Die doel van die studie was om die ervaringe van swanger tieners ten opsigte van hul swangerskap te identifiseer en te beskryf. Die wetenskaplike ondersoek is gelei deur die navorsingsvraag, “wat is die ervaringe van swanger tieners betreffende swangerskap?” Die doelwitte vir die studie was om te bepaal: die ervaringe van die huidige swangerskap; kennis betreffende voorbehoedmiddels sowel as die ervaring ten opsigte van die dienste soos gelewer deur die gesondheidswerkers. 'n Fenomenologiese, beskrywende ontwerp met 'n kwalitatiewe benadering is as die mees geskikte wetenskaplike metode beskou om die ervaringe van swanger tieners wie 'n voorgeboorte-kliniek in Chatsworth, KwaZulu-Natal bywoon, te beskryf. Die navorser het gebruik gemaak van 'n vooraf opgestelde onderhoud gids, protokol bestaande uit 'n lys van oop vrae gebaseer op die doelwitte, die literatuuroorsig en die professionele ervaring van die navorser. Die finale steekproef was tien deelnemers. Kundiges op die gebied van verpleging en navorsingsmetodologie is geraadpleeg ten opsigte van die haalbaarheid, inhoud van die studie sowel, as om die proses en uitkoms van die navorsing te evalueer. Die data is persoonlik deur die navorser versamel. Data is ingesamel deur middel van individuele onderhoude. Transkripsie van die onderhoude is deur die navorser self-gedoen. Etiese goedkeuring is vooraf verkry vanaf die Universiteit van Stellenbosch sowel as die betrokke gesondheidsowerhede. Ingeligte skriftelike toestemming is verkry van die deelnemers sowel as van die ouers in geval van minderjaige tieners. Tydens die data-analise is data gekodeer en in temas en sub- temas kategoriseer. 'n Skriftelike verslag is saamgestel ooreenkomstig die interpretasie uit die data-analise. Die navorser het na transkripsie met elke onderskeie deelnemer gekontroleer ten einde geldigheid van die data te verseker. Maslow (1968) se teorie is gebruik as konseptuele raamwerk vir die studie. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat daar 'n behoefte is aan ouerlike tussentrede betreffende tienerswangerskappe. Finansiële probleme in verband met armoede is ïdentifiseer as een van die groot bydraende faktore tot tienerswangerskappe, sowel as dat houdings van diegene wat kontrasepsie verskaf daartoe kan lei dat tieners nie wil gebruik maak van voorbehoedmiddels nie. Dit word aanbeveel dat die dienste by die kliniek moet verbeter; gesondheidswerkers uitgebreide opleiding en onderrig moet kry ten opsigte van tienergesondheid en seksualiteit behoeftes. Hersiening en vernuwing van opvoedkundige programme by skole om in die voortdurende veranderende behoeftes van tieners, te voldoen. Die betrokkenheid van ouers en die gemeenskap in die bestryding van kwessies rondom tienerswangerskappe is noodsaaklik. Verdere navorsing word aanbeveel om oplossings te vind om hierdie probleem van tienerswangerskappe aan te spreek. Alle belanghebbendes moet saamwerk om hierdie sosiale probleem op te los.
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2

Beale, V. "Fashioning the pregnant body : wearing pregnant bodies." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289652.

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3

Thomas, Amy N. "Pregnancy intendedness among a low income population." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1311.

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4

Romaniuk, D. G. "Dental status of pregnant women in different trimester of pregnancy." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17830.

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5

Baker, Philip. "Platelet angiotensin II binding in non-pregnant women and in normotensive pregnant and hypertensive pregnant women." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28300/.

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A method for measuring human platelet Angiotensin II (All) binding was validated, and characterisation studies involving 67 non-pregnant subjects were performed. Platelets were found to possess high affinity binding sites with many of the characteristics of receptors. No correlation was found between platelet All binding and the rise in intracellular free calcium after ex vivo All infusion, thus formal validation of the binding sites as receptors was not achieved. In 25 non-pregnant subjects, there was an inverse correlation between platelet All binding and simultaneously measured plasma All (P<0.02). In 10 ovulatory subjects, platelet All binding diminished in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (P<0.02). In a pilot cross-sectional study of platelet All in normotensive pregnancy, incorporating 125 pregnant/postnatal patients, platelet All binding was significantly lower in 1st trimester patients as compared to non-pregnant subjects (P<0.001). Platelet All binding remained low throughout pregnancy. Higher values, approximating to the non-pregnant level, were found 6 weeks postnatally. These findings were confirmed in a longitudinal study .of 30 pregnant women, with a diminution in platelet All binding being suggested by 5-8 weeks gestation (p= 0.02). Inverse correlations in pregnancy between platelet All binding and the components of the renin-angiotensin system were found (P<0.01). There were also significant correlations between platelet All binding and the levels of serum sodium, urea and osmolality (P<0.01). When platelet All binding was measured in 67 patients with established hypertension in pregnancy, binding in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was significantly higher than in normotensive primigravidae (P<0.0001). No differences in binding were found in the puerperium. In a prospective comparison of platelet All binding and the All sensitivity test in predicting the development of PIH, involving 34 subjects, platelet All binding was a more effective discriminant than any of the parameters derived from the All sensitivity test. There was a significant correlation between platelet All binding and the slope of the curve relating the diastolic pressor response to infused All (P<0.01).
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6

Gelsinger, Tamara J. "The role of dietary intake and exercise on maternal weight gain in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=603.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 78 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-50).
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7

Salemans, Thomas Hubertus Bartholomeus. "Fructosamine possibilities and limitations in pregnant and non-pregnant subjects /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6190.

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8

McClelland, Irene Sarah Margaret. "Measurements of urea kinetics in non-pregnant and pregnant women." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295950.

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9

Oviedo, Sonia. "Adolescent Pregnancy: Voices Heard in the Everyday Lives of Pregnant Teenagers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279259/.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the problems that pregnant teenagers encounter at school and at home while they are trying to complete their high school education. Data were collected by in-depth interviews. Twenty pregnant adolescents, who were between the ages of 15 through 18, and were participants in a special teen pregnancy program were interviewed. The major findings in this study included the respondents': 1) unstable family life histories, 2) denial that they were pregnant, 3) need for self-identity as an adult, 4) conflict with parents and 5) motivation to complete their high school education. This study points to the need for more research on the problems that pregnant adolescents encounter in their everyday lives.
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10

Saewyc, Elizabeth Marie. "Meanings of pregnancy and motherhood among out-of-home pregnant adolescents /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7318.

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11

Ramsay, Bruce. "The quantification of nitric oxide production in pregnant and non-pregnant women." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242626.

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12

Maley, Stephen William. "The pathogenesis of neosporosis in experimentally infected non-pregnant and pregnant cattle." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273994.

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13

Goedecke, Diane Murray 1955. "A comparison of personal factors in pregnant and non-pregnant adolescent girls." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277996.

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A descriptive study was conducted to examine if interpersonal (self-reported satisfaction with family and friends) and intrapersonal (sexual-self concept and loneliness) differences existed among pregnant and non-pregnant adolescent girls. Thirty-four adolescent subjects, aged 13-19 years, participated in the study. The subjects completed the Demographic Questionnaire, Family APGAR, Friends APGAR, Sexual-Self Concept and Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Data analyses demonstrated no significant differences in interpersonal and intrapersonal factors in pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.
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14

Muteti, Tabitha Ndinda. "Educational experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescents in pregnant minor education program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/693.

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The objective of this study was to inquire into the educational experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescents enrolled in a pregnant minor program and represent their voices by documenting this inquiry. This is a qualitative study that utilized phenomenological perspective and included a series of three in-depth interviews with six pregnant and parenting students. The focus and aim of the study was to represent the participant's voices on their educational experiences. The participants were pregnant teenagers attending a program in Southern California in the United States of America.
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15

Major, Virginia Smith. "Pregnancy in the workplace stigmatization and work identity management among pregnant employees /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1899.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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16

Kane, Nicole M. "Stromal cell function in non-pregnant endometrium and decidua of early pregnancy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24751.

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The aims of this research project have been to investigate the role of TGFβ1 in mediating factors involved in decidualization, with particular regard to expression of nuclear progesterone receptor (PR), the Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf-1 (DKK) and markers of decidualisation in order to identify a potential role for TGFβ1 in decidualisation and menstruation, and to further characterise the uNK cell to extrapolate how uNK cells may interact with other uterine hormones and ESCs during the secretory phase and early pregnancy. In primary human ESC cultures, both non-decidualised and decidualised in vitro PR and DKK expression levels were downregulated after TGFβ1 treatment in both non-decidualised and decidualised cells but TGFβ1 was without effect on progesterone binding to the progesterone response element (PRE). In addition TGFβ1 treatment of in vitro decidualised ESCs and stromal cells from 1st trimester decidua inhibited production of classical decidualisation markers. SMAD4 knockdown employing siRNA techniques revealed that TGFβ1 was not acting via the SMAD signalling pathway and may be acting via alternative pathways e.g. Wnt, MAP kinase and JNK signalling. Primary cultures of human uNK cells have been used for studying the possibility that LH and hCG may be the hormones responsible for the influx and proliferation of uNK cells. LH/hCG receptors were not expressed on the uNK cells, however, mannose receptors, which have been proposed to bind hCG, were localised to uNK cells. Furthermore, when uNK cells were treated with hCG, colocalisation with hCG and mannose receptors was observed. Further investigation into the interactions between the mannose receptor and LH/hCG would be important in clarifying the mechanisms controlling uNK influx and proliferation. The interactions between ESCs and uNK cells need to be clarified further to assess the roles of uNK cells in reproductive processes. This work has thus revealed a potential novel mechanism for the influx and recruitment of uNK cells mediated by the mannose receptor.
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17

Bottoman, Phathiswa Esona. "Pregnant women’s construction of social support from their intimate partners during pregnancy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62560.

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There is a growing body of research aimed at understanding social support during pregnancy in South Africa. Pregnancy is constantly referred to as one of the challenging and stressful periods affecting women’s physical and psychological well-being. Various research studies on social support argue that social support is paramount at this stage. Research on social support indicates that having adequate and quality social support impacts on how pregnant women experience pregnancy. My interest in social support comes in the wake of absent fathers in South Africa and with the emerging trend of “new” fathers. Although there is a volume of research on social support, it tends to be realist. Using a social constructionist framework, I explore other ways of talking about social support in an attempt to expand the discourse around social support. I explore how pregnant women talk about social support during pregnancy from their intimate partners in the small rural municipality of Elundini, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Intimate partner support was limited to heterosexual partners regardless of their marital status. The sampling procedure followed a non-probability sampling method. Participants of the study were between 24 and 32 years old. Their gestational age ranged between five and eight months. Fourteen in-depth interviews using photo-elicitation were conducted with seven participants and were analysed using a social constructionist informed thematic analysis. The major theme that emerged from the analysis was partner involvement and absence during pregnancy. The analysis of results suggests that expectant father presence translates to social support. Participants constructed his presence as reassurance in the context of possible abandonment. Absence was constructed in different ways: participants constructed absence as unjust and unfair, absence and marriage, temporary absence in the form of cultural phenomenon of ukwaliswa/ukubukubazana, absence as normal but burdening to the pregnant women’s social network. Participants reported that social support from the expectant father affected pregnancy wantedness.
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18

Price, Tabitha. "Periodontal Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Treatment Recommendations for the Pregnant Patient." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2530.

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19

Nwi-ue, Letam. "Predictors of Poor Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in Island Maternity, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7245.

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Pregnancy outcomes have improved tremendously in developed countries. Notwithstanding, it is still a huge challenge in developing countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015 in Nigeria, about 145 women died daily from pregnancy-related causes. Similarly, nearly 2,300 children under 5 years were lost in the same year. Nigeria consistently underperformed in some of the critical pregnancy indicators such as maternal and neonatal mortality, second worst only to India in the world. Studies on poor pregnancy outcomes are scarce in Nigeria. The purpose of this quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional study was to use local evidence to ascertain the risk factors that predict poor pregnancy outcomes for women of childbearing age (15-49 years old) in Nigeria. The theoretical framework for this study was the social cognitive theory. Secondary data from 400 pregnant women from Island Maternity Hospital, Nigeria, was used for this study. Five central research questions were analyzed through univariate and multiple logistic regressions. The results indicated moderate to strong statistically significant associations between outcomes of last pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and the timing of antenatal care booking with maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, and low birth weight, even after controlling for other covariates. Findings from this study may foster positive social change by further enhancing the understanding of poor pregnancy outcomes, especially in Nigeria. It will help public health practitioners, policymakers, community leaders and other stakeholders to design strategies and interventions that will take advantage of cultural and religious norms and educational status of women of childbearing age in promoting reproductive health in Nigeria.
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20

Shelton, Beth Anne. "Embodied experience in pregnancy and post-birth body image and body-directed attending /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/37150.

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Thesis (DPsych) -- School of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007.
Submitted in partial requirement fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Professional Doctorate in Counselling Psychology, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007". "February 2007". Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-256).
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21

Meaney-Delman, Dana. "A Systematic Review of Bacillus anthracis in Pregnant and Postpartum Women." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/216.

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Objective: To describe the worldwide experience of Bacillus anthracis infection reported in pregnant and postpartum women. Data Sources: Studies were identified through MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, and GLOBAL HEALTH databases from inception until April 2012. The keywords [(“anthrax” or “anthracis”) and (“pregna*” or “matern*” or “post partum” or “postpartum” or “puerperal” or “lact*” or “breastfed*” or “fetal” or “fetus” or “neonate” or “newborn” or “abort*” or “uterus”)] were used. In addition, all references from selected articles were reviewed, hand searches were conducted and relevant authors were contacted. Methods of Study Selection: The inclusion criteria were: 1) published articles referring to women diagnosed with an anthrax infection during pregnancy or within six months postpartum, 2) any article type reporting patient-specific data, 3) articles in any language, and 4) non-duplicate cases. Non-English articles were professionally translated. Duplicate reports, unpublished reports and review articles depicting previously identified cases were excluded. Tabulation, Integration and Results: Two authors independently reviewed articles for inclusion. The primary search of the 4 databases yielded 800 articles and the secondary cross-reference search revealed 146 articles. Seven articles from these searches met inclusion criteria. By contacting the lead author of the largest systematic review of inhalation anthrax to date, 6 additional articles, published before the databases’ inception, were identified that met inclusion criteria. In total, 19 cases of anthrax infection were found, 16 in pregnant women and 3 in postpartum women. Conclusions: Based on these case reports, anthrax infection in pregnant and postpartum women is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal death. Evidence of possible maternal-fetal transmission of B. anthracis was identified in early case reports. Transmission of B. anthracis through breast milk has not been reported. This review provides important insight to guide anthrax treatment and prophylaxis recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women.
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22

Shular, Sandra Thompson. "Some factors contributing to African-American pregnant teenagers versus African-American non-pregnant teenagers perceived impact of teen pregnancy on self and significant other." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1991. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2148.

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The overall objective of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in African-American pregnant and non-pregnant teenagers perceived impact of teen pregnancy on self and significant other. To attain this objective, the following factors were addressed by the researcher: (1) parents' income, (2) attitude toward premarital sex, (3) attitude toward teen pregnancy, (4) family relationship, (5) peer relationship, (6) relationship with mother, and (7) importance of religion. This was a comparative study. Subjects were 10 pregnant adolescent females and 10 never pregnant females, ages 14 through 19, who attended North Clayton High School, in College Park, GA. A structured questionnaire was administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and are reported in terms of frequency and percentage. Cross tabulations were used to compare the relationship of the two groups. The results showed that for this sample population premarital sex and teenage pregnancy are regarded as personal choices. Regardless of income, family relationships, or importance of religion, adolescents tended to express a high level of social tolerance for both. The hypothesis that there is no significant difference in African-American pregnant teenagers versus non-pregnant teenagers perceived impact of teen pregnancy on self and significant others was rejected.
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23

Meshberg-Cohen, Sarah. "Panic Disorder, Trait Anxiety, and Risk Drinking in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1383.

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24

Flesch, Jason S., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Nutritional requirements of pregnant and lactating pregnant and lactating fallow deer (Dama dama)." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Flesch_J.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/562.

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This thesis describes a number of experiments undertaken to assess the nutritional requirements of pregnant and lactating fallow does with the aim of enhancing production and Quality Assurance in the Australian Deer Industry.Areas of study include determination of metabolisable energy intake of farmed fallow deer does of two genotypes throughout pregnancy and lactation, metabolisable energy intake of fallow deer fawns from 12 to 20 weeks of age and the effects of restricted maternal nutrition on foetal and placental development at different stages of gestation.In conjunction with nutritional adequacy, a body condition scoring system based on ante-mortem and post-mortem descriptors was developed for fallow deer. The results of this research make possible the precise strategic feeding of fallow deer breeding stock, which should lead to more consistent reproductive performance and higher quality slaughter animals. Furthermore, use of strategic feeding in conjunction with BCS systems will lead to better resource management and profitability, as farmers consistently produce animals to specification
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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25

Wichelhaus, Daniel Peter. "Control of inositol polyphosphate production in pregnant and non pregnant guinea pig uterus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333176.

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26

Phillips, Margaret (Margaret Jean) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Dis/embodying the pregnant subject: representations of the pregnant body in medical interviews." Ottawa, 1994.

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27

Klinger, Ingrid. "The nutritional status of pregnant women in relation to alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16365.

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Thesis (MVoeding)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy is teratogenic.49-51 A woman’s nutritional requirements increase during pregnancy.4 The dangers of heavy drinking in the presence of malnutrition may put the fetus at a further disadvantage to normal development and life. Objectives: To determine the nutritional status of pregnant women in relation to alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and pregnancy outcome. To relate the combined effect of maternal alcohol consumption and nutritional status to pregnancy outcome. Study design: Prospective, longitudinal and cohort. Study population: Pregnant women attending Hanover Park MOU for pre-natal care. They were classified as subjects (heavy drinkers) or controls (light drinkers or abstainers), and 15 pairs were matched according to race, parity and gestational age at the onset of their participation in the study. Methodology: A skilled FARR worker determined the alcohol consumption of the individuals through a validated questionnaire, whilst the investigator gathered the study data blinded to the participants’ alcohol consumption status. The investigator conducted three interviews with the pregnant individuals. Anthropometrical, clinical and biochemical investigations were done and questionnaires completed to determine dietary intake, sociodemographics, health and eating habits. An experienced FARR paediatrician examined the newborns, assessing their anthropometric status, health and the presence of any alcohol-related signs. Results: The nutritional status of the matched subjects and controls did not differ significantly in terms of dietary intake, anthropometric or clinical assessment. There were significant differences between the 2 groups’ serum vitamin A values (p<0.0097). Significant associations were found between the mother and newborn data; specifically energy intake and gestational age at birth (p<0.0083), MUAC and birth weight (p<0.04), and weight gain and weight for age (p<0.0056). The participants’ energy intake also had a significant correlation with their weight gain during pregnancy (r=0.0389, p<0.01). The prevalence of FAS in the total population was 6.67%; a finding that confirms previously reported data in nearby Wellington, Western Cape.49 Conclusion: Some mothers’ good nutritional status did not protect their offspring against alcohol’s teratogenic effects. Nutritional status did have a few statistical significant effects on pregnancy. However, the investigator is of the opinion that the few significant findings were not enough to accept or reject the hypothesis; therefore, making the results inconclusive.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Swaar alkoholgebruik tydens swangerskap is teratogenies.49-51 Vroue se voedingsbehoeftes verhoog met swangerskap.4 Die gevare van swaar alkoholgebruik in die teenwoordigheid van wanvoeding mag die fetus verhoed om normal te ontwikkel en groei. Doelwitte: Om die voedingstatus van swanger vroue te bepaal in verhouding met alkoholgebruik tydens swangerskap, en die swangerskapsuitkoms. Asook om die gekombineerde effek van die moeder se voedingstatus en alkoholgebruik op haar swangerskapsuitkoms te bepaal. Studie-ontwerp: Prospektief, longitudinaal en kohort. Studiepopulasie: Swanger vroue wat Hanover Park MOU besoek vir voorgeboorte sorg. Hulle is of as toetslinge (swaar drinkers) of as kontroles (ligte drinkers of geheelonthouers) geklassifiseer, en 15 pare is gepaar na aanleiding van ras, pariteit en gestasionele ouderdom by die aanvang van deelname aan die studie. Metodologie: ‘n Ervare SAVN lid het die individue se alkoholgebruik bepaal deur middel van ‘n gevalideerde vraelys. Die navorser was geblind vir die individue se alkoholgebruik. Die navorser het drie onderhoude gevoer met elke individu. Antropometriese, kliniese en biochemiese ondersoeke is gedoen. Vraelyste is voltooi om dieetinname, gesondheid, sosiodemografiese en eetgewoonte- inligting te versamel. ‘n Ervare SAVN pediater het alle pasgeborenes ondersoek om hulle antropometriese status, gesondheid en die teenwoordigheid van enige alkohol-verwante tekens te bepaal. Resultate: Die voedingstatus van die gepaarde toets-en kontrolegroepe het nie beduidend verskil in terme van dieetinname, antropometriese of kliniese evaluering nie. Daar was ‘n beduidende verskil tussen die 2 groepe se serum vitamien A vlakke (p<0.0097). Beduidende assosiasies is gevind tussen die moeder en pasgebore se data; naamlike tussen energie-inname en gestasionele ouderdom by geboorte (p<0.0083), bo-armomtrek en geboortegewig (p<0.0056), en gewigstoename tydens swangerskap en die baba se gewig vir ouderdom (p<0.0056). Die deelnemers se energie-inname het ook ‘n beduidende positiewe korrelasie met hul gewigstoename tydens swangerskap gehad (r=0.0389, p<0.01). Die prevalensie van FAS in die totale populasie was 6.67%; wat ook gevind is onlangs in die nabygeleë Wellington, Weskaap.49 Gevolgtrekking: Sommige moeders se goeie voedingstatus het nie hul kinders teen alkohol se teratogeniese effekte beskerm nie. Voedingstatus se effek op swangerskapsuitkoms was statisties beduidend in ‘n paar gevalle. Tog is die navorser van mening dat daar nie genoeg beduidende bewyse is om die nulhipotese te aanvaar of verwerp nie; dus is die gevolgtrekking onopgelos.
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Rakchanok, Noochpoung, Dejpitak Amporn, Yoshitoku Yoshida, Harun-Or-Rashid Md, and Junichi Sakamoto. "Dental Caries and Gingivitis among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Chiang Mai, Thailand." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12908.

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Bergeria, Cecilia Louise. "Comparing the Smoking Topography of Usual Brand Cigarettes in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Smokers." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/676.

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Introduction: Most pregnant smokers report abruptly reducing their cigarettes per day (CPD) by ~50% shortly after learning of pregnancy and of making further smaller reductions over the remainder of their pregnancy. Laboratory and naturalistic studies with non-pregnant smokers have found that these types of reductions often lead to changes in smoking topography (i.e., changes in smoking intensity to maintain a desired blood-nicotine level). 19, 20 If pregnant women engage in compensatory smoking, they may expose themselves and their offspring to the same level of toxicants despite reporting reductions in CPD. Methods: Pregnant and non-pregnant female smokers (n = 17 and 91, respectively) participated. At the experimental session, after biochemical confirmation of acute abstinence, all participants smoked one of their usual brand cigarettes ad lib through a Borgwaldt CReSS Desktop Smoking Topography device. Carbon monoxide (CO) and measures of nicotine withdrawal, craving, and reinforcement derived from smoking were also collected. Results: The two groups did not differ on any demographic or smoking characteristics at screening, except nicotine metabolism rate, which as expected, was faster in pregnant smokers. Analyses suggest that none of the smoking topography parameters differed between pregnant and non-pregnant smokers, although pregnant smokers had a significantly smaller CO boost. Both groups reported similar levels of relief of withdrawal and craving after smoking, but other self-report data suggest that pregnant smoker find smoking less reinforcing than non-pregnant smokers. Conclusions: Pregnant smokers do not smoke cigarettes differently as compared to non-pregnant female smokers, but appear to find smoking less reinforcing.
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Kelsey, Caroline Malory. "Stressed, Pregnant, and Behind Bars." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626815.

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Bayingana, Claude. "The prevalence of members of the "red complex" in pregnant women as revealed by PCR and BANA hydrolysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Increased levels of oestrogen and progesterone during pregnancy may lead to periodontal disease. The anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria called red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola) are frequently associated with periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens produce toxins and enzymes which can enter the bloodstream and cross the placenta to harm the foetus. The response of the mother&rsquo
s immune system to infection by these periodontopathogens, brings about the release of inflammatory mediators which may trigger preterm labour or result in low birth-weight infants. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of red complex, using BANA and PCR in subginginval plaque samples from pregnant women. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from pregnant women between the ages of 17 to 45 years attending a Mitchells Plain ante-natal clinic. Plaque samples were analyzed by the enzymatic BANA-test for detection of the presence of red complex and DNA was extracted and analyzed using 16 rDNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Seventy-nine percent of pregnant women showed gingival index scores of &ge
1 of which 74.24% harboured by at least one of the members of the red complex. P.gingivalis was the most prevalent of the three members of the red complex. Findings of this study confirmed a need for dental preventive measures in pregnant women and microbial monitoring of suspected periodontopathogenes. This could be achieved by joint cooperation between Maternity Obstetric Units (MOU), Dentistry and oral microbiology departments. The results of this study revealed that although PCR is more sensitive than BANA in detecting members of the red complex, BANA showed a better association with the indices used to diagnose periodontal disease.
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Lau, Ying. "The roles of social support in antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms and family conflicts among Hong Kong Chinese women a three-wave prospective longitudinal study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37686392.

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Herman, Darmawan Sutham Nanthamongkolchai. "Intention to exclusive breast feeding among pregnant women in North Minahasa, Indonesia /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737946.pdf.

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King, Rebecca. "The effects of smoking on blood cells, and the association between smoking and nutrient intake among pregnant women residing in northern West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1297.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 33 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-32).
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35

Watts, A. D. "Endocrine control of myometrial function in pregnant and non-pregnant miniature pigs, (Sus scrofa L.)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372038.

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Suroso, Triono Adi. "Development Of Methodology For Characterization Of The Vaginal Microbiome In Non-Pregnant And Pregnant Women." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19748.

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Background: Preterm birth is a multifactorial obstetric problem and inclusion of other investigative factors may improve our ability to define risk of an early onset of labour. A variety of vaginal microbiological infections have been associated with preterm birth. Appropriate recognition and effective treatment of vaginal colonization with pathogenic organisms may reduce the rate of preterm delivery. Recently, some studies have demonstrated an association between vaginal colonization bacteria and short cervical length. There are also data demonstrating the potential for molecular characterization of vaginal flora using 16S rRNA qPCR assays which may lend themselves more readily to mass screening than the current process of microbiological culture. Methods: This prospective study of pregnant and non-pregnant women was conducted between 15 April 2014 and 17 September 2014 at The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (Women and Babies. This study involved collection of vaginal secretion samples using swabs and probe cover sheaths at the same time transvaginal scanning for either cervical length measurement or reproductive tract assessment. Two methods of sample collections were used vaginal swabs and protective condom sheath and these were stored in two different transport medias; PreservCyt solution for samples from the first vaginal swab and protective condom, and Amies agar gel medium for the second vaginal swab sample. 16S rRNA analysis was used for qPCR assays analysis of the four selected bacterial species: L. iners, L. jensenii, A. vaginae and G. vaginalis. The presence of those bacteria in qPCR results was interpreted. Results: Twenty-nine women were recruited from 15 May 2014 to 17 September 2014 including 19 pregnant women presenting for an antenatal ultrasound including cervical screening for preterm birth at 18-24 weeks’ gestation and 10 non-pregnant women having a baseline scan as part of the investigative workup for fertility / IVF assessment. A total of 87 iv vaginal samples were collected from the 29 patients. The condom / PreservCyt ThinPrep method appear to produce most reproducible PCR results. This method had Kappa values of 0.75, 0.50, 0.86, and 0.8 for L. iners, L. jensenii, A. vaginae, and G. vaginalis respectively. The average level of agreement between the two sample runs was 87.4%. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for this method were also relatively high 0.76, 0.52, 0.87 and 0.85 for L. iners, L. jensenii, A. vaginae and G. vaginalis respectively. Of the 21 women reviewed, prevalence L. iners: 13/16 (81.3%) pregnant women and 4/5(80.0%) non-pregnant women, L. jensenii: 9/16 (56.3%) pregnant women and 2/5(40.0%) non-pregnant women. A. vaginae: 7/16 (43.8%) pregnant women and 2/5(40%) non-pregnant women. G. vaginalis: 9/16 (56.3%) pregnant women and 1/5(20.0%) non-pregnant women. The sensitivity and specificity of the condom as a novel sampling method, when compared to the swab/PreservCyt method, were 71.4% and 60% for L. iners, 50% and 75% for L. jensenii, 66.7% and 75% for A. vaginae, and 40% and 71.4% for G. vaginalis respectively. (p>0.05). Conclusion: The novel condom / PreservCyt ThinPrep sampling method appears to have value and is worthy of further development and investigation.
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Delcourt, Sarah E. "A healthy pregnancy outcome brochure to educate women of childbearing age and pregnant women." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596459.

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The purpose of this project was to create a brochure based on current healthy pregnancy outcome recommendations with additional recommendations for reducing organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure and promotion of nutrition quality of organic versus conventionally grown food. Specific objectives of the project were: (a) review the literature and depth of the problem, (b) review existing similar healthy pregnancy outcome educational material, (c) develop a brochure for the purpose of educating women of childbearing age and pregnant women about healthy pregnancy outcome recommendations, and (d) develop tools to measure learner comprehension of the information presented in the brochure, as well as obtain recommendations for improving the brochure. An expert panel reviewed the brochure and modifications were made based on their suggestions. Implementing the resulting evidence-based brochure could help increase healthy pregnancy outcomes and improve the overall health of women and children.

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Levy, Valerie Anne. "Facilitating and making informed choices during pregnancy : a study of midwives and pregnant women." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6002/.

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Over the past several years various authors and Government reports have urged that women be enabled to make informed choices regarding their care during pregnancy and childbirth. The facilitation and making of these choices involves complex processes, however, which apparently have not yet been studied in depth; this is the purpose of this study. A grounded theory approach to data collection and analysis has been used within a interpretive framework, influenced by symbolic interaction, to develop middle range, substantive theory. Mid, Arives and pregnant women were accessed from four maternity units. Data were collected by means of loosely structured interviews and observation. All 48 interviews were transcribed and provided the main source of data. Convenience sampling was supplemented later in the study by theoretical sampling. Data were analysed and theoretical frameworks constructed according to grounded theory method. Several strategies were used to confirm the trustworthiness of the data and their analysis. From the midwives data, the core category was identified as Protective Steering, whereby midwives tried to steer the women and themselves through various pitfalls and dilemmas. Substantive categories were Orienting, Raising Awareness and Protective Gatekeeping. The core category emerging from the women's data was Maintaining Equilibrium, whereby the woman attempted to make decisions that would preserve the balance of her life, and that of her family. Substantive categories were Regulating, Contextualising and Actioning. The category which linked the two sets of data and theoretical frameworks was named Balancing: Walking a Tightrope. Two main over-arching issues emerged as power and trust. Issues of power related to the study are discussed mainly in terms of Foucault's and Lukes' interpretations of power. Trust is discussed in relation to existing theories and their application to this study. Recommendations for midwifery practice are made, together with hypotheses for further exploration.
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Wang, Xingyue, and 王星月. "Diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206966.

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Background Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) poses significant risk for maternal and neonatal health. Various guidelines have recommended healthy diets and enhancing physical activity during pregnancy to prevent excessive GWG. However, results of intervention studies are inconsistent in the developed countries, and there are no official guidelines and few interventions for GWG in China. This paper aims to review and synthesize relevant studies on diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG so that practical suggestions can be provided to public health authorities in China. Methods This systematic review was performed using PubMed, Google and Google Scholar to search all relevant studies in English and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated diet and physical activity interventions to limit excessive GWG up to May 2014. The quality of included studies was assessed using CONSORT statement and JADAD scale. Results Nine studies describing diet and physical activity interventions to prevent excessive GWG were incorporated in the systematic review. Overall, the contents of interventions were diverse, which consisted of one-to-one counselling, and community-based physical activity interventions. Weekly mailed newsletters and supportive telephone calls were used as assistive tools to remind pregnant women of limiting excessive GWG. Seven studies showed less weight gain in pregnant women receiving the intervention, of which four studies demonstrated a reduction in excessive GWG in women with varying body mass index (BMI) spanning the normal, overweight and obese categories, while three studies reported a reduction of excessive GWG only in normal weight women and obese women need to be paid attention in the future. Conclusions The effectiveness of diet and physical interventions to limit excessive GWG may not be confirmed because of limited quality or sample size of intervention studies. However, studies have demonstrated reduction of excessive GWG during pregnancy, in addition to persistent healthy behaviours following such interventions during pregnancy. Further meta-analyses of RCTs studies should be done to confirm the effectiveness of such interventions among Chinese women.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Tsun, Ka-lai Obe. "Cervical cytology screening in pregnant women /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36586547.

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Lennard, Simon N. "Growth factor production in pregnant equids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361005.

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Tsun, Ka-lai Obe, and 秦家麗. "Cervical cytology screening in pregnant women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501100X.

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Parks, Sally A. "Calcium study : pregnant care coordination clients." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115427.

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Grinko, Natalia Valerianivna, and Swati. "The prenatal counseling in pregnant women." Thesis, SSS BSMU, 2018. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/14296.

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Fletcher, Tifani R., Andrea D. Clements, Beth A. Bailey, and Lana McGrady. "Stress, Self-Esteem, and Pregnant Smokers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7269.

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Over 30% of women in Northeast Tennessee smoke during pregnancy. Understanding how psychosocial variables relate to smoking status and amount is important for cessation interventions. During pregnancy, this information is even more imperative, as the well-being of the developing child is also at risk. Stress, self-esteem, and smoking have the potential to be modified during pregnancy to improve pre- and postnatal health outcomes for the mother and child. Stress levels have been clearly linked to smoking habits; however, the research on self-esteem and smoking habits has been mixed. The purpose of the current study was to analyze stress and self-esteem in pregnancy, and to examine how they are both related to smoking status. Data were analyzed using questionnaire responses acquired from 581 TIPS (Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers) participants during their first trimester. TIPS is a state funded project which enrolls smokers and nonsmokers. Participants met with a case manager at their prenatal care provider, and completed a packet of questionnaires which included the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP), and several questions inquiring about their past and current smoking status. The participants were paid $20 for each research meeting. The PPP instrument is a composite measure of stress, self-esteem and social support. Both stress t (485.27) = -6.01, p < 0.001, and self-esteem t (573) = 5.60, p < 0.001 measures were significantly different for smokers and non-smokers As predicted, stress levels were higher and self-esteem levels were lower in pregnant smokers compared to non-smokers. The full direct logistic regression model predicting smoking status based on stress and self-esteem, controlling for age and marital status was significant, χ2 (2, n = 575) = 35.02, p < .001. Stress, self-esteem, and marital status all made significant contributions to the model. Because both stress and self-esteem levels were related to smoking status during pregnancy, efforts to change stress and self-esteem levels in pregnancy should be investigated as a possible aid to smoking cessation efforts. Future research should also investigate how stress and self-esteem levels may change over time throughout pregnancy and how that may affect birth outcomes, such as low birth weight or premature delivery.
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Goderwis, Allison. "HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PREGNANT WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/60.

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Health care providers’ (N = 421) implicit perceptions of pregnant women based on age, race or ethnicity, marital status, and socioeconomic status are assessed through a true-experiment design. Ordinal and binary regression analyses revealed that respondents felt more pity for an unmarried than married pregnant woman and more anger toward an unemployed pregnant woman without health insurance compared to a pregnant woman who was employed with health insurance. Male, Asian, and Hispanic respondents were less likely to help the pregnant woman, Black and protestant respondents were more likely to express some degree of anger toward the pregnant woman, and male and protestant respondents assigned more responsibility to the woman for her pregnancy. Additionally, respondents’ open-ended suggestions varied based on the pregnant woman’s characteristics. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Boekkooi, Peter Focco. "Aspects of blood volume regulation in pregnancy a study in the awake late-pregnant rat /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5600.

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Vo, Cindy Ngoc. "Pregnant and parenting teens' attitudes toward pregnancy and motherhood and their perceptions of social support." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Cyphers, Natalie, Andrea D. Clements, and Jody L. Ralph. "The Relationship between Religiosity and Health-Promoting Behaviors in Pregnant Women at Pregnancy Resource Centers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7245.

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Nwafor, A. O. "Reasons pregnant women who attend antenatal care in Mecklenburg Hospital eat soil." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/198.

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Thesis (M Med.(Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo, 2008.
Objective: To determine what proportion of pregnant women attending antenatal care in Mecklenburg Hospital eat soil. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Mecklenburg Hospital. Results: A total 273 pregnant women participated in the study, of which 85% eat soil. The majority (74%) were single, mean age of 26 years. About seventy-eight percent had secondary education. Most of the women were unemployed. The majority of women believed that soil eating gives energy, taste nice, makes women feel strong, and makes stomach feel full. The other reason given by these women is that soil eating protects unborn baby from poison, gives nutrients to unborn baby, prevent prolonged labor, stops morning sickness. Conclusion: We conclude that the majority of pregnant women seen at Mecklenburg Hospital eat soil. There was not direct relationship between education level and nutritional reasons for eating soil. Furthermore, fetal and maternal reasons for eating soil were not associated with education level.
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