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Maíllo-Fernández, José-Manuel, Juan Marín, Irene Solano-Megías, David Uribelarrea, David Martín-Perea, Julia Aramendi, Alicia Medialdea, et al. "Victoria Cabrera Site: A Middle Stone Age site at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania." Quaternary International 526 (August 2019): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.07.032.
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Thompson, A. N., M. B. Ferguson, D. J. Gordon, G. A. Kearney, C. M. Oldham, and B. L. Paganoni. "Improving the nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy increases the fleece weight and reduces the fibre diameter of their progeny's wool during their lifetime and these effects can be predicted from the ewe's liveweight profile." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10161.
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Nutrition of ewes during pregnancy can have permanent impacts on the production potential of their progeny. The hypothesis tested in the experiments reported in this paper was that improving the nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation increases the fleece weight and reduces the fibre diameter of their progeny’s wool during their lifetime. In addition, that these effects on the progeny’s wool production can be predicted from the ewe’s liveweight profile. At sites in Victoria and Western Australia in each of 2 years, a wide range in the liveweight and condition score profiles of Merino ewes was generated by varying the amount of supplements fed from joining to Day 100 of pregnancy and the amount of feed on offer grazed from Day 100 to weaning. The site in Victoria was based on perennial pastures and included both single- and twin-bearing ewes whereas the site in Western Australia was based on annual pastures and included single-bearing ewes only. The production and characteristics of wool from the progeny were measured until 51 months of age at the site in Victoria and 33 months of age at the site in Western Australia. The nutritional treatments and the resulting changes in ewe liveweight had significant impacts on the fleece weight and to a lesser extent the fibre diameter of wool produced by their progeny, but there were no consistent effects on other characteristics of progeny fleece wool. The fleece weight of the progeny was related to the liveweight change during pregnancy of their mothers (P < 0.05) and the relationships were similar for the two experiments at each site. At the site in Victoria, a loss of 10 kg in ewe liveweight between joining and Day 100 of pregnancy reduced fleece weight by ~0.2 kg at each shearing until 51 months of age whereas gaining 10 kg from Day 100 of pregnancy to lambing had the opposite effect. The effect of changes in ewe liveweight during late pregnancy on the fleece weight of their progeny at each shearing was of similar magnitude at the site in Western Australia. When evident, the effect of the ewe liveweight profile on the fibre diameter of progeny wool was opposite to the effect on clean fleece weight and the effect of poor nutrition in early to mid pregnancy could be completely overcome by improving nutrition during late pregnancy. Twin-born and reared progeny produced ~0.3 kg less clean wool at each shearing (P < 0.001) that was 0.3-μm broader (P < 0.001) than that from single-born progeny at the site in Victoria. However, the effects of varying ewe nutrition and ewe liveweight change during pregnancy on fleece weight and fibre diameter of progeny wool were similar (P > 0.05) for both single- and twin-born or reared progeny. Overall, these results supported our hypothesis and it is clear that the nutritional management of Merino ewes during pregnancy is important for optimal wool production from their progeny during their lifetime.
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Xu, Shangzhi, Weiming Wang, Qian Li, Li Huang, Xi Chen, Xu Zhang, Xiaoyi Wang, et al. "Association of Maternal Longitudinal Hemoglobin with Small for Gestational Age during Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071403.
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Background: Few studies have investigated the association of maternal longitudinal hemoglobin (Hb) with small for gestational age during pregnancy. The current study examined the associations of maternal Hb concentrations and Hb changes throughout the middle and late stages of pregnancy with small for gestational age (SGA) in a large prospective cohort study. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study, which enrolled pregnant women at 8–16 weeks of gestation and followed up regularly. Maternal Hb concentrations were measured at the middle (14–27 weeks) and late (28–42 weeks) stages of pregnancy, and the Hb change from the middle to late stage of pregnancy was assessed. The Log-Poisson regression model was used to identify the association of maternal Hb with SGA, including the implications of Hb during specific pregnancy periods and Hb change across the middle to late stages of pregnancy. Of the total 3233 singleton live births, 208 (6.4%) were SGA. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with Hb 110–119 g/L, Hb ≥ 130 g/L at late pregnancy was significantly associated with a higher risk of SGA (adjusted RR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.13). When Hb changes from the middle to late stages of pregnancy were classified by tertiles, the greatest change in the Hb group (<−6.0 g/L) was significantly associated with a lower risk of SGA (adjusted RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.85) compared with the intermediate group (−6.0~1.9 g/L). In conclusion, for women at low risk of iron deficiency, both higher Hb concentrations in late pregnancy and less Hb reduction during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of SGA.
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Yanbin, Shen. "Jurassic conchostracans from Carapace Nunatak, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 6, no. 1 (March 1994): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000131.
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Fossiliferous horizons of the Ferrar Group at Carapace Nunatak of southern Victoria Land have yielded the richest and most diverse freshwater Jurassic biota hitherto recorded from Antarctica. Fossil conchostracans are the most important in terms of number of individuals and distributional area. Scanning electron microscopy is used to establish a new genus and species (Carapacestheria balli), and Cyzicus (Lioestheria) disgregaris Tasch is attributed to Carapacestheria disgregaris (Tasch) emend. The conchostracan fauna of the Ferrar Group, characterized by Carapacestheria, is probably of early Middle Jurassic age.
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Turner, S., and G. C. Young. "Thelodont scales from the Middle-Late Devonian Aztec Siltstone, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000142.
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A new fossil agnathan, Turinia antarctica sp. nov., based on numerous isolated scales, comes from the lower fish-bearing beds of the Aztec Siltstone. Scales from moraine at Mount Suess, originally described as selachian or psammosteid heterostracan, are referred to the new species which shows close affinity with T. gondwana from Bolivia and T. cf. hutkensis from Iran. Reassessment of the biostratigraphy of Middle Devonian turiniid scales suggests that the lower part of the Aztec Siltstone may be of Eifelian age.
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McNabb, John, and Peter Beaumont. "Excavations in the Acheulean Levels at the Earlier Stone Age Site of Canteen Koppie, Northern Province, South Africa." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 78 (2012): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027109.
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The fluvial gravels of the river Vaal in South Africa have long been known as a source for Earlier Stone Age (ESA) artefacts. Most were discovered through the open cast mining for diamonds that has left very littlein situfluvial sediment remaining today. The site of Canteen Koppie is an internationally famous location with a reputation for prolific Acheulean artefacts, especially handaxes and the enigmatic prepared core and Levallois-like technology known as Victoria West. Our understanding of this site, and most other Vaal locations, is almost solely based on highly selected artefact collections. Here, we report on the first controlled excavations ever to be conducted at Canteen Koppie. The deposits are likely to date to the Early and Middle Pleistocene, and our excavations sample the full depth of the stratigraphic sequence. The lower units, first identified in these excavations, add a considerable time depth to the Acheulean occupation of the site, making this the longest chrono-stratigraphic sequence in South Africa to our knowledge. Given the current international interest in the origins of Levallois/prepared core technology (PCT), its occurrence in Unit 2b Upper, and its presence alongside Victoria West technology in Unit 2a has significant implications for debates on the role of Victoria West in the origins of PCT. From the Canteen Koppie evidence, Levallois and Victoria West are clearly rooted in the Acheulean.
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Yasmin, Shakila, Rukhsana Aziz, Muhammad Hassan, and Mehak Fatima. "TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 06 (June 10, 2018): 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.06.287.
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Objectives: To compare efficacy of extra-amniotic Foley’s catheter balloon aloneversus combined use of Foley’s catheter balloon and extra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandinF2-alpha in therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy. Study Design: Randomizedcontrolled trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital,Bahawalpur. Period: Two years. July 2014 to June 2016. Sample Technique: Non-probability,consecutive sampling technique. Patients & Methods: A total of 256 patients, 16 to 38 years ofage with fetal death or missed abortion on ultrasonography in 2nd trimester (14-24 gestationalweeks) of pregnancy were included in the study. Patients with previous uterine surgery, multiplepregnancies and parity>3 were excluded. Then selected patients were placed randomly intotwo groups i.e. Group A (extra-amniotic Foley’s catheter balloon alone) & Group B (Foley’scatheter balloon along with extra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F2-alpha), by using lotterymethod. Outcome variables like efficacy i.e. expulsion of fetus within 24 hours of induction, werenoted. Results: The mean age of women in group A was 24.51 ± 4.77 and in group B was 24.29± 4.48 years. The mean gestational age in group A was 21.65 ± 2.01 weeks and in group Bwas 21.28 ± 1.93 weeks. Efficacy was 103 (80.47%) in group A (extra-amniotic Foley’s catheterballoon alone) and 119 (92.97%) in group B (combined use of Foley’s catheter balloon andextra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F2-alpha) with p-value of 0.003. Conclusion: Thisstudy concluded that combined use of Foley’s catheter balloon and extra-amniotic instillationof prostaglandin F2-alpha is better and more efficacious than extra-amniotic Foley’s catheterballoon alone in therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy.
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Cole, D. E., L. S. Baldwin, and L. J. Stirk. "Increased serum sulfate in pregnancy: relationship to gestational age." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 866–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.6.866.
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Abstract Controlled-flow ion chromatography has significantly improved the precision with which inorganic sulfate (SO4) can be measured in serum. In this study, we have shown that serum SO4 is increased in pregnancy. The increase appears to follow gestational age, resulting in a 39% higher value by the middle of the third trimester. We suggest that this increase is a natural physiological process, which enhances SO4 availability to the growing fetus and placenta.
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Erdtmann, Bernd-D., and Jack W. Botsford. "A new early Tremadoc (La1) graptolite faunule from western Newfoundland: its Australian affinity and biofacies relations." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 23, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e86-078.
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The biostratigraphic and depth-related ecostratigraphic significance of a newly discovered graptolite–phyllocarid faunule containing diminutive Rhabdinopora enigma and Anisograptus compactus of early to middle Tremadoc age from the Cooks Brook Formation (Humber Arm Supergroup) is described and discussed. The faunule is identical with the La1 (Lancefieldian) graptolite–phyllocarid-bearing black shale "band" of Victoria, Australia, which was until now only known from two or three outcrops in Victoria and a single bed in northern Norway. This graptolite faunule probably represents a very distal shelf-marginal or open-ocean correlative of the Cap des Rosiers (Quebec) and Green Point (Cow Head Group, Newfoundland) late early Tremadoc anisograptid graptolite biofacies realm.
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Garrett, Nicole D., David L. Fox, Kieran P. McNulty, J. Tyler Faith, Daniel J. Peppe, Alex Van Plantinga, and Christian A. Tryon. "Stable isotope paleoecology of Late Pleistocene Middle Stone Age humans from the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya." Journal of Human Evolution 82 (May 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.005.
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Smellie, John L., and Sergio Rocchi. "Chapter 5.1a Northern Victoria Land: volcanology." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 347–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-60.
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AbstractNeogene volcanism is widespread in northern Victoria Land, and is part of the McMurdo Volcanic Group. It is characterized by multiple coalesced shield volcanoes but includes a few relatively small stratovolcanoes. Two volcanic provinces are defined (Hallett and Melbourne), with nine constituent volcanic fields. Multitudes of tiny monogenetic volcanic centres (mainly scoria cones) are also scattered across the region and are called the Northern Local Suite. The volcanism extends in age between middle Miocene (c.15 Ma) and present but most is <10 Ma. Two centres may still be active (Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann). It is alkaline, varying between basalt (basanite) and trachyte/rhyolite. There are also associated, geographically restricted, alkaline gabbro to granite plutons and dykes (Meander Intrusive Group) with mainly Eocene–Oligocene ages (52–18 Ma). The isotopic compositions of the plutons have been used to infer overall cooling of climate during the Eocene–Oligocene. The volcanic sequences are overwhelmingly glaciovolcanic and are dominated by ‘a‘ā lava-fed deltas, the first to be described anywhere. They have been a major source of information on Mio-Pliocene glacial conditions and were used to establish that the thermal regime during glacial periods was polythermal, thus necessitating a change in the prevailing paradigm for ice-sheet evolution.
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Gladkochub, D. P., T. V. Donskaya, R. E. Ernst, M. A. Hamilton, A. M. Mazukabzov, S. A. Pisarevsky, and S. Kamo. "А new ectasian event of basitic magmatism in the southern Siberian craton." Доклады Академии наук 486, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524863326-330.
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On the basis of U-Pb dating of zircon and baddeleyite from gabbro-dolerite of the Goloustnaya dyke swarm (southern margin of the Siberian Craton), the age of basites was established as 1338.0 ± 2.9 Ma. It is shown that the basite intrusions of close ages from the Goloustnaya and Listvyanka areas (southern Siberian Craton) and Victoria Island (northern Laurentia, Barking Dog complex) could have been formed under the influence of the same mantle plume and belong to the same Large Igneous Province of Ectasian (Middle Mesoproterozoic) age.
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Markevich, V. V. "Features of gestational dynamics of levels of toxic elements in serum and erythrocytes of women of all reproductive age give birth first time." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 9(115) (November 30, 2016): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.115.52.
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The objective: to study features of gestational dynamics of levels of toxic elements in serum and erythrocytes of women of all reproductive age give birth first time. Patients and methods. Detection of toxic ME conducted in serum and erythrocytes of pregnant women of early, middle and high reproductive age who gave birth for the first time. Reproductive age of pregnant women was 16.33±0.21 years, 24.67±0.37 and 36.14±0.77 years. The study was conducted in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy at 10.26±0.34, 23.23±0.51 and 36.08±0.59 weeks of gestation. Content of ME (chromium, nickel, lead, cadmium) in biological substrates was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer C-115 MI equipped computer console for automatic calculation of ME content production Selmi (Ukraine). Results. In pregnant women of middle reproductive age changing of contents of toxic microelements were different - serum level of nickel and chromium significantly decreased, its associated with a significant deterioration of the placental barrier against them in the third trimester of pregnancy and transporting them to the fetus. Increased serum lead opposite rising due to the ability of the placenta blocking its active transport. In the blood of pregnant women of middle reproductive age was detected extremely toxic cadmium, while its content in serum and erythrocytes has been steady throughout the pregnancy. Comparative analysis of contents and balance of microelements in serum and erythrocytes in women giving birth for the first time, during pregnancy indicates a more unfavorable structure of the contents of toxic elements in women of early reproductive age compared to the women of middle reproductive age. Until the end of the third trimester of pregnancy there is an increasing of content of toxic nickel and lead in red blood cells and in serum – cadmium. In women of older reproductive age compared to the women of middle reproductive observed trend of increasing toxic nickel and cadmium in blood serum and erythrocytes. Conclusions. The perspective is to determine the role of the placenta in protecting the fetus from exposure of toxic elements and its functions – transport, barrier, depositing on toxic trace elements during the gestational process. Key words: toxic elements, pregnant women, reproductive age, first birth.
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Riley, Merilyn. "Population Prevalence Rates of Birth Defects: A Data Management and Epidemiological Perspective." Health Information Management 34, no. 3 (September 2005): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830503400307.
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The Victorian Birth Defects Register (VBDR) is a population-based surveillance system with a primary function of monitoring trends in birth defects. This paper outlines the processes undertaken in Victoria, Australia, to obtain population prevalence rates of birth defects and investigates the effect on the prevalence rates of variations in collection and processing tasks. It includes all birth defects that were notified to the VBDR by 31 December 2004. The overall prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003 was 4.0%, with an overall accuracy rate of 88%. However, this proportion varied according to what birth defects were included, the age by which birth defects were diagnosed, changes to sources of ascertainment, inclusion of terminations of pregnancy, or reporting by cases rate (infants affected) or birth defect rate (individual birth defects). Taking all of these factors into consideration, we are confident that 4.0% is an accurate population prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003.
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Causse, C., and J. S. Vincent. "Th–U disequilibrium dating of Middle and Late Pleistocene wood and shells from Banks and Victoria islands, Arctic Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 2718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-231.
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An attempt has been made at dating Middle and Late Pleistocene deposits from Banks and Victoria islands using the Th–U disequilibrium method. Geological correlations are difficult to establish because of the discontinuous nature of the terrestrial units and the relative absence of datable fossil wood and shells. The Th–U geochemical system likely remained closed for extended periods because of the presence of permafrost, which implies very limited or absent water circulation. The Th–U age determinations obtained confirmed the previously established stratigraphic framework and provide chronological information in that samples of Sangamonian age are differentiated from those that are younger (Wisconsinan and Holocene) or older (Middle Pleistocene). The Th–U disequilibrium method carefully used in areas where water circulation is limited can thus provide chronological control for sediments older than those that can be dated by the radiocarbon method.
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Mansfield, Phyllis Kernoff. "Midlife Childbearing: Strategies for Informed Decisionmaking." Psychology of Women Quarterly 12, no. 4 (December 1988): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1988.tb00977.x.
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More and more women in the United States are choosing to delay motherhood until their 30s or even 40s. Yet traditional medical advice warns against midlife pregnancy, predicting a variety of adverse reproductive outcomes associated with “advanced maternal age.” Assignment to a high-risk category may result in heightened feelings of concern about pregnancy complications among midlife mothers. Because it is possible that increased emotionality during pregnancy may itself give rise to various childbearing complications, some middle-aged women may become victims of iatrogenic stress during pregnancy. This article first examines critically the medical literature describing the relationship between maternal age and pregnancy outcomes and finds little support for the medical pessimism. Next, the article describes the literature that explores the links between heightened emotionality during pregnancy and various negative outcomes and suggests that, despite serious methodological flaws, there is some evidence that fear-induced stress during pregnancy may place certain middle-aged women at higher risk for complications. Finally, strategies for improved decisionmaking and for enhancing the pregnancy experience of midlife women are proposed.
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Schatz, T. J., and M. N. Hearnden. "The effect of weight and age on pregnancy rates in Brahman heifers in northern Australia." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16212.
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The performance of Brahman heifers at their first mating as yearlings (4-year groups of ~100 per year) grazing on improved pasture in the Douglas Daly region and as 2 year olds (3-year groups of ~100 per year) grazing on native pasture in the Victoria River District was studied. The relationships between pre-mating weight and pregnancy rate were established for Brahman heifers mated as yearlings on improved pasture, and as 2 year olds on native pasture with pre-mating weights recorded in late October/early November (before the wet season starts) and in late December (just before the start of mating). These relationships were found to be different indicating that there is an interaction between age and weight that modifies the effect of weight. The relationships were used to model pregnancy rates that are likely to result from different pre-mating weights for these three scenarios. These estimates can be used to identify target mating weights for different situations, and to predict the pregnancy rates for groups of heifers, which will be useful in budgeting and assessing the profitability of different management strategies.
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Unverfärth, Jan, Thomas Mörs, and Benjamin Bomfleur. "Palynological evidence supporting widespread synchronicity of Early Jurassic silicic volcanism throughout the Transantarctic Basin." Antarctic Science 32, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102020000346.
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Throughout the Transantarctic Mountains, Early Jurassic silicic magmatism preceding the emplacement of the Ferrar flood-basalt province (Heimann et al. 1994) is documented by the increasing input of silicic ash into otherwise epiclastic, fluviolacustrine deposits of the Beacon Supergroup (see Elliot et al. 2017). Vertebrate biostratigraphy and radiometric analyses indicate a Sinemurian to Pliensbachian age span for silicic volcaniclastic deposits in the central Transantarctic Mountains (CTMs) (Elliot et al. 2017). For northern Victoria Land (NVL), radiometric geochronology and palynostratigraphy revealed that explosive silicic volcanism began with minor pulses during the early Sinemurian (c. 195 Ma) and reached a peak phase beginning in the middle Pliensbachian (c. 187 Ma) (Bomfleur et al. 2014). A basin-wide correlation of these widely separated age frameworks has so far been hampered by the scarcity of data on coeval deposits in southern Victoria Land (SVL). Here, we present new palynostratigraphic data from mixed epiclastic–volcaniclastic deposits in the Prince Albert Mountains that provide supporting evidence for the widespread synchronicity of silicic volcanic episodes preceding Ferrar magmatism.
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Young, Gavin C., and John A. Long. "New arthrodires (placoderm fishes) from the Aztec Siltstone (late Middle Devonian) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 1 (2014): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13070.
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A small collection of arthrodire remains is described from the Devonian Aztec Siltstone of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Barwickosteus antarcticus, gen. et sp. nov., is a small phlyctaeniid arthrodire probably closely related to Barrydalaspis from the Bokkeveld Group of South Africa. Grifftaylor antarcticus, gen. et sp. nov., is a generalised phlyctaeniid resembling Phlyctaenius and Neophlyctaenius. New specimens of Boomeraspis show that it had a high-spired trunk-armour with a median dorsal plate of similar proportions to Tiaraspis, Mithakaspis, Turrisaspis or Africanaspis. Other fragmentary median dorsal plates are provisionally referred to Turrisaspis and Mulgaspis. With these new taxa the vertebrate assemblage from the Aztec Siltstone comprises at least 37 genera and 50 species, making it one of the most diverse of Middle–Late Devonian age.
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Markevich, V. V. "Gestational dynamic of content and balance of essential trace elements in serum and erythrocytes of women of different reproductive age, giving birth for the first time." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 10(116) (December 29, 2016): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2016.116.49.
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The objective: to study dynamics of software of serum and erythrocyte with essential microelements (iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, magnesium, manganese) during pregnancy in women of different reproductive age in a case of the first delivery. Patients and methods. The definition of essential microelements conducted in serum and red blood cells in 44 pregnant women of early and middle reproductive age who gave birth for the first time. Pregnant women of reproductive age were respectively 16.33±0.21 and 24.67±0.37 years. The study was conducted in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy at 10.26±0.34, 23.23±0.51 and 36.08±0.59 weeks of gestation, respectively. For determination of microelemennts used spectrophotometry С – 115M1. Results. For the course of pregnancy in women of middle reproductive age was typical considerable dynamism of serum and erythrocyte content of microelements. During pregnancy significantly improves the condition of serum iron pool. Serum level of other essential microelements to the end of pregnancy significantly decreased, especially magnesium – three times, cobalt and manganese – twice, zinc had a tendency to reduce. Reduction of essential trace elements (magnesium, cobalt, manganese, zinc) is due to their active use of fetus especially in the third trimester of pregnancy. In women of early reproductive age for the end of the third trimester of pregnancy, we found depletion of serum and erythrocyte content of iron and manganese, which can contribute to anemia. Increasing in the cobalt content in both environments shows voltage in hematopoietic system. Conclusion. With the aim to examine the features of microelement software of fetus and development of methods of its correction, it seems appropriate to study the content and balance of essential trace elements in the mother-placenta-fetus. Key words: essential microelements, pregnant women, reproductive age, the first birth.
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OBERHOLZER, PETER, CARLO BARONI, JOERG M. SCHAEFER, GIUSEPPE OROMBELLI, SUSAN IVY OCHS, PETER W. KUBIK, HEINRICH BAUR, and RAINER WIELER. "Limited Pliocene/Pleistocene glaciation in Deep Freeze Range, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, derived from in situ cosmogenic nuclides." Antarctic Science 15, no. 4 (December 2003): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102003001603.
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The question of how stable the climate in Antarctica has been during the last few million years compared to the rest of the planet is still controversial. This study attempts to add new information to the discussion by reconstructing the timing and spatial extent of glacial advances in northern Victoria Land over tens of thousands to millions of years. In Terra Nova Bay region, surface exposure ages and erosion rates of glacially rounded bedrock and glacial erratics have been determined using the cosmogenic nuclides 3He, 10Be and 21Ne. Three morphological units have been analysed. They yield minimum ages of 11 to 34 ka, 309 ka, and 2.6 Ma, respectively. Erosion rates were as low as 20 cm Ma−1 since middle Pliocene time. Taking erosion into account, the oldest surface is 5.3 Ma old. Pleistocene glacier advances had considerable extent, reaching up to 780 m above modern ice levels, but have been restricted to the valleys since at least mid-Pliocene. The existence of landscapes of mid-Pliocene age in northern Victoria Land implies that the climatic stability of the McMurdo Dry Valleys is not unique within the Transantarctic Mountains, but rather the expression of a constantly cold and hyperarid climate regime in entire Victoria Land.
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Sayegh, Raja. "A path to a healthier middle age in adolescents with early menarche: avoid teen pregnancy?" Menopause 28, no. 9 (August 2, 2021): 971–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000001836.
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Harveson, Andrew T., James C. Hannon, Timothy A. Brusseau, Leslie Podlog, Charilaos Papadopoulos, Morgan S. Hall, and EvaRose Celeste. "Acute Exercise and Academic Achievement in Middle School Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 3527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193527.
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(1) The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and non-exercise on measures of academic achievement and cognition in pre-adolescent students. (2) In a randomized crossover design, sixty-three participants with a mean age of 13.7 ± 0.47 years completed 20 min of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or non-exercise with a period of seven days between each bout. Immediately after each bout, participants were tested for academic achievement and cognitive performance. Academic achievement was assessed using standardized, age-appropriate mathematics tests. Cognition was measured using the Dot, Word, and Color tasks of the Stroop Test (Victoria version). (3) Participants scored significantly higher on the mathematics tests (F1,62 = 4.50, p = 0.038) and all elements of the Stroop Test (Dot: F1,62 = 8.14, p = 0.006; Word: F1,62 = 9.90, p = 0.003; Color: F1,62 = 7.57, p = 0.008) following acute resistance exercise as compared to non-exercise. Math test performance was not statistically different between the aerobic and resistance exercise treatments (F1,62 = 0.214, p = 0.645), but participants did perform significantly better on all elements of the Stroop Test following resistance exercise as compared to aerobic exercise (Dot: F1,61 = 25.82, p < 0.001; Word: F1,62 = 14.73, p < 0.001; Color: F1,62 = 20.14, p < 0.001). (4) Resistance exercise acutely influenced academic achievement and cognition in a positive manner. Such results add to the growing body of research that may support an increase in the prescription of varied exercise modalities within school settings for the purposes of improving academic performance and student health.
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Yesil, Gizem Dilan, Olta Gishti, Janine F. Felix, Irwin Reiss, Mohammad Kamran Ikram, Eric A. P. Steegers, Albert Hofman, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, and Romy Gaillard. "Influence of Maternal Gestational Hypertensive Disorders on Microvasculature in School-Age Children." American Journal of Epidemiology 184, no. 9 (November 1, 2016): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww059.
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Abstract Gestational hypertensive disorders may lead to vascular changes in the offspring. We examined the associations of maternal blood pressure development and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy with microvasculature adaptations in the offspring in childhood. This study was performed as part of the Generation R Study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands (2002–2012), among 3,748 pregnant mothers and their children for whom information was available on maternal blood pressure in different periods of pregnancy and gestational hypertensive disorders. Childhood retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were assessed at the age of 6 years. We found that higher maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressures in early pregnancy were associated with childhood retinal arteriolar narrowing (P < 0.05). Higher maternal systolic blood pressure in late pregnancy, but not in middle pregnancy, was associated with childhood narrower retinal venular caliber (standard deviation score per standardized residual increase in systolic blood pressure: −0.05; 95% confidence interval: −0.08, −0.01). Paternal blood pressure was not associated with childhood retinal vessel calibers. Children of mothers with gestational hypertensive disorders tended to have narrower retinal arteriolar caliber (standard deviation score: −0.13, 95% confidence interval: −0.27, 0.01). Our results suggest that higher maternal blood pressure during pregnancy is associated with persistent microvasculature adaptations in their children. Further studies are needed to replicate these observations.
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Bhagat, Dr Manish, and Dr Palak Sharma. "Assessment of Obstetric Doppler Ultrasound in High-Risk Pregnancy and Its Perinatal Outcome." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2023.v11i01.028.
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Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality & morbidity. It accounts for a sizeable number of future unhealthy children, which is a significant burden to parents and society. IUGR can be minimized to some extent by timely & accurate detection of IUGR. Aims and objectives: To evaluate various waveforms of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus, and cerebroplacental ratio as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes in high-risk pregnancies. Materials and Methods: Eightywomen with a gestational age of 24 to 36 weeks were studied in the department of Radiodiagnosis of SAMC & PGI, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, from April 2021 to September 2022. Subjects were divided into non-complicated pregnancy [Appropriate for gestational age (AGA); n=40) and high-risk pregnancy [Small for gestational age (SGA); n=40; ≥18 years of age, with or without risk factors]. All underwent Doppler interrogation of the uterine arteries, umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus between 24-36 weeks of gestation. Results: Elevated head circumference (HC)/ abdominal circumference (AC) ratio, elevated femur length (FL)/AC ratio, presence of oligohydramnios without ruptured membrane, and advanced placental grade was more frequently observed among SGA babies. In this series, among the various risk factors, hypertension was a significant risk factor for IUGR, which other workers also accepted. Pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI) and systolic/diastolic (SD) ratio of uterine & umbilical arteries was significantly raised in SGA babies compared to AGA babies. In contrast, middle cerebral artery (MCA)'s PI, RI, and SD ratios were significantly lower in SGA babies than in AGA babies. Uterine artery early Diastolic Notch was seen in 11 cases & all of them delivered SGA babies. Hypertension was present in 8 of these 11 cases. Absent Diastolic Flow was detected in only one case, and the foetus ......
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Vaidyanathan, Balu, Aparna Vijayaraghavan, Stephy Thomas, and Abish Sudhakar. "Pregnancy and early post-natal outcomes of fetuses with functionally univentricular heart in a low-and-middle-income country." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 12 (September 22, 2020): 1844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120002929.
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AbstractBackground:Care of children with functionally univentricular hearts is resource-intensive.Objectives:To analyse pregnancy and early post-natal outcomes of fetuses with functionally univentricular hearts in the setting of a low–middle-income country.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted during the period of January 2008–October 2019. Study variables analysed included gestational age at diagnosis, maternal and fetal comorbidities and cardiac diagnosis including morphologic type of single ventricle. Outcomes analysed included pregnancy outcomes, type of post-natal care and survival status on the last follow-up.Results:A total of 504 fetuses were included. Mean maternal age was 27.5 ± 4.8 years and mean gestational age at diagnosis was 25.6 ± 5.7 weeks. Pregnancy outcomes included non-continued pregnancies (54%), live births (42.7%) and loss to follow-up (3.3%). Gestational age at diagnosis was the only factor that impacted pregnancy outcomes (non-continued pregnancies 22.5 ± 3.5 vs. live births 29.7 ± 5.7 weeks; p < 0.001). Of the 215 live births, intention-to-treat was reported in 119 (55.3%) cases; of these 103 (86.6%) underwent cardiac procedures. Seventy-nine patients (36.7%) opted for comfort care. On follow-up (median 10 (1–120) months), 106 patients (21%) were alive. Parental choice of intention-to-.treat or comfort care was the only factor that impacted survival on follow-up.Conclusions:Prenatal diagnosis of functionally univentricular hearts was associated with overall low survival status on follow-up due to parental decisions on not to continue pregnancy or non-intention-to-treat after birth. Early detection of these complex defects by improved prenatal screening can enhance parental options and reduce resource impact in low-and-middle-income countries.
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Li, Zhu Xiao. "Small Balloon Catheters in the Induction of Labour in Mid-Trimester Pregnancy." Tropical Doctor 26, no. 4 (October 1996): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559602600412.
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Labour induced in 46 women with a small balloon catheter was compared to 46 women induced with ‘normal balloon’ (Robinson's catheter with two condoms) and matched for age, parity, gestational age, marital status and ethnic origin with the aim of identifying a preferred induction method for middle trimester pregnancy. The retrospective study showed no differences in the duration of delivery, Pitocin, mode delivery, complications and effective rate. ‘Small balloon’ is simpler than ‘normal balloon’ and is a safe, reliable induction of labour method for mid-trimester pregnancy.
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Moura, Edila Arnaud Ferreira. "COMPORTAMENTO REPRODUTIVO DAS MULHERES RIBEIRINHAS DO AMANÃ." Scientific Magazine UAKARI 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2008): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31420/uakari.v1i1.4.
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This work presents the results of a study about the reproductive behavior of riverine women living in the Sustainable Development Reserve Amanã, in the Middle Solimões region, state of Amazonas. The study was done in 2001 with the objective of identify aspects of the reproductive behavior of 83 women, collected through reproductive history methodology. These women live in small localities along the rivers and lakes in the middle of the Amazonian forest. The study identified that these women initialize their reproductive period at the age of 17, in average, and the mean age of their last pregnancy occurs at the age of 42, considering those above 50 years old. 36% of these 83 women had lost one or more of their children before the age of five. Only 16% use contraceptives and 12% are sterilized. They dont have access to the basic health assistance in a regular basis and the local midwives are extremely important in their assistance during pregnancy and delivery. This study em phasizes the importance of reproductive health programs including those social and cultural local conditions.
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Zhuk, S. I., N. V. Pehno, and O. A. Nochvina. "Intrauterine growth retardation/fetus small for gestational age: diagnostic criteria and management algorithm." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(143) (September 30, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.143.25.
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The article presents data on the informative value of instrumental research methods in the management of patients with IUGRP/MGHP, in particular, a dopplerometric examination of the blood flow of the uteroplacental-fetal complex, together with a cardiotocographic study by the Dose–Redman method. The diagnostic value of blood flow indicators in the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and venous duct, depending on the term of pregnancy, is analyzed. Thus, observation of a fetus with IUGR diagnosed in early terms of pregnancy up to 32 weeks should include dopplerometry of the venous duct, since the highly resistant blood flow in it (IP> 95%) characterizes the initial changes in the fetus, while zero or reverse blood flow in this a vessel indicates the presence of acidosis and the risk of fetal death. Critical of pregnancy management with a late type of IUGR is the appearance of abnormal blood flow in the middle cerebral artery (SMA). At the same time, a decrease in resistance in SMA (IP <5%) with IUGR diagnosed in later terms increases the risk of adverse perinatal consequences and the need for caesarean section, and a decrease in cerebroplacental ratio worsens perinatal consequences. CTG with IUGR must be carried out as part of antenatal care to monitor fetal condition in combination with dopplerometry of the uteroplacental-fetal complex. The developed and implemented scientifically based pregnancy management algorithm allows monitoring the course of the gestational period, predicting the pathological condition of the fetus with timely consideration of the issue of early delivery. The widespread introduction of this algorithm will significantly reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of obstetric care. Key words: intrauterine growth retardation, fetus small for gestational age, antenatal fetal monitoring.
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Dørup, Inge, Kristjar Skajaa, and Keld E. Sørensen. "Normal pregnancy is associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 276, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): H821—H825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.3.h821.
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Normal pregnancy is characterized by reduced systemic vascular resistance, which may be mediated by nitric oxide (NO). We compared endothelial vasomotor function in 71 normal pregnant women (13 in first, 29 in middle, and 29 in last trimester) to 37 healthy age-matched controls. With external ultrasound, brachial artery diameter was measured at rest, during reactive hyperemia [with increased flow causing endothelium-dependent dilation (FMD)], and after sublingual nitroglycerin (causing endothelium-independent dilation). Compared with controls, resting flow and brachial artery diameter were significantly higher during the middle and last trimesters. Reactive hyperemia was reduced in all pregnant groups. FMD increased from the first trimester (by 26%), reaching the highest value in the last trimester (to 47% above nonpregnant values). FMD was significantly correlated to pregnancy status (nonpregnant or pregnant) and to vessel size. Nitroglycerin-induced dilation was similar in pregnant and nonpregnant women. A longitudinal study of eight women evaluated in the first, middle, and last trimesters confirmed an increase in FMD throughout pregnancy. The study supports the idea that basal and stimulated NO activity is enhanced in normal pregnancy and may contribute to the decrease in peripheral resistance.
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Fraser, Abigail, Scott M. Nelson, Corrie Macdonald-Wallis, Lynne Cherry, Elaine Butler, Naveed Sattar, and Debbie A. Lawlor. "Associations of Pregnancy Complications With Calculated Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle Age." Circulation 125, no. 11 (March 20, 2012): 1367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.111.044784.
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Baroni, Carlo, and Giuseppe Orombelli. "Holocene glacier variations in the Terra Nova Bay area (Victoria Land, Antarctica)." Antarctic Science 6, no. 4 (December 1994): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000751.
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Information on Holocene glacier variations in Antarctica is limited and sometimes contradictory. However, if the behaviour of the glaciers during the recent past can be clarified, their sensitivity to climatic changes can be evaluated and their contribution to the sea level variation may be predicted. Through the study of local glaciers and floating ice shelves in the Terra Nova Bay area, new information has been gathered. Between 7500 and 5000 yr B.P., after the glacial retreat which followed the Last Glacial Maximum, the Nansen Ice Sheet and the Hells Gate ice shelf were a few kilometres less extensive than they are now. During the second half of the Holocene, both the local glaciers and the ice shelves advanced to positions that were more extensive than their present ones, although not all the variations are adequately dated. A retreat phase of the Edmonson Point glacier occurred during late Middle Ages between 920–1050 A.D. and 1270–1400 A.D. as documented by ten 14C dates obtained from shells in ice-cored moraines. A subsequent advance occurred after the 15th century in a period corresponding to the Little Ice Age.
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Amarjothi , J. M. V., Villalan Ramasamy, G. R. Senthil Kumaran, and O. L. Naganath Babu. "Challenges Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Pregnancy." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 13, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500078.
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Colorectal cancer is epidemiologically a disease of the middle-aged and elderly. However, it may occur in the young where it presents with virulent biological behavior and poor prognosis. The symptoms of colorectal cancer may be masked by symptoms of pregnancy and the patient may attribute it to the pregnancy, especially in multiparous patients whose anxiety and apprehension levels may be lower and hence present late to health care providers. Antenatal women who present with such symptoms must be investigated further under the available repertoire of investigations possible in pregnancy without causing any maternal or fetal hazard. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiation for cancer in this setting is further hampered by justifiable concerns over fetal well-being. We present a case of colorectal cancer in a young multiparous female and the associated difficulties in diagnosis and management. The challenges with colorectal cancers and pregnancies are expected to rise in the future with a decreasing trend in age of colorectal cancer occurrence and an increasing age of pregnancy due to lifestyle changes.
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Hussain, Wajahat, Samina Badar, Huda Abbas, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Arif Khan, and Muhammad Ramzan Soomra. "Obesity: A Risk Factor of Preeclampsia." International Journal of Frontier Sciences 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v3i2.55.
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Background: Obesity is a major epidemic of developed world that is now extending to developing countries and is the risk factor of pre-eclampsia which is the major contributor to maternal and foetal morbidity & mortality.
Objective: To determine the frequency of preeclampsia in obese primigravida women visiting the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from January 2018 to December 2018. All the Primigravida women with singleton pregnancy of gestational age ≥ 26 weeks assessed by ultrasound between 20-35 years of age were included in the study by non-probability consecutive method. After obtaining ethical approval from hospital ethical committee and informed written consent from all the study subjects, relevant data were documented in a predefined data sheet and body mass index (BMI) was calculated by using the formula: Weight (kg) / Height2 (m). Women having blood pressure (BP) of 140/90 mmHg or above in third trimester of gestation measured on at least two occasions, 6 hours or more apart accompanied by proteinuria of 300 mg per 24 hours or above in previously normotensive were labelled as preeclampsia and first-time pregnant women having BMI ≥ 30 were taken as obese. Statistical analysis was performed by using computer-based software, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for windows version 17.0. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for numerical data like age. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Chi-square test was performed to find the statistical difference regarding preeclampsia distribution between groups and ‘p’ value <0.05 was considered as a lowest level of significance.
Results: Mean age of the respondents in the study was 27.08±3.59 years. Majority of the women were between the ages of 26-30 years (53.30%). The mean gestational age of the respondents was 34.50±4.33 weeks and most of the women had gestational age ≥ 36 weeks (46.70%). Frequency of obesity in pregnancy was 15.4% and frequency of preeclampsia in obese primigravida was 55.3%. Conclusion: It is concluded that frequency of preeclampsia is higher in obese primigravida compared to non-obese primigravida.
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Sharma, Manisha, Priyanka Chaudhary, Jasmine Chawla Sharma, Mohit Chaudhary, and Peeyush Jain. "Correlation of longitudinal changes that occur in fetal middle cerebral arterial-peak systolic velocity with middle cerebral artery-pulsatility index in late onset intrauterine growth restriction cases." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220915.
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Background: Fetal blood flow can be studied by Doppler patterns which follow a longitudinal trend with sequential changes in umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery followed by other peripheral arteries. Though FGR cannot be treated but morbidity and mortality can be decreased by studying longitudinal changes in MCA-PI (middle cerebral artery-pulsatility index) and MCA-PSV (middle cerebral arterial-peak systolic velocity) and terminating the pregnancy at appropriate time.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 on 29 antenatal patients with suspicion of fetal growth restriction at >32 weeks gestation. Patients with late onset FGR by Delphi procedure with singleton pregnancy and confirmed gestational age were included. Patients with gross congenital anomaly or multiple pregnancy were excluded. Peak systolic velocity, resistance index and PI in middle cerebral artery were recorded in absence of fetal movements. MCA-PSV >95th percentile and MCA-PI <5th percentile for that gestational age were considered abnormal. The compiled data was subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Mean gestational age was 36.28±1.6 weeks at enrolment and 36.65±1.56 weeks at delivery. The longitudinal changes in MCA-PSV values showed an increase in all the patients but in 11 patients, it was abnormal and out of these there was fall in 6 patients after an increase. MCA-PSV fall was strongly associated with perinatal mortality (p value 0.0003 and kappa 0.664). In 22 patients with increase in MCA-PSV there was decrease in MCA-PI while in 7 patients MCA PI increased which could be due to pseudo normalization phenomenon due to cerebral oedema. Association of MCA-PSV fall with adverse perinatal outcome was not significant (p value >0.05). The sensitivity of MCA-PSV fell in predicting the perinatal mortality was 80% and specificity was 91.76%.Conclusions: MCA-PSV not only complements MCA-PI but also provides more accurate information than does MCA-PI alone and should be used along with MCA-PI for optimizing fetomaternal outcome.
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BAVIN, E. L., M. PRIOR, S. REILLY, L. BRETHERTON, J. WILLIAMS, P. EADIE, Y. BARRETT, and O. C. UKOUMUNNE. "The Early Language in Victoria Study: predicting vocabulary at age one and two years from gesture and object use." Journal of Child Language 35, no. 3 (June 27, 2008): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008726.
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ABSTRACTThe Macarthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) have been used widely to document early communicative development. The paper reports on a large community sample of 1,447 children recruited from low, middle and high socioeconomic (SES) areas across metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Regression analyses were conducted to determine the extent to which communicative behaviours reported at 0 ; 8 and 1 ; 0 predicted vocabulary development at 1 ; 0 and 2 ; 0. In support of previous findings with smaller, often less representative samples, gesture and object use at 1 ; 0 were better predictors of 2 ; 0 vocabulary than were gesture and object use at 0 ; 8. At 1 ; 0, children from the lower SES groups were reported to understand more words than children from the higher SES groups, but there were no SES differences for words produced at 1 ; 0 or 2 ; 0. The findings add to our understanding of the variability in the development of early communicative behaviours.
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Zulfiqar, Anam, Sadaf Zulfiqar, and Shahana Rahat. "ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 01 (January 10, 2018): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.01.548.
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Objectives: To record the rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant females.Period: November 2015 to February 2016. Settings: Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi.Material & Methods: 200 pregnant females for regular pre-natal visits during 2nd and 3rdtrimester of pregnancy between 18-50 years of age were included. Sterile bottles were used tocollect the urine sample from the patients and sent to the hospital laboratory for the evaluationof asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant females. Results: We recorded most of the casesbetween 18-30 years of age i.e. 56%(n=112) whereas 44%(n=88) were between 31-50 yearsof age, mean+sd: 28.76+5.42 years. Frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria was recordedin 22%(n=44). We found 21(23.86%) out of 88 cases had lower class, 15(23.44%) out of 64cases had middle class, 7(17.95%) out of 39 cases had upper middle class while 1(11.11%)out of 9 cases had higher class. Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is not an uncommoncomplication during pregnancy, however, regular screening may help to prevent and reducethis morbidity at early stage.
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Sultana, Zinia, Liza Chowdhury, and Nahid Reaz Shapla. "Study on Superstitions Related to Pregnancy." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 5, no. 2 (September 7, 2019): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v5i2.43025.
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Background: During pregnancy, there are many superstitions throughout the world, especially in the developing countries like Bangladesh.
Objective: This study was aimed to know the status of superstitions related to pregnancy among people.
Methodology: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient of department in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to March 2018 for a period of three months. Total 96 persons were recruited after taking verbal consent.
Result: Among the study group having at least one superstition was in 69.8% of total participants showing in figure 1. In 25 to 40 years of age group the superstitions were more common and it was 85.0% showing in table1. On the educational background, illiterate group having more superstitions 81.13%, primary education group 65.21%, SSC 50% and above SSC 33.33% showing in table 3. On the basis of gender, male (58.233%) and Female (71.42%) were superstitious in at least one superstition. On the basis of socioeconomic status, lower class 92.72%, lower middle class 54.54% and middle class 21.05% were superstitious in at least one superstition. On the basis of occupation, housewives (89.90%), students (16,66%), service holder(30%) and farmer(50%) having at least one superstitious. On the basis of religion; the superstitious individuals were Muslim 59%, Hindu 97%, and others 67.16%.
Conclusion: Superstitions related to pregnancy are very common in Bangladesh. Superstitious are more related to illiteracy, low socioeconomic condition and with house wives who remain inside.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 172-176
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Heusschen, Laura, Ineke Krabbendam, Jessika M. van der Velde, Laura N. Deden, Edo O. Aarts, Ashley E. R. Merién, Marloes Emous, Gysèle S. Bleumink, Helen L. Lutgers, and Eric J. Hazebroek. "A Matter of Timing—Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery." Obesity Surgery 31, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 2072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05219-3.
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Abstract Purpose Current guidelines recommend to avoid pregnancy for 12–24 months after bariatric surgery because of active weight loss and an increased risk of nutritional deficiencies. However, high-quality evidence is lacking, and only a few studies included data on gestational weight gain. We therefore evaluated pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by both surgery-to-conception interval and gestational weight gain. Materials and Methods A multicenter retrospective analysis of 196 singleton pregnancies following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and one anastomosis gastric bypass was conducted. Pregnancies were divided into the early group (≤ 12 months), the middle group (12–24 months), and the late group (> 24 months) according to the surgery-to-conception interval. Gestational weight gain was classified as inadequate, adequate, or excessive according to the National Academy of Medicine recommendations. Results Pregnancy in the early group (23.5%) was associated with lower gestational age at delivery (267.1 ± 19.9 days vs 272.7 ± 9.2 and 273.1 ± 13.5 days, P = 0.029), lower gestational weight gain (− 0.9 ± 11.0 kg vs + 10.2 ± 5.6 and + 10.0 ± 6.4 kg, P < 0.001), and lower neonatal birth weight (2979 ± 470 g vs 3161 ± 481 and 3211 ± 465 g, P = 0.008) than pregnancy in the middle and late group. Inadequate gestational weight gain (40.6%) was associated with lower gestational age at delivery (266.5 ± 20.2 days vs 273.8 ± 8.4 days, P = 0.002) and lower neonatal birth weight (3061 ± 511 g vs 3217 ± 479 g, P = 0.053) compared to adequate weight gain. Preterm births were also more frequently observed in this group (15.9% vs 6.0%, P = 0.037). Conclusion Our findings support the recommendation to avoid pregnancy for 12 months after bariatric surgery. Specific attention is needed on achieving adequate gestational weight gain.
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Naheed Fatima, Shehnaz Anwar, Khiaynat Sarwar Hashmi, and Noreena Saba. "Live birth rates in patients of antiphospholipid syndrome treated with antiplatelet drugs as compared to antiplatelet drugs plus antithrombotic drugs." Professional Medical Journal 29, no. 05 (April 30, 2022): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.05.4653.
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Objective: To compare antiplatelet drugs as compared to antiplatelet drugs plus antithrombotic drugs in patients of antiphospholipid syndrome. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahwalpur. Period: October 2018 to October 2019. Material & Methods: Two hundred ten were included in the study.105 patients were treated with loprin and 105 patients were treated with loprin and low molecular weight heparin (clexane). Pregnancy outcome were studied in both groups in terms of live fetal birth. Results: The mean age in group-A was 26.24. In group-B the mean age of patients was 26.50 years. 145 patients delivered full term babies while 65 patients delivered premature babies or presented with abortion.63 patients in group-A and 82 patients in group-B delivered full term babies while 42 patients in group-A and 23 patients in group-B presented with abortion or delivered premature babies with significant p values of 0.005. Conclusion: Use of loprin and clexane 40 mg subcutaneously daily in patient with recurrent pregnancy loss due to antiphospholipid syndrome resulted in high live birth rates compared to patients who took only loprin.
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Barker, Edward D., Charlotte A. M. Cecil, Esther Walton, Lotte C. Houtepen, Thomas G. O'Connor, Andrea Danese, Sara R. Jaffee, et al. "Inflammation-related epigenetic risk and child and adolescent mental health: A prospective study from pregnancy to middle adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 3 (August 2018): 1145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000330.
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AbstractIn 785 mother–child (50% male) pairs from a longitudinal epidemiological birth cohort, we investigated associations between inflammation-related epigenetic polygenic risk scores (i-ePGS), environmental exposures, cognitive function, and child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. We examined prenatal and postnatal effects. For externalizing problems, one prenatal effect was found: i-ePGS at birth associated with higher externalizing problems (ages 7–15) indirectly through lower cognitive function (age 7). For internalizing problems, we identified two effects. For a prenatal effect, i-ePGS at birth associated with higher internalizing symptoms via continuity in i-ePGS at age 7. For a postnatal effect, higher postnatal adversity exposure (birth through age 7) associated with higher internalizing problems (ages 7–15) via higher i-ePGS (age 7). Hence, externalizing problems were related mainly to prenatal effects involving lower cognitive function, whereas internalizing problems appeared related to both prenatal and postnatal effects. The present study supports a link between i-ePGS and child and adolescent mental health.
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Lassi, Zohra S., Sophie G. E. Kedzior, Wajeeha Tariq, Yamna Jadoon, Jai K. Das, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "Effects of Preconception Care and Periconception Interventions on Maternal Nutritional Status and Birth Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030606.
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Pregnancy in adolescence and malnutrition are common challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and are associated with many complications and comorbidities. The preconception period is an ideal period for intervention as a preventative tactic for teenage pregnancy, and to increase micronutrient supplementation prior to conception. Over twenty databases and websites were searched and 45 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental interventions with intent to delay the age at first pregnancy (n = 26), to optimize inter-pregnancy intervals (n = 4), and supplementation of folic acid (n = 5) or a combination of iron and folic acid (n = 10) during the periconception period were included. The review found that educational interventions to delay the age at first pregnancy and optimizing inter-pregnancy intervals significantly improved the uptake of contraception use (RR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.42–2.05; two studies, n = 911; I2 = 0%) and (RR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.29–3.93; one study, n = 338), respectively. For periconceptional folic acid supplementation, the incidence of neural tube defects were reduced (RR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.41–0.77; two studies, n = 248,056; I2 = 0%), and iron-folic acid supplementation improved the rates of anemia (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.53–0.81; six studies; n = 3430, I2 = 88%), particularly when supplemented weekly and in a school setting. Notwithstanding the findings, more robust RCTs are required from LMICs to further support the evidence.
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Simms, Andrew, Hemil Gonzalez, Nicholas M. Moore, Leslie A. Chapman, Karen Lolans, and Gordon M. Trenholme. "Co-circulation of Influenza A and B During the 2016–2017 Influenza Season at Rush University Medical Center." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S314—S315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.736.
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Abstract Background Two strains of influenza B virus, B/Yamagata and B/Victoria, co-circulate in the USA, typically appearing in late March. This year, influenza B virus (FluB) co-circulated consistently with influenza A virus (FluA). We hypothesized that this could be explained by an increased use of influenza trivalent vaccine, which lacks the B/Yamagata strain, over the quadrivalent vaccine. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with laboratory-diagnosed influenza from October 2016 through April 2017. Age, comorbidity categories, pregnancy status, symptoms, The presence of opacity on chest film, ICU admission, death, and receipt of oseltamivir were reviewed for 256 patients. A subset of FluB specimens were subtyped for lineage using RT–PCR. Results Influenza was detected in 495 (10.4%) of 4,754 samples collected, including 305 FluA and 190 FluB. The H3 strain represented 97% of FluA cases. FluB subtypes were: 70, B/Victoria; 21, B/Yamagata; and 41, not subtyped. Chart review was conducted for 124 randomly selected FluA and 132 sequential FluB patients. Median age of patients with FluA was 44 compared with 27 with FluB (P < 0.001). Forty-three (34.7%) FluA patients had heart disease compared with 21 (15.9%) FluB patients (P < 0.001). Otherwise, there were no differences in comorbidities, pregnancy status, clinical symptoms, or infectious complications between FluA vs. FluB patients. Ninety-three (75%) FluA patients and 78 (59.1%) FluB patients received oseltamivir. ICU admission occurred in 15 (12.1%) FluA and 9 (6.8%) FluB patients (OR 1.414; 95% CI 0.83-2.4). Seventy-seven (30%) patients received flu vaccine, 39 with FluA, and 38 with FluB; 97 (37.9%) were not vaccinated and 82 (32%) were missing data. Of those vaccinated, 6 patients received trivalent vaccine, and 71 received quadrivalent. Only 24 patients with B/Victoria and 7 patients with B/Yamagata were vaccinated. Conclusion The proportion of infected patients who had received vaccination was low, limiting our ability to detect the effect of the trivalent vaccine on the incidence of infection with B/Yamagata. In contrast to conventional thought, when compared with influenza B, influenza A (predominantly H3N2) did not appear to disproportionally affect those with most medical comorbidities, and was not disproportionately associated with our identified clinical complications. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Alalageri, Kavya M., Shobha ., and Ranganath Timmanahalli Sobagaih. "A study to assess premature mortality and years of potential life lost among the mortality victims of Victoria Hospital, Bengaluru." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 10 (September 22, 2017): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174276.
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Background: Premature mortality by age 60 accounted for one-third of total deaths in low and middle income countries in 2008. While under-5 mortality as a proportion of premature mortality remains high in some countries, premature adult mortality is also increasing. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and primarily affect those of productive age. India is also experiencing rapid demographic and epidemiological transition. Although evidence suggests recent reductions in infant and child mortality, little is known about the age and sex patterns of premature deaths in India.Methods: Record based study was conducted from 4 months mortality statistics who belong to less than 69 yrs during the period June-September 2016 at Victoria Hospital. Data is entered in MS-Excel and analyzed in the form of descriptive statistics. Data is presented in the form of figures, tables, charts and percentages wherever necessary.Results: There were total of 1265 deaths in 4 months, among them 890 deaths occurred <69 yrs of age. Most of them belong to 45-54 yrs which is the income generating age-group. Most of them belong to 45-54 yrs which is the income generating age-group. Most of the mortality victims admitted in hospital for <24 hrs (45.28%) followed by a week (45.05%). Infectious diseases, burns, hypertension, and alcohol related complications and poly trauma are the top 5 causes of premature deaths. Mean years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to NCDs like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and hypertension is 20.92 yrs.Conclusions: Health system should gear up at all levels of health care in order to reduce mortality due to NCDs and thus to increase life-expectancy.
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Brahmbhatt, Yasmin, Arinze Ikeme, Navjyot Bhogal, and Vincenzo Berghella. "Successful Pregnancy Using the NxStage Home Hemodialysis System." Case Reports in Nephrology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1358625.
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Pregnancy in the setting of the uremic milieu of renal disease has a lower success rate than in the normal population and is a rare event. While intensified renal replacement therapy (RRT) during pregnancy can lead to improved outcomes, most studies have focused on nocturnal hemodialysis as the main RRT in pregnancy. Although thousands of patients use the home NxStage System One short daily hemodialysis (SDHD) machine in the United States, pregnancy outcomes with this therapy are unknown. The NxStage System One uses low-volume dialysate and hence small and middle molecule clearance may differ compared to conventional therapies and affect pregnancy outcomes. We report a case of a successful conception and pregnancy using the home NxStage system. The NxStage system may provide an alternative to the more routinely used NHD or standard SDHD therapies for women of childbearing age.
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Leve, Leslie D., Jenae M. Neiderhiser, Daniel S. Shaw, Jody Ganiban, Misaki N. Natsuaki, and David Reiss. "The Early Growth and Development Study: A Prospective Adoption Study From Birth Through Middle Childhood." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 1 (December 7, 2012): 412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.126.
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The Early Growth and Development Study is a prospective adoption study of birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children recruited in two cohorts (N = 561 triads). The primary study aims are to examine how family, peer, and contextual processes affect children's adjustment, and to examine their interplay (mediation, moderation) with genetic influences. Participants were recruited through adoption agencies located throughout the United States following the birth of a child. Assessments are ongoing, in 9-month intervals until the child reaches 3 years of age and in 1-year intervals thereafter through age 9. Data collection includes the following primary constructs: child temperament, social behavior, school performance, mental health, and health; birth and adoptive parent personality characteristics, mental health, competence, stress, health, context, substance use, parenting, and marital relations; and pregnancy use of drugs and maternal stress during pregnancy. DNA and salivary cortisol samples have also been collected. Analyses have indicated evidence for genotype-environment interactions during early childhood. Study procedures, sample representativeness (including tests of potential confounds in the adoption design), and an overview of findings to date are summarized, and future plans are described.
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Zhou, Shao J., Dominique Condo, Philip Ryan, Sheila A. Skeaff, Stuart Howell, Peter J. Anderson, Andrew J. McPhee, and Maria Makrides. "Association Between Maternal Iodine Intake in Pregnancy and Childhood Neurodevelopment at Age 18 Months." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy225.
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Abstract There are limited and inconsistent data suggesting that mild iodine deficiency in pregnancy might be associated with poorer developmental outcomes in children. Between 2011 and 2015, we conducted a prospective cohort study in Australia examining the relationship between maternal iodine intake in pregnancy and childhood neurodevelopment, assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III), in 699 children at 18 months. Maternal iodine intake and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were assessed at study entry (<20 weeks’ gestation) and at 28 weeks’ gestation. Maternal iodine intake in the lowest (<220 μg/day) or highest (≥391 μg/day) quartile was associated with lower cognitive, language, and motor scores (mean differences ranged from 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 4.8) to 7.0 (95% CI: 2.8, 11.1) points lower) and higher odds (odds ratios ranged from 2.7 (95% CI: 1.3, 5.6) to 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3, 5.7)) of cognitive developmental delay (Bayley-III score <1 standard deviation) compared with mothers with an iodine intake in the middle quartiles. There was no association between UIC in pregnancy and Bayley-III outcomes regardless of whether UIC and the outcomes were analyzed as continuous or categorical variables. Both low and high iodine intakes in pregnancy were associated with poorer childhood neurodevelopment in this iodine-sufficient population.
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Raeside, M. C., Z. N. Nie, M. Robertson, D. L. Partington, and R. Behrendt. "Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as pregnancy and lactation feed for ewes joined at 8 months of age." Animal Production Science 54, no. 8 (2014): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13205.
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Ewe nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is a key determinant of ewe and lamb performance. A paddock-scale field experiment in western Victoria, Australia, tested the hypothesis that grazing maiden ewes on plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) from mid-pregnancy until lamb weaning (July 2010–January 2011) would increase ewe liveweight and condition score during this period, reduce worm egg counts, and increase lamb liveweights at birth, marking and weaning, relative to tetraploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), but that further increases would be achieved by offering a spatially arranged sward of plantain and perennial ryegrass. The experiment tested three treatments: plantain (PL), perennial ryegrass (PR), and a 50 : 50 (by area) spatially separated mixture of perennial ryegrass and plantain (PR + PL). Plots were ~1 ha in size arranged in a randomised complete block design with four replications. The ewes were Coopworth composites joined at 8 months of age. Feed-on-offer levels (kg DM/ha) did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments, with 2.3–3.0 t DM/ha being available pre-grazing. Twin-bearing ewes had higher (P < 0.05) liveweights when offered PR + PL compared with PR or PL at late-pregnancy and higher (P < 0.05) liveweights than PR but not PL (P > 0.05) at lamb marking. At weaning, single-born lambs were heavier (P < 0.05) on PR than PR + PL, with the PL being intermediate. There were no other significant differences (P > 0.05). This experiment has found that feeding plantain to ewes during pregnancy and lactation, or offering ewes spatially separated mixes of plantain and perennial ryegrass, offers no clear liveweight or worm egg count improvement for ewes and lambs relative to a tetraploid perennial ryegrass under Western Victorian conditions.
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Dunning, G. R., B. F. Kean, J. G. Thurlow, and H. S. Swinden. "Geochronology of the Buchans, Roberts Arm, and Victoria Lake groups and Mansfield Cove Complex, Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-113.
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Volcanic groups of the Central Mobile Belt of the Newfoundland Appalachians have previously been subdivided into "early" and "late" arc sequences, separated in time by a quiescent Caradocian stage defined in some areas by fossil-bearing black shales.New U–Pb zircon ages of [Formula: see text] and 473 ± 2 Ma for rhyolites of the Buchans and Roberts Arm groups, respectively, show them to be correlative early Ordovician sequences. These ages serve to refute both the previous Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron ages of 447 Ma and the idea that these groups were "late arc" sequences. These new ages corroborate evidence from late Arenig – early Llanvirn conodonts in the Buchans Group and calibrate this fossil occurrence.A new U–Pb zircon age of 479 ± 3 Ma from plagiogranite of the Mansfield Cove Complex immediately west of the Roberts Arm Group shows that this plutonic body is only slightly older than the adjacent volcanic rocks and not Hadrynian as previously supposed. Local field relationships suggest this body may represent part of a disrupted ophiolite. It is coeval with the ophiolitic Annieopsquotch Complex along a strike to the south and may form part of a belt of rocks derived from early Ordovician ocean floor that is discontinuously exposed along the western boundary of the Buchans – Roberts Arm Belt.Zircons from rhyolite at the northeast termination of the Tulks Hill volcanics, part of the extensive Victoria Lake Group, give an age of [Formula: see text]. This dated sequence contains limestone previously dated as Llanvirn–Llandeilo by conodonts. This part of the group is therefore younger than the Buchans Group, and the designations "early" and "late" arc are not appropriate. The thrusting that juxtaposed these groups is no longer constrained to be of Silurian age but could have been middle to late Ordovician. Precambrian zircons included in the Victoria Lake Group rhyolite could have been incorporated from associated sedimentary rocks and suggest that the group may have formed in a tectonic setting transitional between oceanic and continental and received detritus from several sources.
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Balat, Martina S., and Saurabh Kumar Sahu. "Congenital heart disease: factor affecting it and role of RBSK in dealing with situation." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 4437. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183990.
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Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) is the second leading cause of death in infancy and childhood. So the purpose of this study to know socio-demographic profile and the maternal risk factors affecting CHD, and the role of RBSK in screening with respect to CHD.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during June to October 2016 in Ahmedabad city. Parents of 169 children with CHD who were beneficiaries of RBSK during the previous 3 months were interviewed.Results: The majority of children were in the age group of 0-3 years 49.7% (mean±SD= 4.26±4). Majority of families belonged to the lower middle class IV (41.4%). 44% of mothers had primary education. Mothers with age >30 yrs were 55.6%. Only 30.9% of mothers had taken folic acid during the periconceptional period. Mothers with previous adverse pregnancy outcome were 40.2%. Maternal stress and high blood pressure were present in 33.7% and 24.8% of the mothers respectively. 48% of children were diagnosed through Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK).Conclusions: Lower middle class, lower maternal education, advanced maternal age, low folic acid intake, previous adverse pregnancy outcome, maternal stress and high blood pressure were the leading risk factors for CHD. RBSK is playing important role in screening and diagnosing of patients.