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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pregnancy diseases

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pregnancy diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pregnancy diseases"

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Ahmed, Khulood T. "Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases unique to pregnancy." World Journal of Gastroenterology 19, no. 43 (2013): 7639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i43.7639.

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Almashhrawi, Ashraf A. "Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases not unique to pregnancy." World Journal of Gastroenterology 19, no. 43 (2013): 7630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i43.7630.

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Gcelu, A. "Rheumatic diseases and pregnancy." South African Medical Journal 104, no. 9 (August 3, 2014): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.8763.

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Shimizu, Yuko. "Neuroimmunological diseases and pregnancy." Rinsho Shinkeigaku 52, no. 11 (2012): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.52.878.

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Kevat, D., and L. Mackillop. "Neurological diseases in pregnancy." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 43, no. 1 (March 21, 2013): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2013.112.

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Krasnopolsky, Krasnopolsky V. I., Logutova L. S. Logutova, Akhvlediani K. N. Akhvlediani, Travkina A A. Travkina A, Petrukhin V. A. Petrukhin, Lubnin A. Yu Lubnin, Kheireddin A. S. Kheireddin, et al. "Cerebrovascular diseases and pregnancy." Akusherstvo i ginekologiia 8_2017 (August 27, 2017): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2017.8.50-8.

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Yılmaz, Özgür, Tamer Altındağ, Burcu Artunç Ülkümen, and Halil Gürsoy Pala. "Pregnancy and Pericardial Diseases." Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (2017): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/kjms.2017.15045.

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Crispino, Pietro, Luca Fontanella, and Paola Gnerre. "Liver diseases and pregnancy." Italian Journal of Medicine 11, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2017.817.

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Pregnancy is a time of great maternal physiological and metabolic changes and affects biochemical and hematological parameters used in the assessment of liver disease. Due to the increased physiological and metabolic stress of pregnancy, liver disorders that have previously been subclinical may become symptomatic such as cholestatic diseases. The viral hepatitis constitutes a huge disease burden worldwide and the pregnant state confers particular concerns for the mother and her baby. In particular, hepatitis E has a predilection for the pregnant population and confers a particularly poor prognosis. In addition, certain pregnancy specific disorders such as elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and obstetric cholestasis-affect primarily the liver. It is important to know how to diagnose and manage these conditions and distinguish them from non-pregnancy specific conditions as this will change the timing and management of affected women and their babies, some of whom can be seriously ill.

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Raghu, Srikanti, and SuryaKiran Pulivarthi. "Respiratory diseases in pregnancy." Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.15380/2277-5706.jcsr.14.048.

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GORDON, C. "Pregnancy and autoimmune diseases." Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 18, no. 3 (June 2004): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2004.02.012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pregnancy diseases"

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Smarason, Alexander Kristinn. "Trophoblast-endothelial cell interactions in the maternal syndrome of pre-eclampsia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335845.

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Intrusi, Valentina. "Managing Challenges of Non Communicable Diseases during Pregnancy: An Innovative Approach." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15675/.

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Le sfide lanciate dalle malattie non trasmissibili sono accolte da tecnologie sempre più all'avanguardia. Nonostante questo, ancora oggi gestire e monitorare gravidanze a rischio rimane un problema. La simulazione di condizioni come quella data dal diabete gestazionale, può aiutare a capire quali sono i principali fattori che influenzano l'andamento della malattia in modo da poterne evitare l'insorgenza e, in questo modo, migliorare la salute di madri e generazioni future. Questa tesi ha come obietto lo studio e il miglioramento di un sistema Agent-Based pensato per il trattamento del diabete di tipo 1 e la modellazione di una sua estensione per il diabete gestazionale. Al termine della tesi è stato migliorato il sistema rendendolo più fedele ai cambiamenti fisiologici che avvengono durante il metabolismo del glucosio e la modellazione della placenta e relativamente delle modifiche che apporta all'intero sistema getta le basi per nuovi sviluppi legati al trattamento di malattie durante il periodo di gestazione.

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Leung, Tsin-wah. "Imprinting genes in gestational trophoblastic diseases /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36434504.

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Leung, Tsin-wah, and 梁展華. "Imprinting genes in gestational trophoblastic diseases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010845.

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Magnusson, Linda L. "Parental exposures and occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and childhood atopic diseases /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-673-5/.

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Ahrens, Katherine Antonia. "Consequences of controlling viral diseases during pregnancy: antiherpetic medication and influenza vaccination." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12260.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The treatment and prevention of viral diseases during pregnancy are common concerns for medical providers and pregnant women, yet evidence regarding risks associated with these interventions is sparse. In study 1 we evaluated the association between antiherpetic medication use and the risk of gastroschisis, an abdominal wall birth defect, among women who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study from 1997-2007. The mothers of 0.7% (n=7) of 941 gastroschisis cases and 0.3% (n=22) of 8,339 non-malformed controls reported antiherpetic medication use during the first trimester of pregnancy; after adjustment for confounders, the risk of gastroschisis was twice as high among women using antiherpetic medication during the first trimester compared with those reporting no use of antiherpetics during pregnancy. Our study raises the possibility of a modest adverse effect of either antiherpetic medication use during the first trimester or the herpes infection for which it was presumably indicated. In study 2 we examined the association between seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy and the risk of pre term birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) among a retrospective cohort of 2,279 mothers of non-malformed infants who participated in the Slone Birth Defect Study from 2006-2011. One third of women reported influenza vaccination during pregnancy and approximately 7% (n=164) experienced a preterm birth. We observed a null association between influenza vaccination at any time during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, after adjustment for confounders. For study 3 we evaluated the association between seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy and the risk of small infant size, also among mothers of non-malformed infants participating in the Slone Birth Defect Study from 2006-2011. Small infant size was defined as small for gestational age (SGA), i.e. <10th percentile in weight given gestational week of delivery, using both sex-specific birthweight references values (SGAr) and a customized standard (SGAc). Respectively, 9.6% (n=214) and 10.3% (n= 229) of infants were classified as SGAr and SGAc. We observed modest protective associations between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and the risks of SGAr and SGAc. Together with Study 2, these findings provide some support for the relative safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy.

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Sihavong, Amphoy. "Management of reproductive tract infections among health providers and in the community in Lao People's Democratic Republic /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-383-2/.

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Robertus, Kacie Taylor. "Myths and misconceptions exploring beliefs about pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/robertus/RobertusK0510.pdf.

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The purpose of this professional project was to explore myths and misconceptions about sexual activity in adolescents. Adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a significant problem worldwide and have been studied for many decades (Kirby, 2002). The burden of treating pregnancy and STD in the adolescent population affects all aspects of healthcare. Because of the magnitude of the problem, prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among adolescents has become a national priority (McBride & Gienapp 2000). A review of literature was conducted focusing on education, current myths and misconceptions of sexual activity, STD and pregnancy. A survey was created based on the literature. The questions asked were pregnancy or STD related and focused on fertility, condom use, and STD transmission. A convenience sample of four female and three male adolescents aged 15-18 participated. Important preliminary results were provided by the survey. Survey results indicated a high number of incorrect responses. Questions regarding pregnancy were the most frequently missed while questions about STD were answered correctly by most participants. Sample size was small, so generalization is impossible. However, knowing that these adolescents had limited knowledge about pregnancy prevention and sexually transmitted diseases may encourage inclusion about these topics in future educational programs for adolescents.

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Ives, Angela Denise. "Breast cancer and pregnancy : how does a concurrent or subsequent pregnancy affect breast cancer diagnosis, management and outcomes?" University of Western Australia. School of Surgery, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0038.

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[Truncated abstract] A diagnosis of breast cancer is a life-changing event for any woman. For young women and their families it can be devastating. Women aged less than 45 years make up 20% of new cases of breast cancer diagnosed annually in Australia. With the trend for women to delay pregnancy, young women diagnosed with breast cancer may want at least the option to become pregnant after diagnosis and treatment but little is known about how pregnancy affects breast cancer or how breast cancer affects pregnancy. The aims of this thesis were to investigate how concurrent and subsequent pregnancy affects the development and outcomes of breast cancer and how breast cancer affects a concurrent or subsequent pregnancy. This study describes two groups of women identified from the entire Western Australian population less than 45 years of age when diagnosed with: 1. Gestational breast cancer, defined as breast cancer diagnosed while a woman is pregnant or in the first twelve months after completion of a pregnancy; and 2. Breast cancer who subsequently conceive. This study focused on three main areas; patterns of care and outcomes for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer and those women diagnosed with breast cancer who subsequently conceived; the imaging and pathological characteristics of gestational breast cancer; and lastly the psychosocial issues associated with gestational breast cancer. ... This result was statistically significant. In an age and staged matched case control study lymph node negativity did not purvey a survival advantage for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer as it did for the non- gestational breast cancer controls. Women diagnosed with breast cancer who have good prognosis tumours need not necessarily wait two years to become pregnant. In an age matched case control study women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer were more likely to have extensive insitu carcinoma, higher mitotic rates and tumours with medullary like features than their age matched controls. In a Cox's proportional hazards regression model which included pathological characteristics, there was no significant difference in survival for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer were compared to women diagnosed with non-gestational breast cancers. The psychosocial issues for women diagnosed with gestational breast cancer are similar to other young women diagnosed with breast cancer but the effect on the 9 lives of women dealing with pregnancy and breast cancer simultaneously was much greater. The issues of breast cancer and pregnancy are complex at both a physical and psychological level. Much more research is needed to understand the mechanisms of how pregnancy affects breast cancer and its spread. Women who are pregnant when diagnosed with breast cancer or who consider pregnancy after their diagnosis need unbiased support from those around them. Survival is important but other survivorship issues may be just as important. To translate these findings into clinical practice and offer directions for future research eleven recommendations are proposed.

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Salonen, Ros Helena. "Preeclampsia and other circulatory diseases during pregnancy : etiological aspects and impact on female offspring /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-89428-09-9/.

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Books on the topic "Pregnancy diseases"

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Cardiovascular diseases and pregnancy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Gonik, Bernard, ed. Viral Diseases in Pregnancy. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2640-6.

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Eliseev, Oleg M. Cardiovascular Diseases and Pregnancy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73605-6.

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Cibils, Luis A., ed. Surgical Diseases in Pregnancy. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8979-8.

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Namazy, Jennifer A., and Michael Schatz, eds. Asthma, Allergic and Immunologic Diseases During Pregnancy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03395-8.

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Pathology of multiple pregnancy. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Maternal liver disease. Austin, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2012.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. Neurological disorders and pregnancy. Oxford: Elsevier, 2010.

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Masselli, Gabriele, ed. MRI of Fetal and Maternal Diseases in Pregnancy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21428-3.

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Hitchcock, Penelope J., H. Trent MacKay, Judith N. Wasserheit, and Roberta Binder, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818210.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pregnancy diseases"

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Order, Stanley E., and Sarah S. Donaldson. "Pregnancy." In Radiation Therapy of Benign Diseases, 237. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58719-1_90.

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Rayner, Hugh, Mark Thomas, and David Milford. "Are You Pregnant or Planning a Pregnancy?" In Understanding Kidney Diseases, 77–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23458-8_6.

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Eswaran, Sheila, and Nancy Reau. "Liver Disease in Pregnancy." In Liver Diseases, 293–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_28.

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Rayner, Hugh C., Mark E. Thomas, and David V. Milford. "Are You Pregnant or Planning a Pregnancy? How Pregnancy Affects the Kidneys and Vice Versa." In Understanding Kidney Diseases, 87–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43027-6_7.

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Macleod, A. M. "Collagen Vascular Diseases." In Pregnancy and Renal Disorders, 91–109. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2615-8_5.

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Eliseev, Oleg M. "Hypertension and Pregnancy." In Cardiovascular Diseases and Pregnancy, 128–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73605-6_12.

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Murphy, Elaine. "Pregnancy and Maternal Care." In Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 61–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49410-3_11.

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Akbari, Mona, and Jacqueline L. Wolf. "Gastrointestinal Diseases During Pregnancy." In Medical Problems During Pregnancy, 1–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39328-5_1.

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Wigmore, Robin Elizabeth, and Francisco M. Salgueiro. "Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy." In Medical Problems During Pregnancy, 77–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39328-5_5.

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Eliseev, Oleg M. "Vascular Diseases and Pregnancy." In Cardiovascular Diseases and Pregnancy, 154–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73605-6_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pregnancy diseases"

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Silva, CA, and DA Isenberg. "OP0132 Myositis and pregnancy." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.582.

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Hazes, M. "SP0068 Pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.22.

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Al-Izzi, MK, A. Sabri, and L. Saed. "SAT0118 Meralgia parasthetica in pregnancy." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.551.

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Ertenli, Ý., V. Cobankara, S. Apras, S. Kiraz, MA Oztürk, and M. Çalgüneri. "AB0079 Cyclophosphamide exposure during pregnancy: two cases." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.124.

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Mavragani, C., and HM Moutsopoulos. "SP0069 Pregnancy outcome and anti-ro/ssa antibodies." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.23.

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Petrovic, RR, Z. Mikovic, M. Petrovic, LJ Srejic, and M. Roganovic. "FRI0183 Anticardiolipin antibodies in women with unexplained pregnancy loss." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.252.

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Perez Onofre, I., C. M. Skinner Taylor, L. Perez Barboza, D. A. Galarza Delgado, J. A. Soria Lopez, and N. E. Rubio Perez. "AB1419-HPR Clinic of pregnancy and rheumatic diseases: epidemiologic characterisation." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6163.

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Diana, Sulis, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni, and Budi Prasetyo. "Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Incidence of Pre-eclampsy in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.82.

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ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of preeclampsia is around 5-8% of all diseases that occur during pregnancy. There was an increase from 10.5% of women with OSA in the first trimester to 26.7% in the third trimester. This study aimed to investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching the articles from PubMed and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2019. An obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) analysis was performed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify designs, summary results and publication estimates. Results: As many as 15 studies with a total of 1,837 subjects were included. OSA during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. The selected studies were conducted in observational designs. The existing studies showed that maternal OSA was significantly associated with preeclampsia (aOR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.30 to 2.42). Conclusion: There is the adverse relationship of OSA and preeclampsia. OSA increases the risk of multiple pregnancy and perinatal complications. Keywords: preeclampsia, OSA, pregnancy Correspondence: Sulis Diana. Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java. Email: Diana.sulis6@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282234209942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.82

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Miracle, Ekе, and Tetiana Kozub. "EXTRAGENITAL DISEASES IN PREGNANCY: A CASE STUDY ON ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY." In SPECIALIZED AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/11.12.2020.v3.26.

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Motta, F., V. Ramoni, B. Vitolo, A. Milanesi, F. Beneventi, S. Quaglini, R. Caporali, and C. Montecucco. "THU0674 Rheumatic diseases and pregnancy: a single centre dedicated clinic experience." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.6481.

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Reports on the topic "Pregnancy diseases"

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Yordanova, Diana, and Asen Nikolov. The Peptide Hormone Hepcidin as a Tool for Diagnosis of Anemia of Chronic Disease in Pregnancy. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.04.14.

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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.

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Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.

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Women with kidney disease can be given a personal risk assessment for pregnancy, following new research. National Institute for Health Research, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/alert_46785.

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Introducing magnesium sulphate for the management of pregnancy induced hypertension. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1012.

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Global studies have demonstrated that using magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to manage hypertensive disease in pregnancy reduces morbidity and mortality due to severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, one of the five direct causes of maternal death. Many countries have been slow to introduce MgSO4 to the detriment of women’s health. There are also critical gaps in health-care provider knowledge, skills, and practice in management of eclampsia. Although the use of MgSO4 was introduced successfully to the Maternity Unit at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, in 2001, there has been no systematic introduction of the drug across the country. Generally, the only facilities utilizing MgSO4 are those supported by development partners and some mission hospitals. In response to requests from health-care managers and providers in Western Province to be trained in the use of MgSO4, a two-day practical training program was developed. As noted in this brief, the main objective of the training was to ensure that participants had specific skills for preventing and managing severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.

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Tuko Pamoja: A guide for talking with young people about their reproductive health. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1017.

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This guide was developed for public health technicians working with the Ministry of Health as part of the Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project Tuko Pamoja (We Are Together). It can be used by anyone wishing to broaden their understanding of adolescent reproductive health (RH) issues and improve communication with young people. Providing young people with support by talking with and listening to them as well as ensuring they have access to accurate information can help them understand the wide range of changes they are experiencing during adolescence. Although parents, teachers, religious and community leaders, and health-care providers are expected to educate adolescents about personal and physical development, relationships, and their roles in society, it may be difficult for them to do so in a comfortable and unbiased way. For these reasons, it is important to meet adolescents’ need for information and services. Adolescent RH education provides information about reproductive physiology and puberty; protective behavior; and the responsibilities and consequences that come with sexual activity. Providing young people with accurate RH information promotes sexual health and well-being, and supports healthy, responsible, and positive life experiences, as well as preventing disease and unintended pregnancy.

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