Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pregnancy and safety

Academic literature on the topic 'Pregnancy and safety'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pregnancy and safety"

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Yalcinkaya, E., M. Celik, B. Bugan, and UC Yuksel. "Safety concerns in pregnancy." Clinics 68, no. 4 (April 25, 2013): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2013(04)23.

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Varse, Ramona Georgiana, Nicolae Gica, Radu Botezatu, Gheorghe Peltecu, and Anca Maria Panaitescu. "Hydroxychloroquine - safety in pregnancy." Romanian Journal of Rheumatology 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjr.2022.1.1.

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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug containing a 4-aminoquinoline radical, with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects, which is widely used in the treatment of various rheumatological conditions and is also compatible with pregnancy. It is well known that hydroxychloroquine crosses the placental barrier and hence it can protect against adverse perinatal outcomes, such as congenital heart block in fetuses of anti-SSA/Ro positive mothers. When it is administered at daily doses inferior or equal to 400 mg, HCQ is not associated with augmented risk of perinatal morbidity and it has also been found to prevent disease flares among pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA), improving maternal outcomes and being protective toward fetal health as well. However, the concerns about its safety in pregnancy are still present because studies on the risks of perinatal defects associated with HCQ administration arise sparse and have controversial results. The purpose of the current article is to make a review of the medical literature concerning the safety of HCQ in pregnancy. For this purpose, scientific research in online medical publications such as Elsevier, PubMed, and The Lancet, was conducted.
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Newsome, Melba. "Drug safety in pregnancy." New Scientist 250, no. 3338 (June 2021): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)00992-1.

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Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, and David Mankuta. "Omalizumab safety in pregnancy." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 145, no. 2 (February 2020): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.018.

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Scialli, Anthony R. "Drug safety in pregnancy." Reproductive Toxicology 5, no. 5 (January 1991): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(91)90013-6.

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Lam, Y. W. Francis. "Alprazolam safety in pregnancy." Brown University Psychopharmacology Update 34, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pu.30971.

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Naleway, Allison L., Bradley Crane, Stephanie A. Irving, Don Bachman, Kimberly K. Vesco, Matthew F. Daley, Darios Getahun, et al. "Vaccine Safety Datalink infrastructure enhancements for evaluating the safety of maternal vaccination." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 12 (January 2021): 204209862110212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420986211021233.

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Background: Identifying pregnancy episodes and accurately estimating their beginning and end dates are imperative for observational maternal vaccine safety studies using electronic health record (EHR) data. Methods: We modified the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) Pregnancy Episode Algorithm (PEA) to include both the International Classification of Disease, ninth revision (ICD-9 system) and ICD-10 diagnosis codes, incorporated additional gestational age data, and validated this enhanced algorithm with manual medical record review. We also developed the new Dynamic Pregnancy Algorithm (DPA) to identify pregnancy episodes in real time. Results: Around 75% of the pregnancy episodes identified by the enhanced VSD PEA were live births, 12% were spontaneous abortions (SABs), 10% were induced abortions (IABs), and 0.4% were stillbirths (SBs). Gestational age was identified for 99% of live births, 89% of SBs, 69% of SABs, and 42% of IABs. Agreement between the PEA-assigned and abstractor-identified pregnancy outcome and outcome date was 100% for live births, but was lower for pregnancy losses. When gestational age was available in the medical record, the agreement was higher for live births (97%), but lower for pregnancy losses (75%). The DPA demonstrated strong concordance with the PEA and identified pregnancy episodes ⩾6 months prior to the outcome date for 89% of live births. Conclusion: The enhanced VSD PEA is a useful tool for identifying pregnancy episodes in EHR databases. The DPA improves the timeliness of pregnancy identification and can be used for near real-time maternal vaccine safety studies. Plain Language Summary Improving identification of pregnancies in the Vaccine Safety Datalink electronic medical record databases to allow for better and faster monitoring of vaccination safety during pregnancy Introduction: It is important to monitor of the safety of vaccines after they have been approved and licensed by the Food and Drug Administration, especially among women vaccinated during pregnancy. The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) monitors vaccine safety through observational studies within large databases of electronic medical records. Since 2012, VSD researchers have used an algorithm called the Pregnancy Episode Algorithm (PEA) to identify the medical records of women who have been pregnant. Researchers then use these medical records to study whether receiving a particular vaccine is linked to any negative outcomes for the woman or her child. Methods: The goal of this study was to update and enhance the PEA to include the full set of medical record diagnostic codes [both from the older International Classification of Disease, ninth revision (ICD-9 system) and the newer ICD-10 system] and to incorporate additional sources of data about gestational age. To ensure the validity of the PEA following these enhancements, we manually reviewed medical records and compared the results with the algorithm. We also developed a new algorithm, the Dynamic Pregnancy Algorithm (DPA), to identify women earlier in pregnancy, allowing us to conduct more timely vaccine safety assessments. Results: The new version of the PEA identified 2,485,410 pregnancies in the VSD database. The enhanced algorithm more precisely estimated the beginning of pregnancies, especially those that did not result in live births, due to the new sources of gestational age data. Conclusion: Our new algorithm, the DPA, was successful at identifying pregnancies earlier in gestation than the PEA. The enhanced PEA and the new DPA will allow us to better evaluate the safety of current and future vaccinations administered during or around the time of pregnancy.
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&NA;. "Safety of antithrombotics in pregnancy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 427 (November 1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204270-00001.

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Clayden, Polly. "Safety of Antiretrovirals in Pregnancy." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 1 (March 23, 2009): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i1.311.

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Donner, Barbara, Viswanathan Niranjan, and Gerhard Hoffmann. "Safety of Oseltamivir in Pregnancy." Drug Safety 33, no. 8 (August 2010): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11536370-000000000-00000.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pregnancy and safety"

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Meijer, Willemijn Marieke. "Drug safety in pregnancy studying and communicating teratogenic risks /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/297900455.

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Chi, Ching-Chi. "Evidence-based assessment of the safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504309.

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Esch, Jennifer, and Guadalupe Sandoval. "Pharmacy Student Knowledge of Teratogens to Avoid in Pregnancy." The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623792.

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Class of 2010 Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge of third year pharmacy students about the safety of certain medications during pregnancy and to assess their awareness of an important resource available on medication safety. METHODS: The study used an analytical cross-­‐sectional design. A pre-­‐test was administered to determine baseline knowledge. Dee Quinn provided a presentation on teratogens. The same test was then administered as a post-­‐test to assess the amount of knowledge gained from the presentation. The pre and post-­‐tests were matched for data analysis. A mean and standard deviation were developed for pre and post-­‐test data and the results were compared to each other using a t-­‐test for dependent groups. RESULTS: Students showed a significant increase in knowledge after the presentation (p<0.0001). 78% of students had improved scores after the presentation. 100% of students felt that pharmacists could help make a difference in preventing malformations due to teratogen exposure. There was no significant difference between men and women or students with children and without children. Work experience did not affect knowledge scores. 64% of students felt more comfortable counseling pregnant patients after the presentation. Awareness of the Teratology Information Service improved after the presentation. CONCLUSIONS: After the presentation, students rated themselves as more comfortable speaking with pregnant patients and showed improved knowledge of teratogens. Gender, being a parent and work experience had no relevance on knowledge scores. The investigators recommend that this presentation be given to all students at the College of Pharmacy to improve knowledge in this area.
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Leke, Aminkeng Z. "Maternal use and safety of anti-infectives in pregnancy, with special reference to Cameroon." Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716360.

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Worldwide, there is a general lack of knowledge about medication safety during pregnancy. This problem is even greater in developing countries such as Cameroon with no epidemiological data. This PhD thesis provides data on the two arms of pharmacoepidemiological safety studies - use and risk - for anti-infectives in pregnancy. Between February and August 2015, 795 pregnant women attending 23 hospitals in SW Cameroon for antenatal (ANC) or other care were interviewed on first trimester medication use using structured questionnaires. Findings indicated that use of orthodox (73.1%) or traditional (36.9%) medications were common, with a proportion of women (28.7%) combining both. Antimalarials (33.6%) and antibiotics (20.8%) were the 3rd and 4th most commonly consumed group of orthodox medication. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy, was the most commonly used antimalarial (13%). Health unit and gestational age at ANC booking were consistent statistically significant predictors of use of different medications. In the second study, 30 congenital anomaly (CA) signals related to antibiotics use identified from the literature were tested in a case-malformed control study using the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomaly (EUROCAT) database covering 8 million births and records for 155,630 livebirths, stillbirths and terminations of pregnancy with CA. Cases were babies/fetus with CAs identified in the 30 signals, and controls were all other malformed babies/fetus. Binary logistic regression results confirmed two signals: congenital glaucoma related to general antibiotics intake (AOR2.11; CI: 1.05, 4.23); and atrioventricular septal defect related to intake of macrolides (AO2.97; CI: 1.47, 5.98). Eight new signals were generated requiring independent confirmation. The last part of this thesis combines the results from both studies to estimate the burden of CAs associated with first trimester use of antibiotics in SW Cameroon and recommends public health measures for safer use of medication in pregnancy in Cameroon.
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Perera, Dhammika. "A Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Three Medical Abortion Protocols." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6649.

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Unsafe abortions pose serious threats to women's health. Medical abortion provides safer abortion access to many. The lengthy interval between misoprostol and mifepristone creates multiple barriers for women and providers. A paucity of research exists about medical abortion protocols that allow single day procedures. The efficacy and the safety of 3 medical abortion protocols of varying lengths were explored in this study. A secondary data set of over 55,000 patients from the United Kingdom was retrospectively analyzed using binomial logistic regression. Efficacy results showed no significant difference between the conventional and the simultaneous protocols; when compared to those, the 6- to 8- hour protocol showed a 79% higher risk (OR = 0.210, 95% CI = 0.178 - 0.246) of failure. Safety of the simultaneous protocol was 48% lesser (OR = 0.524, 95% CI = 0.447 - 0.613) and the safety of the 6- to 8- hour protocol 61% lesser (OR = 0.386, 95% CI = 0.304- 0.489) compared to the conventional protocol. The absolute risk of complications or severe adverse events of all protocols (0.98%, 1.97%, and 2.67%) was very low. The results suggest the simultaneous protocol is a viable alternative to the conventional protocol up to 10 weeks' gestation. The results could promote the adoption of the simultaneous protocol by health systems, give millions more women access to safe and effective single day medical abortions, reduce the need for skilled clinicians, and reduce cost burdens for both women and for healthcare systems overall. Implementation of these social changes could make abortion safer globally.
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Lind, Jennifer N. "Maternal Medication Use and Risk of Hypospadias- An Exposure Spectrum Approach." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/207.

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Purpose To investigate associations between maternal use of selected medications during early pregnancy and the risk of hypospadias in male infants. Methods We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi-site, population-based, case-control study. We analyzed data from 1,537 case infants with second or third degree isolated hypospadias and 4,314 male control infants born from 1997-2007. Exposure was based on reported use of any prescription or over-the-counter medication or herbal product, for which there were at least 5 exposed cases, from 1 month before to 4 months after conception, excluding topicals, vitamins, minerals, and products for which the components were unknown. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for several confounders. Results Of the 195 medication components with at least 5 exposed cases, 89 components met the inclusion criteria and were assessed-28 herbal and 61 non-herbal components. Hypospadias was associated with reported use of cephalexin (aOR 3.06; 95% CI 1.02, 9.18), phenylpropanolamine HCl (aOR 2.68; 95% CI 1.06, 6.80), and ibuprofen (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00, 1.34), in primary analyses. Conclusions We replicated a previously observed association between maternal exposure to phenylpropanolamine HCl and hypospadias. The associations with cephalexin and ibuprofen have not previously been reported. Given the exploratory nature of the analyses, these results should be considered hypothesis-generating. Better understanding of the potential fetal effects will allow clinicians and women of childbearing age to make more informed decisions regarding the use of medications during pregnancy.
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Charlton, Rachel. "The general practice research database as an alternative to registries for studying drug safety in pregnancy : anticonvulsants as a case study." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557803.

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Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of automated healthcare databases for drug safety in pregnancy evaluation; their suitability for this purpose needs to be evaluated. Aim: To evaluate the utility of the United Kingdom’s General Practice Research Database (GPRD) to act as an alternative to pregnancy registries, using anticonvulsants as a case study. Methods: Pregnancies in women with epilepsy were identified and first trimester anticonvulsant exposure was determined. Major congenital malformations in the offspring were identified and verified. The risk of major congenital malformations following exposure to a range of anticonvulsants was calculated and compared to those reported by the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. The ability to identify a known teratogenic association using GPRD data was also assessed. An algorithm was created to identify and classify different types of pregnancy loss in an automated manner. Results: The risks of a pregnancy outcome with a major congenital malformation following first trimester anticonvulsant exposures, were found to be similar in the GPRD to those of the UK Register. The number of exposures to individual products in the GPRD was often small and therefore lacked statistical power. It was, however, possible to identify a known teratogenic association using data from the GPRD. Verification of the algorithm developed to classify pregnancy losses demonstrated that, although not perfect, it would be a beneficial tool when using the GPRD for drug safety in pregnancy research. Conclusion: It is unlikely a single data source or study design will be sufficient for monitoring all aspects of the safety of medicine use during pregnancy. The GPRD has the potential to make a valuable contribution to this field of research and could play an important role in complementing the work of other surveillance systems.
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Viljoen, Estelle. "A systematic review of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20265.

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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is a common medical condition. Due to possible harmful side-effects that conventional medicine may pose to the fetus, many mothers choose not to use it, and are left helpless against NVP. There is a need for alternative treatment to relieve NVP symptoms. Objectives: This systematic review (SR) investigated current evidence regarding ginger for the treatment of NVP. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of ginger in treating NVP. The secondary objective was to assess the safety of ginger during pregnancy, by identifying adverse events or side-effects. Search strategy: Electronic search of bibliographic databases (1966-February 2011). Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy of ginger by any route, as treatment for NVP in pregnant women regardless of their age or stage of pregnancy. Data collection and analysis: The principal investigator and independent reviewer individually identified relevant studies, extracted data and assessed trial quality. Data analysis was performed using the RevMan5 software. Differences at the level of p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Eleven RCTs involving 1176 pregnant women were included. The quality of evidence was low, hence the high risk of bias and imprecision of results. Ginger significantly improved the symptoms of nausea when compared to placebo, when comparing the results of this SR to past SRs, and taking into account a meta-analysis performed on two relatively large included studies (mean difference (MD) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-1.84, p=0.0002, I2=0%). However, another meta-analysis on two smaller studies indicated no significant improvement in nausea. Ginger did not significantly improve nausea when compared to vitamin B6 (MD 0.34, 95% CI -1.52-2.20, p=0.7, I2=91%). Similarly, ginger did not significantly reduce the number of vomiting episodes during NVP, when compared to placebo, although there was a trend towards improvement (MD 0.72, 95% CI -0.03-1.46, p=0.06, I2=71%). Subgroup analyses performed seemed to favor the lower daily dosage of <1500mg ginger to possibly be more effective for the relief of nausea. Ginger did not pose a significant risk for spontaneous abortion when compared to placebo (RR 3.14, 95% CI 0.65-15.11, p=0.15; I2=0%), or to vitamin B6 (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.17-1.42, p=0.19, I2=40%). Similarly, ginger did not pose a significant risk for the side effects of heartburn or drowsiness when compared to placebo or vitamin B6. When compared to dimenhydrinate, ginger posed a smaller risk for drowsiness (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.18) and no increased risk for heartburn. Conclusions: This review suggests potential benefits of ginger in reducing nausea symptoms in pregnancy (bearing in mind the limited number of studies, variable outcome reporting and quality of evidence). Ginger did not have a significant impact on vomiting episodes, nor pose a risk for side effects or adverse events during pregnancy. Based on evidence from this SR, ginger could be considered a harmless and possibly effective alternative option for women suffering from the symptoms of NVP. Large RCTs are necessary to confirm the possible benefit of ginger as treatment for NVP.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Naarheid en vomering tydens swangerskap (NVS) is ‘n algemene mediese toestand. As gevolg van moontlike skadelike newe-effekte wat konvensionele medikasie kan veroorsaak vir die fetus, vermy baie moeders dit en word hulpeloos gelaat teen NVS. Dus is daar behoefte aan alternatiewe behandeling vir NVS. Doelwitte: Hierdie sistematiese literatuuroorsig (SO) het huidige literatuur ondersoek wat verband hou met gemmer vir behandeling van NVS. Die primêre doelwit was om effektiwiteit van gemmer as behandeling vir NVS te assesseer. Die sekondêre doelwit was om veiligheid van gemmer tydens swangerskap te assesseer, deur ongunstige gebeure en newe-effekte te identifiseer. Soektogstrategie: Elektroniese soektog van bibliografiese databasisse (1966-Februarie 2011). Seleksiekriteria: Verewekansigde gekontrolleerde proewe (RCTs) van gemmer deur enige roete as behandeling van NVS, in swanger vroue ongeag ouderdom of stadium van swangerskap. Dataversameling en –analise: Die hoof navorser en ‘n onafhanklike hersiener het individueel relevante studies geidentifiseer, data ekstraksie onderneem en studie-kwaliteit geassesseer. Data-analise is uitgevoer deur die RevMan5 sagteware te gebruik. Verskille by die vlak van p<0.05 was beskou as statisties betekenisvol. Hoof resultate: Elf RCTs waarby 1176 swanger vroue betrokke was, is ingesluit. Die studie-kwaliteit was swak, dus die hoë risiko vir sydigheid en onakkuraatheid van resultate. Gemmer het beduidend die simptome van naarheid verbeter in vergelyking met plasebo, wanneer die resultate van hierdie SO met vorige SO’s vergelyk word, en die meta-analise in ag geneem word wat op twee relatiewe groot ingeslote studies uitgevoer is (gemiddelde verskil (MD) 1.20, 95% vertrouens interval (VI) 0.56-1.84, p=0.0002,I2=0%). Kontrasterend, het ‘n ander meta-analise van twee kleiner studies geen beduidende verbetering in naarheid aangedui nie. Gemmer het nie beduidend naarheid verbeter wanneer dit met vitamien B6 vergelyk word nie (MD 0.34, 95% VI -1.52-2.20, p=0.7, I2=91%). Soortgelyk, het gemmer nie die aantal vomerings-episodes verminder, in verglyking met plasebo nie, maar daar was wel ‘n neiging na verbetering (MD 0.72, 95% VI -0.03-1.46, p=0.06, I2=71%). Die subgroup-analise blyk ten gunste te wees van die laer daaglikse dosis van <1500mg gemmer om meer effektief te wees vir die behandeling van naarheid. Gemmer het nie ‘n beduidende risiko ingehou vir spontane aborsie, wanneer dit vergelyk word met plasebo (relatiewe risiko (RR) 3.14, 95% VI 0.65-15.11,p=0.15;I2=0%), of vitamien B6 nie (RR 0.49, 95% VI 0.17-1.42,p=0.19;I2=40%). Soortgelyk, het gemmer nie ‘n beduidende risiko ingehou vir newe-effekte van sooibrand of duiseligheid, wanneer dit vergelyk word met plasebo of vitamien B6 nie. Wanneer dit vergelyk word met dimenhidrinaat, het gemmer ‘n kleiner risiko ingehou vir duiseligheid (RR 0.08, 95% VI 0.03-0.18) en geen verhoogde risiko vir sooibrand nie. Gevolgtrekkings: Hierdie SO dui ‘n potensiële voordeel van gemmer aan in vermindering van naarheid tydens swangerskap (inagnemend van die klein hoeveelheid studies, wisselende uitkomste-rapportering en studie-kwaliteit). Gemmer het nie ‘n beduidnede impak gehad op vomerings-episodes nie, en ook nie ‘n risiko ingehou vir newe-efekte of ongunstige gebeure tydens swangerskap nie. Volgens bewyse uit hierdie SO, kan gemmer beskou word as ‘n skadelose en moontlike effektiewe alternatiewe opsie vir vroue wat lei aan NVP. Grootskaalse RCTs is nodig om die moontlike voordeel van gemmer as behandeling vir NVS te bevestig.
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Weekes, Alix M. "Systems for the automotive industry for improved safety of pregnant occupants." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6374.

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The thesis presents an investigation of pregnant women s safety and comfort needs during car travel. A survey is used to investigate all aspects and problems of car travel. This survey is a comprehensive examination of the entire driving activity with much detail of reported difficulties from pregnant women that forms a novel resource for the automotive engineers. The survey results are used to generate guidelines for the automotive industry. A series of sled tests are presented that investigate seat belt use in pregnancy including the use of lap belt positioners. The peak abdominal pressure results clearly agree with current guidelines that the lap belt should be positioned across the hips and not across the abdomen. This research includes a novel anthropometric dataset for 107 pregnant women including measurements especially selected for the field of automotive design and to describe the changes of pregnancy. This includes investigation of pregnant driver s proximity to the steering wheel. A novel measurement of knee splay is used to define the pregnant women s preference to sit with their knees widely spaced instead of knees together, in both normal sitting and in a car. Comparison is made between the pregnant women's measurements and the available data in the literature for non-pregnant women and males, and this shows that pregnant women can be excluded from designs if the accommodation does not consider their needs. The pregnant women's anthropometric data is presented as a novel website in order to make the data available to the automotive industry. This website is generated for use by automotive engineers and is designed to suit their usability needs and the general trends within the industry, in order to make the site more user-friendly and more likely to be used as a reference for pregnant occupant's needs.
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Moustafa, Moustafa. "Fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16308.

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Motor vehicle accidents are statistically the major cause of accidental severe injuries for pregnant women and fetuses fatality. Volunteers, post mortem human surrogates, anthropomorphic crash test devices and computational occupant models are used to improve human safety in motor vehicle accidents. However, due to the ethical issues, pregnant women and their fetuses cannot be used as volunteers or post mortem human surrogates to investigate the effects of crashes on them. The only anthropomorphic test device representing pregnant women is very limited in design and lacks a fetus. There is no computational pregnant occupant model with a fetus other than 'Expecting'. This thesis focuses on understanding the risk of placental abruption for pregnant drivers involved in road accidents, hence assessing the risk to fetus fatality. An extensive review of existing models in general and pregnant women models in particular is reported. The time line of successive development of crash test dummies and their positive effect on automotive passive safety design are examined. 'Expecting', the computational pregnant occupant model with a finite element uterus and a multibody fetus, is used in this research to determine the strain levels in the uteroplacental interface. External factors, such as the effect of restraint systems and crash speeds are considered. Internal factors, such as the effect of placental location in the uterus, and the inclusion and exclusion of a fetus are investigated. The head of the multibody fetus is replaced with a deformable head model to investigate the effects of a deformable fetus head on strain levels. The computational pregnant driver model with a fetus offers a more realistic representation of the response to crash impact hence provides a useful tool to investigate fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents. Seat belt, airbag and steering wheel interact directly with the pregnant abdomen and play an important role on fetus safety in motor vehicle accidents. The results prove that the use of a three-point seat belt with the airbag offer the greatest protection to the fetus for frontal crash impacts. The model without a fetus underestimates the strain levels. The outcome of this research should assist automobile manufacturers to address the potential safety issues at the design level.
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Books on the topic "Pregnancy and safety"

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Aegerter, Mary. Food safety during your pregnancy. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 2000.

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Medication safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 2007.

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Kenen, Regina H. Pregnancy at work: Health and safety for the working woman. London: Pluto in association with Maternity Alliance, 1998.

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Kenen, Regina. Pregnancy at work: Health and safety for the working woman. London: Pluto Press, in association with Maternity Alliance, 1998.

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Jan, Gerris, Olivennes F, and Sutter Petra de, eds. Assisted reproductive technologies: Quality and safety. Boca Raton: Parthenon Pub. Group, 2003.

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Abrams, Richard S. Will it hurt the baby?: The safe use of medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co, 1990.

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Abrams, Richard S. Will it hurt the baby?: The safe use of medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1990.

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Rayburn, William F., and Paul A. Gluck. Patient safety in obstetrics and gynecology: Improving outcomes, reducing risks. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008.

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N, Hudson Christopher, Sharp F, and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (Great Britain). Study Group, eds. AIDS and obstetrics and gynaecology. London: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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1946-, Mossman Kenneth L., and Mills William A. 1929-, eds. The Biological basis of radiation protection practice. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pregnancy and safety"

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Chambers, Christina D., and Elizabeth B. Andrews. "Drug Safety in Pregnancy." In Mann's Pharmacovigilance, 611–24. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118820186.ch40.

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Pettker, Christian M. "Patient Safety." In Queenan's Management of High-Risk Pregnancy, 439–44. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119963783.ch53.

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Dudley, Matthew Z., Daniel A. Salmon, Neal A. Halsey, Walter A. Orenstein, Rupali J. Limaye, Sean T. O’Leary, and Saad B. Omer. "Vaccines and Pregnancy." In The Clinician’s Vaccine Safety Resource Guide, 29–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94694-8_4.

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Adeli, Bahar, Erkanda Ikonomi, and Asyia Ahmad. "Safety of Procedures During Pregnancy." In Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders in Women’s Health, 347–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25626-5_23.

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Djokanovic, Nada, and Gideon Koren. "Safety of Medications During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding." In Neonatology, 358–63. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1405-3_51.

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Chambers, Christina. "Safety of Asthma and Allergy Medications During Pregnancy." In Asthma, Allergic and Immunologic Diseases During Pregnancy, 15–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03395-8_2.

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Jan, Matevž, David Žižek, Vesna Fabjan Vodušek, and Bor Antolič. "Safety of Zero-Fluoroscopic Catheter Ablation During Pregnancy." In Cardiac Electrophysiology Without Fluoroscopy, 199–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16992-3_16.

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Chatterjee, Manas, Manish Khandare, and Vibhu Chatterjee. "Topical Corticosteroid During Pregnancy: Indications, Safety and Precautions." In A Treatise on Topical Corticosteroids in Dermatology, 81–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4609-4_6.

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Spigset, Olav, and Hedvig Nordeng. "Safety of Psychotropic Drugs in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding." In Pharmacovigilance in Psychiatry, 299–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24741-0_15.

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Stephens, Sally. "Safety and Pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy." In Pharmacovigilance for Herbal and Traditional Medicines, 77–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07275-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pregnancy and safety"

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Marques, Grazielle de Oliveira, Guilherme Rodrigues Fontes Moura, Gabriela Brill Ney, and Pablo Henrique da Costa Silva. "Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): treatment during pregnancy." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.284.

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Background: NMO is a demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the CNS which affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Method: review based on papers from 2016 to 2020. Platforms used: MEDLINE and Pubmed. The descriptors: “NMO” AND “Treatment”. Objective: to review therapeutic approaches and restrictions for NMO during pregnancy. Case report: G.V.L, 17 years, 23 weeks pregnant, diagnosis of NMO in Dec/2020, with progressive loss of visual acuity and limbs paresthesia. The patient received intravenous methylprednisolone pulses 1g/5 days, followed by 7 sessions of plasmapheresis (PLEX), showing partial symptoms remission, prednisone 60 mg was maintained. March/2021: she presented symptoms reissue, cranial MRI w/o: nerves signal alteration, chiasma and bilateral optical tracts. Spine MRI w/o: slight signal alteration in the dorsal root of the spinal cord, which extends from C1 to C4. Other 5 sessions of PLEX were attempted, without improvement. Results: during pregnancy, intravenous glucocorticoid, Rituximab and Eculizumab proved to be safe in the treatment of NMO. PLEX is indicated in cases of remissions resistant to medications. The therapy with immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and mitoxantrone, isn’t recommended. These immunosuppressants can cause miscarriage or pose a risk to the fetus. However, the immunosuppressant azathioprine has a safety profile in pregnancy; furthermore, it is considered the most appropriate maintenance treatment in combination with prednisone. Conclusion: due to the risk of miscarriage and teratogenicity, NMO treatment during pregnancy is restrict to intravenous glucocorticoids, rituximab and eculizumab, and in specific cases PLEX.
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Tent, Michiel. "New safety data of anti-CD20 mAbs around pregnancy." In ECTRIMS Congress 2022, edited by Hans-Peter Hartung. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/c67dae84.

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Acar, B. Serpil, M. Moustafa, Volkan Esat, and Memis Acar. "Pregnant Occupant Model Including a Fetus for Vehicle Safety Investigations." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20513.

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Computational occupant modelling has an effective role to play in investigating road safety. Realistic representation of occupants is very important to make investigations in virtual environment. Pregnant occupant modelling can help investigating safety for unborn occupants (fetuses) however, existing pregnant occupant models are not very realistic. Most do not anthropometrically represent pregnant women and do not include a fetus model. ‘Expecting’, a computational pregnant occupant model, developed with a view to simulate the dynamic response to crash impacts is briefly explained in this paper. The model is validated through rigid bar impacts and belt loading tests and used to simulate a wide range of impacts. ‘Expecting’, possess the anthropometric properties of a 5th percentile female at around the 38th week of pregnancy. The model is complete with a finite element uterus and a realistic multibody fetus which is a novel feature in models of this kind. In this paper, the effect of further developments to ‘Expecting’, by incorporating a finite element fetus head model is investigated. Further detailed anatomic geometry is used to generate deformable fetus head model. The model is used to simulate a range of frontal impacts with seatbelt and airbag, as well as no restraint cases. The strains developed in the utero-placental interface are used as the main criteria for fetus safety. The effect of incorporating a finite element fetus head in the pregnant occupant model is discussed.
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Pinto, Isabella, Rayone Costa, Mariana Freitas, Antony Stevens, and Maria de Fátima Souza. "PW 1793 Rape and pregnancy of adolescents in brazil: characteristics and implications for gestational health, delivery and birth." In Safety 2018 abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprevention-2018-safety.305.

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Fu, Luoyu, Peiqi Yi, Zikun Gao, and Yan Gan. "Design and Research of Flexible Wearable Medical Testing Equipment for Pregnant Women." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001478.

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Pregnant women, as a special group, bear the mission of nurturing and continuing human life. Pregnant women need to experience psychological and physiological changes in the tenth month of pregnancy. In the special "post-epidemic era", it is hard and unsafe for pregnant women to go to the hospital regularly for birth check-up. In order to make pregnant women have a better prenatal experience, our team wants to design a wearable device, which can monitor the fetal heart rate and the frequency of fetal movement, so that pregnant women can also realize routine detection of the fetal condition at home, and protect the growth health and safety of the fetus. In this design, questionnaire interview, literature search and collaborative story telling are used to deeply understand the pain points of pregnant women's antenatal examination, the development status of wearable devices for pregnant women at home and abroad, pregnant women's preferences and so on. Then, determine the product use process, product functional structure and product packaging. This design adopts cutting-edge technologies such as flexible sensors, and combines ergonomics and kansei engineering. The product obtains the data and information of pregnant women and fetuses, and then through sorting and analysis, the results are intuitively transmitted to pregnant women, pregnant women's relatives or doctors in the matching APP, so that users can clearly obtain the health data of pregnant women in real time. Realize early warning of physical abnormalities of infants and mothers, early warning and early treatment, so as to better protect the safety and health of pregnant women and fetuses during pregnancy. After the usability test, the interviewed pregnant women thought that the design had a certain effect.
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Namazy, Jennifer, Michael D. Cabana, Angela Scheuerle, John M. Thorp, Jr., Hubert Chen, Mary K. Miller, Gillis Carrigan, Yan Wang, and Elizabeth B. Andrews. "The Xolair Pregnancy Registry (EXPECT): An Observational Study Of The Safety Of Omalizumab During Pregnancy In Women With Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4221.

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Gershman, Ari, Jennifer A. Namazy, Mary K. Miller, Vivian Wang, and Elizabeth Andrews. "The Xolair Pregnancy Registry (Expect): Design Of An Observational Study Of Safety Of (Omalizumab) During Pregnancy In Women With Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4494.

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Acar, B. Serpil, Alix M. Weekes, and David van Lopik. "Anthropometric Modelling of the Pregnant Occupant." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58151.

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A parametric anthropometric model of a pregnant woman has been produced for use in crash protection research. The model is based on anthropometric measurements of pregnant women, with the initial model representing a 5th percentile woman in her 30th week of gestation. The model has been developed to be easily scaleable so women of different sizes can be modeled and adapted to simulate any stage of pregnancy. Previous research has simply added an enlarged abdomen to existing females models. However the model presented describes a comprehensive depiction of the altered pregnant form by incoporating the anthropometry of the entire body. This paper presents the pregnant occupant model for use in evaluation of safety systems and vehicle interiors. This work is the first step toward a computational pregnant occupant for crash protection research, capable of simulating dynamic impact response and predicting injury risk in automobile crashes.
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Resende, L., and M. Teixiera. "202 Safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for cervix adenocarcinoma during pregnancy: case report." In IGCS Annual 2019 Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-igcs.202.

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Meroni, M., E. Generali, G. M. Guidelli, M. Parodi, M. Cutolo, and C. Selmi. "THU0319 Overall safety of 7-week secukinumab exposure during pregnancy in women with psoriatic arthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.4760.

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Reports on the topic "Pregnancy and safety"

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Zhang, Aolin, Hongliang Xie, Xuan Mou, Ling Ying Tang, Wing Fong Lee, Lang Zhang, Caihong Wang, et al. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture as a treatment for low back and pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0104.

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Li, Yanhui, and Cuiju Hua. Comparison of the Efficacy and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound and Uterine Artery Embolization in the Chinese Population: Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0053.

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Review question / Objective: The combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and uterine artery embolization (UAE) with uterine curettage has been proposed as a therapy strategy for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), which can provide a high success rate while reducing blood loss, adverse events, hospital time and cost. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the effects of this combination therapy on the efficacy, safety, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with CSP. Eligibility criteria: (1) Study design: Cohort, case-control, or randomized controlled trials that compare the efficacy, safety, and recurrence of UAE combined with curettage and HIFU combined with uterine scraping in the treatment of cesarean section scar pregnancy. (2) Outcome: Success rate, blood loss, time of β-hCG normalization, adverse events, length of stay, hospital costs, menstrual recovery, re-pregnancy status, and pain score.
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Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.
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Xu, Lingxia, Donmei Yan, Bin Li, Liping Tang, Peng Sun, and Fei Wang. Efficacy and safety of Yunkang oral liquil combined with conventional therapy for threatened miscarriage of first-trimester pregnancy A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0105.

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RamaRao, Saumya, and Sarah Raifman. The pregnancy cycle approach to safe motherhood. Population Council, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1.1001.

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Sinha, Dipa. Empowering communities to make pregnancy safer: An intervention in rural Andhra Pradesh. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh5.1026.

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Santhya, K. G. Making pregnancy safe for women in Rajasthan: Targeting the most vulnerable. Population Council, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy15.1004.

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Cantor, Amy, Heidi D. Nelson, Miranda Pappas, Chandler Atchison, Brigit Hatch, Nathalie Huguet, Brittny Flynn, and Marian McDonagh. Effectiveness of Telehealth for Women’s Preventive Services. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer256.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness, use, and implementation of telehealth for women’s preventive services for reproductive healthcare and interpersonal violence (IPV), and to evaluate patient preferences and engagement for telehealth, particularly in the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Data sources. Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases (July 1, 2016, to March 4, 2022); manual review of reference lists; suggestions from stakeholders; and responses to a Federal Register Notice. Review methods. Eligible abstracts and full-text articles of telehealth interventions were independently dual reviewed for inclusion using predefined criteria. Dual review was used for data abstraction, study-level risk of bias assessment, and strength of evidence (SOE) rating using established methods. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity of studies and limited available data. Results. Searches identified 5,704 unique records. Eight randomized controlled trials, one nonrandomized trial, and seven observational studies, involving 10,731 participants, met inclusion criteria. Of these, nine evaluated IPV services and seven evaluated contraceptive care, the only reproductive health service studied. Risk of bias was low in one study, moderate in nine trials and five observational studies, and high in one study. Telehealth interventions were intended to replace usual care in 14 studies and supplement care in 2 studies. Delivery modes included telephone (5 studies), online modules (5 studies), and mobile applications (1 study), and was unclear or undefined in five studies. There were no differences between telehealth interventions to supplement contraceptive care and comparators for rates of contraceptive use, sexually transmitted infection, and pregnancy (low SOE); evidence was insufficient for abortion rates. There were no differences between telehealth IPV services versus comparators for outcomes measuring repeat IPV, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, fear of partner, coercive control, self-efficacy, and safety behaviors (low SOE). The COVID-19 pandemic increased telehealth utilization. Barriers to telehealth interventions included limited internet access and digital literacy among English-speaking IPV survivors, and technical challenges and confidentiality concerns for contraceptive care. Telehealth use was facilitated by strategies to ensure safety of individuals who receive IPV services. Evidence was insufficient to evaluate access, health equity, or harms outcomes. Conclusions. Limited evidence suggests that telehealth interventions for contraceptive care and IPV services result in equivalent clinical and patient-reported outcomes as in-person care. Uncertainty remains regarding the most effective approaches for delivering these services, and how to best mobilize telehealth, particularly for women facing barriers to healthcare.
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Meinhold, C. B. Radiation safety concerns for pregnant or breast feeding patients. The positions of the NCRP and the ICRP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/446331.

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Brännström, Mats, Ylva Carlsson, and Henrik Hagberg. Obstetric outcome after uterus transplantation. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0052.

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Review question / Objective: Is delivery by elective cesarean section as safe for the mother and the neonate after uterus transplantation as after delivery by elective cesarean section for reasons such as breech and psychological indication regarding stillbirth/neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, maternal mortality, and morbidity? Rationale: To compare pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal complications at delivery by cesarean section in patients that have undergone uterus transplantation and in a normal groups of women.
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