Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Préfixes et suffixes – Linguistique'
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Montermini, Fabio. "Le système préfixal en italien contemporain." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100002.
Full textThis thesis takes into account the mechanisms by which the prefixal system within derivational morphology of Italien works. Prefixation as always been a proceed which encountered difficulties to find a precise collocation within the morphological component, moreover, it has always been difficult to identify univocal criteria to establish which elements may be fully considered as being prefixes, and finally units globally defined as "prefixes" show very heterogeneous behaviours, that seem to evoke the need for a supplementary internal division of this class. .
Triquenot, Anne. "Incidence de la préfixation sur le comportement sémantique et syntaxique de verbes à potentiel spatial." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H027.
Full textThis work aims to analyse the incidence of prefixation on the meaning of complex verbs belonging to the semantic category of verbs of motion, constructed in synchrony and diachrony on a verbal or nominal base, and to observe its repercussions on the syntactical behaviour of these verbs. The first part presents the verbs to be analysed at a formal and semantic level and defines the concepts concerning the expression of spatial relations and prefixation. The second part sets out the methodology and the theoretical framework of the analysis. In the last part, after identifying the meaning features of simple and complex verbs, we examine the syntactical structures in which they may function and their compatibility with prepositions. The analysis brings out the influence of the structure on meaning and correlatively on syntactical behaviour, and reveals several types of prefixal operations
Amiot, Dany. "L'antériorité temporelle dans la préfixation en français." Lille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL30013.
Full textIn contemporary french, several prefixes can be used to construct words with a meaning of temporal anteriority : ante-, avant-, pre- and pro-. The present work centers on the most productive of them, the prefixe pre-, and other prefixes are studied by comparison with it. Within the framework of prof. D. Corbin's theory of derivational morphology, suggestions are made about what operations of a morphologic or semantic character should be postulated to construct a meaning of temporal anteriority; the operations concern type of bases, derivational constraints and paradigmatic integration on the one hand and semantic operations of localisation and the form of temporal axes on the other hand. The purpose of the these is to propose a micro-systematic analysis of this category of prefixes
Tse, Kwok Keung. "Problèmes d'aspect en Chinois cantonais : étude de trois suffixes verbaux : -dzo, -dzi et ma:i." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070038.
Full textThe study of aspect in cantonese is grounded essentially on the verbal suffixes, for they constitute the major supports of aspectual values. Within the framework of a classifying approach (this approach caracterizes the previous works dealing with problems of aspect in cantonese), a verbal suffixe is considered as an aspect marker indicating a certain aspectual value such as "completed action", "non-completed action", "progressive", "durative", etc. However, it turns out that this classifying approach is not adequate to account for the semantic complexity of the suffixes. As a matter of fact, a verbal suffixe can have different readings according to its contextual environments, and these readings are not all of aspectual nature. In the present work, we set out with a different approach in considering that a verbal suffixe is the trace of an operation which is related to other operations of determination in the formation of an utterance. .
Jeanmaire, Guillaume. "Les relateurs coréens -go et -eo(-eso) : fonctionnement et valeurs interpropositionnels." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070006.
Full textIn this study we have investigated the inter-clausal functions and values of -go and -eo(-seo). Using semantic and syntactic criteria we have identified their respective values : listing, chronological succession, maintenance of the resulting state and concomitance for -go, causal relation, logical consecution, maintenance of the resulting state and concomitance for -eo(-seo). At first sight, -go and -eo(-seo) share more or less the same values. Bur having completed this study it appears that -go links S1 and S2 in a contingent way whereas, with -eo(-seo) S1 is linked to S2 by a logical relation. After listing the values of -go and -eo(-eso) we have discerned and articulated the factors which contribute to their regular usage. It emerges that the values of -go and -eo(-eso) depend on the interaction of several factors such as, namely, the type of process of the core sentences, the co-referentiality of the subjects, the negative
Galli, Hugues. "Echappée en morphologie dérivationnelle : approche épistémologique de la discipline avec application au préfixe français "en-."." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/GALLI_Hugues_2006.pdf.
Full textThis study in derivational morphology contains two parts : the first one is devoted to an epistemological investigation that takes place within linguistic analyses about words formation in France and in other countries, specifically focused on the prefixation process ; the second part of this issue, more empirical than the first one, is supposed to be an illustration of the theoretical purpose based on both diachronic and synchronic analysis and scan results comparison. This kind of prefixation ensues from the « spatial » prefixation, because the prefix en- possess a semantic instruction shift towards the word’s inside. After a series of linguistic operations with complex word’s stems, the semantic shift can be real or abstract (change of state)
Moscovici, Vladimir. "-isc- / -esc- dans les langues romanes : évolution et diffusion d'un suffixe." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20022.
Full textVan, Laer Sophie. "La préverberation en latin : étude des préverbes ad, in, ob, et per dans la poésie républicaine et augustéenne." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040182.
Full textThe preverb can be defined as "the prefix of a verb". It is appropriate to apprehend it like an "element of relation" bringing into contact an "entity-located" and an "entity-landmark" within the framework of a process. A confrontative study of preverbs ad-, in-, ob and per- in the class of the verbs of agentive movement makes it possible to characterize the specific value of each one. We note in particular that ob- knows another value that the one of "face-to-face" : the "covering", which seems closer to original meaning of the preverb. In addition, the difference between "approach" and "entry" is not enough to return account of what opposes ad- and in- : the first one often underlines the initial distance between entity-located and entity-landmark, while the "double limit" can apply to an easy access or give a touch of hostility. Owing to the semantic study of the preverbs, we can establish some characteristics which concern more largely the preverb: constitution of paradigmatic series, semantic principle of affinity, continuum between "internal range" and "external range", importance of the geometrical representation lent to the referent of the landmark. A last questioning relates to the links between the preverb and the verbal base. It seems that it is necessary to give up lending to the preverb of an inchoative verb an aspectual value: it is rather the range of the assignment of the subject by the predicated transformation which is characterized by the preverb. In the parasynthesis, the prefixal element seems to be a functional preverb. Syntactically, duplication does not seem to be a free alternative, but always finds a justification, whether it concerns the expressivity whether the constraints related to the semantics of the roles. Not being neither a preposition nor a "co-verb", the preverb largely deserves a specific study. The preverbation, processus of lexical creation, fits then in the more general question of the modeling of reality through the language
Martzloff, Vincent. "Les Thèmes de présent en yod dans l'épigraphie italique et en latin archaïque." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/martzloff_v.
Full textThe present thesis aims to explore the reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European verbal suffix * ye/o in the Italic languages (among them Latin, Faliscan, Sabellic, Venetic) and to set up a relative chronology of sound laws and morphological processes involved, in order to track down the prehistory of the Italic verbal system. It is argued that the so-called “semithematic” type can be derived from PIE thematic * ye/o presents. The study examines the split into a capio type and an audio type, due to two main factors depending on the phonological shape of the root : Sievers’ law and the “Niedermann effect”, a development according to which roots ending with a sonant regularly yielded verbs belonging to the fourth conjugation. A new analysis of the circumstances surrounding Thurneysen’s law and the loss of intervocalic yod contributes to explaining some morphological oddities of Italic verbs (Latin fier?, Umbrian FUIEST, Venetic +HOREIONTE). The philological problems raised by several Sabellic inscriptions are treated, and the South Picene evidence is subjected to close scrutiny
Colombo, Omar. "L'apprentissage du lexique et des suffixes évaluatifs en italien LE : la production écrite et la compréhension orale à partir d'images chez des étudiants francophones." Grenoble 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39048.
Full textLignon, Stéphanie. "La suffixation en ̱ien : aspects sémantiques et phonologiques." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20089.
Full textAgabalian, Grigory. "Suffixation en -ISME et construction d'un sens valorisationnel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5167.
Full textThis dissertation is a study of the valorizational sense constructed by the suffixation in -ISME in French. That sense consists in a valorization of what the base represents (for instance POPULISME has the valorizational sense 'valorization of what PEUPLE represents') and is essentially that of the nouns of doctrines, theories, religions, movements and some nouns of attitudes formed by the suffixation in -ISME. The aim of the dissertation is to offer a model of description for that sense. After having established some necessary theoretical bases and reviewed former research, I develop different hypotheses about the valorizational sense. Thus, I champion the following ideas: 1) the valorizational sense is constructed in a context of rivalry opposing what the base represents to something else, 2) the suffixation in -ISME allows to turn discourses into nouns, 3) the nouns with the valorizational sense don't form a semantic class, 4) two types of valorizational sense exist (modal and attitudinal), 5) the base can represent either the object or the agent of valorization and 5) any noun ending with the segment -isme can formally be interpreted with a valorizational sense
Mizoe, Tatsuhide. "Verbal Prefixation in Slavic. A cognitive semantics analysis of s-prefixed Russian loan verbs from English and other languages." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28509/28509.pdf.
Full textCaidengduoerji, Saiyinjiya. "Caractéristiques phonologiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques d'un dialecte mongol du Nord-Est de la Chine : le khortchin." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0023.
Full textAny language in the world evolves according to internal and external mechanisms which are specific to each language. Our work focuses on these factors, and particularly on the effects of contact between different languages. Researchers have highlighted these linguistic interactions and showed that all kinds of linguistic elements can be transferred from one language to another. The Altaic language family in China includes languages of the three main branches (Tungus-Manchu, Mongolian, and Turk), which have been more or less in contact with Chinese. In this work, we study Khorchin (qorcin, ch. keerqin), an Eastern Mongolian dialect that has been in contact with Chinese significantly in time and space. Linguists from Inner Mongolia have noted the phenomena of " language mixing" in Khorchin, revealing a considerable amount of loan words from Chinese. This work attempts to show, through a phonological, morphological and syntactic description, some linguistic phenomena that are specific to this dialect. To understand the mechanisms involved and identify internal and / or external factors, this description relies on a comparison between the Khorchin and other Mongolian dialects, and in particular Oirat. This research is related to the NRA projects led by R. Djamouri "Language contact and language change: the case of Chinese and Altaic languages", and by Ms. Dan Xu, "Do languages and genes correlate? - A case study in Northwestern China "
Mertens, Bianca. "Le suffixe */-'ur-a/ : recherches sur la morphologie dérivationnelle du protoroman." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0090.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to studying the Protoromance suffix */-'ur-a/ and, hence, to studying derivational morphology of Protoromance. On the one hand, we provide an extensive and detailed exam of Protoromance lexical units presenting the suffix */-'ur-a/ and, on the other hand, we produce a thorough analysis of the phonological, morphological and semantic properties of the suffix */-'ur-a/.The first part of this work consists of a short introduction and of the presentation of the methodology that we used in our research : the methodology of compared reconstruction and of internal reconstruction. Then, we focus on the two fields that are particularly interesting in the context of studying a Protoromance suffix : reconstruction in Romance studies and morphological reconstruction. This first part closes up with an explanation of our nomenclature – including a short analysis of the rejected words –, a specification of our research process and a presentation of the microstructure used for our etymological articles.In the second part of our thesis appear the etymological articles of all 45 Protoromance etymons with the suffix */-'ur-a/ that we were able to reconstruct. Each etymological article comes with a linguistic map that provides a global view of the geographical distribution of the concerned etymon.Finally, the third part of our work is a thorough and detailed analysis of the phonological, morphological and semantic properties of the Protoromance suffix */-'ur-a/ and of the diasystemic variation of the Protoromance language
Li, Yan. "Autour des syntagmes nominaux sémantiquement pluriels en chinois mandarin et de leurs interprétations collective et distributive." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC260.
Full textThe thesis invested the research on the semantically plural nominal phrases in Mandarin Chinese and on their collectif and distributif interpretations. It offered an analysis of the following form of pluralities : the coordinated phrase with gen, the nominals modified by the suffix -men, and the subjects or the objects of the VP modified by quan (the floating quantifier). Concerning the coordinated phrase with gen, we will show that the conjunction gen of the phrase ‘A gen B’ lexicalize the constraint of the plurality via the restrictions on the conjoint elements. Our argument is mainly based on three points : 1) the category of the conjuncts is necessarily [+N] ; 2) coordinated phrases with gen introduce only the plural individuals in the discourse and 3) this nominal phrase characterizes the semantic plural value [+Pl]. We will also examine the different types of predicates in order to retrace thedistribution of collective and distributive interpretations of the coordinated phrases with gen. Then, we look into the suffix –men and the expressions formed by this suffix and a common noun or a proper noun. The investigation will mainly concern two questions : the question of the nature of –men and the question of the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by –men in Mandarin Chinese. We will argue that –men is not a collectif marker, but preferably a plural marker. However, different from plural markers in the western languages for exemple –s, the marker –men in Mandarin Chinese which is typically a classifer language, is not obligatory. Regarding the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by -men, we will admit that they are definite plurals, because of the fact that –men attaches only to only to personal pronouns and humain nouns, the nouns which occupy a high hierarchy of animacity. In consequence, the expressions suffixed by –men partly inherit the definitude of the nature of its considerably individuated domain. Finally, we are interested in the distributive interpretation of the nominal phrases in the sentences wherethe adverbial quan (the floating quantifier) appeares. We will claim that quan imposes the distributive reading in an autonomous manner and we will put forward an analysis of adverbial quan as a modifier of event predicate. Quan targets nominals linked by θ-roles and encapsulate in this role the instruction of distribution. The distributivity reinforced by quan involves a distributive relation between two entities : the nominal which is semantically plural and the plural event
Mascherin, Laurent. "ANALYSE MORPHOSÉMANTIQUE DE L'ASPECTUO-TEMPORALITÉ EN FRANÇAIS. Le cas du préfixe RE-." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00280660.
Full textBeliakov, Vladimir. "Double préverbation en russe moderne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10119.
Full textThere has as yet been no thorough study of russian double verbal prefixes. The present study examines russian double verbal prefixes, their semantics, combined formations, limitations that can governe their use
Coret, Muriel. "Problèmes de suffixation et structuration du lexique : étude des mots en -eur, -age, -ment, -ion." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070026.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the segmentation of suffixed words in french, from the point of view of a morphological word segmentation theory and its application to the elaboration of electronic dictionaries. A morphologically-justified analysis of the lexical units has to answer the following problems : how to segment derived words such as programmation ? is the suffix -ion or -ation ? what is the statute of the element -at- ? does the formal segmentation coincide with a semantic breakdown ? how to describe not only the meaning of suffixes, but also those of the <> a,d the lengthening segment ? we work with a corpus of 9975 words with -age, -ion, -ment, -aison and -eur. It collects words usually described as expressing clearly linked <> and <> values and includes the suffixes -eur and -ion, for which the segmentation question is far from solved. By confronting words such as programmeur, programmation, two types of <> are identified : one <> (programm-) and a <> one (programmat-), the suffix being analyzed as the fixed part of the words. The morphological accounting of the corpus reveals some regularities in the selection process between <> and suffixes the distribution of the different realizations of the <> lengthening segment (-at, sometimes -it- or -t-) is not random. It is possible to account for most of cases where this segment does not appear on the surface (decision, fusion. By some phonological or morpholexical rules. The analysis in terms of <> basis is efficient and shows some regularities. But it isolates a lengthenin segment (-at-) whose statute is problematic, in particular on the semantic level. This question is treated by examining two subsets extracted from the corpus : the polyvalence of -eur and the statute of the <> (-at-) in pai
Aliquot-Suengas, Sophie. "Référence collective/sens collectif." Lille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL30017.
Full textLosada, Badia Eulogio. "Étude sur la formation des suffixes dans les langues indo-européennes." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040320.
Full textGirard, Isabelle. "Isomorphisme en anglais contemporain : étude de quelques suffixes." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2024.
Full textThe purpose of our study is to continue developing Guierre's conclusions on the roles of derivational isomorphism and analogy within the overall stress-pattern system of contemporary English. This study consists in a set of morpho-phonological analyses based on a selection of adjectival (-al, -(at)ory, -(at)ive) and nominal (-age, -al, -ist) suffixes which are phonologically complex. It aims at exploring and explaining the conflicting relationships between derivational isomorphism and two main types of analogy ("isomorphisme intra-paradigmatique" and "isomorphisme inter-paradigmatique"), paying particular attention to the productivity of the suffixes studied and to the divergent treatment of the irregularity of some isomorphic stress-patterns. Our analysis reveals the existence of a complex network of inter-paradigmatic relationships between transparent and non transparent suffixed words which seems to be ruled by the supremacy of micro-systemic analogy over macro-systemic analogy
Dolbec, Jean. "La préfixation en français : essai de théorie psychosystématique et application au préfixe re-." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040070.
Full textThis study, which takes its inspiration from G. Guillaume's Psychosystematics of language, proposes an explanation of prefixation based on the hypothesis an actual construction of the word by the speaker in the context of the act of language; this creation implies various structuring operations, some paradigmatic, others syntagmatic. The model proposed is used to explain the functioning of the prefix re- in French, which has the value of an index of "position two", in a relation to another term which it presupposes. Different cases are considered depending of whether the prefix appears as a simple semiological trace of a semic content integrated into the lexeme, or whether, functions as a distinct formative element referring either to the general "significate" of event (compounds with extended regularities as "rechanter", "reconstruire", "revenir") or to the specific lexical content (compounds with restricted regularities as "retrancher qqch. De qqch. "). The study of the conditions in which the prefix can be use emphasizes major differences having to do with the scope of identity conditions implied in the relationship and the type of "significate" of events (states, non resultative processes, resultative processes) which determine both the possible meanings and the conditions in which re- can alternate with "de nouveau", "à nouveau" and "encore"
Khchoum, Salem. "Les affixes/créments dans le lexique de l'arabe : exploration du niveau submorphémique de l'arabe." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0963.
Full textThis thesis is part of the revisionist work on the structure of the Semitic root in general, and the Arabic root in particular. In the introduction, we present a critical review of the efforts of Arab grammarians in their quest of a minimum linguistic threshold associated with meaning, a quest that resulted in establishing the triliteral root as the ultimate unanalysable unit. This choice was made despite the many obvious shortcomings of this theoretical framework, such as its inability to explain the reversal of the order of consonants, or their phonetic variation (regardless of its meaning). It is an anhistorical, synchronic choice that excludes the notion of time, and finds its roots in a revelationnist (tawqîf) linguistic framework. In the end of the nineteenth century, the extended Darwinist theory has undermined this static conception of the root. By integrating the notion of time, a number of Orientalists - followed by some Arab philologists of that period - showed, through a comparative methodology, that the triliteral root has evolved from a primitive monosyllabic (or biconsonantal) root. Since then, several explanations have been proposed for the formation of the triliteral root from a biliteral base (crossed bilateral roots, affixation of formative increments or determinatives).Some linguists, such as Hurwitz, tried to identify and to systematize by deduction the ternary elements and their semantic values. In this work, which is carried within the framework of the Matrix and Etymons Theory , we demonstrate through the synchronic analysis of nearly 1,000 trilateral items that the triliteral root is analyzable in terms of biliteral etymons and of separable increments or affixes added at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixation) of bilateral bases.The characteristic elements that can be affixed or incremented on the base are phonetically similar (gutturals, sonorants, labial, and some dentals) and correlated often with the same grammatical (factitive, stative, reflexive or middle voice) or semantic (intensive) values. The third position of the root is the position favored in this process of affixation / incrementation. Thus, the triliteral root is not the minimal threshold of meaning, and can be broken down to a biconsonantal base, which became triliteral thanks to an incremental or affixal segment. These findings may affect our perception of the Arabic lexicon, which can now be rearranged around biliterals bases, either abstract ( i.e. phonetic features), or concrete (i.e. historical primitive etymons) that are in turn convertible into triliteral radicals through a preliminary list increments and affixes that specify the primary meaning conveyed by the bilateral base
Gaide, Françoise. "Les substantifs masculins latins en. . . (i)o,. . . (i)onis." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040211.
Full textWe have inventoried 370 latin masculine substantives with the ending. . . O (. . . Onis) or. . . Io (. . . Ionis). They are often typical of vulgar latin. Among those terms 56% are motivated, that is to say can be clearly analysed into a base and a suffix (in respect of significans and significatum). According to the semantic value and the syntactic function of the suffix, they divide into 10 formations. There is sometimes a relation between one formation and one popular literary genre. In the largest formations the semantic qualities of the derivatives are an important element for the description. Some semantic groups, such as occupational terms or terms denoting a bodily or mental characteristic, occur in several formations. Unmotivated terms (35%) also divide into semantic groups. The other terms (9%) are derivatives synonymous with their bases, or at least terms we may believe so. We have studied the question of the origins. Nine formations offer a suffix -on- (with sometimes a variant -ion-) which is direct- ly or indirectly inherited from an indo-european possessive nasal suffix; but in the diminutive formation (where the suffixal form is always -ion-) we have suggested another origin of the suffix; at last unmotivated terms are often greek loan-words. As for the romance continuation, we have rejected romanists' theory, according to which the latin type capit-o ("a person with a large head") has generated both the augmentatives of south romania and gallo-romance diminutives; indeed latin had also a diminutive formation
Ahn, Geun-Jong. "Dérivation des adjectifs suffixes par – eux : sens et rôles thématiques." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100200.
Full textThis thesis is about the derivation of French adjectives that involve the suffix - eux. Inside the theoretical frame of the derivational morphology, it proposes a thematic approach based on the localistic point of view to analyze the general sense of the - eux suffixed adjectives. The semantic analysis of these adjectives is supported by the results of studies coming from the lexique-grammar
Scheer, Tobias. "Une théorie de l'interaction directe entre consonnes : contribution au modèle syllabique CVCV : alternances e-ø dans les préfixes tchèques, structure interne des consonnes et la théorie X-barre en phonologie." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070002.
Full textThis thesis provides a contribution to the syllabic theory "cvcv" which restricts the syllabic inventory to a strict consecution of non-branching onsets and nuclei. Such a model lacking branching constituents, the number of empty nuclei is considerably increased. The theory put forth proposes to view the inaudibility of empty nuclei enclosed within "branching onsets" as a consequence of the interactiion of the neighbouring consonants. Couched in the framework of government phonology (kaye lowenstamm vergnaud 1985-1990), the theory of direct consonantal interaction is based on the concept of government licensing (charette 1990) on the one hand, and on the individual internal structure of every consonant on the other. Chapter iii contains a detailed discussion of the internal structure of consonants. It also explores the possibilities of expressing infra-segmental relationships in terms of x-bar structure. It is shown that cvcv-theory along with the theory of direct consonantal interaction offers explanatory advantages for the analysis of vowel-zero alternations. The device controlling such alternations. Proper government (pg), is redefined accordingly. The detailed examination of e-zero alternations in czech prefixes shows the inadequation of the previous non-cvcv functioning of pg. Finally, the new version of pg is confronted to the schwa-zero alternation found in french
Etoré, Murielle. "Étude comparative des préverbes allemands et des postverbes anglais dans le langage contemporain." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040122.
Full textDal, Georgette. "Un exemple de traitement associatif du lexique construit : analyse unificatrice des mots suffixes par -et(te)." Lille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL30026.
Full textThe suffix -et(te) has been the subject of so many studies that it may seem superfluous to add yet another to the record. However, though some linguists consider it to be central "diminutive" suffix, others consider that it can also construct other semantic relations, such as, among others, agentive relations (coudre cousette), process relations (grimp(er) grimpette), various metonymical relations (epaule "body part " epaulette; bayonne baionnette; mesange mesange tte "trap", etc. ) relations from a property to entities which possess that property (long longuet "hammer"), and so on. This study questions the ability of -et(te) to establish such a variety of distinct semantic relations. Applying the theoretical principles defined within the model of associative derivational morphology elaborated by D. Corbin, it attem pts to distinguish, within the lexicalised sense of word suffixed by -et(te), those aspects which result from linguistic operations other than suffixation by -et(te), and those aspects in which the latter intervenes, in a role, which we claim is no more than marking appropriation
Ruttik, Ada. "Les fonctions sémantiques des suffixes diminutifs : cas du français et de l'estonien." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20110.
Full textThis thesis is a comparative analysis of certain fundamental semantic functions of the diminutive suffixes in French and Estonian. We argue that there are two distinct types of substantive-forming diminutive suffixes in both French and Estonian : modifying and distinctive suffixes. The first type create diminutives which may take on a wide range of values according to the context, from the hypocoristic to the pejorative, including, for exemple the euphemistic, the ironic, or the plain modest. Thus in Estonian, jõeke 'small river' may express either an affectionate attitude (a pretty little river) or contempt (a little river that compares unfavorably with other, bigger and more powerful rivers). The second group have a single value, denoting either small size (e. G. Aiglet , aiglon 'eaglet, young eagle' ; carafon 'small jug') or qualitative inferiority (e. G. Certain diminutives in French which are not used hypocoristically : avocaillon 'counsel-DIM, bad counsel', écrivaillon 'writer-DIM, scribbler', ministricule 'minister-DIM'). These are best seen as hyponymic diminutives, designating "a particular kind of X"
Dahmani, Bachir. "Les procédés de formation des mots en arabe commun : étude sur des procédés de suffixation en arabe classique moderne." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30011.
Full textWinokur, Elizabeth. "Changement et divergence par rapport à l'usage standard : le cas de la chute du suffixe adverbial en anglais et en français." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28182.
Full textDo we walk quick or quickly? Do we answer rightly or right? And how, in French, do we choose to speak correct or correctement, or to run vitement or vite? This French-language-composed Master’s thesis analyzes the variation between -ly and -ø in the current usage of English adverbs (such as rightly/right) and the variation between -ment and -ø in the current usage of French adverbs (such as correctement/correct) by examining spoken data from personal conversations and reality TV shows, and written data from informal Internet forum discussion threads and from formally written government texts (also found on the Internet), in both languages. The present study (translated title: "Change and Divergence from Standard Language Use: The Case of Suffix Omission in French and English Adverbs") examines corpora composed of more than 2,489,000 words, in addition to personal conversations, TV shows, and hundreds of advanced searches through the Google search engine. Our study focuses on three sociolinguistic variables: age, sex and formality. We also examine semantic aspects of this alternation such as its relation to the semantic fields of perceivable results (movements, spatial positions, sounds, odors) and abstract results or processes (concerning the intellectual, moral or affective realms), among others. We have found that while the adverb without suffix often does relate to perceivable results, there are many examples when both forms – with and without suffix – appear in the same semantic fields. Our results tend to show that the adverb without suffix, which encodes concrete, objective meaning and dates back 650 years or more in English (Tagliamonte and Ito 2002), is more often used in the informal register, in spoken language, among the youth, and when the speaker wishes to appear "cool, " "supportive" or "fun." Finally, we hope to evaluate the implications of our results concerning the current state of the French and English languages (although our results may indicate a change in progress), and in the fields of language teaching, grammar, lexicography, communication, advertising and/or translation.
Vachey, Françoise. "Les suffixes toponymiques français : atlas et base de données." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21036.
Full textAbasq, Véronique. "Préfixation et particules adverbiales en anglais contemporain : étude du comportement accentuel." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2050.
Full textEfthymiou, Angeliki. "Le suffixe -iá en grec moderne : la manifestation d'un degré maximal d'anthropocentricité." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL30029.
Full textJalenques, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du préfixe re en français contemporaine : pour une analyse compositionnelle du verbe "regarder"." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070009.
Full textPagliano, Claudine. "L'épenthèse consonantique en français : ce que la syntaxe, la sémantique et la morphologie peuvent faire à la phonologie : parles-en de ta numérotation ?impossible : thèse." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2020.
Full textThis study inquires on consonantal epenthesis in French. It shows that semantics, syntax and morphology play a direct role in the creation of a strong position in that they send a [CV] unit to the phonological module. Emphasis witnesses the intervention of semantics: the insertion of a [CV] causes the epenthesis of a [?] in a strong position that is lexically empty (c'est ?impossible), the gemination of the consonant occupying the strong position (c'est imppossible), or the linking of the floating [?] in h aspiré words (grosse ?housse). Syntax provides a [CV] when post-clitics are produced (parle-t-il; parle-z-en); the consonant that appears before the post-clitic is an agreement marker: post-verbal liaison in French is a pure "orthographic fiction". The elaboration of a corpus of derived terms with an epenthetic consonant between stem and suffix (numéroter) evidences the intervention of morphology for some suffixes. No consonantal epenthesis in French is caused by a hiatus
Baudoin, Jean. "Recherches sur le traitement informatique d’une langue turcique agglutinante : l’ouïghour." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/156525771#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis study presents the characteristics, writing systems and structure of Uyghur language by doing a linguistic study. Our approach will consist of new trial models that facilitate the development and realization of Uyghur software tools, and contribute to the Uyghur information technology. More precisely, our study consists of four phases: Firstly, we are going to present the main issues of the study, characteristics of the language and its writing systems, especially the unification procedure of the Latin-Script Uyghur. Secondly, we briefly introduce some basic notions for the retrieval of information, and we will do a demonstration of named entities retrieval, using an extraction tool, in order to test concepts and theories that we are proposing. Then, we will discuss linguistic issues – mainly on the agglutinative aspect and morphological suffixation rules – which are applied during the implementation of prototype tools proposed in this study. Finally, we underline problems in natural language processing (NLP) created by Uyghur language and non-Uyghur supporting environments. We will discuss the existing difficulties and we will suggest innovative solutions to resolve such problems with the following fields: Standardization of Uyghur fonts and creation of a Unicode based Uyghur font, Implementation of system-level and browser-level input methods and - reation of multi-script converting tools, Realization of an online Uyghur – English dictionary, Implementation of a lexical generator based on the morphological suffixation rules of Uyghur, Design and creation of an suffix analyzer and explorer, Demonstration of Uyghur information retrieval, Implementation of a parser and spell checker
Antonov, Anton. "Le rôle des suffixes en /+rV/ dans l'expression du lieu et de la direction en japonais et l'hypothèse de leur origine altaïque." Phd thesis, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O', 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565303.
Full textUrvoy, Tanguy. "Familles abstraites de graphes." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10028.
Full textDuran, Maximiliano. "Dictionnaire électronique français-quechua des verbes pour le TAL." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC006/document.
Full textThe automatic processing of the Quechua language (APQL) lacks an electronic dictionary of French Quechua verbs. However, any NLP project requires this important linguistic resource.The present thesis proposes such a dictionary. The realization of such a resource couId also open new perspectives on different domains such as multilingual access to information, distance learning,inthe areas of annotation /indexing of documents, spelling correction and eventually in machine translation.The first challenge was the choice of the French dictionary which would be used as our basic reference. Among the numerous French dictionaries, there are very few which are presented in an electronic format, and even less that may be used as an open source. Among the latter, we found the dictionary Les verbes français (LVF}, of Jean Dubois and Françoise Dubois-Charlier, edited by Larousse en 1997. lt is a remarkably complete dictionary. lt contains 25 610 verbal senses and with open source license. lt is entirely compatible with the Nooj platform. That's why we have chosen this dictionary to be the one to translate into Quechua.However, this task faces a considerable obstacle: the Quechua lexicon of simple verbs contains around 1,500 entries. How to match 25,610 French verbal senses with only 1,500 Quechua verbs?Are we condemned to produce many polysemies? For example, in LVF, we have 27 verbal senses of the verb "tourner" to turn; should we translate them all by the Quechua verb muyuy to turn? Or, can we make use of a particular and remarkable Quechua strategy that may allow us to face thischallenge: the generation of new verbs by suffix derivation?As a first step, we have inventoried ail the Quechua suffixes that make possible to obtain a derived verbal form which behaves as if it was a simple verb. This set of suffixes, which we call IPS_DRV, contains 27 elements. Thus each Quechua verb, transitive or intransitive, gives rise to at least 27 derived verbs. Next, we need to formalize the paradigms and grammars that will allow us to obtain derivations compatible with the morphology of the language. This was done with the help of the NooJ platform.The application of these grammars allowed us to obtain 40,500 conjugable atomic linguistic units (CALU) out of 1,500 simple Quechua verbs. This encouraging first result allows us to hope to get a favorable solution to our project of translation of the 25,000 verbal senses of French into Quechua.At this point, a new difficulty appears: the translation into French of this enormous quantity of generated conjugable verbal forms. This work is essential if we want to obtain the translation of a large part of the twenty-five thousand French verbs into Quechua. ln order to obtain the translation of these CALUs, we first needed to know the modalities of enunciation that each IPS have and transmits to the verbal radical when it is agglutinated to it. Each suffix can have several modalities of enunciation. We have obtained an inventory of them from the corpus, our own experience and some recordings obtained in fieldwork. We constructed an indexed table containing all of these modalities.Next, we used NooJ operators to program grammars that present automatic translation into a glossed form of enunciation modalities.Finally, we developed an algorithm that allowed us to obtain the reciprocal translation from French to Quechua of more than 8,500 Verbal senses of Level 3 and a number of verbal senses of Levels 4 and 5
Fournier, Pierre. "Accentuation et prononciation des suffixés en -ous en anglais contemporain." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2013/document.
Full textThe influence of the suffix -ous on the English phonological system is considerable. Its impact is materialized on word-stress assignment, as well as on the phonetic realisation of stressed vowels. The study of this particular suffix generates a global perspective on the functioning of the English system since -ous is a blend of the fundamental principles which rule the English stress system. This analysis falls within the framework of the morphophonological theory, which favours an interaction between the morphological and phonological levels. The concept of morphological boundary is essential to the operation of word-stress assignment and represents a key-notion inside this theoretical framework. However, the impact of the suffix -ous on word-stress assignment and on the pronunciation of stressed vowels has already been investigated through several theoretical approaches. The most significant results of these previous studies are expounded in the theoretical part. The phonological frameworks are then compared in order to determine their assets and their drawbacks. Word-stress assignment only represents the first side of this work. Indeed, the assignment of primary stress on the syllabic structure of a word has a consequence on the phonetic realisation of stressed vowels. They are "fully" realised, and the succession of stressed and unstressed syllabes creates the notion of rythm in English. Resorting to spelling enables to predict the pronunciation of stressed vowels through the application of a hierarchical system of rules. These rules, elaborated on the particularities of English spelling, operate a transfer from spelling to sounds
Redoutey-Grosjean, Nicolas. "Le matériel prépositionnel, préverbal et préfixal en latin littéraire et non littéraire : étude de la documentation autographe." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2017.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with the question of prepositional systems in Vulgar Latin, and the linguistic material wih which it is usually associated, in indo-european languages, i.e. preverbs and prefixes. Our work aims to evaluate how specific usages of prepositions (and related material) in colloquial speech may have been, in both semasiological and onomasiological ways. For this purpose, we draw on the largest corpus of « Autographical » documents, i.e. directly inscribed artifacts, such as graffiti, ostraca, wax tablets, defixiones, documentary papyri, etc., from 1 to 395 a.D. Moreover, as a second objective ot the dissertation, we set up a fully-ordered and well-referenced corpus of our archaeological material.The first part of the thesis tries to lay the methodological tools of such the said design. Theories of prepositions and prepositional meanings from Antiquity to present reviewed are reviewed, in order to understand the lack and fuziness of inherited terminological displays. We then consider the customary problem of utilising and defining the terme « Vulgar latin » (which we tolerate, as embarrassing and unsatisfying as it is) and most specifically the peculiarity of our corpus, in a theorical and practical ways : « autography » is indeed a messy concept, due to the involvement of human go-betweens (like professional or casual scribes), the question of formularity and « text types », and the complex pattern of literacy, throughout the Roman provinces. This chapter ends with terminological and methodological choices, referring to the undergoing process of the data report.In second part of the thesis we lay out the data itself. We first deal with this data quantitativly by cautiously using statistical approaches, we try to establish which morphemes were still in use, recessing, or had already disappeared. Furthermore, we examine what kind of discrepancies could arrise between our expectation and the data. We stress, by doing so, the synchonical and diachronical expansions of certain morphemes or usages, and more specifically the question of « Pre-nominal prefixation », on which little has yet been written in classical tradition. The second part of this chapter studies the dynamics of our material phonetically, morphosyntaxically and lexically. Not only do we try to catch sight of linguistic renewals in some areas of language (dealing with the concept of sermo castrensis, or the yet unexplored sermo mercatorius), but also the evidence of a structural dragging into vulgarisms and linguistical changes in our corpus, questioning the lack of an expected « gap » between litterary standards and the language that our documents are using.The third part of our thesis deals with the very well known but very intricate problem of falling /-m/ (and, casually, falling /-s/) in Vulgar Latin, and their consequences in the prepositionnal phrases. The problem’s history (from Diehl’s work) shows up, explaining the entanglement of graphical, phonological and grammatical levels in such an inquiry. We then try to establish which part of the disappearing <-m>, in prepositional phrases, could be assigned to graphical convention, which part goes to real illiteracy (or « low-level literacy ») and which part shows the evidence for a real (but limited) starting point toward a future collapse of nominal flection, from a romance perspective. We conclude this chapter by questioning the ability of semi-literate latin-speakers, at some point of the diachronic evolution of latin language, to deal with « polymorphic » systems (as proposed by Banniard), who ware quite aware of morphological rules but choosing to mark or not mark or to omit the accusative case