Dissertations / Theses: 'Preferential treatment in the United States'

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Bamfo, Joshua. "Assessing the impact of the United States unilateral Preferential Trade Agreement with sub-Saharan Africa." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 135 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1257806191&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Brent, Suzanne S. (Suzanne Stokes). "The History of Alcoholism Treatment in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277997/.

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The treatment of alcoholism has had a unique historical development in the United States. This study provides a chronology of how the problem of alcoholism was defined and handled during various time periods in United States history. The process that evolved resulted in an abstinence based, comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of alcoholism as a primary disease based on the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous. This treatment modality, that developed outside of established medicine, is currently used by the majority of treatment providers. Seven individuals who have been actively involved in alcoholism treatment were interviewed. In addition to archival research, biographies and autobiographies were examined to gain a broad perspective. Because alcoholism is both a collective and an individual problem an effort was made to include a microsociological frame of reference within a broad sociological view. Alcoholism, or inebriety, was first perceived as a legal and moral problem. By the end of the 19th century, inebriety was recognized as an illness differing from mental illness, and separate asylums were established for its treatment. Alcoholism is currently accepted and treated as a primary disease by the majority of social institutions, but the legal and moral implications remain. National Prohibition in the early part of the 20th century targeted alcohol instead of the alcoholic delaying any progress toward treatment which was made in the 19th century. The advent of Alcoholics Anonymous brought the first widely accepted hope for alcoholics. The treatment process that developed utilized the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous in a setting of shared recovery which has been difficult to quantify. In 1970 the allocation of federal funds for treatment and research brought the involvement of new disciplines creating both conflicts and possibilities. Alcoholism recovery has elucidated the connection of mind, body, and spirit.

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Covvey, Jordan R. "Analysis of treatment of respiratory disease in the United Kingdom and United States." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24276.

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Introduction: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect 8% and 5% of the population, respectively, in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA). A variety of medicines are available but how they are utilised in real practice is not fully understood. The aim of this work was to describe and compare the treatment of asthma and COPD in the UK and USA. Methods: Three retrospective databases (two administrative and one electronic health record datasets) were formed from sources in National Health Service (NHS) Scotland, NHS Forth Valley, Scotland, and Kentucky, USA. Several analyses were conducted, including mapping and evaluation of national medicine utilisation, evaluation of adherence/persistence with chronic therapy, classification of therapy against guideline recommendations, and appraisal of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) prescribing. Results: National medicine utilisation figures indicated an increasing preference over time for combination therapy wit h ICS and long-acting beta agonist (LABA) inhalers. Therapy for asthma demonstrated some unanticipated trends, with widespread use of high-dose combination therapy in up to one-third of patients and a lack of standardised therapy approach by clinicians at step 2/3. For COPD, spirometry data was unable to verify diagnosis in up to a quarter of patients, and approximately one-third of patients received unlicensed doses of combination therapy. Adherence and persistence with chronic medicine in both databases was better amongst women, with advancing age and with oral therapy. Direct comparisons between the UK and USA were difficult due to the different healthcare structures and methods for data collection, but doses of ICS in children appeared more aggressive in the USA. Conclusion: The treatment of respiratory disease can be optimised in several clinical areas, most notably with ICS prescribing. Further research and quality improvement measures are needed to improve the care of respiratory disease.

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Valencia, Celina I., Kacey Ernst, and Cecilia Ballesteros Rosales. "Tuberculosis Treatment Completion in a United States/Mexico Binational Context." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625712.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a salient public health issue along the U.S./Mexico border. This study seeks to identify the social and structural factors, which are associated with TB disease burden in the binational geographic region. Identification of barriers of treatment completion provides the necessary framework for developing evidence-based interventions that are culturally relevant and context specific for the U.S./Mexico border region. Methods: Retrospective study of data extracted from medical charts (n = 439) from Yuma County Health Department (YCHD) (n = 160) and Centro de Salud San Luis Rio Colorado (n = 279). Patients currently accessing TB treatment at either facility were excluded from the study. Chi-square, unadjusted odds ratios, and logistic regression were utilized to identify characteristics associated with successful TB treatment in this population. Findings: The study population was predominantly male (n = 327). Females were more likely to complete TB treatment (OR = 3.71). The absence of drug use and/or the absence of an HIV positive diagnosis were found to be predictors of TB treatment completion across both clinical sites. Forty-four percent (43.59%) (n = 85) TB patients treated at CDS San Luis did not complete treatment versus 40.35% (n = 49) of TB patients who did not complete treatment at YCHD. Moving from the area or being deported was the highest category (20.78%) for incomplete TB treatment in the population (n = 64) across both clinical sites.

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Huntington, Brian Thomas. "Pathogenesis, presentation, and treatment of keratoconus within the United States." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12123.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory thinning of the cornea that can lead to an irregular conical shaped protrusion generally of the lower mid-peripheral nasal or temporal hemisphere of the cornea. This degenerative disorder has no known individual cause, nor does it have a known cure. Causes have been theorized to be multifactorial ranging from genetic disorders to environmental stimuli. Overall roughly 1 in 2,000 people suffer from the disorder. The treatment for keratoconus has generally focused on a broad range of different types of contact lenses, with the patients whose corneas degrade to dangerously thin limits or where visual acuity can no longer be corrected, become candidates for corneal transplant surgery. It is today the third most common cause for corneal transplant. This study focused on detailing the various treatment options keratoconus patients have, as well as what advances these treatments have each made in recent years. These treatments generally focus on maximizing visual acuity while attempting to retain the corneal protrusion. The other goal of these treatments is to push off the necessity for corneal transplant due to the risks of graft rejection, the risks of surgery, and the overall decrease in quality of life an implant can have on a patient’s life. The studies showed that treatment has come a long way, though there still remains to be a treatment that can appropriately halt the progression of keratoconus. This brings the paper to examine the role and potential impact corneal collage cross linking could have on keratoconus patients in the U.S. Corneal Collagen Cross Linking is a procedure where through riboflavin (vitamin B2) and UV-A light, collagen cross links can be induced within the corneal stroma. By linking the collagen polymers, it is theorized that this could permanently halt the progression of keratoconus. This treatment has been approved in Europe since 2006 and in Canada since 2008, but only entered into clinical trials within the U.S. in 2008. By performing an extensive literature review, it was concluded that corneal cross linking is a safe and effective method of treatment for keratoconus. Enough literature has been published by the international community over the past 15 years that the U.S. could have begun and concluded FDA clinical trials sooner. The treatment has the potential to halt the progression of keratoconus before it has any debilitating effects, though as of now is not available to most Americans. With the FDA likely to approve the procedure within the next year, keratoconus patients will have a new treatment option that will very likely substantially improve their quality of life.

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Fuentes, Sosa Ninfa. "Deep integration in the preferential trade agreements of Latin American countries and their global and regional partners (1982-2010)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1006/.

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Even though for more than 15 years, deep integration in trade agreements has been a recurring topic for politicians, scholars, international institutions, non-governmental organizations, industry leaders and journalists; there is no consensus yet on what deep integration is, and how it can be assessed. There are continuous news reports about the efforts of political leaders to pursue deep integration, and constant mentions about the design of new treaties and mechanisms to achieve deep integration between countries. In general, the proliferation of trade agreements after the Second World War is widely acknowledged in international trade literature and is a trend that will continue in the near future. Along this trend, Latin American governments have established numerous trade agreements with developing and developed partners in all regions of the world. In addition, since the 1950s and 1960s, these governments have acknowledged trade integration as a mean to promote economic development, which makes it increasingly important to understand the wide differences in the nature and levels of deep integration in their trade agreements. Nevertheless, as in other regions, little attention has been paid to explain differences in the content of trade agreements. This research extends an endogenous trade theory framework, first to analyse limited liberalization; and second, to study a group of countries with particular characteristics of opacity and discretional decision-making. The framework adapts a categorization of deep integration, derives preferences of economic actors from economic trade theories, and extends aspects of veto player theory and access point theory to exploit further their potential as an integrated structure of analysis. Then, these three aspects are studied through a collective action framework. Finally, the insight of previous studies that have highlighted the importance of systemic and international variables in the formation and design of trade agreements is considered. The importance of systemic and international theories and variables is not contested; the domestic-level explanations are developed as a complement to the insight that theories of international relations have provided. Two main arguments are put forward The first one is that the underlying depth structure of the trade agreements studied fits a categorization of vertical and horizontal margins, which are qualitatively different: vertical policy benefits are broader and more excludable than horizontal ones. To test this argument, first, the complete texts of all dyadic trade agreements signed by Latin American countries from 1982 to 2010 (256 dyadic agreements) were manually coded to form a database of depth of provisions (a total of 28, 160 data points). To minimize error measurement, entries were compared with those of partially overlapping databases (publicly available or accessed by request). In the following areas, a total of 110 provisions per agreement were coded and measured: antidumping measures and countervailing duties, bargaining position, competition, decision power, dispute settlement mechanisms, environment, global and bilateral safeguards, government procurement, institutional capacities, investment, labour, legitimacy, permanency, number of members, rules of origin, services, technical barriers to trade, type of agreement, and support bodies and mechanisms. To the best of my knowledge, this is the most comprehensive and detailed database of the depth of provisions of trade agreements established by Latin American countries. Next, provisions were analytically assigned to each margin. At the horizontal margin, agreements vary in the extent of the areas covered, the barriers removed in each area, the limits placed to governments when domestic industries face injury, and the coverage and strength of the support and enforcement mechanisms in each area. At the vertical margin, agreements vary in type, legitimacy required for entry into force and for amendments, permanency, and scope of institutional capabilities. Finally, principal components analysis confirmed that each variable aligns in the component to which was analytically assigned. As expected, the analysis highlighted the existence of two main components, which corresponded to the vertical and horizontal margins. The second main argument in this research is that two main domestic aspects contribute to explain the wide variations in nature and levels of depth of the trade agreements established by Latin American countries after 1982. First, changes in the structure of concentration of the export sectors of Latin American countries. Second, the degree of political decisiveness and level of access of societal demands determined by the institutional settings of these countries. After most of the countries abandoned the economic model based in the substitution of imports, in the 1980s, the structure of the export sectors of the countries changed. Two forces pulled in different directions: unilateral liberalization towards concentration and diversification towards deconcentration. On the one hand, agreements vary in the extent of barriers removed in diverse trade related regulatory activities, and in the inclusion of support and enforcement institutions and mechanisms. This research argues that these aspects have implications over the economic benefits that different types of exporters are able to appropriate, and therefore over their preferences over aspects of deep integration and over the intensities of said preferences. Resourceful exporters with scale economies and/or fragmented production increased their static and dynamic gains from trade through vertical and horizontal integration. In addition, this research argues that the different extents of the governments’ political decisiveness and access to societal demands have important implications over the lobbying costs of levels and forms of deep integration, and therefore over the possibilities of different types of exporters to shape trade agreements according to their preferences and priorities. Combining the veto players theory and the access points theory (extending the former to consider competition from rents from lobbying, and extending latter to include settings of imperfect competition), suggests that decreases in the costs of lobbying veto players increased the possibilities of resourceful exporters with increasing returns to scale and/or fragmented production to achieve vertical integration. However, decreases in the costs of lobbying access points without veto power reduced these types of exporters’ advantages of capturing said points, which reflected negatively in horizontal depth. In these cases, predictions about deep integration based on of veto player theory and on access point theory, became conditional on the concentration of the export sector. Cross-sectional regression analysis was performed to test these arguments. The main results and those of robustness tests tended to show direct and indirect support for the arguments put forward in this research.

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Jones, Katherine Champe. "Training on the diagnosis, treatment, and referral of substance abusers and their families in AAMFT-accredited master's level marriage and family therapy programs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44115.

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Because of the prevalence of substance abuse in America and the association between this issue and common problems brought to the family therapist, it is important that family therapists be trained to diagnose and either treat or refer substance abusing clients and their families. This study gathered information from the Directors of Master's level family therapy programs accredited by AAMFT about the content and format of training that students in their programs receive preparing them to work with substance abusing families. Twenty of the 22 programs were represented by completed questionnaires. Five programs were reported as having a required substance abuse course; four, a popular elective. Three respondents reported plans to increase their coverage of the topic in their curricula.

The average of the responses for prevalence of substance abuse as a central issue in practicum cases was 30%. Although about 75% of the respondents believed that their graduates were ready to diagnose and refer these cases, only 25% believed that these same students were ready to treat substance abuse cases. Data showed that 40% of the respondents believed it advisable for AAMFT to require a separate course on substance abuse. Comments from those opposed to such a requirement noted the crowdedness of existing curricula, the importance of academic freedom, and the abundance of other topics to be covered.
Master of Science

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8

Schlosser, Allison V. "Subjectivity and Moral Personhood: An Ethnography of Addiction Treatment in the United States." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1528722783811988.

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Damachi, Udim T. "Treatment Trends for Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the United States." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592171636938994.

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Groah, Joseph S. "Treatment of fourth class midshipmen : hazing and its impact on academic and military performance and psychological and physical health /." Thesis, access online version, 2005. http://www.usna.edu/IR/htmls/lead/database/cohort8/c08%5Foakes.pdf.

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Yun, Won-Cheol. "Tax treatment of trade in cattle futures : possible implications to market efficiency and price stability /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020149/.

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12

Macey, Maxwell N. "Tilting at Windmills: The Treatment of China as a Non-Market Economy Under United States Trade Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1484.

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Under World Trade Organization (“WTO”) rules, the United States and other developed countries are specifically permitted to treat the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”) as a Non-Market Economy (“NME”). Under U.S. trade laws, China’s designation as an NME allow imposition of tariffs to protect U.S. industries from “dumping” and to offset subsidies provided by foreign countries to their producers. However, on December 11, 2016, 15 years after China’s accession to the WTO, the U.S.’ legal right to automatically treat China as an NME expires under WTO law. The U.S. government has created NME methodologies under U.S. trade laws that impose often staggering duties on imports from China in a wide range of industries—duties that often have little relationship to economic reality. In effect, the U.S. is engaged in a guerrilla trade war with China, with NME status as the primary weapon. There is immense political resistance to ending the automatic NME treatment of China. For example, even Hillary Clinton, who was less openly confrontational towards China than Donald Trump, stated in her recent Presidential campaign, “Right now, Washington is considering Beijing’s request for ‘market economy’ status…if they get market economy status, it would defang our anti-dumping laws and let cheap products flood into our markets. So we should reply with only one word: No.”[i] This intense political anger is fueled by the displacements that China’s rapid rise and exports to the U.S. have engendered.[ii] Trade policy with respect to China needs to be considered in light of the critical importance of the relationship to both countries. China has become the United States’ largest single trading partner. Although the size of the trade deficit with China clearly accounts for the current heated political rhetoric about unfair trade with China, the fact is that China is by far the U.S.’ largest export trade partner (excluding our NAFTA neighbors Canada and Mexico), with exports almost twice the size of the next nearest country, Japan. This alone indicates it is in the United States’ interest to have a rational trading relationship with China. The U.S. should end the treatment of China as an NME. The policy is both ineffective and irrational. The capital markets do not consider the policy effective: recent relevant case studies show that protected U.S. companies often do not experience the intended benefit of trade law protection—a healthier business—based on analysis of their stock price performance beyond short term effects. After controlling for overall market fluctuations, companies will, at most, experience a short-term jump in their stock price. In the examples studied below, the stock price typically returns to pre-trade law protection figures within weeks. Such results imply two important points: 1) the company’s long-term fundamentals, which typically determine long-term stock performance (e.g. growth rate, cash flows, and margins), are unchanged by trade law protection; and 2) investors do not believe that these policies have a significant, long-term positive impact on U.S. companies. Regular “market economy” U.S. trade law provides real and sufficient remedies to address subsidies and dumping. Not only does the treatment of China as an NME exacerbate tensions with China[i], it imposes both unpredictable and excessive costs on U.S. consumers who purchase Chinese goods and makes U.S. businesses that use Chinese products to produce final goods less competitive with foreign competitors not facing such artificial costs[ii]. [i] Hornby, Lucy and Shawn Donnan, “China Fights for Market Economy Status”, May 9, 2016, Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/572f435e-0784-11e6-9b51-0fb5e65703ce. [ii] Mankiw, Gregory N. and Phillip L. Swagel, “Antidumping: The Third Rail of Trade Policy,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2005), pp. 107-119. [i] Clinton, Hillary, “Commentary: If Elected President, I’ll level the Playing Field on Global Trade,” Portland Herald Press, February 23, 2016, http://www.pressherald.com/2016/02/23/commentary-if-elected-president-ill-level-the-playing-field-on-global-trade-clinton-says/ [ii] Autor, David H., David Dorn and Gordon H. Hanson, “The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade,” NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 21906, National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016, http://economics.mit.edu/files/11675.

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Frazer, Lynne Howard. "Nobody's Children: The Treatment of Illegitimate Children in Three North Carolina Counties, 1760-1790." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625408.

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Satcher, Michelle. "Mental health treatment-seeking behaviors of African American women in the Southern United States." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/102.

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Frailing, Kelly. "Balancing treatment and justice : a study of two U.S. mental health courts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609176.

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Machado, Leonlida Bernice. "Exploration of program impact on adolescent girls residing in a group home." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/931.

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Eke, Bede Ugwuanya. "Preferential Trade Agreement as Path to Economic Development: The Case of Nigeria's Response to African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185563473.

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Gaddam, Surender. "The impact of asthma self-management education programs on the health outcomes: A meta-analysis (systemic review) of randomized controlled trials." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2312.

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An attempt has been made in this study to critically appraise, systematically review and gather together the results obtained in individual trials and examine the strength of evidence supporting the component for Education for a Partnership in Asthma Care of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) to test whether health outcomes are influenced by education and self-management programs.

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Donaldson, Robin E. "Differential dispositions : an examination of racial bias in the treatment and dispositional recommendations for juvenile offenders." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1061884.

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The literature which addresses the treatment and disposition of juvenile offenders thoroughly establishes the prevalence of racial bias. Though research is abundant regarding racial bias in both the mental health field and in the juvenile justice system, little exists which examines whether the two combine to contribute to the disproportionate percentage of minority offenders in the justice system. This paper examines this possible contribution. It is hypothesized that both probation officers and mental health professionals employ racial discrimination in dispositional recommendations leading to recommendations for the incarceration of black offenders although white offenders with identical characteristics are recommended for placement in mental health treatment facilities. A log-linear model for single-response qualitative data was modified to a 2 x 2 chi-square analysis due to the low number of referrals to detention which would not allow an evaluation of interactions between the variables. Utilizing a chi-square analysis, statistical significance was not met. Possible reasons for these findings and implications for research are addressed.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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Donaldson, Jarrod D., Colin T. Meddaugh, and J. Sheldon Jenkins. "The analysis of TRICARE Navy obstetric delivery costs within continental United States military treatment facilities." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10397.

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Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
MBA Professional Report
Navy medicine spends approximately $75 million on purchased obstetric (OB) care for Navy personnel and their dependents, a sum that continues to increase each year. The purpose of this research is to compare the cost of Navy OB medical care under TRICARE Prime (civilian sector) with similar care provided in four representative Navy Medical Treatment Facilities (MTF). Specifically, the study will examine (1) the quantity of selected deliveries in TRICARE and four specific MTF catchment areas; (2) the average delivery cost for the different types of Purchased Care (PC) deliveries, and (3) best practice techniques to increase the amount of Direct Care (DC) deliveries care in Navy Medicine. The goal of this study is to compare the benefits and drawbacks of each system to gain insights for providing better and more cost-effective OB care in the Navy.

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Lancaster, Lydia Anne. "Longitudinal Effects of Surgical Orthodontics Treatment on Quality of Life in a United States Population." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1553856528855052.

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Fellows, Elizabeth M. "Alcohol consumption and abuse among college students in the United States : influences, consequences, and treatment /." View online, 1996. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998841285.pdf.

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Donaldson, Jarrod D. Jenkins J. Sheldon. "The analysis of TRICARE Navy obstetric delivery costs within continental United States military treatment facilities." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FDonaldson%5FMBA.pdf.

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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009."
Advisor(s): Laverson, Alan J. ; Mislick, Gregory K. "December 2009." "MBA Professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Obstetrics, TRICARE, OB care, DRG 370, 371, 372, 373, Diagnostic Related Group, Military Treatment Facility, MTF, BUMED, Navy Medicine, OB/GYN, midwives, deliveries, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, NMCP, Naval Medical Center San Diego, NMCSD, Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, NHCP, Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune, NHCL, Purchased Care, PC, Direct Care, DC. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41). Also available in print.

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Vermilion, Christopher. "Analysis of the constitutionality of the Bush administration's Military Order on the Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-citizens in the War against Terrorism." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/471.

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Tilton, Abigail C. "The health status of people living with HIV/AIDS and in treatment in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5339/.

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Vulnerable populations comprise a growing number of people living with HIV/AIDS and are at increased risk for poorer health outcomes. The purpose of this research was to approximate the effect of the Ryan White CARE Act on the health status of people living with HIV/AIDS who were receiving medical care in the United States. The vulnerable populations model was utilized to identify appropriate variables for analysis as well as to provide a sequencing for the testing of models. Data analyzed in this study came from the 1996 Baseline Survey of the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), a cooperative study between RAND and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now known as the Agency for Health Care Quality and Research). Three analyses sequences, using different dependent variables, to estimate health status were conducted. In the first analysis, health status was measured by CD-4 count and stage of illness. In the second analysis, only CD-4 counts were used for health status. In the final analysis, health status was estimated based on AIDS diagnosis. Each of the three analyses included the same independent variables: race, gender, education, sexual orientation, income, insurance status, region of the country, receipt of case management, perceived health, and level of antiviral therapy. The three analyses suggested similar results. Specifically, that African Americans and women had better health status as compared to whites and men, respectively. Additionally, insurance, case management, and antiviral therapy were associated with poorer health status. Factors such as education, income, and region of the country yielded inconsistent results between models. To better understand the effect of the Ryan White CARE Act on health outcomes for people living with HIV/AIDS, future research should consider inclusion of a variable that more directly measures the CARE Act, such as payer source for medical care.

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Verinakis, Theofanis Costas Dino. "Barbaric sovereignty states of emergency and their colonial legacies /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307699.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 24, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-261).

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Vano, Anne Margaret. "Linguistic predictors of treatment success among female substance abusers." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036603.

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28

Wallace, Richard A. "Regional Differences in the Treatment of Karl Marx by the Founders of American Academic Sociology." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36974.

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Karl Marx has long been perceived as one of the individuals who helped to create and develop the field we now call sociology. Many studies have attempted to show his prevalence over time, but have done so deficiently. The current study is a qualitative content analysis of the manuscripts written by William G. Sumner, Lester F. Ward, Franklin H. Giddings, Albion W. Small, Charles H. Cooley and Edward A. Ross. These individuals are generally considered to be the founders of American academic sociology. Their writings can tell a great deal about the development of Marxian sociology in the United States. The present study supports the theory that those founders working at universities in the Midwest were more likely to discuss Marx than the founders from the East Coast because those in the Midwest were at institutions which were more progressive. The project is based on a thorough analysis of the manuscripts written by the six founders in the time frame of 1883-1915 (the first era of American academic sociology). As shown in the study, Karl Marx was not entirely ignored by the founders, but many other writers were more influential. Many discussions about Karl Marx were based upon the manuscripts written by he and Engels, The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. The founders often addressed Marx's concepts which related to his discussions of class, surplus value, capital, capitalism, historical materialism, class consciousness, and property.
Master of Science

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McFee, Scott. "Staff Perception and Assessment of Residential Treatment of Adolescents and Children in the United States (SPARTAC-US)." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3666980.

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Direct care staff in Residential Treatment Centers (RTC) are the primary delivery agent of milieu therapy for Severely Emotionally Disturbed (SED) youth, spending time with the children for most of their waking hours. The current body of research suggests that direct care staff in RTC are an important, but under-measured element of the RTC system of care. The Staff Perception and Assessment of Residential Treatment of Adolescents and Children in the United States (SPARTAC-US) is a quantitative survey designed to assess staff beliefs about their role in the RTC model of care with SED youth. Questions are addressed about efficacy of treatment, beliefs about etiology of mental illness, compassion satisfaction, interpersonal style, and workplace satisfaction. It is hoped that factors that emerge from the survey will validate the hypothesis that there are distinct constructs related to residential staff interacting with SED adolescents and children.

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Bhattacharjee, Sandipan, Lisa Goldstone, Queeny Ip, and Terri Warholak. "Depression Treatment among Adults with Multiple Sclerosis and Depression in Ambulatory Care Settings in the United States." HINDAWI LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624085.

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Background. There is little information regarding depression treatment patterns among adults with MS and depression in ambulatory settings at national level in the United States (US). Objectives. The objectives of this study were to identify patterns and predictors of depression treatment in ambulatory settings in US among adults with MS and depression. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted by pooling multiple years (2005-2011) of National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the outpatient department of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data. The final study sample was comprised of ambulatory visits among adults with MS and depression. Dependent variable of this study was pharmacological treatment for depression with or without psychotherapy. Predictors of depression treatment were determined by conducting multivariable logistic regression. Results. Out of all ambulatory visits involving MS diagnosis, 20.59% also involved a depression diagnosis. Depression treatment was observed in 57.25% of the study population. Fluoxetine was the most prescribed individual antidepressant. Age and total number of chronic diseases were significant predictors of depression treatment. Conclusion. Approximately six out of ten ambulatory visits involving MS and depression recorded some form of depression treatment. Future longitudinal studies should examine health outcomes associated with depression treatment in this population.

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Armin, Julie. "Organizing Care: U.S. Health Policy, Social Inequality, and the Work of Cancer Treatment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556839.

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In the United States, concern about breast cancer has generated policies and programs aimed at increasing screening mammography and treatment access for the uninsured and underinsured. Oriented toward the importance of early detection and the state's responsibility to ensure health care access to its citizens, these policies and programs reflect and reinforce a moral economy of disease management that shapes the ethical behavior of patients, providers, and advocates. In contrast, the moral economy of market-based health care generates norms and assumptions about individual responsibility for health and limits expectations of the state in providing access to health care. Using breast cancer care for structurally vulnerable women as a focal point, this dissertation examines the social effects of intersecting moral economies of breast cancer management and market-based health care. It describes the relationships between public policies, social and economic marginalization, and gaps in health care access. Based on 18 months of ethnographic field work in Southern Arizona, I report findings from interviews with physicians, nurses, advocates, clinic office staff, and community health workers; from recurring discussions with women undergoing treatment for breast cancer; and from participant-observation in cancer-focused events and activities. This dissertation explores how policies that extend low-cost or free health care to broad populations also reproduce social exclusion and complicate what it means to be uninsured in America. I describe how everyday practices of health care, including determinations of eligibility for public insurance, reflect and reinforce social inequities based on citizenship status, gender, and occupational status. I conclude that the organization of cancer care for structurally vulnerable women effectively directs the focus away from the state's responsibility to provide health care access and instead privatizes that responsibility so that it resides with structurally vulnerable clinics and non-licensed health care staff. Furthermore, a charity approach to managing cancer care for unauthorized U.S. residents diverts public responsibility for their social exclusion to private entities. Finally, the findings of this dissertation contribute to debates about health reform efforts, such as the Affordable Care Act, by outlining the relationship between moral worth and government entitlements.

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Landis, Geraldine. "Heroes and villains : an analysis of the treatment of individuals in the world history textbooks /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172039/.

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Sterling, Jimmy L. (Jimmy Lee). "The Effect of Test Anxiety Reduction Intervention on United States Air Force Allied Health Care Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277834/.

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This study examined the effects of test anxiety reduction strategies on U.S. Air Force allied health care students and had a fourfold purpose. The first was to estimate the extent of student test anxiety in allied health care students. The second was to determine the predictors of student test anxiety. The third was to determine if the Student Learning Center provides an effective method of reducing test anxiety in the subjects. The final purpose was to recommend areas for future research.

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Kieley, Jeanie Martin. "Resiliency in adult children of alcoholics." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/955.

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Bond, Bradley J. "Evaluating the cost and performance of vegetative treatment systems on open beef feedlots in the Midwestern United States." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1476278.

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Clapp, John Donovan. "Key Factors Contributing to Organizational Response to AIDS Among Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Organizations in The United States /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487929745333671.

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Culver, Mark, and Justin VandenBerg. "Clinical Outcomes and Economic Characteristics Regarding Inpatient Treatment of Brain Tumors with Implantable Wafers in the United States." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623597.

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Class of 2012 Abstract
Specific Aims: This study was aimed to evaluate inpatient clinical treatment characteristics associated with the use of intracranial implantation of chemotherapeutic wafers for malignant brain neoplasms within United States, and assess inpatient mortality and total charges regarding treatment with wafer versus without. Methods: A retrospective cohort investigation was conducted utilizing inpatient discharge records from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2009. From this nationally- representative sample, 9,455 adults aged 18 years or older were identified with malignant neoplasms of the brain treated with implantable chemotherapeutic wafers. Outcomes of inpatient mortality and charges were assessed via multivariate regression analysis, controlling for patient characteristics, hospital structure, comorbidities, and clinical complications. Main Results: The average age of patients with brain neoplasms was 56.6 (±16.5) years, and of those patients, 42.9% were female. The odds ratio for inpatient mortality of patients treated with implantable chemotherapeutic wafers was OR=0.380 (P<0.001), and patients that received wafer treatment had increased charges exp(b)=2.147 (P<0.001). Conclusions: Multiple factors were associated with inpatient mortality and charges among the 247,829 patients that were diagnosed with malignant brain neoplasms from 2005-2009. With regards to these patients, implantable chemotherapeutic wafers were associated with increased inpatient survival and increased charges.

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Culver, Mark, Justin VandenBerg, and Grant Skrepnek. "Clinical Outcomes and Economic Characteristics Regarding Inpatient Treatment of Brain Tumors with Implantable Wafers in the United States." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614463.

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Class of 2012 Abstract
Specific Aims: This study was aimed to evaluate inpatient clinical treatment characteristics associated with the use of intracranial implantation of chemotherapeutic wafers for malignant brain neoplasms within United States, and assess inpatient mortality and total charges regarding treatment with wafer versus without. Methods: A retrospective cohort investigation was conducted utilizing inpatient discharge records from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2009. From this nationally-representative sample, 9,455 adults aged 18 years or older were identified with malignant neoplasms of the brain treated with implantable chemotherapeutic wafers. Outcomes of inpatient mortality and charges were assessed via multivariate regression analysis, controlling for patient characteristics, hospital structure, comorbidities, and clinical complications. Main Results: The average age of patients with brain neoplasms was 56.6 (±16.5) years, and of those patients, 42.9% were female. The odds ratio for inpatient mortality of patients treated with implantable chemotherapeutic wafers was OR=0.380 (P<0.001), and patients that received wafer treatment had increased charges exp(b)=2.147 (P<0.001). Conclusions: Multiple factors were associated with inpatient mortality and charges among the 247,829 patients that were diagnosed with malignant brain neoplasms from 2005-2009. With regards to these patients, implantable chemotherapeutic wafers were associated with increased inpatient survival and increased charges.

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Borse, Mrudula S. "Cost Utility Analysis of Balloon Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty in the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures in the United States." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1365161686.

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Nielsen, Alexandra Elizabeth. "Quantifying Spatial Potential Access Equity in an Agent Based Simulation Model of Buprenorphine Treatment Policy in the United States." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4516.

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Opioid dependence and opioid related deaths are a public health problem which the United States Centers of Disease Control have declared an epidemic. While opioid agonist therapy for opioid addiction has been accepted as the most effective treatment for opioid dependence among academics, and office based buprenorphine treatment has been available in the Unites States for over 10 years, OB buprenorphine faces many barriers to widespread adoption. Empirical data on the geographic distribution of physicians able to prescribe buprenorphine and the prescribing patterns of those physicians show considerable unevenness in access and utilization of treatment services. Federal-level policies have recently been implemented to expand access to opioid agonist therapy, but the medium and long term impacts of these policy changes on individual outcomes, public health, and geographic access equity are not yet clear. This dissertation compares two recent federal level policies on expanding access to buprenorphine treatment: raising the regulatory limit on the number of patients a provider can treat (implemented July, 2016), and extending prescribing privileges to nurse practitioners and physician assistants (implemented February, 2017), using an empirically supported Agent Based Simulation model. Policies are assessed by a novel, at-a-glance, quantitative access equity metric: the Spatial Potential Access Gini Index, in addition to year-end treatment utilization, opioid overdose deaths, and the amount of illicit medication diversion. In the simulation, expanding access by increasing the patient limit did not result in more equitable spatial access, while extending prescribing to NPs and PAs increased both utilization and spatial access equity. This is likely due to empirically supported model assumptions that NPs and PAs providing primary care often serve in medically underserved areas including rural and remote regions. Extending prescribing to these practitioners opens up new treatment locations changing the spatial distribution of treatment opportunities. Changing patient limits does not change the overall spatial distribution of services, so spatial access equity does not change even if overall treatment supply gets better or worse. The primary contribution of this work is the Spatial Potential Access Lorenz Curve and the Spatial Potential Access Gini Index, measures that aggregate individual-level Spatial Potential Access Scores commonly used in health care geography to map and identify areas of access disparity within a region. The equitability of Spatial Potential Access is calculated by using the Lorenz Curve, which is commonly used to characterize the distribution of wealth or income in a society, from which a Gini Index is calculated. The Spatial Potential Access Gini Index allows for direct comparison of complex quantitative information about the geographic distribution of supply and demand in a region with other regions, or in response to policies that impact supply or demand within the region. The measure has potential applications in simulation studies on the spatial allocation of services, allowing equity assessment of policy alternatives, as well as in empirical work, allowing equity comparisons of different regions, or in hybrid studies in which policy experiments are conducted on data-rich maps.

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Penley, Victoria Lynn. "The re-emergence of public support for rehabilitative treatment in prisons." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/851.

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Tuntiya, Nana. "The Forgotten History: The Deinstitutionalization Movement in the Mental Health Care System in the United States." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000112.

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Wilson, William T. Kennedy Virginia C. "The influence of staff and organizational characteristics on social environment in substance abuse treatment facilities /." See options below, 1992. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746763961&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=68716&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Salekin, Randall T. (Randall Todd). "Juvenile Waiver to Adult Criminal Courts: a Prototypical Analysis of Dangerousness, Sophistication-Maturity, and Amenability to Treatment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278875/.

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Psychological assessment ofjuveniles being considered for waiver to adult criminal courts often requires systematic evaluation of dangerousness, maturity-sophistication, and amenability to treatment (ATX). Despite the importance of these constructs to the evaluation of juveniles, little is known about the criteria that constitute these three constructs. This study was designed to assist in clarifying the constructs of dangerousness, maturity-sophistication, and ATX that typically guide juvenile transfers. Generally, prototypicality ratings were aligned with the current literature on dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and ATX.

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Godskesen, Maria Therese Baker Iljas. "A critical analysis of the United States' treatment of detainees at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in the context of internation law /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd382/4637838.pdf.

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DiGiallonardo, Richard L. (Richard Lee). "Musical Borrowing: Referential Treatment in American Popular Music." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277911/.

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This thesis examines the relationships between popular contemporary musical styles and classic-era art music. Analysis of pop-rock songs, and their referential treatment in art rock, classical music, and society will be examined. Pop-rock musicians borrow from the masters of the past and from each other. Rock guitarists such as Eddie Van Halen employ a virtuosic technique suggestive of Liszt and Paganini. The group Rush borrowed freely from opera seria. Frank Zappa referenced contemporary musicians as well as classical techniques. Referential treatment in popular music and the recent advancements in technology, have challenged copyright law. How these treatments and technologies affect copyright legislators and musicians will be discussed.

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Drake, Scott A. "Green preservation : achieving LEED-EB certification while adhering to the Secretary of the Interior's standards for the treatment of historic properties." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371189.

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This study assesses the growing field of green building for its potential impact on the field of historic preservation. It is designed to provide a starting point for building owners and professionals in the industry seeking to gain LEED-EB certification on a historic structure. The potential impact of each LEED-EB credit to adversely affect historic fabric is evaluated for preservation, rehabilitation and reconstruction projects as defined by the Secretary of the Interior. Strategies for gaining certification for historic structures are discussed. Recommendations for further growth between the fields of historic preservation and green building are given. Early projects that combine historic preservation and green building are briefly discussed.
Department of Architecture

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Sherman, Thomas Peter. "Domestic violence and the Air Force family: Research into situational dynamics and evaluation of the Air Force Family Advocacy Program." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2506.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Air Force Family Advocacy Program and examine the effects that situational dynamics have on recidivism. Although, the high volume of program participants and low recidivism rate demonstrated that the Family Advocacy Program is a valuable resource for treating families referred for spousal domestic violence.

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Aghahosseini, Mohsen. "The treatment of claims of dual nationals by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and its possible impact on customary international law." Thesis, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414022.

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Yue, Xiaomeng. "Cost-of-Illness and Treatment Patterns of Gynecologic Cancer in the United States: An Empirical Analysis Based on MEPS Database 2007-2014." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505207327559448.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Preferential treatment in the United States'

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