Journal articles on the topic 'Preference'
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Sánchez-Cuenca, Ignacio. "A Preference for Selfish Preferences." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 38, no. 3 (September 2008): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393108319470.
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Purcell, A. T., R. J. Lamb, E. Mainardi Peron, and S. Falchero. "Preference or preferences for landscape?" Journal of Environmental Psychology 14, no. 3 (September 1994): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-4944(94)80056-1.
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McLaughlin, John P. "Aesthetic preference and lateral preferences." Neuropsychologia 24, no. 4 (January 1986): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(86)90103-x.
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Jenkins, J. Gregory, and Christine M. Haynes. "The Persuasiveness of Client Preferences: An Investigation of the Impact of Preference Timing and Client Credibility." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2003.22.1.143.
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Explicitly stated client preferences are intended to persuade the auditor to accept a preferred outcome. This experimental study investigates two determinants of a preference's persuasiveness—timing and client credibility. Sixty-four experienced auditors completed two hypothetical cases, one involving disclosure of a contingent liability and the other involving the collectibility of a customer account. The findings suggest that audit judgments regarding contingent liability disclosure may be biased toward a client's preference if the preference is received prior to evidence evaluation (i.e., an early preference) but not if the preference is received at the end of the evidence evaluation process (i.e., a late preference). No such bias, however, is present for the collectibility judgment. Results also indicate that auditors who receive an early preference ask to examine more additional audit evidence than those who receive a late preference, although whether they seek additional evidence to confirm or disconfirm the client's preference remains unclear. Finally, no support is found for the ordinal interaction hypothesizing that only a highly credible client in the early preference condition will differentially influence contingent liability disclosure and accounts receivable collectibility judgments.
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Walden, Brian E., Rauna K. Surr, Mary T. Cord, Ken W. Grant, Van Summers, and Andrew B. Dittberner. "The Robustness of Hearing Aid Microphone Preferences in Everyday Listening Environments." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 18, no. 05 (May 2007): 358–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.18.5.2.
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Automatic directionality algorithms currently implemented in hearing aids assume that hearing-impaired persons with similar hearing losses will prefer the same microphone processing mode in a specific everyday listening environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness of microphone preferences in everyday listening. Two hearing-impaired persons made microphone preference judgments (omnidirectional preferred, directional preferred, no preference) in a variety of everyday listening situations. Simultaneously, these acoustic environments were recorded through the omnidirectional and directional microphone processing modes. The acoustic recordings were later presented in a laboratory setting for microphone preferences to the original two listeners and other listeners who differed in hearing ability and experience with directional microphone processing. The original two listeners were able to replicate their live microphone preferences in the laboratory with a high degree of accuracy. This suggests that the basis of the original live microphone preferences were largely represented in the acoustic recordings. Other hearing-impaired and normal-hearing participants who listened to the environmental recordings also accurately replicated the original live omnidirectional preferences; however, directional preferences were not as robust across the listeners. When the laboratory rating did not replicate the live directional microphone preference, listeners almost always expressed no preference for either microphone mode. Hence, a preference for omnidirectional processing was rarely expressed by any of the participants to recorded sites where directional processing had been preferred as a live judgment and vice versa. These results are interpreted to provide little basis for customizing automatic directionality algorithms for individual patients. The implications of these findings for hearing aid design are discussed. Los algoritmos automáticos de direccionalidad actualmente implementados en auxiliares auditivos asumen que las personas hipoacúsicas con pérdidas similares preferirán el mismo modo de procesamiento del micrófono en los ambientes cotidianos específicos de escucha. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la firmeza de las preferencias de micrófonos para la audición cotidiana. Dos personas hipoacúsicas establecieron juicios de preferencia en cuanto a los micrófonos (preferencia omnidireccional, preferencia direccional, sin preferencia) en una variedad de situaciones cotidianas de escucha. Simultáneamente, estos ambientes acústicos fueron registrados a través de modos omnidireccionales y direccionales de procesamiento del micrófono. Las grabaciones acústicas fueron luego presentadas en un contexto de laboratorio para preferencias del micrófono a los dos sujetos originales y a dos sujetos que diferían en su habilidad auditiva y en su experiencia con procesamiento direccional de micrófonos. Los dos sujetos originales pudieron replicar en el laboratorio sus preferencias de micrófono en vivo con un alto grado de exactitud. Esto sugiere que las bases para la preferencia original y aquella en vivo de los micrófonos fueron correctamente representadas en los registros acústicos. Otros participantes con hipoacusia y normoyentes que escucharon los registros ambientales también replicaron con exactitud las preferencias omnidireccionales originales en vivo; sin embargo, las preferencias direccionales no fueron tan consistentes entre todos ellos. Cuando la clasificación de laboratorio no replicó la preferencia direccional de micrófono en vivo, los sujetos casi siempre dejaron de expresar preferencia por ningún modo de micrófono. Por lo tanto, la preferencia para procesamiento omnidireccional raramente fue escogida por ninguno de los participantes para situaciones donde se había preferido el registro direccional como un juicio en vivo y viceversa. Se interpreta que estos resultados aportan poco en la búsqueda de adecuar automáticamente los algoritmos de direccionalidad para pacientes individuales. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos en el diseño de auxiliares auditivos.
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Huang, Hui, Juan Zhang, Xuan Ren, and Xiang Zhou. "Greenness and Pricing Decisions of Cooperative Supply Chains Considering Altruistic Preferences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010051.
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With the development of the economy and science technology, global resource shortages and environmental pressures have become the focus of attention. More and more consumers tend to buy non-polluting and environmentally friendly green products, and many manufacturers and retailers are beginning to produce or sell green products to enhance their competitive advantage in the market. Considering the green preference attributes of consumers, the altruistic preference is introduced into the supply chain, and we establish four models: two cooperative manufacturers and one retailer are completely self-interested, one retailer has altruistic preference, two cooperative manufacturers have altruistic preferences, and two cooperative manufacturers and one retailer have altruistic preferences. We address the optimal greenness and pricing decisions of supply chain members, and analyze the impact of altruistic preferences on supply chain decision-making and profits. The results show that the altruistic preference coefficient can significantly affect the decision-making and the profits of supply chain members, and when two manufacturers and one retailer consider altruistic preferences, the altruistic preference coefficients adopted by the three parties are in the certain ranges, the supply chain members’ altruistic preference coefficients can increase the whole supply chain profit. Through analysis, in the three cases where the retailer has altruistic preferences, two manufacturers have altruistic preferences, and two manufacturers and one retailer have altruistic preferences, two manufacturers should adopt higher altruistic preference coefficients, and the retailer should adopt a lower altruistic preference coefficient, and the product greenness under the three altruistic preferences is higher than the product greenness when there is no altruistic preference.
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Fishburn, Peter C. "Ordered preference differences without ordered preferences." Synthese 67, no. 2 (May 1986): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00540076.
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Warren, Caleb, A. Peter McGraw, and Leaf Van Boven. "Values and preferences: defining preference construction." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2010): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.98.
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Turley, Marianne, Susan Wang, Di Meng, Michael H. Kanter, and Terhilda Garrido. "An information model for automated assessment of concordance between advance care preferences and care delivered near the end of life." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, e1 (November 13, 2015): e118-e124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv149.
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Abstract Objective To develop an information model for automating evaluation of concordance between patient preferences and end-of-life care. Methods We modeled and validated 15 end-of-life care preference option domains, to which we mapped preferences recorded in standardized advance care planning documents and 232 end-of-life care events defined by procedure and medication codes. Patient preferences and end-of-life care events were available in electronic health records. Data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California modeling and testing populations were evaluated for concordance between patients’ preferences and the end-of-life care events they experienced. Results The information model successfully assessed concordance between patient preferences and end-of-life care events. Among 388 expired patients in the modeling population, 4164 care events occurred, 4100 (98%) of which were preference-concordant, and 64 (2%) of which were preference-discordant. Including end-of-life care events that did not occur increased the number of observations to 6029; 99% were preference-concordant. At the level of individuals, 72% (278) of patients experienced only preference-concordant care events, 13% (50) experienced at least one preference-discordant care event, and 15% (60) experienced no preference-related care events. Discussion Model limitations pertain to assumptions that are required to match advance care planning documents with patient preference options and exclusion of preferred care that did not occur. Further research is required to apply the model to larger populations and to investigate the need for additional preference options. Conclusion An information model for automating the assessment of the concordance between patients’ advance care planning preferences and the end-of-life care they received was effective in a small population and has the potential to assess population-level preference-concordance on an ongoing basis.
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Tudor, Scarlett, and Molly Morris. "Variation in male mate preference for female size in the swordtail Xiphophorus malinche." Behaviour 146, no. 6 (2009): 727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853909x446172.
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AbstractMale and female mate preferences have the potential to influence one another, and such interactions could help explain variation in female mate preferences. In Xiphophorus malinche, larger females prefer asymmetrical males while smaller females prefer symmetrical males. We used a two-part preference test to determine if there were differences in mate preferences between symmetrical and asymmetrical males for female size that could influence female mate preference. We found no significant difference between symmetrical and asymmetrical male's preferences. A preference for large female size was detected during the time males directly interacted with females and in standard dichotomous choice tests that followed, as long as the males had been isolated less than 30 days. We did detect variation in male preference for female size depending on male size and the amount of time a male was isolated. These results suggest that variation in male mate preference is not likely to have produced the difference in female preference for symmetry between large and small females, but should be considered where females vary in their preference for male size. In addition, our results suggest that males may shift their preferences from large to small females depending on time since last mating opportunity.
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Chen, Pengzhan, Jihua Wu, and Ning Li. "A Personalized Navigation Route Recommendation Strategy Based on Differential Perceptron Tracking User’s Driving Preference." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (January 4, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8978398.
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With the increasing frequency of autonomous driving, more and more attention is paid to personalized path planning. However, the path selection preferences of users will change with internal or external factors. Therefore, this paper proposes a personalized path recommendation strategy that can track and study user’s path preference. First, we collect the data of the system, establish the relationship with the user preference factor, and get the user’s initial preference weight vector by dichotomizing the K-means algorithm. The system then determines whether user preferences change based on a set threshold, and when the user’s preference changes, the current preference weight vector can be obtained by redefining the preference factor or calling difference perception. Finally, the road network is quantized separately according to the user preference weight vector, and the optimal path is obtained by using Tabu search algorithm. The simulation results of two scenarios show that the proposed strategy can meet the requirements of autopilot even when user preferences change.
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Wahlers, Justin N., Danielle E. Wahlers, and William P. Hart. "Conveying depression: Is a reduced relative preference for happiness a way depressed people convince themselves of their depressed identity?" Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 43, no. 3 (June 2024): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2024.43.3.227.
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Introduction: Individuals who are more depressed show a reduced preference for happy over sad stimuli. Researchers have proffered various features of depression that might produce a genuine reduced preference for happy vs. sad stimuli. Here, in line with an identity maintenance perspective on depression, we posited that this reduced relative preference is, in part, used to communicate a more depressed identity. Method: In a preregistered experiment, nonclinical participants (N = 508) completed a dimensional measure of depression and rated their preferences for happy and sad images. We manipulated the extent to which a relative preference for happy (vs. sad) images could be used to seem depressed (happy-preference-is-depressed preference framing) or vice versa (sad-preference-is-depressed preference framing). Results: People with elevated depression showed a reduced preference for happy over sad images in the sad-vs. happy-preference-is-depressed preference framing, and people with low depression showed the opposite effect. These effects persisted after controlling for sex and could not be attributed to demand. Depression also related positively to rating oneself as being depressed, and mediation evidence suggested that the strategic alteration of preferences on the image viewing task partly drove these judgments. Discussion: Consistent with an identity maintenance perspective, the data suggest that hedonic preferences associated with depression may be driven, in part, by the desire to signal one's own depression levels.
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Chen, Yu-ke, Yan Zou, and Zhe Chen. "Preference Integration and Optimization of Multistage Weighted Voting System Based on Ordinal Preference." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/186545.
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Multistage voting is a common voting form through which the winners are selected. By virtue of weighted multistage voting rules, in this paper, we establish a weighted voting model by analyzing the correlation between individual preference and group preference. The weights of voters in each voting stage are adjusted through preference deviation degrees between individual preferences and group preference, and the ranking among candidates in each stage is determined according to weighted Borda function value. Examples are given to verify our model, which shows that weighted information aggregation model can mine more useful information from different individual preferences of voters to quicken the aggregation of group preference.
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Álvaro, Leticia, Humberto Moreira, Julio Lillo, and Anna Franklin. "Color preference in red–green dichromats." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 30 (July 13, 2015): 9316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502104112.
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Around 2% of males have red–green dichromacy, which is a genetic disorder of color vision where one type of cone photoreceptor is missing. Here we investigate the color preferences of dichromats. We aim (i) to establish whether the systematic and reliable color preferences of normal trichromatic observers (e.g., preference maximum at blue, minimum at yellow-green) are affected by dichromacy and (ii) to test theories of color preference with a dichromatic sample. Dichromat and normal trichromat observers named and rated how much they liked saturated, light, dark, and focal colors twice. Trichromats had the expected pattern of preference. Dichromats had a reliable pattern of preference that was different to trichromats, with a preference maximum rather than minimum at yellow and a much weaker preference for blue than trichromats. Color preference was more affected in observers who lacked the cone type sensitive to long wavelengths (protanopes) than in those who lacked the cone type sensitive to medium wavelengths (deuteranopes). Trichromats’ preferences were summarized effectively in terms of cone-contrast between color and background, and yellow-blue cone-contrast could account for dichromats’ pattern of preference, with some evidence for residual red–green activity in deuteranopes’ preference. Dichromats’ color naming also could account for their color preferences, with colors named more accurately and quickly being more preferred. This relationship between color naming and preference also was present for trichromat males but not females. Overall, the findings provide novel evidence on how dichromats experience color, advance the understanding of why humans like some colors more than others, and have implications for general theories of aesthetics.
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Luo, Mingshi, Xiaoli Zhang, Jiao Li, Peipei Duan, and Shengnan Lu. "User Dynamic Preference Construction Method Based on Behavior Sequence." Scientific Programming 2022 (July 22, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6101045.
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People’s needs are constantly changing, and the performance of traditional recommendation algorithms is no longer enough to meet the demand. Considering that users’ preferences change with time, the users’ behavior sequence hides the evolution and change law of users’ preferences, so mining the dependence of the users’ behavior sequence is extremely important to predict users’ dynamic preferences. From the perspective of constructing users’ dynamic preferences, this paper proposes a users’ dynamic preference model based on users’ behavior sequences. Firstly, the user’s interest model is divided into short-term and long-term interest models. The short-term interest reflects the user’s current preference, and the long-term interest refers to the user’s interest from all his historical behaviors, representing the user’s consistent and stable preference. Users’ dynamic preference is obtained by integrating short-term interest and long-term interest, which solves the problem that the user’s preference cannot reflect the change in the user’s interest in real-time. We use the public Amazon review dataset to test the model we propose in the paper. Our model achieves the best performance, with a maximum performance improvement of 15.21% compared with the basic model (BPR, NCF) and 2.04% compared with the sequence model (GRU4REC, Caser, etc.), which proves that the user’s dynamic preference model can effectively predict the user’s dynamic preference. Users’ dynamic preferences are helpful in predicting users’ real-time preferences, especially in the field of recommendation.
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Dung, Phan Minh, Phan Minh Thang, and Tran Cao Son. "On Structured Argumentation with Conditional Preferences." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 2792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012792.
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We study defeasible knowledge bases with conditional preferences (DKB). A DKB consists of a set of undisputed facts and a rule-based system that contains different types of rules: strict, defeasible, and preference. A major challenge in defining the semantics of DKB lies in determining how conditional preferences interact with the attack relations represented by rebuts and undercuts, between arguments.
We introduce the notions of preference attack relations as sets of attacks between preference arguments and the rebuts or undercuts among arguments as well as of preference attack relation assignments which map knowledge bases to preference attack relations. We present five rational properties (referred to as regular properties), the inconsistency-resolving, effective rebuts, context-independence, attack monotonicity and link-orientation properties generalizing the properties of the same names for the case of unconditional preferences.
Preference attack relation assignment are defined as regular if they satisfy all regular properties. We show that the set of regular assignments forms a complete lower semilattice whose least element is referred to as the canonical preference attack relation assignment. Canonical attack relation assignment represents the semantics of preferences in defeasible knowledge bases as intuitively, it could be viewed as being uniquely identified by the regular properties together with the principle of minimal removal of undesired attacks. We also present the normal preference attack relation assignment as an approximation of the canonical attack relation assignment.
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WERMTER, STEFAN. "NEURAL FUZZY PREFERENCE INTEGRATION USING NEURAL PREFERENCE MOORE MACHINES." International Journal of Neural Systems 10, no. 04 (August 2000): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065700000259.
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This paper describes preference classes and preference Moore machines as a basis for integrating different hybrid neural representations. Preference classes are shown to provide a basic link between neural preferences and fuzzy representations at the preference class level. Preference Moore machines provide a link between recurrent neural networks and symbolic transducers at the preference Moore machine level. We demonstrate how the concepts of preference classes and preference Moore machines can be used to interpret neural network representations and to integrate knowledge from hybrid neural representations. One main contribution of this paper is the introduction and analysis of neural preference Moore machines and their link to a fuzzy interpretation. Furthermore, we illustrate the interpretation and combination of various neural preference Moore machines with additional real-world examples.
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Bradley, Gordon A., and Anne R. Kearney. "Public and Professional Responses to the Visual Effects of Timber Harvesting: Different Ways of Seeing." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.1.42.
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Abstract This study examines preferences and differences in preference among forest professionals and other forest stakeholders. Specifically, the study explores the underlying dimensions of preference and the stated rationale behind those preferences. Preferences were assessed for six different silvicultural treatments, including clearcutting, two-age cut, patch cut, group selection, commercial thin, and an unmodified control stand. Study participants were selected from six stakeholder groups: forest professionals, urban public, rural public, recreationists, environmentalists, and educators (n=210). Results show that people's preferences tend to follow the same general trend across all groups, with higher preference for less intense harvests. Foresters tended to show significantly greater preference than most other groups for treatments where tree removal left moderate to large openings; this difference was most striking with respect to clearcuts. Analysis of people's stated rationale behind the preference ratings suggests that differences in preference are a function of differences in how people interpret the scene. Foresters were more likely to see the management depicted in a scene and to interpret these signs of management in a favorable light; other groups were more likely to respond to the aesthetics of the scene or to processes perceived to be damaging to the landscape. Implications for these differences in preference and perception are discussed.
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Becher, Stefan, and Armin Gerl. "ConTra Preference Language: Privacy Preference Unification via Privacy Interfaces." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 5428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145428.
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After the enactment of the GDPR in 2018, many companies were forced to rethink their privacy management in order to comply with the new legal framework. These changes mostly affect the Controller to achieve GDPR-compliant privacy policies and management.However, measures to give users a better understanding of privacy, which is essential to generate legitimate interest in the Controller, are often skipped. We recommend addressing this issue by the usage of privacy preference languages, whereas users define rules regarding their preferences for privacy handling. In the literature, preference languages only work with their corresponding privacy language, which limits their applicability. In this paper, we propose the ConTra preference language, which we envision to support users during privacy policy negotiation while meeting current technical and legal requirements. Therefore, ConTra preferences are defined showing its expressiveness, extensibility, and applicability in resource-limited IoT scenarios. In addition, we introduce a generic approach which provides privacy language compatibility for unified preference matching.
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Runkler, Thomas A. "PrefMap: Visualization of fuzzy pairwise preference structures." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 4027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200189.
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Fuzzy pairwise preferences are an important model to specify and process expert opinions. A fuzzy pairwise preference matrix contains degrees of preference of each option over each other option. Such degrees of preference are often numerically specified by domain experts. In decision processes it is highly desirable to be able to analyze such preference structures, in order to answer questions like: Which objects are most or least preferred? Are there clusters of options with similar preference? Are the preferences consistent or partially contradictory? An important approach for such analysis is visualization. The goal is to produce good visualizations of preference matrices in order to better understand the expert opinions, to easily identify favorite or less favorite options, to discuss and address inconsistencies, or to reach consensus in group decision processes. Standard methods for visualization of preferences are matrix visualization and chord diagrams, which are not suitable for larger data sets, and which are not able to visualize clusters or inconsistencies. To overcome this drawback we propose PrefMap, a new method for visualizing preference matrices. Experiments with nine artificial and real–world preference data sets indicate that PrefMap yields good visualizations that allow to easily identify favorite and less favorite options, clusters, and inconsistencies, even for large data sets.
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ROSSI, MAURO. "Degrees of Preference and Degrees of Preference Satisfaction." Utilitas 23, no. 3 (August 17, 2011): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820811000161.
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The standard view holds that the degree to which an individual's preferences are satisfied is simply the degree to which the individual prefers the prospect that is realized to the other prospects in her preference domain. In this article, I reject the standard view by showing that it violates one fundamental intuition about degrees of preference satisfaction.
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Radoš, Sonja, Marija Zdraveva, and Iris Žeželj. "Status Dynamics in the Classroom: Roma Children’s Implicit and Explicit Preference for Majority Children Across Age Groups." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119828498.
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Roma children are often segregated within the Serbian education system: They are disproportionally placed in special schools or put in ethnically homogeneous classrooms. Even in nonsegregated environments, they face everyday discrimination—an 80% dropout rate from elementary school testifies to that. Being a stigmatized minority might contribute to negative social identity, manifested in reversed in-group–out-group preferences. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated (a) if Roma children exhibit implicit/explicit preference for the majority group, and compared their preferences with those of majority children; (b) if these preferences differ in two age groups (second/third and seventh-grade elementary school); and (c) if they relate to academic self-efficacy. A total of 89 children completed the implicit associations test (IAT) test, three measures of explicit ethnic preference (semantic differential, feeling thermometer, and social distance), and a measure of academic self-efficacy. While Serbian children showed consistent explicit and implicit in-group preference, in Roma, we found out-group preferences on both sets of measures. Age-wise, the older group of Roma showed less explicit out-group preferences only in social distance, but not in other measures; the older children showed higher implicit out-group preference (Roma), and slightly lower implicit in-group preference (Serbs), in comparison with the younger. Finally, implicit, but not explicit, out-group preference predicted lower academic self-efficacy in Roma. Our findings demonstrate that out-group preference in Roma children is a robust phenomenon, and that implicit preference is stronger with age. This implies that schooling alone will not reduce negative social identity and that the minority children need to be strategically empowered.
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Arlegi, Ricardo, and Jorge Nieto. "Incomplete preferences and the preference for flexibility." Mathematical Social Sciences 41, no. 2 (March 2001): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4896(00)00058-5.
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Jonsson, Petur O. "On meta-preferences and incomplete preference maps." International Advances in Economic Research 2, no. 2 (May 1996): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02295050.
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Pettit, Philip. "Preference, Deliberation and Satisfaction." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 59 (July 31, 2006): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246106059078.
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In his famous lecture on ‘The Concept of Preference’ Amartya Sen (1982) opened up the topic of preference and preference-satisfaction to critical, philosophical debate. He pointed out that preference in the sense in which choice reveals one’s preference need not be preference in the sense in which people are personally better off for having their preferences satisfied. And on the basis of that observation he built a powerful critique of some common assumptions in welfare economics.
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Elkin, E. B., S. Lee, E. S. Casper, D. Kissane, N. E. Kemeny, and D. Schrag. "Treatment decision-making preferences in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 8519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8519.
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8519 Background: Shared decision-making is a tenet of contemporary oncology practice. However, it is uncertain how involved elderly patients want to be in making treatment decisions and how physicians perceive patient preferences for involvement in decision-making. Methods: In structured interviews about multiple facets of chemotherapy treatment decision-making, we asked patients age 70 and older seen at our specialty cancer center with a recent diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) about their preferences for making treatment decisions. We used Degner’s control preference scale to measure patient preference for decision control. Treating oncologists described their perception of each patient’s preference for decision control using the same scale. Control preference was assessed in relation to socio-demographic characteristics and functional status. Results: Of 52 patients interviewed, the mean age was 76 years (range 70–89), 52% were male, 60% were educated beyond high school and 25% required some help with activities of daily living (ADL). Preferences for involvement in treatment decision-making demonstrated marked variation (Table). Compared with female patients, males expressed a stronger preference for decision control (p<0.05). Preference for decision control was somewhat greater in patients under age 80, those with more education, and those with no ADL impairment, but these associations were not statistically significant. In 26% of cases, the treating physician’s perception and the patient’s expressed preference for decision control were concordant. Conclusions: In older patients with advanced CRC, preference for control in treatment decision-making shows marked heterogeneity and some correlation with socio-demographic characteristics and functional status. Physicians’ perceptions of patient preference for decision control are often inconsistent with patients’ actual preferences. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Dhamal, Swapnil, and Y. Narahari. "Scalable Preference Aggregation in Social Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 1 (November 3, 2013): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v1i1.13074.
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In social choice theory, preference aggregation refers to computing an aggregate preference over a set of alternatives given individual preferences of all the agents. In real-world scenarios, it may not be feasible to gather preferences from all the agents. Moreover, determining the aggregate preference is computationally intensive. In this paper, we show that the aggregate preference of the agents in a social network can be computed efficiently and with sufficient accuracy using preferences elicited from a small subset of critical nodes in the network. Our methodology uses a model developed based on real-world data obtained using a survey on human subjects, and exploits network structure and homophily of relationships. Our approach guarantees good performance for aggregation rules that satisfy a property which we call expected weak insensitivity. We demonstrate empirically that many practically relevant aggregation rules satisfy this property. We also show that two natural objective functions in this context satisfy certain properties, which makes our methodology attractive for scalable preference aggregation over large scale social networks. We conclude that our approach is superior to random polling while aggregating preferences related to individualistic metrics, whereas random polling is acceptable in the case of social metrics.
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XIA, MEIMEI, and ZESHUI XU. "MANAGING HESITANT INFORMATION IN GDM PROBLEMS UNDER FUZZY AND MULTIPLICATIVE PREFERENCE RELATIONS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 21, no. 06 (December 2013): 865–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488513500402.
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In the process of group decision making (GDM), preference relations (e.g. fuzzy preference relation and multiplicative preference relation) are very popular tools to express decision makers' preferences, especially when a set of alternatives (or criteria) are compared. However, most of the existing preference relations don't consider the hesitancy information, which allows the decision makers to provide all the possible values when comparing two alternatives (or criteria), and is a common situation in daily life. In this paper, we first define the concept of hesitant fuzzy preference relation and study its properties, based on which we give an approach to GDM. Motivated by the multiplicative preference relation and the hesitant fuzzy set, we introduce the hesitant multiplicative set and develop a series of hesitant multiplicative aggregation operators. Hesitant multiplicative preference relation is also defined to provide decision makers a very useful tool to express their hesitant preferences over alternatives, and then is applied to GDM. Additionally, an example is given to illustrate our results.
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Pettit, Philip. "“Preference, Deliberation and Satisfaction”." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 59 (September 2006): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100009498.
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In his famous lecture on ‘The Concept of Preference’ Amartya Sen (1982) opened up the topic of preference and preferencesatisfaction to critical, philosophical debate. He pointed out that preference in the sense in which choice reveals one's preference need not be preference in the sense in which people are personally better off for having their preferences satisfied. And on the basis of that observation he built a powerful critique of some common assumptions in welfare economics.
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Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian, Stefan A. Lipman, Werner B. F. Brouwer, and Arthur E. Attema. "Trust me; I know what I am doing investigating the effect of choice list elicitation and domain-relevant training on preference reversals in decision making for others." European Journal of Health Economics 22, no. 5 (March 20, 2021): 679–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01283-3.
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AbstractOne core assumption of standard economic theory is that an individual’s preferences are stable, irrespective of the method used to elicit them. This assumption may be violated if preference reversals are observed when comparing different methods to elicit people’s preferences. People may then prefer A over B using one method while preferring B over A using another. Such preference reversals pose a significant problem for theoretical and applied research. We used a sample of medical and economics students to investigate preference reversals in the health and financial domain when choosing patients/clients. We explored whether preference reversals are associated with domain-relevant training and tested whether using guided ‘choice list’ elicitation reduces reversals. Our findings suggest that preference reversals were more likely to occur for medical students, within the health domain, and for open-ended valuation questions. Familiarity with a domain reduced the likelihood of preference reversals in that domain. Although preference reversals occur less frequently within specialist domains, they remain a significant theoretical and practical problem. The use of clearer valuation procedures offers a promising approach to reduce preference reversals.
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Han, Sang-Il, and In Cheol Jang. "An Analysis of University Students’ Preference for Career Development Ladder in International Development and Cooperation." Association of Global Studies Education 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 49–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19037/agse.14.4.03.
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This study aims to analyze the relationship in each level of Career Ladder preference based on the results of career preference survey with 100 university students, and intends to bring the implications for creating development cooperation ecosystem. The study helps systematize the constitution of career ladder, ODA human resource development, and support job seekers’ career development paths. This study employs AHP analysis based on the survey results to produce the career ladder preference for each level, and conducts a comparative analysis of preference average and preference regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, it identifies the preference within each level of Career Ladder and finds statistically significant preference depending on individuals’ characteristics. When it comes to the relationship between career levels, university students, who would like to work at KOICA and the International Organizations, have different career preferences in the Level 1 and 2, respectively. As career preferences in Level 1-2 are interconnected with the Level 3 preference, a career development plan is strategically required to raise the awareness of ODA ecosystem and development cooperation.
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Farasa, Nisa. "PERBEDAAN PREFERENSI ANTARA STATED PREFERENCE DAN REVEALED PREFERENCE DEWASA MUDA TERHADAP RUMAH TINGGAL." Jurnal Koridor 8, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v8i2.1338.
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Rumah sebagai kebutuhan utama manusia di mana rumah juga sebagai tempat sarana pembinaan keluarga. Di dalam rumah terjadi banyak kegiatan yang juga dapat menggambarkan fungsi dari rumah. Fungsi rumah ini erat kaitannya dengan siklus hidup manusia dimana mereka memasuki fase-fase hidup mereka. Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman, fungsi rumah tinggal kini tergantung pada persepsi penghuninya. Preferensi orang terhadap hunian kini berkembang mengikuti keinginan masing- masing calon penghuni baik dari kalangan orang tua maupun dewasa muda. Begitu juga dengan yang belum memiliki rumah maupun yang sudah memiliki rumah, tentu menunjukkan preferensi yang berbeda juga. Artikel penelitian ini bertujuan mencari perbedaan antara preferensi dewasa muda jika dalam keadaan belum memiliki rumah (stated preference)dengan preferensi seseorang yang sudah pernah memiliki rumah (revealed preference). Kalangan dewasa muda akan dipilih menjadi subjek penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei kuesioner online yang dibagikan secara bebas (non-random sampling).Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif kemudian di cari hubungan antar kategori dengan dianalisis korespondensi. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa kategori kunci yang bersifat estetik,angan-angan dan memotivasi penghuni (seperti segi tipe desain, tipe lokasi lahan,keberadaan lingkungan alami dll) cenderung mengarah pada preferensi seseorang yang belum pernah memiliki rumah atau stated preference. Sedangkan kategori kunci yang sifatnya kebutuhan pokok, kondisi real/nyata (seperti kondisi eksternal lokasi, aksebilitas, dekat dengan fasum, kebutuhan ruang dll) cenderung mengarah pada preferensi seseorang yang sudah pernah memiliki rumah atau revealed preference.
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Kreitner, Roy. "Anti-preferences." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2021-0024.
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Abstract This Article offers a critical evaluation of preference satisfaction as a frame for normative thinking. It begins with an internal critique of the way preferences work in normative economics, distinguishing among three elements: welfare; preferences; and choices. For preference satisfaction to work well, it must be able to bridge two gaps, one between choice and preferences, and another between preferences and welfare. In contexts where both those gaps are bridged, preference satisfaction offers a workable normative framework; where at least one of those gaps is unbridgeable, the framework should be treated with extreme caution if not jettisoned altogether. The Article then goes on to pursue an external critique, by asking what price we pay for using the preference satisfaction framework when it appears to perform well. The point of the critique is that even when preference satisfaction provides a good normative framework on its own terms, the framework obscures considerations that should not be ignored. By pursuing one concrete example, the Article shows how broad considerations regarding the implications of the regime of wage labor are absent from legal contemplation when labor law is imagined and shaped through the lens of preference satisfaction. The Article concludes with a speculation about how different theories of welfare might be employed in concert, rather than as alternatives. It suggests that a pluralism of theory is a way to expose the political stakes in the kinds of policy discussion where preference satisfaction is often a dominant way of thinking.
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Chen, Chun-Wei. "A Feasibility Discussion: Is ML Suitable for Predicting Sustainable Patterns in Consumer Product Preferences?" Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 3983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053983.
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In the era when product design must meet the needs of consumers, the products preferred by consumers are an important source of design creativity and design reference for product designers to design products. Therefore, how to effectively grasp the products that consumers prefer has become an important issue for product designers. In order to allow designers to have more convenient and accurate consumer preference product prediction tools, this study proposed machine learning (ML) to analyze and predict sustainable patterns in consumer product preferences and conducted a feasibility study on the use of ML for predicting sustainable patterns in consumer product preferences. A total of three experiments were carried out in this study: the KJ method to predict consumer product preference experiment, the AHP method to predict consumer product preference experiment, and ML to predict consumer product preference experiment. This study uses the three experiments to discuss and compare the prediction ability of ML and the current commonly used forecasting tools, namely the KJ method and AHP method. The research results show that no matter what kind of consumer product attribute preference is predicted, the accuracy rate of consumer product preference prediction by ML is much higher than that of the KJ method and AHP method. These research results show that no matter the product attribute dimension, ML has the ability to predict consumer preferences, and ML has a better ability to predict consumer preferences than traditional tools. Therefore, this study believes that ML can be used to analyze and predict sustainable patterns in consumer product preferences. Therefore, this study suggests that product designers can use ML technology to assist in the analysis and prediction of consumer product preferences, so as to improve the grasp of consumer preference products.
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Chen, Hui, Jian Huang, Qingshan Deng, Jing Wang, Leilei Kong, and Xiaozheng Deng. "Multi-granularity user interest modeling and interest drift detection." Intelligent Data Analysis 27, no. 2 (March 15, 2023): 555–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ida-216517.
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Since the advent of Web 2.0 culture, there as been an explosion of data on the internet. The traditional service model based on the search engine can no longer meet the increasing demand for personalized service. Taking the Douban film review platform as an example in this paper, we propose a method to model user preferences and detect preference drift. Based on a hierarchical topic tree and tilted time window, we design a hierarchical classification tree, named HAT-tree, to maintain the history of the user’s preferences at multi-topic and multi-time granularity. We identify the user’s primary historical preferences, predict their future primary preferences and also detect user preference drift. The proposed algorithm can find the user’s long-term and short-term preferences, detect the user’s explicit and implicit preference drift, and highlight the importance of the user’s more recent preferences. Many experiments are carried out on multiple data sets, and the experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate than other similar algorithms of user preference drift detection.
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Col, Nananda F., Andrew J. Solomon, Vicky Springmann, Carolina Ionete, Enrique Alvarez, Brenda Tierman, Christen Kutz, et al. "Evaluation of a Novel Preference Assessment Tool for Patients with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 20, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2017-021.
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AbstractBackground:We developed a preference assessment tool to help assess patient goals, values, and preferences for multiple sclerosis (MS) management. All preference items in the tool were generated by people with MS. The aim of this study was to evaluate this tool in a national sample of people with MS.Methods:English-speaking patients with MS aged 21 to 75 years with access to the internet were recruited. Participants completed the preference tool online, which included separate modules assessing three core preference areas: treatment goals, preferences for attributes of disease-modifying therapies, and factors influencing a change in treatment. The tool generated a summary of participants' treatment goals and preferences. Immediately after viewing the summary, participants were asked to evaluate the tool. Rankings of preference domains were compared with rankings obtained in another study.Results:In 135 people with MS who completed the tool and evaluation, the highest ranked goal was brain health (memory, thinking, brain), followed by disability concerns (walking, strength, vision). Rankings were highly similar to those in the referent study. Nearly all participants reported that the tool helped them understand their goals and priorities regarding MS and that the summary appropriately reflected what is important to them. Most participants (87%) wanted to discuss their treatment goals and priorities with their clinician.Conclusions:This preference assessment tool successfully captured patients' goals, values, and preferences for MS treatment and could potentially be used to help patients communicate their preferences to their clinician.
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Fung, C. Victor. "Undergraduate Nonmusic Majors' World Music Preference and Multicultural Attitudes." Journal of Research in Music Education 42, no. 1 (April 1994): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345336.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between world music preferences and multicultural attitudes of nonmusic-major undergraduate students. The World Music Preference Inventory (WMPI) and the Multicultural Attitude Inventory (MAI) were administered to 50 undergraduate nonmusic majors. Two scores were determined from the WMPI (composite preference and composite correct identification) for eight world music style categories: Africa, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Middle East, and Thailand. No significant correlations were found between the composite preference score and composite correct identification score. There was, however, a significant correlation between the composite preference score and the composite MAI score. Furthermore, significant correlations were found among the preference subscores of all style categories, indicating that subjects' preferences for the eight world musical style categories were similar. Analyses revealed that there was a significantly higher degree of preference for instrumental excerpts than for vocal excerpts.
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Robitaille, Marie-Claire, and Ishita Chatterjee. "Do spouses influence each other's stated son preference?" Indian Growth and Development Review 13, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 561–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-06-2018-0062.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand the motivations behind married men preferring sons and to quantify the association between a couple’s stated son preferences. Son preference is an endemic problem in India. With half a million female foetuses aborted each year, the root causes of son preference in India have been widely studied. Little is known, however, on how couples mutually decide on their desired child sex-ratio. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the third National Family and Health Survey, the authors apply three-stage least square and optimal general method of moment methods to demonstrate association. Robustness checks are performed on plausibly exogenous instrumental variables and selection issues in the marriage market. Findings The authors show that their spouse's son preference is by far the most significant factor associated with a person's own stated son preference. The association between spouse's stated son preference is observed only for couples being married for three to five years. It is postulated that this is the critical period when sex-selective abortion decisions are being made. Originality/value The focus of existing empirical studies is nearly always on the mother's son preference only. The hypothesis is that spouses mutually influence each other’s preferences and models estimating determinants of son preference should include preferences of both spouses. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to understand the motivations of married men towards preferring sons and quantify the association between spouse's stated son preference and respondent's stated son preference.
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Ruiz, Luis Miguel, Jose Luis Graupera, Juan Antonio Moreno, and Isabel Rico. "Social Preferences for Learning among Adolescents in Secondary Physical Education." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.29.1.3.
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The purpose of the current study was to explore social interaction preferences for learning in Physical Education (PE) among Spanish secondary students. The sample consists of 6,654 students (3,500 girls and 3,154 boys, aged 12–17 years) from public and private urban and rural schools in two communities in Spain. All participants completed the Graupera/Ruiz Scale of Social Interaction Preferences in PE Learning (GR–SIPPEL) which explores four learning preference dimensions: cooperation, competition, affiliation, and individualism. Results indicated that the ordinal profile of students’ preferences in PE classes was: cooperative (very high preference), competitive and affiliate (high-moderate preference), and individualistic (moderate-low preference). Gender differences emerged: girls were less competitive and individualistic than boys, and slightly more cooperative and affiliate. Weak grade level differences were also observed.
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Gan, Yonghong, Yibin Zheng, and Lihui Zhang. "Audio-Visual Analysis of Visitors’ Landscape Preference for City Parks: A Case Study from Zhangzhou, China." Forests 13, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091376.
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Soundscape perception is increasingly recognized as an important part of landscape preference and environmental experience. However, few studies have juxtaposed visual landscape preference and soundscape preference to compare their contributions to overall landscape preference. This paper aims to quantify and compare the contribution of audiovisual perception to visitors’ overall park landscape preference. The landscape preferences of visitors at seven sample sites in a city park were investigated through field questionnaires in three dimensions: visual landscape, acoustic landscape, and audiovisual landscape. The results showed that visitors’ visual landscape preference (VLP = 7.53) was generally higher than soundscape preference (SP = 7.08), while the influence of auditory preference (57%) on overall landscape preference (OLP) was found to be greater than that of visual preference (43%). The ratio of audio/visual contribution to the overall landscape preference decreased as the average sound level of the sample sites increased. Of all the population characteristics, only the educational level (sig = 0.034) could be used as an effective predictor of OLP (Impact coefficient = −0.103). In addition, older visitors rated OLP lower than young visitors, and females rated OLP lower than males. It was found that visual harmony, color richness, color contrast, plant coverage, and plant diversity were the main visual landscape attributes that influenced visitors’ visual preferences, while acoustic harmony, quietness, sound vitality, and acoustic richness were the main soundscape attributes that impacts visitors’ auditory preference. The results of this study may be useful for park landscape design and regeneration.
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Kirkpatrick, Mark, and Maria R. Servedio. "The Reinforcement of Mating Preferences on an Island." Genetics 151, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 865–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.2.865.
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Abstract We develop a haploid model for the reinforcement of female mating preferences on an island that receives migrants from a continent. We find that preferences will evolve to favor island males under a broad range of conditions: when the average male display trait on the island and continent differ, when the preference acts on that difference, and when there is standing genetic variance for the preference. A difference between the mean display trait on the continent and on the island is sufficient to drive reinforcement of preferences. Additional postzygotic isolation, caused, for example, by either epistatic incompatibility or ecological selection against hybrids, will amplify reinforcement but is not necessary. Under some conditions, the degree of preference reinforcement is a simple function of quantities that can be estimated entirely from phenotypic data. We go on to study how postzygotic isolation caused by epistatic incompatibilities affects reinforcement of the preference. With only one pair of epistatic loci, reinforcement is enhanced by tighter linkage between the preference genes and the genes causing hybrid incompatibility. Reinforcement of the preference is also affected by the number of epistatically interacting genes involved in incompatibility, independent of the overall intensity of selection against hybrids.
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Simon, Jay, Donald Saari, and L. Robin Keller. "Interdependent Altruistic Preference Models." Decision Analysis 17, no. 3 (September 2020): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/deca.2020.0411.
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Altruistic preferences or the desire to improve the well‐being of others even at one’s own expense can be difficult to incorporate into traditional value and utility models. It is straightforward to construct a multiattribute preference structure for one decision maker that includes the outcomes experienced by others. However, when multiple individuals incorporate one another’s well‐being into their decision making, this creates complex interdependencies that must be resolved before the preference models can be applied. We provide representation theorems for additive altruistic value functions for two-person, n-person, and group outcomes in which multiple individuals are altruistic. We find that in most cases it is possible to resolve the preference interdependencies and that modeling the preferences of altruistic individuals and groups is tractable.
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Furnham, Adrian. "Food Preferences and Dark-side Personality Traits." Psychology and Mental Health Care 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/148.
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This study investigated the association between a variety of taste preferences and the Dark Triad personality traits. We noted over twenty studies that linked personality to taste/beverage preference and experience. In this study just under 200 participants completed a personality and food preference questionnaire. Results demonstrated that dark side traits accounted for around ten percent of the variance in tastes, including bitter and sweet as well as alcohol and coffee strength preferences. For a number of the taste preference measures sensation seeking and harm aversive personality traits were particularly influential in determining taste preferences. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Sclafani, Anthony, and Karen Ackroff. "Greater reductions in fat preferences in CALHM1 than CD36 knockout mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 315, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): R576—R585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00015.2018.
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Several studies indicate an important role of gustation in intake and preference for dietary fat. The present study compared fat preference deficits produced by deletion of CD36, a putative fatty acid taste receptor, and CALHM1, an ion channel responsible for release of the ATP neurotransmitter used by taste cells. Naïve CD36 knockout (KO) mice displayed reduced preferences for soybean oil emulsions (Intralipid) at low concentrations (0.1–1%) compared with wild-type (WT) mice in 24 h/day two-bottle tests. CALHM1 KO mice displayed even greater Intralipid preference deficits compared with WT and CD36 KO mice. These findings indicate that there may be another taste receptor besides CD36 that contributes to fat detection and preference. After experience with concentrated fat (2.5–5%), CD36 KO and CALHM1 KO mice displayed normal preferences for 0.1–5% fat, although they still consumed less fat than WT mice. The experience-induced rescue of fat preferences in KO mice can be attributed to postoral fat conditioning. Short-term (3-min) two-bottle tests further documented the fat preference deficits in CALHM1 KO mice but also revealed residual preferences for concentrated fat (5–10%), which may be mediated by odor and/or texture cues.
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Anisah, Tiara Nur, and Miswanto Miswanto. "Perceived intrusiveness, consumer attention, and intent to purchase: The moderating effect of celebrity preferences." Sebelas Maret Business Review 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/smbr.v6i2.57401.
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<p>This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of celebrity preferences on the relationship between perceived intrusiveness, consumer attention, and intent to purchase by applying Stimulus-Organism-Responds (SOR) Theory as a foundation. A total of 310 questionnaires were used in this study. This study uses the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Analysis approach by dividing a sample into two groups: (1) preference and (2) non-preference. A total of 155 samples filled out advertisements that matched respondents’ preferences and 155 samples filled out advertisements that did not match respondents’ preferences. The finding of this study are: (a) perceived intrusiveness is negatively affects consumer attention, (b) consumer attention positively affect intent to purchase, (c) celebrity preference moderates the effect of perceived intrusiveness on consumer attention, in a way that the higher celebrity preference will reduce the effect of perceived intrusiveness on consumer attention, and (d) celebrity preference moderates the influence of consumer attention on intent to purchase, in a way that the higher celebrity preference will strengthen the influence of consumer attention on intent to purchase. This finding could indicate the presence of intrusive advertising if the ad matches the preferences of the audience, then the ad will still get the attention of the audience and even affect the consumer's intention to buy.</p>
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Raventós-Pujol, Armajac, María J. Campión, and Esteban Induráin. "Decomposition and Arrow-Like Aggregation of Fuzzy Preferences." Mathematics 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8030436.
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We analyze the concept of a fuzzy preference on a set of alternatives, and how it can be decomposed in a triplet of new fuzzy binary relations that represent strict preference, weak preference and indifference. In this setting, we analyze the problem of aggregation of individual fuzzy preferences in a society into a global one that represents the whole society and accomplishes a shortlist of common-sense properties in the spirit of the Arrovian model for crisp preferences. We introduce a new technique that allows us to control a fuzzy preference by means of five crisp binary relations. This leads to an Arrovian impossibility theorem in this particular fuzzy setting.
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Gao, Yang, Christian M. Meyer, and Iryna Gurevych. "Preference-based interactive multi-document summarisation." Information Retrieval Journal 23, no. 6 (November 19, 2019): 555–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10791-019-09367-8.
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AbstractInteractive NLP is a promising paradigm to close the gap between automatic NLP systems and the human upper bound. Preference-based interactive learning has been successfully applied, but the existing methods require several thousand interaction rounds even in simulations with perfect user feedback. In this paper, we study preference-based interactive summarisation. To reduce the number of interaction rounds, we propose the Active Preference-based ReInforcement Learning (APRIL) framework. APRIL uses active learning to query the user, preference learning to learn a summary ranking function from the preferences, and neural Reinforcement learning to efficiently search for the (near-)optimal summary. Our results show that users can easily provide reliable preferences over summaries and that APRIL outperforms the state-of-the-art preference-based interactive method in both simulation and real-user experiments.
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Ferreira, Mateus Alberto Dorna de Oliveira, Laura Cozzi Ribeiro, Henrique Silva Schuffner, Matheus Pereira Libório, and Petr Iakovlevitch Ekel. "Fuzzy-Set-Based Multi-Attribute Decision-Making, Its Computing Implementation, and Applications." Axioms 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2024): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms13030142.
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This paper reflects the results of research analyzing models of multi-attribute decision-making based on fuzzy preference relations. Questions of constructing the corresponding multi-attribute models to deal with quantitative information concomitantly with qualitative information based on experts’ knowledge are considered. Human preferences may be represented within the fuzzy preference relations and by applying diverse other preference formats. Considering this, so-called transformation functions reduce any preference format to fuzzy preference relations. This paper’s results can be applied independently or as part of a general approach to solving a wide class of problems with fuzzy coefficients, as well as within the framework of a general scheme of multi-criteria decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. The considered techniques for fuzzy preference modeling are directed at assessing, comparing, choosing, prioritizing, and/or ordering alternatives. These techniques have served to develop a computing system for multi-attribute decision-making. It has been implemented in the C# programming language, utilizing the “.NET” framework. The computing system allows one to represent decision-makers’ preferences in one of five preference formats. These formats and quantitative estimates are reduced to nonreciprocal fuzzy preference relations, providing homogeneous preference information for decision procedures. This paper’s results have a general character and were applied to analyze power engineering problems.
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Zhou, Shenghai, Xuanhua Xu, Yanju Zhou, and Xiaohong Chen. "A Large Group Decision-Making Method Based on Fuzzy Preference Relation." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 16, no. 03 (April 20, 2017): 881–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021962201550039x.
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Aiming at the large group decision-making problem in which every decision maker compares pairwise alternatives with fuzzy preference relations, this paper proposes a fuzzy preference relation decision-making method of large group based on conflicts. Firstly, priority should be given to the preference difference under complex large group environment, so we define the conflict degree of two fuzzy preference relations, which contributes to cluster analysis on preferences of the decision maker and thus forms several different clusters. Based on this, we simulate and analyze the threshold of conflict degree. Then we develop the entropy weight method to get the relevant weight of each cluster, and use the weight to aggregate the cluster preferences in order to attain the large group preference based on fuzzy preference relation. Next, an iteration algorithm is introduced to find a solution which could acquire the group alternatives fuzzy preference relation of a certain conflict level and obtain the ranking result of alternatives. Finally, a case analysis is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed.
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Stubager, Rune. "Preference-Shaping: An Empirical Test." Political Studies 51, no. 2 (June 2003): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00422.
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According to Downs, parties are forced to accommodate the preferences of the voters in order to win elections. However, Dunleavy and Ward argue that it is also possible for a party to use preference-shaping strategies to bring the preferences of the voters in line with the party's position. Using structural equation modelling, preference-shaping theory is tested in relation to the effect of sales of council houses and shares in privatised companies on the electorate's attitudes to economic policies under the 1979–92 Conservative governments in Britain. The analyses provide little support for preference-shaping theory, which seems in need of respecification if it is to be maintained.