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1
Chien, Yung-hsin. "Probabilistic preference modeling /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Scott, Darcea. "Female consumers' awareness of and preference for brand name apparel." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101147.
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This study investigated female consumers’ awareness of and preference for brand name apparel, sought to determine the relationship between these variables and the purchase of brand name apparel, and attempted to determine the sample’s perceptions of branded apparel. The respondents’ brand name apparel awareness, preference, and perception were also investigated in relation to several demographic variables.
Women professors and secretaries employed at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI&SU) were chosen as the sample for this study. A questionnaire was developed to ascertain the needed information and was distributed to 471 women by the intercampus mail system during the summer of 1985. The sample consisted of 97 secretaries and 73 professors, for a total of 170 participants.
It was found that the brand name of apparel was unimportant to the sampled consumers in the purchase of dresses for the job, sleepwear and casual clothing. Within these classifications, consumers were generally more concerned with intrinsic garment features such as fit, construction, material, care, and style. Magazines were not found to be a major vehicle to provide clothing information, nor was magazine readership found to be related to the respondents’ levels of overall recognition and preference for name brand clothing. Consumers who were exposed to brand name apparel via media or store displays had a greater level of brand recognition and recall, which ultimately lead to greater preference for brand name apparel. Occupation and total household income were not found to be significant determinants of brand name awareness and preference.M.S.
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Tang, Yangyi. "The effectiveness of underdog brand positioning : how inspiration drives low-control consumers' preference for underdog brands." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/818.
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Many marketers choose to position their brands as underdogs instead of top dogs in the marketplace. Research shows that underdog positioning may help marketers to create competitive advantages, although when and why consumers respond favorability to such positioning strategy is not fully understood. While a handful of studies found that underdog positioning is more effective than top-dog positioning for certain types of brands or consumers, little is known about how consumers'psychological state may influence their responses to underdog positioning. Existing literature on underdog positioning mainly attributes consumers' favorable responses to its ability to elicit empathy for the brand, neglecting the potential benefit that consumers can gain from their underdog support. To address these gaps, this thesis examines how personal control influences consumers' responses to underdog (vs. top dog) positioning. It was proposed that brands positioned as underdogs are preferred over those positioned as top dogs by consumers whose personal control is low because underdog positioning can inspire those consumers to restore their threatened control. Five experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Experiment 1 demonstrates that when consumers' personal control is low, consumers prefer brands positioned as underdogs over those positioned as top dogs. Experiment 2 uncovers the underlying mechanism of the observed effect: The relative preference for underdog positioning among low-control consumers occurs because the passion and determination exemplified in such positioning can inspire those consumers to cope with their loss or lack of control. In line with this mechanism, Experiment 3 provides supportive evidence that the acquisition of the brand positioned as an underdog, but not the acquisition of the brand positioned as a top dog, increases low-control consumers'feelings of control. The last two experiments show that low-control consumers' relative preference for underdog positioning is further moderated by both their shopping orientation and the causal attribution for their loss of control. The findings of this thesis contribute to the growing research on underdog positioning and customer inspiration, and the results have practical implications for marketers in terms of effectiveness of marketing communications.
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Zhang, Liwen, Jinjing Song, and Xinyu Li. "Analysis of Chinese millennial consumers' preference for online advertising channel in China." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49999.
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An increasing number of foreign companies want to enter the Chinese market. Online advertising is one of the indispensable means of the company's operation and marketing, and foreign companies poorly understood the online advertising channels in China. Therefore, this study uses the AISAS model to study the preferences of Chinese millennial generation Taobao users for online advertising channels. And research through three dimensions are gender, city level and different product categories. Specifically, this research through online questionnaires and finally collected 150 samples, it was found that Chinese millennial generation Taobao users favored the promotion of WeChat public accounts, followed by Pre-movie adverts. Further, the study confirms that consumers do have preferences for online advertising choices and that they will change as they are placed on different e-commerce platforms. Based on the previous study's interpretation of preferences, the preferences are defined as five exact post behaviors to better evaluate consumers' choices for online advertising. Moreover, through data analysis, it is found that there are differences between male and female online advertising channels among Chinese millennial generation Taobao users. Females prefer online advertising channels that are interactive than males such as live streaming. Males prefer online advertising channels that are dominated by pictures/images for instance mini banners in App and Web. In addition, live streaming has an advantage in the household goods category.
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Turner, Hannah L. "Quantification of product color preference in a utility function." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Turner_09007dcc8078c48d.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 21, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-39).
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Warrington, Robert H. "The effect of outcome type on preference for improving sequences /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3026381.
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Makweya, Lesiba Florah. "Consumers preference and willingness to pay for graded beef in Polokwane Municipality of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3053.
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Thesis (M.Sc. ( Agricultural Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2019The demand for animal products is projected to increase progressively due to extensive urbanization, rapid growth of human population and income dynamics. However, the evolution of food demand is strictly linked to the change in consumer preferences. Consumers around the world are progressively becoming more concerned and aware about food standards, quality and safety issues. The purpose of this study was to determine consumers’ preference regarding safe and quality beef and WTP for graded beef in Polokwane municipality. The research surveyed 150 consumers using a structured questionnaire to collect data on consumer characteristics and responses to different bid levels for graded beef. Analytical methods were descriptive statistics, Likert scales, contingent valuation method to evaluate respondents’ mean WTP for graded beef and logit model to determine the dependence of WTP on socioeconomic factors. Results showed that consumers prefer their beef tender, with less fat and bones and labelled with price, grade/class, size or quantity of the product and lastly quality inspection or certification indicator. Over half of the respondents (53%) were aware of grading or classification systems. The results further revealed that most respondents are willing to pay an increase of 16.04 % over the current price for beef. This could be an opportunity for investments in beef label industry. Consumer characteristics including age, income, gender and household size significantly influenced WTP for graded beef in Polokwane Municipality. Marketing strategies considered by beef product investors should target young, female and wealthier consumers. Grading with respect to quality attributes would make beef sales at differentiated prices possible. This will eventually enhance sales volume and returns for all stakeholders along the value chain
National Research Fund
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Zanella, Chantal <1995>. "Nudging consumers: the social dimension role in affecting behaviors and preference construction." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15949.
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In the first chapters, the thesis describes the key concepts of behavioral economics, from its first introduction to its fundamentals passing trough the differences with the neoclassical economic view. So, after the definition of behavioral economics, the comparison between prospect theory and expected utility theory will be depicted, to later define the phenomenon of framing and the role of heuristics and biases in decisional processes. In the first part, all the basic concepts of behavioral economics will we explored, from the distinction between “Econ” and “Human” to the description of the dualism of the cognitive system and how this affects consumers behaviors.
Then, the nudge theory will be introduced as solution proposed by behavioral economists aimed at solving human irrationality problem in decision making process. It is built upon concepts of behavioral economics described in the previous part but it goes a step forward in the terms in which it tries to influence people lifestyle in order to reduce effects of their systematic errors.
In the last chapters the paper will analyze how, among other factors, the social dimension can affect behaviors and consumer preferences construction.
The last part will be dedicated to the recent diffusion and expansion of the topic of sustainability and in particular in the fashion sector. Accordingly to the previous chapters, this last one will analyze how this theme can be connected with the theory of nudges, especially it will focus on the possible role of the latter in reducing the gap between consumer attitude and behaviors towards sustainability, taking into consideration both companies (supply) and consumers (demand) side.
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Fernandes, Beatriz Fragoso. "Effect of food on wine preference by consumers - evaluation of typical portuguese ingredients." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13861.
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Mestrado em Viticultura e Enologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL / Faculdade de Ciências - Universidade do PortoThe present work intended to assess the influence food and physiological and demographic characteristics of the taster in wine preference according to sweetness and acidity as well as to segmentation based in. The panel test, with previous training, was established by 21 individuals grouped according to gender, saliva production, PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) sensibility and vinotype. Using a 2 ascending forced choice method, we verified that the preference for red wine with and without sugar was not affected by food, where we obtained a rejection threshold of 18.4 g/L of sugar. In white wines, tasters did not show significant preference for the wine with added tartaric acid (between 0.8 and 3.2 g/L) regarding the control wine in presence or absence of food. However, a tendency was observed for the increasing preference of the wine spiked with 1.6 g/L of tartaric acid after ingesting the food. The segmentation effect regarding the intensity and appreciation of added tartaric acid to white wine allowed to observe significant correlations (p<0.05) between the saliva production and vinotype only in appreciation. The individuals with low saliva production (<3.5 g/min) preferred the most acidic wines. In vinotype, the acid appreciation increased according to the sequence "hypersensitive” > ”sensitive” > “tolerant”. Lastly, 3 red commercial red wines were evaluated with food, by a trained panel test and by an untrained panel test trough ranking order classification. The statistical analysis of the results (Friedman test) did not reveal differences in ranking before and after food. The Pearson’s 𝑋2 test did not evidence changes in the appreciation of each wine before and after food. Regarding each taster, the Spearman correlation coefficient showed, in the trained panel with 21 tasters, 5 changed the wine position in the ranking. In the non-trained panel this change was observed in 10 out of 22 tasters. These results suggest that the variability of responses in each panel by not showing the effect of food on wine ranking, did not reveal individual preferences
N/A
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BASELICE, ANTONIO. "EU consumers' perception of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables attributes: a choice experiment model." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/338363.
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Abstract: This thesis aims to study consumers’ perception in relation to fresh-cut fruit and
vegetables consumption. In the first part of the work, the main features of the European freshcut
fruit and vegetables market are discussed, paying more focus on the Italian demand of fruit
and vegetables. The middle part is mainly represented by a systematic review of the literature
investigating factors affecting the food choice decisions of adults in relation to fruit and
vegetable consumption, with more emphasis to fresh-cut produces. Finally, there is the
experimental part, in which European consumers’ preferences of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables
are investigated through an econometric analysis.
The fresh-cut sector is constantly evolving and innovating in order to enhance quality and
safety of products, which attributes are generally valued by consumers. Quality and safety are
multifaceted attributes because they arise from a wide set of methods/technologies, therefore
the knowledge about consumers’ preferences for food technologies is still matter of debate.
The main objective of this thesis it to test whether new fresh-cut fruit and vegetables
attributes influence consumers’ choices and preferences. At the same time, we are able to verify
the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on consumers’ preferences.
A Latent Class Multinomial Logit Model has been fitted for almost 1.500 consumers of
four different European countries: Greece, Italy, Spain and United Kingdom, in order to divide
the consumers in different latent classes based on their choice and their characteristics.
Fresh-cut F&V consumers for the four European countries, have a similar behavior in
terms of preferences. We can divide the consumers in two different latent classes: the first made
by consumers that do not appreciate any fresh-cut F&V attributes, and the second that include
consumers that appreciate the several fresh-cut F&V attributes. Even if the cross-country
comparison of consumers’ preferences has not produced substantial differences across the
different countries, socio-demographic characteristics influence the perception of consumers
about the consumption of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables.
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Ding, Qing Shan. "The effects of country of origin, consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity on product preference and willingness to buy." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9018.
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This study's primary aim is to explain Urban Adult Chinese Consumers' preference between foreign and Chinese products. It examines how Country of Origin (COO), Consumer Ethnocentrism (CE) and Consumer Animosity (CA) influence Urban Adult Chinese Consumers' product preference and willingness to buy. The existing knowledge is divided on this issue. By reviewing the relevant literature, it is clear that there are two completely different approaches of investigating the impact of COO on Chinese consumers. The researcher of this current study classified the two opposing methods as 'the simplistic approach' and 'the cautious approach'. Studies follow 'the simplistic approach' firmly believe Chinese consumers overwhelmingly evaluate foreign products positively and they have a strong preference for foreign products. Research follows 'the cautious approach' argues that Chinese consumers' complexity and internal differences cannot be ignored, some of them prefer Chinese products and they cannot be simply considered as in favour of foreign products. Past studies all concluded that Chinese consumers hold low to moderate level of CE beliefs. However, two investigations concluded Chinese consumers harbour strong animosity towards the Japanese. This study follows the philosophical understanding of pragmatism. The research questions are the most important factors that determine the research strategy and quantitative and qualitative methods can complement each other to address the research problem. This study employs a concurrent embedded mixed methods research strategy that consists of a street survey and semi-structured interviews. Due to the distribution pattern of the quantitative data, this study used non-parametric analysis methods including: Chi-Square Test for Independence, Spearman's Rank Order Correlations, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis Test. The qualitative section of the investigation focuses on four issues: how Urban Adult Chinese Consumers (UACC) determine whether a product is foreign or Chinese, sources and background of animosity, the impact of domestic alternatives and areas for Chinese products to improve. This study discovered that UACC's preference between foreign and Chinese products remain divided. They cannot be simply considered overwhelmingly in favour of foreign products or prefer Chinese products. For those UACC have a preference for foreign products, quality and design are the main two reasons. Desire to support China's domestic industry and patriotism are the main driving forces behind some UACC's preference of Chinese products. UACC holds low to moderate level of CE beliefs, which suggests they are worldminded consumers that capable of evaluate foreign products based on merits, without strong negative bias. UACC have strong animosity towards the Japanese, but antagonistic sentiments towards the Americans and French are relatively low. There are complex sources of animosity and this study identified a wide range of factors that contributed to UACC's strong animosity towards the Japanese. The main area of original contribution of this study concentrates on Consumer Animosity. It discovered a wide range of sources of animosity towards the Japanese and constructed an enhanced animosity model.
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Lans, Ivo A. van der. "Nonlinear multivariate analysis for multiattribute preference data." [Leiden] : DSWO Press, Leiden University, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28733326.html.
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Wu, Ka U. "Studying the relationship between color preference and willingness-to-pay price of Chinese consumers." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2162010.
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Wu, Fan, and 吴凡. "Determinants of environmental preference by housing consumers in Guangzhou, China, using analytic hierarchy process." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47299861.
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This study analyzes the determinants of housing environmental preference by
consumers in Guangzhou, China. Preferences of different housing environments
have been well researched by scholars in architecture, urban planning, and urban
environmental science. However, few studies shed light on housing environment
by measuring physical/tangible and social/intangible attributes with hierarchy
models. Based on the literatures on housing environment, preference, satisfaction
and housing quality, this thesis explores the housing environment preference by
identifying the environmental attributes which are grouped into three categories:
mobility, community facility, and community social capital.
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to estimate the relative
importance of those environmental attributes, which are further organized into a
hierarchical structure. Housing consumers and property experts in Guangzhou
participate in the survey and they represent a wide spectrum of environmental
performance demands as well as socio-environmental backgrounds in the sample.
Statistical weights of the factors based on their judgments are then generated.
It is found that mobility factors, including public traffic network, proximity to
workplace, have dominant importance in the housing environment. Social capital
factors and facility factors, including sense of safety, medical and health facility,
and education facility are also regarded important. Property experts and
consumers have diverse perspectives on the demand of end users as they represent
different interest groups. Furthermore, different age groups of housing consumers
attach different relative importance to the factors studied.
This study develops a method to assess the relative importance of the environment
factors in housing preferences, and provides a useful tool in the field of
environmental assessment. Instead of measuring the monetary value of different
attributes in the market, the findings of this thesis help to understand the general
demand pattern and preferences of consumers in the housing market based on
multidimensional values and benefits. It is hoped that the findings will offer
more information for urban planners and housing developers from a social and
cultural perspective.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Blanckenberg, Anelle. "Preference of Western Cape Province consumers for the eating quality and appearance of pears." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98064.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Our study aimed to determine the preference of Western Cape consumers for the eating quality and appearance of pears. Identifying the main sensory drivers of liking and consumer groupings with similar preferences may allow the pear industry to target specific markets and increase local consumption, which is stagnating at relatively low levels. Our first trial included 9 European pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) and one Asian pear cultivar (P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nak.). These were chosen to represent a wide range of characteristics in order to identify the main sensory drivers of liking and possible consumer groupings. The majority of the 421 consumers, irrespective of gender, ethnicity and age, preferred pears with a distinct pear flavour, a sweet taste, a fair amount of malic acid, soft, juicy flesh with melt character, and a yellow or pale green peel colour with a typical pear shape. Astringency, sourness and grittiness negatively affected consumer preference. None of the pears were mealy and therefore we could not assess this characteristic. Two consumer clusters with similar preferences for eating quality and also for appearance were identified. In terms of eating quality, group 1 (55% of consumers) indicated a liking for a wide range of cultivars with poorly defined likes and dislikes. Group 2 (45% of consumers), in contrast, had a high liking for the eating quality of a small selection of cultivars while disliking the rest. Based on the preferences for appearance, group 1 (61% of consumers) again indicated a liking for a wide range of cultivars. Group 2 (39% of consumers) scored the most familiar cultivars, viz. Bon Chretien and Packham’s Triumph, very high and the other cultivars much lower than group 1. The objective of our second study was to investigate consumer preference for firm, juicy pears compared to soft pears with a melt character and to identify which of ‘Forelle’, ‘Packham’s Triumph’ and ‘Abate Fetel’ is best suited to either option. Pears were harvested within the commercial harvest window (H1) (flesh firmness at 6- 6.8kg, 6.4-7kg and 6-6.8kg respectively) and again a month later (H2). H1 and H2 pears were ripened at room temperature (20 ºC) for seven or one day, respectively. More consumers (67%) correlated positively with melt character, juiciness, overall pear flavour and sweet taste. These characteristics were the most prominent in H1 ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pears while H2 fruit were much firmer, but lower in preferred flavour characteristics. There is, however, also a market for crisp and juicy pears as 33% of the consumers showed a preference for these characteristics. ‘Forelle’ and ‘Abate Fetel’ could both be suitable for this market. ‘Forelle’ was preferred firm, probably because H1 soft pears were more astringent and sour as well as less juicy than H2. There was no difference in preference between H1 and H2 in ‘Abate Fetel’. In conclusion, most Western Cape consumers prefer European pears with the characteristic soft, melting texture, but a third of consumers seem to like firm, juicy pears. Hence, there is opportunity to develop a market for tree-ripe and Asian pears, but marketing will be needed to overcome appearance preferences.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ons studie was daarop gemik om die voorkeur van Wes-Kaap verbruikers vir die eetkwaliteit en voorkoms van pere te bepaal. Die identifisering van die belangrikste sensoriese drywers van smaakvoorkeure en verbruikersgroepe met soortgelyke voorkeure kan die peerbedryf toelaat om spesifieke markte te teiken en plaaslike verbruik te verhoog, wat tans op relatief lae vlakke stagneer. Ons eerste proef het 9 Europese peer kultivars (Pyrus communis L.) en een Asiatiese peer kultivar (P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nak.) ingesluit. Die kultivars is gekies om 'n wye verskeidenheid eienskappe te verteenwoordig sodat die belangrikste drywers van sensoriese smaakvoorkeure en moontlike verbruikersgroeperings geïdentifiseer kon word. Die meerderheid van die 421 verbruikers, ongeag geslag, etnisiteit en ouderdom, het pere met 'n duidelike peer geur, 'n soet smaak, 'n redelike hoeveelheid appelsuur, sagte en sappige tekstuur met n smeltkarakter, en 'n geel of liggroen skilkleur met 'n tipiese peer vorm verkies. Frankheid, hoë suurvlakke en grinterigheid het verbruikers voorkeur negatief beinvloed. Geen pere in ons studie was melerig nie en daarom kon ons nie hierdie eienskap evalueer nie. Twee verbruikersgroepe met soortgelyke voorkeure vir eetkwaliteit en peervoorkoms is geïdentifiseer. In terme van eetkwaliteit het groep 1 (55% van die verbruikers) voorkeur vir 'n wye verskeidenheid van kultivars aangedui. Groep 2 (45% van die verbruikers) daarteenoor het die eetkwaliteit van net 'n klein seleksie van kultivars verkies, terwyl hul ‘n afkeur getoon het vir die res. In terme van voorkoms, het groep 1 (61% van die verbruikers) weereens van 'n wye verskeidenheid kultivars gehou terwyl groep 2 (39% van die verbruikers) baie hoë punte aan die bekende Bon Chretien en Packham's Triumph kultivars toegeken het, maar die ander kultivars baie laer as groep 1 bepunt het. Die doel van ons tweede proef was om verbruikersvoorkeur vir ferm, sappige pere teenoor sagte pere met 'n smelt tekstuur te bepaal en tot watter mate 'Forelle', 'Packham's Triumph’ en ‘Abate Fetel' geskik is vir iedere opsie. Pere is tydens die kommersiële oesvenster (H1) (fermheid 6-6.8kg, 6.4-7kg en 6-6.8kg onderskeidelik) en weer 'n maand later (H2) geoes. H1 en H2 pere is teen kamertemperatuur (20 ºC) onderskeidelik vir sewe of een dag rypgemaak. Die meeste verbruikers (67%) se voorkeur korreleer positief met 'n smeltende tekstuur, sappigheid, peer geur en soet smaak. Hierdie eienskappe was die prominentste in H1 'Packham’s Triumph' pere terwyl H2 vrugte baie fermer, maar laer in voorkeur geureienskappe was. Daar is egter wel 'n mark vir ferm, sappige pere aangesien 33% van die verbruikers 'n voorkeur toon vir hierdie eienskappe. 'Forelle' en 'Abate Fetel' sou beide geskik kon wees vir hierdie mark. 'Forelle' is verkies as fermer peer, waarskynlik omdat H1 sagte pere meer frank, suurder sowel as minder sappig was. Daar was geen verskil in verbruikersvoorkeur tussen 'Abate Fetel’ se H1 en H2 pere nie. Ten slotte, die meeste verbruikers van die Wes-Kaap verkies die smaak van ryp Europese pere met hul karakteristieke sagte, smeltende tekstuur, maar 'n derde van die verbruikers hou wel van ferm, sappige pere. Daar is dus 'n geleentheid om die mark vir boomryp en Asiatiese pere te ontwikkel, maar bemarking sal nodig wees om die verbruikersvoorkeure vir voorkoms te oorkom.
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Madugoda, Gunaratnege Senali. "Consumers’ payment preference at Point-of-Sale (POS) in Australia, China and Sri Lanka." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2438.
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Payment methods have been expanding rapidly in recent years. To develop effective strategies and to meet individuals’ payment satisfaction, financial institutions need to understand the factors that influence the payment preferences of individuals from different cultural backgrounds. This study aims to investigate the drivers of payment preference at the Point-of- Sale (POS) and the moderating effects of cultural dimensions. Drawing on the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory and contextual factors a conceptual framework was developed and tested using a two phases approach. In the qualitative phase, focus groups were conducted to explore the similarities and differences amongst Australians, Chinese, and Sri Lankans in terms of salient attitudes toward payment methods at the point-of-sale (POS). Two focus groups were conducted for Australia (n=12) and Sri Lanka (n=12), and individual interviews were carried out with 11 Chinese participants (total n=35). As a result, the initial framework (derived from the literature) was revised. In the quantitative phase, the developed framework for the study was tested. A questionnaire was developed using the key factors identified from the literature review and focus groups. An online survey was employed to collect data from Australia (n= 292), China (n= 358), and Sri Lanka (n= 309) using a convenience sampling technique. The partial least squares (PLS) technique was used to analyse 959 valid responses. The results showed that perceived relative advantage and social influence are positively associated, and perceived risks and perceived rewards are negatively associated, with payment preference. The effects of perceived compatibility and perceived situations on consumers’ payment preferences were non-significant. In terms of cultural dimensions, uncertainty avoidance positively moderated the negative relationship between perceived risks and payment preference. Furthermore, long-term orientation positively moderated the negative relationship between perceived rewards and payment preferences. The findings help banks and other financial institutions to design efficient payment methods and develop effective strategies to promote particular payment methods. In particular, the findings provide useful insights for financial companies in changing the way of offering rewards to their consumers by differentiating themselves from their competitors, thus enhancing the capacity to both acquire and retain consumers. These outcomes supported the conceptual framework developed based on DOI theory and contextual factors and extend the literature on payment preference. Furthermore, the drivers of consumers’ payment preference for different cultures suggests important implications for global marketers
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Visser, Cecilia Elaine. "Acceptability, choice and preference of brands and flavours of dairy fruit beverages by black female consumers." Diss., Pretoria ; [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-122455.
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Sun, Chen. "Factors affecting female consumers' acceptability on nail polish." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18733.
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Master of ScienceFood Science Institute
Koushik Adhikari
The market of nail polish has been booming in recent years. Research on nail polish is scarce. A sensory lexicon for nail polish has been developed at Kansas State University, but how sensory factors affect female consumers’ acceptability of nail polish has not been examined. Also, other factors, such as price and usage characteristics that could affect consumers’ acceptability, are yet to be determined. A nail polish consumer study was conducted at Kansas State University to explore several sensory and non-sensory factors that could affect female consumers’ acceptability of nail polish. Eight nail polish samples, belonging to four categories, namely, regular (REG), gel (GEL), flake (FLK) and water-based (WAT), were evaluated by each of the 98 female consumers. The questionnaire consisted of three sections – application, observation and general usage questions. Results showed that consumers rated the samples similarly in both the application and observation sections. In general, consumers preferred the REG and the GEL samples more than the FLK and the WAT samples. Among all the sensory attributes, appearance attributes were the major attributes that affected consumers’ overall acceptability, while aroma had negligible impact on acceptability. Some sensory attributes like runny, shininess, opacity, spreadability, smoothness, coverage and wet-appearance were found to drive the consumer’s overall acceptability positively, while others such as pinhole, fatty-edges, blister, brushlines, pearl-like, flake-protrusion, glittery and initial-drag impacted their liking negatively. Four clusters of consumers were identified based on the consumers’ overall liking scores for both the application and observation sections. Considering all the factors that could affect consumers’ acceptability, sensory appeal, price, and conveniences of usage were the top factors picked by consumers. Age was also a factor that affected consumers’ acceptability for some of the samples. Consumers’ overall acceptability for these studied samples could guide a beauty store or a nail salon on building their selection on nail polishes. Consumers’ acceptability on different sensory attributes could help a nail polish company modify or improve their nail polish formula. The consumer cluster information could benefit a nail polish company on marketing a specific category of product and advertising to a specific group of consumers.
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Gai, Lili. "Dining at Ethnic-themed Restaurants: an Investigation of Consumers' Ethnic Experiences, Preference Formation, and Patronage." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699898/.
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Given unprecedented shifts in the U.S. demography marked by rapid growth in Hispanic, Asian and other ethnic market segments, marketing scholars and practitioners are confronting ways to cultivate ethnic consumers' brand preference formation, retail patronage and their ensuring consumption choices. Food is cited as a common signifier for consumers’ ethnic/cultural identity because food itself is a cultural symbol. However, little research has examined the influences of ethnic identities on consumers’ patronage behaviors of ethnic-themed restaurants. Thus, this dissertation critically explores the impact of ethnic identity and motivational factors to better understand consumers' choices of ethnic-themed restaurants with a mix-method approach. The present research investigates how ethnic identity and consumers’ need for uniqueness interplay with perceived authenticity in consumers’ patronage intention of ethnic-themed restaurants. The findings advocate the interplay among ethnic identity, consumers’ need for uniqueness, and perceived authenticity of general consumers in decision making choices of patronizing ethnic-themed restaurants. The findings have important implications for market segmentation guiding the owners of ethnic-themed restaurant the choice of environmental cues to encourage patronage intentions among general consumers. Furthermore, this study provides additional insights about motivating factors affecting decision making of patronizing ethnic-themed restaurants and contributes to the stream of research by enhancing understanding of marketing ethnic-themed restaurant in a multi-cultural society.
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OKIMOTO, Madoka. "International Price Competition among Food Industries Affected by Income, Population and Biased Preference of Consumers." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19913.
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Scanlon, Jennifer R. "Inarticulate longings consumer culture and the modern woman, 1910-1930 /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/82398896.html.
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Wang, Li-Hang, and 王麗涵. "Consumers’ Visual Preference in Mall Shopping." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/en99e5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
101
This study investigated the different properties of spatial visual factors and elements attracting consumer preferences. We adopted the questionnaire survey and focused on the population of young consumers in the six most well-known shopping malls in Taipei. The contents of our questionnaire was established by searching related references and consulting with the professionals in the field of spatial design for the generalization of the spatial visual elements. Our study observed that the visual effects of the whole spatial arrangement in shopping malls indeed influenced the visiting intention of consumers. They preferred the brilliant lightening style in traditional department stores than the various lightening styles in fashionable shopping malls. At the same time, they favored the newly style and modern appearances of commercial space, comparing with conservative decoration. In addition to the consuming space, the consumers also pay much attention to the visual impression on the service space, such as lavatory and rest area. Moreover, for newly fashionable shopping malls, the visual impression and shopping will of consumers were more promoted and attracted by their spatial rearrangement and merchant display.
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Manning, Nicola. "Physical, sensory and consumer analysis of pear genotypes among South African consumers and preference of appearance among European consumers." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2442.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Msc Food Sc (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.The aim of this research project was to determine the preference of pear appearance and taste among South African pear consumers using descriptive sensory analysis, consumer preference and physical maturity measurements. The preference of external pear appearance among European consumers was also established. The Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, South Africa, aims to breed new cultivars with a local as well as export market potential. They are focused on a range of blushed cultivars from early to late season which do not loose their skin colour. Important eating quality characteristics they are focused on are high sugar content (sweet taste) and a strong pear flavour. Both research studies performed on local South African consumers showed that these objectives align very well with consumer preference. Lightly coloured blushed pears were preferred and important sensory attributes were pear flavour, sweet taste, melt character, juiciness and a soft texture. Sour taste, astringency, mealiness and grittiness were negative attributes. The appearance preference conducted on European consumers determined that these consumers prefer a bright yellow or green colour with a light red or pink blush. Shape played a role and a typical pear shape was preferred. The outcomes of the research performed on local South African consumers were compared to results found internationally. The findings were consistent with important sensory attributes being pear flavour, sweetness and juiciness and yellow or green colours preferred or a light blush was also acceptable. Age and gender did not seem to play a role in the preference analyses. Therefore, preference studies can be conducted locally on new cultivars for the export market. Blushed cultivars are prone to red colour loss in high temperature conditions. Breeding of selections (e.g. ‘Cheeky’) that accumulate more red pigment and are therefore less prone to colour loss has been done to try to overcome this problem. However, these selections are redder and darker in colour and have a lower preference among consumers. A possible solution to this could be to breed light blushed pears (e.g. Rosemarie) but to market the cultivar, as is the case with Cripp’s Pink apples, with separate trademark names for fruit with adequate and inadequate blush development. Thereby, the producers will still receive compensation for their produce if the colour is lost but if not, a higher premium will be received.
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Wu, Chia-Yu, and 吳佳育. "Consumers Preference of Miniature Phalaenopsis Pot Plants." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89413169370064220591.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
96
The phalaenopsis industry in Taiwan is a star business in the flower industry. Due to insufficient information on production and sale, there are problems of production disproportions in flower assortments, market demands. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between consumer preferences and the characteristics of phalaenopsis plants to offer suggestions for sale. Five characteristics are selected in this study, including flower assortment, number of flower stems, plant decorations, flower containers, and price. Choice experiment was adopted to survey consumers’ preferences for characteristics of phalaenopsis pot plants, and design alternative plans. A questionnaire survey was administered in six flower markets in northern, central, and southern Taiwan, with 602 valid questionnaires returned. The research findings are as follows. 1. The most preferred flower assortment of consumers is yellow flowers with red centers, followed by white flowers, white flowers with red centers, purple and red flowers. Consumers mostly prefer plants with three stems, followed by two stems, and one stem. The most preferred plant decorations are green miniature and artificial objects, followed by green miniature, no artificial objects, and no preference of artificial objects. The most favorite flower container is black round-shape porcelain, followed by white square porcelain, and black square plastic. Merchandises of higher prices are less preferred by consumers. 2. Among sixteen options, alternative plan 10 is the most profitable with its characteristics: yellow flower with red centers, three flower stems, and green miniature with artificial objects in a black square plastic and the estimated profit is NT$ 564.9. It is recommended that phalaenopsis production shall focus on yellow flowers, with red centers, and white flowers. It should be noted that phalaenopsis sold in the florists and market should mainly be potted plants with abundant combinations and in great varieties.
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Chia-ying, Chen, and 陳佳櫻. "A research of promotional preference on male consumers." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17140043425458335253.
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碩士嶺東技術學院
國際企業研究所
93
The purpose of this study is to understand which promotional tool was the most preference for male consumers and if the preference for promotional tools are different between diversity of demographic variables and life style. By means of the study to understand the different life style as reflect male consumers on purchasing activities, as well as probing the higher beneficial promotional tools of which product attribute can obtained The research use convenient samples with 445 useful samples. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 statistics software to process frequency analysis, T-test, factor analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The mayor results are as follows: 1. We may conclude that it exists the significant difference between the preference factor of purchasing convenience goods, shopping goods and specialty goods for male consumers and demographic variables, such as residential cities, average salary and education. 2. There are significant differences between promotional preference of purchasing convenience goods, shopping goods and specialty goods for male consumers and demographic variables, such as residential cities, average salary and career. 3. The subjects of male consumer are classified into 4 clusters by life style. There are fashion-conscious victim, extrovert socialite, realism and traditional conservative four groups of life style. And, there are significant differences between preference factor of purchasing and four groups of life style. 4. There are significant differences between promotional preference and four groups of life style for male consumers. Finally, according to the result provide some suggestions of promotion strategies for enterprises to advance business.
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Wang, Yung-Lin, and 王永霖. "Exploring Consumers’ Preference and Purchase Behavior regarding Detergents." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n86z5r.
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碩士國立政治大學
企業管理研究所(MBA學位學程)
106
Nowadays, consumers have strong awareness about health and environmental issues, natural detergents thus become more popular than before. Taking the N brand, which claimed natural ingredients, for example, the study investigated consumers’ attitudes and their decision making toward the detergents. The survey focused on female aged 30 – 59 in Taipei City and New Taipei City. The whole study project included three parts, questionnaire, conjoint analysis, and eye-movement research. The results of the study showed that most of the consumers used the liquid detergents and didn’t add fabric softener when doing the laundry. When choosing detergents, consumers considered the attributes including detergency, anti-bacteria, nature, anti-rot, and anti-dust-mite. Also, consumers with higher education cared more about whether the product was natural than others. Furthermore, it was unnecessary to claim ‘no need to add fabric softener’ in detergent commercials, which actually confused consumers with the intimation of unnatural fabric softener. Finally, the place on the shelf was more important to catch consumers’ attention rather than the design of the package. Consumers would focus more on the middle and top parts of the package. Thus, the important messages should be placed on the center or top to win shoppers’ attention. These findings provided useful suggestions to marketers for their package design and marketing strategy.
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CHENG, NING-YIN, and 鄭甯尹. "An Investigation on Consumers' Preference of "LINE" Stickersin Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3u8fvp.
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碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
圖文傳播藝術學系
105
In recent year, using mobile communication application become a trenf as the prvalence of smart phone. Among all the mobile communities, "LINE" is greatly popular for its "Sicker", it occupies already 90% of the number of users. This study was to develop-ment scale for value of LINE sticker,it is aimed to explore different customer perceived values (age/ gender/ occupation / education / income/ relationship status), as well as sicker type(cute/ gorgeous/ cool/ warm&fuzzy/ wacky&weird/ humorous) , Lan-guage(Chinese Mandarin/ Hokkien/ English/ Japanese) on willingness of consumers to buy sticker. By the way, this study also provided practical suggestions for companies and designers.
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Smit, Johannes Jacobus. "Media usage and preference of consumers in the Transkei." Diss., 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16063.
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The objective of this study is to establish the media usage and
preference of consumers in the Transkei. The results are of special
significance to media planners and advertisers in so far as they
will assist in the media selection process. This in turn will form
the basis of improved marketing communication between media
planners and advertisers on the one hand and Transkeian consumers
on the other.
The media types investigated were newspapers, magazines, television
and radio. The results indicated that three newspapers (Daily
Dispatch, Intsimbi and Imvo), three magazines (!bona, Pace and
Orum), one television channel {TV 2 - now CCV-TV) and one radio
station (Radio Transkei) are extremely popular among the majority
of Transkeians. The research results also indicated that the
following topics are very popular in all the media types: local
news, sport, education and arts/cultural articles. The results
further indicated that Transkeians are generally favourably
inclined towards advertisements.Economics
M.Com (Business Economics)
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朱芷葦. "Research on Consumers' Need for Uniqueness and Risk Preference." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25284632131308436169.
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碩士明新科技大學
企業管理研究所
95
The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of consumers’ need for uniqueness (NFU) on the risk preference. In addition, the two variables, problems framing and history outcomes, were considered to examine the moderating effect between the NFU and the risk preference. The quasi-experimental method was employed throughout three experiments in this research. The one-way analysis of variance was conducted in Study 1. The independent variable was NFU (high vs. low) whiles the dependent variable was risk preference. The results indicated that participants with high NFU showed higher risk taking than participants with low NFU. In Study 2, a 2 (NFU: high vs. low) × 2 (Problem Framing: positive vs. negative) factional design was utilized. The results illustrated that the participants with high NFU preferred higher risk taking than those with low NFU in the condition of positive framing. However, in the condition of negative framing, there was no significance difference in risk preference between participants with high NFU and low NFU. A 2 (NFU: high vs. low) × 2 (Outcome History: successful vs. unsuccessful), factonial design was employed in the Study 3. The results showed that participants with high NFU preferred higher risk taking than those of the low NFU in condition of successful outcome history. However, in condition of unsuccessful outcome history, there was no significance difference between participants with high NFU and low NFU.
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Hsu, Chiung-Yu, and 許瓊予. "The Impact of Temporal Distance on Consumers’ Attribute Preference." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28kpy9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺中技術學院
企業管理系事業經營碩士班
99
This research explored the impact of temporal distance on consumers’ attribute preference. Study 1 demonstrated that temporal distances influence the consumer preferences between reliability and performance attributes, when a purchase is proximal (distant), consumers will prefer the product that reliability (performance) attributes perform better than the product that performance (reliability) attributes perform better. Study 2 demonstrated that temporal distances influence the consumer preferences between utilitarian and hedonic attributes, when a purchase is proximal (distant), consumers will prefer the product that utilitarian (hedonic) attributes perform better than the product that hedonic (utilitarian) attributes perform better.
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Cliceri, Danny. "New methodological approaches to investigate vegetables preference among consumers." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1123300.
Full textAbstract:
Improved population nutrition is one of the key factors underlying increased health and longevity (Chernoff, 2001) and vegetables are often identified as the most important part of a diet recognized as beneficial for health (Appleton et al., 2016). The adoption of diets rich in vegetables resulted in positive effects not only for human health but also for planetary health. (Whitmee et al., 2015). Dietary change through an increase of plant-based foods to the detriment of animal-based foods has been suggested to be necessary to reduce the environmental impact of the food system (Notarnicola et al., 2017). Despite the recommendation, studies show that a large proportion of consumers consume fewer vegetables than recommended. Therefore, for improved health and diet sustainability, an increased intake of vegetables is required. These interventions should be based on in-depth understanding of the underlying determinants of the preference for vegetables and methodologies aimed to assess consumer preferences and perception in an effective and reliable way.
An aspect that links many of the new methodological approaches in sensory and consumer science is the process of categorization. Categorization is a natural cognitive process where objects with common characteristics are grouped and inference is made about their properties, in order to obtain considerable information with minimum cognitive effort (Rosch & Lloyd, 1978). Among the methods based on categorization is the Free sorting task (Lawless et al., 1995), a procedure that can be used with consumers to study similarities among food products. There are a number of methodologies of implicit measure related to categorization, such as the Implicit association test (Greenwald et al., 1998), that find in the process of categorization the operative task carried out by subjects during the implicit test. Considering the relevance of categorization among the approaches to overcome the current limits in sensory and consumer research is therefore of interest in studying issues strongly related to the preference for vegetables with the contribution of the process of categorization.
Many issues related to the study of preference for vegetables need attention. For instance, beside the suggestion to consume a specific number of portions of vegetable, of particular importance is the comprehension of which items consumers include in the category “vegetable”, highlighting possible mismatches between guidelines and consumers. Considering these aspects, a deeper comprehension of how consumers represent the vegetable category may be useful to improve the effectiveness of dietary guidelines and increase the consumption of recognized vegetables. This research question was explored in Study I recurring to the prototype theory of categorization, in order to investigate the relationships between the typicality of the dishes and of the dish features with expected liking among consumers.
Taking into consideration the increasing interest of interventions targeted at older adults and children to increase vegetable consumption (Appleton et al., 2016), the use of investigative tools that allow evaluation of the perceptions and preferences in an effective and reliable way is needed. In healthy older adults most sensory and consumer methods can be applied (Methven et al., 2016). However the use of consumer tests with this segment of population should be evaluated carefully, due to the possible presence of difficulties related to the comprehension and use of rating scales (Dermiki et al., 2013) and cognitive and perceptive fatigue with long and complex methodologies. A methodology with big potential, yet to be fully explored with older adults is the Free sorting task. Considering these aspects, the study of usability of Free sorting task among healthy older adults would be of interest. This issue was explored in Study II, where older adults from Italy and France were involved in a Free sorting task with peas and sweetcorn samples.
Among the different approaches to investigate eating behaviour, the use of interviews and questionnaires may be considered as the most common one, thanks to their relative low cost and ease of submission. However, explicitly measured concepts may suffer from limitations such as voluntary self-presentation strategies (e.g. social desirability), resulting in a discrepancy between declared and actual behavior (Maass et al., 2000). Implicit measurements (De Houwer & Moors, 2010) may overcome some of the problematic elements of traditional self-report measures of attitudes. The use of both explicit and implicit measurements, such as the Implicit Association Test, may therefore be an effective approach to classify with higher reliability consumers’ attitudes toward the vegetable category. This issue was explored in Study III, where vegetarians, flexitarians and omnivores were involved in an Implicit association test intended to assess their attitudes toward plant-based and animal-based dishes and the physiological and psychological variables that may influence these attitudes.
Study I concluded that specific dishes, such as salads and boiled vegetables, were more typical of the plant-based dish category than others, such as soups and fried vegetables. Typicality affected expected liking for dishes depending on the consumers’ level of familiarity toward vegetables. Among consumers with a low level of familiarity toward vegetables, the less a dish is typical the higher the expected liking is. No similar relation was found among consumers with a high level of familiarity. Expected sensory attributes were found to influence the typicality of a dish. The attributes Bitter, Green and Bland positively influenced typicality, while Brown, White and Creamy negatively influenced it. The promotion of consumption of vegetables targeted at vegetables dislikers should therefore consider their representation of the category, in order to limit the exposure to features with a negative hedonic value.
Study II concluded that the Free sorting task was a suitable method to use with healthy older adults, as it allowed the detection of differences in the categorization of stimuli even among the more aged representatives of the elderly population. Familiarity with the product was the main factor affecting the categorization maps of the tasted vegetables. Categorization maps from the familiar vegetables were found to be reliable to obtain information on sensory and hedonic dimensions, while maps obtained from the unfamiliar vegetables mainly depicted sensory variability.
Study III concluded that the Implicit association test is an effective method to study attitudes toward the plant-based dish category. Vegetarians and Flexitarians were more inclined to implicitly associate positive emotions to meat-free dishes than omnivores, with vegetarians showing a stronger association than Flexitarians. Our findings showed that positive attitudes toward meat-free dishes were positively related to the empathic sensitivity toward humans and animals and positive attitudes toward healthy and natural products, whilst being negatively related to bitter responsiveness and sensitivity toward pathogen disgust. Conversely food pleasure emerged as equally important among the considered groups, highlighting a higher importance of food consciousness in determining the eating habits considered.
In conclusion, all the methodological approaches considered in this research proved able to satisfy the different research questions related to the study of the preference for vegetables, therefore confirming the effectiveness and reliability of categorization in consumers’ studies.
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Chen, Mu-Hsian, and 陳慕賢. "The Influences of Color Preference on Consumption Emotions and Consumer Behavior of Afternoon-Tea Consumers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77739703044726000052.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
觀光事業學系
99
Since Victorian Era from the 17th century, afternoon tea culture has developed into a popular lifestyle; and it is also a derivative of a new way of cultural meaning and life-style in Taiwan. In recent years, more and more consumers pay high attention to dining atmosphere. Color can impact consumers emotionally, and it can influence consumer’s judgments indirectly as well as to stimulate their greatest desire of purchasing. But there is few relevant researches regarding color preference for restaurants; therefore, this study aimed to explore the influences of color preference on consumption emotions and consumer behavior of afternoon-tea consumers. The findings of this study can be used as future restaurants planning the color tones of afternoon-tea restaurants; and as tool to help improve service quality and marketing management. The results showed that consumers preferred colors of afternoon tea restaurants have significant impact on both positive and negative emotions. Afternoon-tea restaurant’s color based-tone yellow, blue, purple, white and black can cause significant impact on consumer’s positive emotions; on the other hand, color based-tone of red, green and gray have significant impact on consumers’ negative emotions. Also consumers’ gender, occupations and residential area on both color preference and consumer emotions have significant affections. Therefore, recommendations for restaurateurs are as follows: different color tones can be target-designed for different afternoon-tea restaurant segmentations, different color combinations can be added into design considerations, and further understanding of establishment of color preference rankings in terms of different residential areas can be important.
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"Room air conditioner preference and country of origin in Hong Kong and Zhu Hai." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888598.
Full textAbstract:
by Chow Kar Tak, Kelly, Chan Wai Shing, Cheung Wai Hung, Daniel.Includes questionnaire in Chinese.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [33]-[35]).
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- The Room Air Conditioners Market in Hong Kong and Zhu Hai --- p.3
Chapter 3. --- Sample Characteristics --- p.4
Chapter 4. --- Choice Criteria of Room Air Conditioning Units --- p.7
Chapter 4.1 --- Country of Brand --- p.12
Chapter 4.2 --- Country of Production --- p.15
Chapter 4.3 --- Price --- p.20
Chapter 4.4 --- Quietness --- p.22
Chapter 4.5 --- Reliability --- p.23
Chapter 4.6 --- Additional Features --- p.24
Chapter 4.7 --- Size --- p.25
Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.26
Appendix A -List of Tables
Appendix B -Reference
Appendix C - Survey Questionnaire for Hong Kong
Appendix D - Survey Questionnaire for Zhu Hai
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Lo, ren-tsung, and 羅仁聰. "Consumers''recognition and preference for styles when purchasing notebook computers." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11781624257162374665.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工程技術研究所設計學程
87
The key factors towards success in the today''s technology-competitive and information-rich world are the effectiveness and correctness in grasping the market trends and information. This is clearly shown in the creative development of the new products. If correct and effective market information about the product can be secured and the appropriate opportunities arise, advantages in the market will be granted. The main objective of this study is to transform the perceptions and preferences towards style selection of notebook computer into the measurable quantities. By analyzing these measurable quantities, the factors and conditions affecting the consumers'' choices could be determined and evaluated. Hence, the preferred styles of the new product could be chosen for manufacture in the future. The main results and conclusions of the study are summarised as follows: 1. The subjects with and without design background have the similar perceptions about the styles of notebook computers. By using multi-dimensional preference analysis method, the main factors affecting the consumers'' perceptions about the styles of the notebook computer are two: (1). Feel of technology and the lack of it. (2). Rounded and rigid styles. 2.By using regression analysis, the linear relationships between the two main factors and style elements are determined. Such information is useful in manipulating the style elements in notebook computers to achieve the desired perception. 3.From the linear equations obtained, the first factor (feel of technology and the lack of it) is inversely correlated to the thickness of the notebook computer, and reinforced if it has rounded shape and small curves rounding the edges and corners. The frame around the monitor would be concave and curved. The second factor (rounded/rigid style) depends mainly on how the bottom part of the notebook computer is designed. To increase the perception of smoothness and roundness, it better to have the surface area of the bottom part curved. The overall style can be improved as the first factor by having curved and rounded corners. The frame of the monitor should be narrow and the color of the notebook computer should be light silver or gray. 4. The results of this study show that attractive styling of a product would increase its market potential and making it easy to promote, regardless of the consumers'' background. This is one of the critical points in the process of the product design and development.
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Ko, Chin-Yun, and 柯瑾芸. "A Study of Karaoke Consumers’ Music Preference and Leisure Benefits." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87030975475189715680.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
休閒事業管理學系碩士班
96
Music is part of human life, which can express the affection and reflect the reality of life. For many people, music can be a necessary element in their whole lives. Appropriate recreations can provide people life experience for leisure time and even add the positive benefits; singing karaoke is an example. KTV (Karaoke Television), which delicately associate people with music, offers a resort for singing and getting reunion. People can select the songs according to their preference. The purpose of this study is aimed at KTV consumers to find out the relation among personality traits, music preference, and leisure benefits. The target population of this study is the undergraduates of a central part Taiwan university and surveys by different academies. The survey is done by stratified sampling. The survey includes sponsor’s personal data, music preference, and leisure benefits. The analytical method includes: T test, the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient etc., The importance studies a result as follows: the type of Pop song is subjected to the most consumer fancy; especially the type of "love" songs; Different gender have different music preference. People are emotional stability who prefers pop songs but not electronic music; People are openness prefers R&B songs. The types of the R&B songs are correlated with social benefits、 psychological benefits and physiological benefits.
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Yi, Mei, and 陳美伊. "Consumers’ Attributes Preference and Willingness for Revisiting the Leisure Farms." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11844916336531185952.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東商業技術學院
行銷與流通管理系
93
The leisure industry is fierce in recent years; the type of operation takes challenges of the leisure farm. Because the information of consumers’ attribute preference and demand is extremely important for managers in leisure farm. Farm managers should satisfy the consumers’ preference and draw up the proper tactics under limited resources. This research conducts the conjoint analysis in measuring the consumers' attribute preference to leisure farm and also compares the influence of these attributes on consumers' relatively important. The samples were randomly generated on the leisure farms. The experiment design used in survey including four attributes. The attributes are certification marks, entire quality of travel place, travel expenses, reputation and generate nine combinations. The results show that the combination for certification, entire high quality, travel expenses around NT$1,500 and reputation is the most preference for tourists’ preference .The other combinations for no certification, entire low quality in tourism destinalion, travel expenses around NT $1,500 and reputation is the least preference. To analyze the preference for each attribute, the orders of preference are entire quality for the form, certification marks, travel expenses and reputation. Therefore, farm managers should pay attention to build certification, promote the entire quality for their farm (for instance, facilities and service quality, etc.) and proper price strategy to create their competitive advantage. In addition, the number of children, ecological knowledge and tourism activity are also the important factors to affect tourist’ revisiting . Farm managers may combine these factors with core attribute, agricultural experience activities and price promotes to create competitive advantage.
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DU, SHI-ZHOU, and 杜世洲. "A study of promotional preference with the female-clothing consumers." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80005619839459429971.
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Wang, Jau-Jay, and 王昭傑. "A Conjoint Analysis on Consumers’ Preference of Fruit Vinegar Attributes." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46000678123858211606.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系
89
A conjoint analysis is a set of comprehensive and analytical method that can analyze the consumers’ preference on the product attributes. The related studies, which apply to the processed agricultural products, are rarely seen in the literature in Taiwan. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the consumers’ respects on the important attributes of the fruit vinegar, then find out its optimal combinations of consumers’ preferences. The four attributes of fruit vinegar include flavor and color, price, packaging and place. Further, this study hopes to understand the consumers’ behavior of the fruit vinegar market more deeply. Finally, it provides the agricultural processors or firms as a reference make their marketing strategies of fruit vinegar. The major findings are as follows: Segment 1: the optimal product mix of fruit vinegar is the plum flavor, NT$150, glass packaging material and sold at the supermarket. It is named as supermarket cluster. Segment 2: the optimal product mix of fruit vinegar is the grape flavor, NT$150, plastics packaging material and sold at the superstore. It is named as superstore cluster. The results show that there are significant differences for the variables of individual average expenditure monthly between the two segments. For the opinion of respondents’ cognitions and feeling factors, each segment is significant in the common factors of fashion and health.
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Chang, Chih-Wei, and 張智為. "A Study of Consumers’ Vegetarian Food Labeling Preference and Satisfaction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25818141307659996717.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系所
99
As the increase of the population having vegetarian diets, there are various processed vegetarian food on the market for the convenience of vegetarian consumers. Nevertheless, because of the differences of the background of different vegetarians, they also choose different types of vegetarian products. In order to avoid the loose definitions of vegetarian labeling, Taiwanese government has formulated a set of regulations for the labeling of vegetarian food. After a year of the implementation of these regulations, how do consumers consider their satisfactory levels? Are their satisfactory levels varied according to different backgrounds? It will be beneficial to marketing if food manufacturers and merchants can alter the ways of identifying into customers’ favorite ones. This research investigated consumers’ vegetarian food labeling preferences and satisfaction. It adopted online questionnaires. The research participants are food consumers. One questionnaire is for satisfactory and the other one is for preferences, and the valid questionnaire numbers are 398 and 414. After the analysis of the research, use Reliability, Crosstabulation, T-test, One-way ANOVA, the conclusions are as following: 1. There is a significant difference between the vegetarian food labeling satisfactory of their different characteristics. 2. In general, the consumers are more satisfied with the parts of labeling which are under the government regulations, and are less satisfied with those labels which are out of government regulations and now on market. 3. The consumers prefer vegetarian food labeling to be united with their patterns, positions, and size proportion. 4. The consumers prefer non-packed food, such as bulk food and meal, to have vegetarian labeling. According to the conclusions, the researcher would like to give the following suggestions: 1. The government and organizations concerning vegetarian food labeling should stress the propaganda of food labeling. 2. Vegetarian Food Manufacturing Union and its related organizations may consistently propagate the unity of patterns, positions, and size proportion of vegetarian labeling. 3. The design of vegetarian food labels should consider there are five classifications of labeling, and the clarity is usually cared for the consumers.
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CHEN, WEI-CIAN, and 陳煒蒨. "Taiwanese and Italy Consumers' Kansei Image and Preference on Sunglasses." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e2z25m.
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碩士東海大學
工業設計學系
106
The sunglasses industries has been the division of labor under the influence of globalization. Design by the leading fashion in Italy and OEM production by Taiwan. Therefore, the same product in both country’s consumers (Italy and Taiwan) the emotional image and preferences of the differences, has become a crucial issue. In order to understand the four aspects (consumer values, lifestyle, future planning and buying sunglasses factors), while invited seven Italians to conduct in-depth interviews. Further selected of 114 sunglasses samples and 30 pairs vocabularies judging by modeling, perception and function. By KJ method selected 7 sunglasses samples and 9 pairs of paired words. Make a questionnaire of emotional measures and preferences that language is Italian and Traditional Chinese. A total of 60 questionnaires were collected (29 in Italy and 31 in Taiwan) through a quantitative survey by using the perceptive measure and preference questionnaire. Based on the methodology of independent samples t test, weight sum and Cross-Comparison founded that the Kansei images of sunglasses have significantly different between Italy and Taiwan. Further analysis of consumer preferences, emotional measures and style attributes, to obtain cross-cultural design principles that sorted out to provide enterprises with self-positioning and strategy formulation. The conclusion is the difference in consumer values, purchasing factors and lifestyle in Taiwan and Italy, can help the future development of the sunglasses industry in Taiwan marketing strategies as the reference.
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Lin, Hsin-Chung, and 林欣君. "The Analysis of Consumers' Preference on Ecolabeled Seafood in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c73876.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
應用經濟研究所
105
According to the statistics of United Nations, 77% of the marine fishery resources have been over-exploited around the world. Due to the fact that people do not have the concept of sustainable development in the past, the abundant natural resources of ocean is damaged as time goes on. Therefore, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concluded Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) in 1995, which promoted Ecolabel and spread it in the international. Considering arising awareness of global environmental protection, seafood safety verification and Ecolabeled are considerable emphasis on international business. But are the consumers in Taiwan pay attention to this situation? Before consuming seafood, what are the factors influencing consumers’ behavior? Should we also promote the Ecolabeled system in Taiwan? In this study, seafood products are divided into several attributes: Production Methods, Origin, Ecolabeled and Prices. By using attributes combined into different products, so that consumers have different combinations of products to choose. This thesis will use conjoint analysis and questionnaire survey to find out different types of consumers making choice on different products, and logit model is conducted as part-worth estimation. Finally propose a marketing strategy to firms and government. The survey results reveal that consumers receive messages mostly from the Internet, and most consuming in the traditional market. No preference state of preservation products and harvesting methods. The most important factor is "freshness" and the least important factors are "for wild fishing" and "for local harvest" in consumer seafood products. Additional segmentation of consumers find that specific groups of consumers affected by their own group of great impact on the consumption of seafood products preferences and other consumers are different conditions. The result denotes that according to Logit model, the most important attribute of Grouper is “Production Methods”, and the most unimportant is “Price”. It does demonstrate that consumers consume the Grouper, most of them more care about “Production Methods”. Products of Shrimp and Teuthida, the most important attribute is “Ecolabeled”. Indicating that consumers consume two products, most of them more cares about “Ecolabeled”. However, continue to Ecolabeled divide into local, international and non-Ecolabeled, the results were not as expected. Perhaps Taiwanese do not care about or understand Ecolabeled. If we want to create Ecolabeled system, we have to concern about this.
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KHURANA, MOHIT. "IDENTIFYING CAR BUYING BEHAVIOUR AND PREFERENCE OF CONSUMERS IN INDIA." Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/17313.
Full textAbstract:
Indian automobile market is fourth largest in the world. And it is seventh largest in the commercial vehicle manufacturing. Indian consumers are changing so do their preferences. There are lots of factor for change in behavior. Primarily being the change in the social character. People prefer to stay alone and decide on their own. Individualism is on rise in the Indian society, which is a major change giving rise to a whole new market. The rise in per capita income and disposable income, not only in metros but also in tier-2 cities, gave boost to the consumer market. The purchasing power of the consumer is high as a result market is having positive sentiment. The social as well as economical change led to introduction of new products in the market.
In the report, we surveyed people from different background in order to understand the consumer preference and behavior while buying car. We asked them variety of question to understand what factors impact them and what strategies companies can make to tackle them. After analysis of the responses, firstly, we found that safety and performance are the two top-most factor that companies must consider in cars. Secondly, Internet is the most sought platform to search information related to cars. Thirdly, when it comes to promoting and branding, companies must consider that societal status is determined by the cars. The strategy for the pre-sale journey must be smooth because consumer almost decide their car even before visiting the dealership. Lastly, Consumer gets attracted to the offers and discounts provided by the automobile companies which is a great tool to attract during off season or yearend. In India automobile sector is growing and it will keep on growing further at a good pace. The result of the report can shape the decision of the consumer so companies must consider it during preparation of their strategies.
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Wang, Chu (Cindy). "Chinese consumers’ preference for selected food safety attributes of milk powders." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30796.
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A series of milk safety scandals have occurred in China since the early 2000s that not only led to thousands of consumers falling ill, but also caused the deaths of infants. The milk scandals scared many consumers in mainland China away from domestic dairy products. Foreign branded dairy products, especially baby formulas, have become increasingly popular in China. Current little research has been dedicated to analyzing Chinese consumers’ preference for selected milk powder attributes such as “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)” and “Organic.” This study utilized an in-person interview of 1,404 respondents across 18 different locations in the Chinese cities of Beijing and Zhengzhou to study Chinese consumers’ preference for “Traceability”, “Direct Ownership of Farms”, “Country-of-origins”, “Farming Method (Organic vs. Conventional)” and “Safety Production Standards (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points). A Mixed Logit Model was used to estimate consumers’ preference and willingness to pay for milk powder safety attributes. The research revealed that 64% Chinese consumers believe imported milk powders are safer than domestic milk powders. Consumers are willing to pay more milk powders with “Traceability” and “Direct ownership of farm” attributes. Consumers with better education and full-time employment are more likely to pay attention to the “Traceability” and “Direct ownership of farm” attributes of milk powder.October 2015
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"Revealed preference, consumer demand and aggregate demand." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891309.
Full textAbstract:
by Lee Man-Ho, Peter.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-125).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1. --- The Literature Review --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2. --- "Revealed Preference, Differentiable Demand, and Expenditure Function" --- p.9
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.9
Chapter II. --- Results --- p.12
Chapter III. --- Proof of Proposition 1 --- p.30
Chapter IV. --- Proof of Proposition 2 --- p.53
Appendix --- p.64
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Revealed Smooth and Homothetic Preferences --- p.67
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.67
Chapter II. --- Result --- p.68
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Excess Demand and Homothetic Economy --- p.77
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.77
Chapter II. --- Results --- p.79
Chapter III. --- Proofs --- p.84
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.95
Appendix. Validating SARP by Computer Programs --- p.98
References --- p.119
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Yeh, Shin-Tze, and 葉欣澤. "Consumers’ Preference on Product-Related Service for Next-Generation Game Console." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87188800647730119736.
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碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
97
After Microsoft selling Xbox360 in 2006, Nintendo and Sony also sold the next-generation game console continually, and then open the battlefield of the global next-generation game console industry. In the face of a global economic downturn, Wii, Xbox360 and PS3 sales volume show growth contrarily of three big main game console manufacturers. With the popularization of the Internet, the manufacturers establish the platform of web 2.0. This service which are closely related, gives users more utility and increased purchase aspirations known as product-related service. (Mathieu, 2001). The development of the game console manufacturers in the old-generation, the introduction of products were driven by the game console hardware, software and other technological advances of most manufacturers. Therefore, this study will be the position of consumers, to know consumers’ preference on products and product-related services (PRS) for next-generation game console. The method of conjoint analysis was used to realize the consumers’preference in a two-stage survey in this study. The first phase of the first selected 11 major attributes, namely, achievement system, game price, game console price, cross-platform game development, the technical specifications of CD, the game developer's brand, hard disk capacity, the provision of warranty, audio, backward compatibility, and online services. Through the second phase of the survey to calculate the estimated value of the effectiveness of components and the relative importance of various attributes in different market segments. Based on different preference we found three main segments, named grade / technical specifications of CD-oriented group, game price / grade / online platform-oriented group, and grade / online platform -oriented group. Grade / technical specifications of CD-oriented group pays attention to the flagship of the grade version of the game console and Blue-ray Disc with the technical specifications, it is recommended firm in this segmentation could do the development of high-grade and distribution of game consoles which support more Blu-ray Disc technical specifications of products, such as high-definition videos or games. In addition, the proportion of women in this segmentation is only 2.8%, which is the lowest of all segments, shows that this segmentation is not suitable for the development of women market. Game price / grade / online platform-oriented group emphasizes the low price game, mid-cost version of the console, followed by the standard low-cost version of the console, the online connection services including the free of charge of basic functions, followed by the need to pay the full connection services for the online platform. We recommend that manufacturers sell games at low prices, the console at low grade, and do the development of the full connection services for the online platform in this segmentation, a way to break into the market, small profits but quick turnover, and a complete system from charges of income online platform to amortization the cost of mainframe sales. Grade / online platform-oriented group pays attention to the low-grade cheap console, the free of charge of basic functions including play with friend function and prefer the limited edition of the game software. We recommend that the manufacturers sell low-grade game console, limited edition of the game software, and provide the basic connection services including play with friend function for free in this segmentation. The proportion gap in this segmentation between men and women is 5.6 percent, which is the smallest of the three segments, it is suitable for the manufacturers to develop the maket for men and women, it is recommended to adopt the strategy for this segmentation of this study. The online platform in three market segments respectively rankings of the relative importance is 4,2,2, and we can find that the importance of the connection services in three segments is much higher, and we also have known that the importance of consumer preference on product-related services ( PRS ) gradually has increased in today's society.
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Chang, Chuh-Chen, and 張純甄. "THE RESEARCH OF CAUSALITY BETWEEN CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCE STRUCTURE & PURCHASE BEHAVIOR." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52340494305516279901.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
94
This research hangs over from the report in 2003, using the same analysis methods for the same consumers to find out if the conflicting outcome in 2003 results from the timing point of perceptions of consumers －that, we can not deduce beforehand purchase behavior from after- perceptions. The research focuses on two set of models for each same consumer. The first model is used by questionnaire and Self-Explicated Model, and this represents the consumers’ subjective perception. The second model is to catch the past 2 year’s purchase data of the same customers to analyze the preference structure. This part symbolizes customer’s objective purchase behavior. After comparing these two models, we find that the outcome is the same as before － the preference part-worth have significant negative correlation with the empirical purchase behavior. This outcome proves again that consumers tend to say one thing but do another thing － what they evaluate with high scores does not represent what they will buy. And they may happen to buy something that even they do not like it.
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Chen, Shui-Lien, and 陳水蓮. "Examining Consumers’ Preference toward Private Label and Brand Name Standardization/Localization." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73086233093632863329.
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博士國立中央大學
企業管理研究所
97
The dissertation explored the issues of perceived differences between globalised and localised images on brand and brand name standardization/localization. There were two parts included in this dissertation—study 1 and study 2. In study 1, in view of the differences between globalised and localised images, this dissertation has divided private labels into international private labels and local private labels. Then, consumer perceptions on product quality, price, brand leadership and brand personality a propos national brands, international private labels and local private labels were investigated. In order to provide better insights into these phenomena, this dissertation also considered product category as the moderator of the preceding perceptions. Data were collected outside the entrances of the main rail station of Taipei, Taiwan. A systematic sampling was adopted and 254 questionnaires were eventually collected. The findings revealed that on the whole national brands were perceived as significantly superior to international private labels, while international private labels were perceived as being superior to local private labels in terms of all perceptions except price perception. The findings also revealed that product categories moderated price and brand personality perceptions across the three brand types, but failed to moderate the effect of the three brands types on quality and brand leadership perceptions. In study 2, this study attempts to explore and discuss how high-involvement products, conspicuous consumption, and brand personality relate to and impact upon the appropriateness of using standardized Western-origin brand names in non-Western markets. The data were collected outside the entrances of public places (theaters, train stations) in Taipei, Taiwan. A systematic sampling method was adopted and 381 questionnaires were eventually collected for final data analysis. The findings indicate that conspicuous consumption and brand personality are positively related to the appropriateness of using standardized Western-origin brand names. Finally, implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Yang, Sheng-Kai, and 楊勝凱. "Factors of House-Purchase Intention: Media, Brand Attitudes, and Consumers Preference." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72622300073730964188.
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碩士國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班
92
House-Construction, though honored with leading industry, recently has experienced great challenge in the circumstances of boom-and-bust in the market、demand and supply change, and population redistribution. Housing is a high-involved product. The decision-making process of consumers is extremely complicated. The consuming behavior also includes a number of elements. In factors that affect purchase intention, brand is a distinct indicator besides house features that consumers prefer. Owning to the worry of construction quality or off-scheduled accidences, consumers tend to trust much on substantial constructors with great images. This means the Brand Effect is fermenting, and building brand name is relatively important. In house-construction industry, commercial advertisement is the main media tool. Consumers can gain information via mass media, and at the same time conceptualize their attitude toward the brand name, with following effects on consuming intention. This research was conducted with stratified random sampling, based on the population proportion of every district in Taipei City. The sample size of the survey was 450 individuals with 400 responses while 8 of them were eligible. The response rate was 87.1%. This research used linear structure relationship (LISREL) to examine four hypotheses. The findings were: (1) information offered by media affected attitude and concept toward brands, (2) media affected or changed consumer’s preference toward house features, (3) media affected purchase intention,(4) brand attitudes affected purchase intention afterward, (5) different brand attitudes resulted in different purchase intention, (6) preferences on house features did not affect purchase intention.
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Hsu, Chih-yang, and 許智揚. "New car consumers&;apos;&;apos; preference to car insurance." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50183418817555735851.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理研究所
102
The new car sales showed steady growth in Taiwan recently. In contrast, the automobile insurance sales herein display sign of gradual recession, which means tendency of decreased demand for automobile insurance among consumers. Therefore, this articles aims to investigate the following events with the viewpoints of consumer background , driving habits, safety awareness , insurance perception. The first one is that sorting sequence relationship between different combination of automobile insurances and consumer behavior , the second applicability of automobile insurance guarantee after new automobile consumers have identified the choice of automobile insurance combination and the third to tell the differences between the order of taking out actual and ideal insurance policies. As the result of this study ,the understanding the differences of automobile insurance combination choice between different consumer groups may help proposing individualized and comprehensive recommendations.
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LIN, CHI-QUEI, and 林琪芮. "A Study of Consumers' Visual Preference in Beauty SPA Space Design." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85275371465686908113.
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碩士輔仁大學
應用美術學系碩士班
104
As economic conditions improved, people's living standards change, People began to pay attention to the body diastolic pressure, skin care, relaxation demand; this phenomenon has led to the rapid rise of the beauty industry. In this study, discussing Beauty SPA Space Images factors and features and visual preference, Using Affinity Diagram and Questionnaire Method from female costumers. Study object contains I SPA, Pure SPA, SPA Light, Orient Retreat SPA, Mandi Bali, The Sparkle SPA, Simply Red SPA, Bonjomay SPA, Debola SPA, Jourdeness SPA, DCASPA, Skintalk SPA. Questionnaire survey beginning on December 1, 2015 - January 8, 2016, a total recovery of 366 parts, 6 parts excluding invalid questionnaires, 360 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The result of Beauty SPA space images include "Show style space", "Create a comfortable space" and "Create a atmosphere space". Visual preference result include space style prefer Nordic style (33%), Baroque (31%), Mediterranean style (31%); Space decoration prefer modeling space(41％), pattern elements(35%), Space color prefer natural color (53%), elegant color(29%); Space material prefer wood material(56%), Tiles Material(36%); Furniture material prefer wooden furniture(57%), leather furniture(30%); Design method prefer artistic(41%), naturalized(37%); Space atmosphere prefer fashion(50%), Warm(43%); Space setting prefer SPA zone(69%), rest zone and anteroom(21%), Study conclusions hope as opinions to interior designer and SPA owner to reference.