Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Préférence en fonction du temps'
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Gao, Liping. "Efficient approaches for large-scale time-dependent route planning problems with traveler's preference." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPASG084.pdf.
Full textTime-dependent route planning in real-world networks is still a big challenge today. In addition, travelers may have multi-preferences such as travel time, beautiful scenery, safety, and low carbon, simultaneously. With the development of infrastructures and the advancement of information technology, various spatio-temporal data that record the interactions between humans and the cyber-physical world can be collected and used to design traveler's preference-driven route planning. However, most of research focuses on finding the shortest path in a time-dependent network. In particular, 1) some works focus on optimizing the total traveler's preference score, but only propose a non-linear model that cannot be efficiently addressed; 2) few works investigate multi-objective time-dependent route planning problems, in which traveler preference score is assumed to be unvarying. However, traveler preference can vary with time; 3) recent works study group-oriented route planning problems, but consider the travel time and traveler preference to be time-unvarying. To reduce theory and practice gaps, three new time-dependent route planning problems with traveler's preference (TRPPs-TP) are investigated in this thesis.Firstly, a single-objective TRPP-TP is investigated in that the preference score on road segments is assumed to be time-dependent. The objective is to maximize the total preference score. For the problem, an integer linear programming model is proposed, and the NP-hard complexity of the problem is analyzed. To address the problem efficiently, a novel two-phase method is developed. Numerical experiments on randomly generated road networks and real-world road networks demonstrate the superiority of the developed method.Secondly, a bi-objective TRPP-TP with the time-dependent preference score is studied. The first objective is to maximize the total preference score, and the second one is to minimize the total travel time. For the problem, an integer linear programming model is formulated. For the problem, an exact epsilon-constraint method is applied to find the Pareto front on small-sized instances. To handle large-sized instances, an efficient problem-specific non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is developed. Especially, a new region-based coding is designed and a feasible route condition is provided to find near-optimal solutions in a reasonable computation time. Experiments on randomly generated road networks and real-world road networks demonstrate the performance of the proposed NSGA-II.Finally, a bi-objective eco-friendly group-oriented TRPP-TP is addressed. The first objective is to maximize the total traveler preference score and the second one is to minimize the total CO2 emissions. For this problem, a new integer linear programming model is proposed, and an epsilon-constraint method is used. Numerical experiments on randomly generated road networks are conducted to find the best balancing solutions
Muller, Karen. "Prédiction de l'évolution des préférences des consommateurs dans le temps en fonction de facteurs sensoriels et plus particulièrement de la complexité perçue et de la familiarité et de facteurs individuels : application à deux gammes de produits." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0011.
Full textLambert-Lacroix, Sophie. "Fonction d'autocorrélation partielle des processus à temps discret non stationnaires et applications." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004893.
Full textDrouin, Marie-Christine. "Les temps de réaction à des tâches cognitives en fonction du vieillissement adulte." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61338.pdf.
Full textDauphin, Gabriel. "Application des représentations diffusives au temps discret." Paris, ENST, 2001. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005780.
Full textDubois, Eric. "Sur les réseaux de Pétri continus à vitesses maximales fonction du temps, constantes par paliers." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0071.
Full textMeyer, Christophe. "Adaptation temps réel de l'acquisition en imagerie par résonance magnétique en fonction de signaux physiologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0272/document.
Full textCine MRI of cardiac contraction is a relatively slow imaging technique. Comparatively, patient motion, especially cardiac beating and breathing, are fast and can lead to imaging artefacts. Cardiac contraction velocity provides clinically useful information. Firstly, we have shown that making this measurement was possible using phase contrast Cine MRI, and that getting similar values as those obtained in clinical routine using cardiac echography. The condition is to reach high temporal resolution, but to do so, the acquisition duration must be longer than a breathhold. Free-breathing motion management was done by two approaches: by averaging then by motion compensation using Cine-GRICS. Secondly, in order to achieve high temporal resolution Cine reconstruction, we proposed a way to deal with changing heart rate during Cine MRI acquisition, by the construction of a patient adapted cardiac model using realtime phase contrast MRI. Finally, cardio-respiratory motion management was adapted to small animal Cine MRI thanks to IntraGate echo navigators
Tyranowski, Raphaël Lucas. "La fonction du sujet et la temporalité des états délirants : prolégomènes à la clinique de l’extériorité." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20035/document.
Full textThe present research seeks to shed light on the relationship between the subject, delusion and time. The premises of this question are essentially clinical: in our practice we have encountered delusional patients whose states have presented subjective organizations that could not be described or understood in traditional terminology of psychiatry or psychology. This clinical experience has confronted us with two major difficulties: firstly, the subjective organization of the delusion often contradicts the psychological conception of the subject, secondly, in many cases the attempt to reduce the clinical form of delusion to the medical conception of continuous evolution leads to a ignorance of the subjective basis of the temporal organization of the phenomenon. In our work we demonstrate that the delusional phenomenon demands a concept of the subject and a notion of time, which meet the requirement of its clinical structure. Firstly, by re-examining the classic clinic of delusional states in the structural perspective, we explain why the study of delusional states requires a transgression of the traditional psychopathology approach. Then, on the basis of the detailed elaboration of the concept of logical time, we conceptualize a clinical approach, which shows that the relation between delusion formation and time is a discontinuous series of modes of subjectivation of jouissance which permit to identify the temporality of delusion with an arrangement of the succession of modes of temporalization. Thereby our research results in demonstrating the thesis, which postulates a structural solidarity of the function of the subject with the function-time in the clinic of delusional states
Belraouti, Mehdi. "Convergence asymptotique des niveaux de temps quasi-concaves dans un espace temps à courbure constante." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978618.
Full textPOPIN, AUDBOURG MARIE. "La fonction de la musique dans la lyrique courtoise : la chanson au temps de charles vi." Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080580.
Full textThis work seeks to determine the importance of the french song at the end of the 14th century and, more specifically, its function in the life of the courts and individuals, its nature and the changes it underwent. While not neglecting any information contained in the 14th century manuscripts, particular emphasis has been placed on two of them, chantilly and turin, separated in time by almost twenty years and very different in conception. One of our aims was to understand how the text and the music operate independently without any pre-conditions as two distinct forms of expression. This examination confirms the fact that the music cannot merge with the words apart from the few rare occasions when language lends itself to this. At another level an attempt has been made to establish the relation between written counterpoint and performance. With the help of a dual approach the composer acheives rationalisation which is subtilitas or exteriorisation in his search for effects
Jabrane, Saïd. "Influence de la composition, de la température et du temps sur la fonction enthalpique du verre." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0011.
Full textThe enthalpic representation of glass using pressure and temperature only is not very satisfactory since it leads to contradictions like the Kauzmann paradox. The question raised therefore is that of the thermodynamic variables necessary to properly characterize the glassy state. To answer this question, we studied in a first stage the variations of the glass transition temperature Tg of propanediol 1. 2 and glycerol as a function of heating and cooling rates using DSC. The results showed that the glass transition is reversible in equilibrium conditions (zero heating and cooling rates). Then, the study of the influence of thermal annealing on the enthalpy of the glycerol glass was carried out. The DSC study revealed an enthalpic effect (exothermic) during annealing. This effect was attributed to a physico-chemical transformation involving molecular associations. Therefore, the thermodynamic properties of glass are a function, not only of temperature and pressure, but also of the extent of transformation of the latter transformation. On this view, the fictive temperature, largely used in literature, is the expression in terms of temperature of the extent of transformation. The thermodynamic origin of glass was further emphasized in the study of the variations of Tg with composition in two out of equilibrium phase diagrams (glycerol-propanediol 1. 2 and glycerol-water). Finally, the construction of the out of equilibrium phase diagram composed of the two propanediol 1. 2 enantiomers suggested that liquids (such as propanediol 1. 2) for which crystallization is impossible or very difficult are very likely mixtures of several molecular forms. The reason why they do not crystallize is therefore structural and not kinetic
Filion, Danièle. "C’est le temps de vacciner : la fonction persuasive et la traduction d’un message de communication en santé." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32563.
Full textPoliakova, Natalia. "Processus de catégorisation émotionnelle : temps de latence comme fonction du rapport entre le contexte et son prototype." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/42907.
Full textPouli, Marie. "Genèse et fonction de l'épisode de Doncières dans "A la recherche du temps perdu", de Marcel Proust." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040110.
Full textLecomte, Nelly. "Le temps : expression et fonction dans le roman negro-africain d'expression francaise des annees 50 a 60." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR2D041.
Full textDans cette etude multidisciplinaire, portant sur le roman negroafricain d'expression francaise d'avant les independances, je me d'abord interessee a l'influence de l'acculturation sur la facon de vivre et de penser le temps. Pour etudier cette notion sous ses differents aspects, j'ai eu recours a la philosophie, la psychologie, la narratologie et la linguistique, ainsi qu'a mes temoignages recueillis sur le terrain. J'ai ete interessee par les rapports entre le reel et la fiction, ainsi que par les rapports entre la vie affective et le temps. Apres une analyse du temps dans le contenu, je me suis lancee dans une analyse du temps dans les structures du recit, ce qui m'a permis de determiner certaines organisations et certains rythmes du recit. Le temps est en effet contenu jusque dans les plus petites particules du recit, telles que l'eclairage, le bruitage et la mobilite des personnages, consideres par rapport au moment de la journee. Differents methodes d'analyses (tableaux, tabellisation, courbes du recit, molecules) ont ainsi mis a jour un balancement fondamental entre la vie et la mort, en meme temps qu'elles ont conduit a l'enonciation de formules-types et d'une certaine representation du temps. .
Pouli, Marie. "Genèse et fonction de l'épisode de Doncières dans "A la recherche du temps perdu", de Marcel Proust." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609019z.
Full textCourbebaisse, Guy. "Distributions temps-fréquence et temps-échelle : contributions au domaine des machines thermiques." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0050.
Full textRakem, Yasmina. "Analyse critique et reformulation mathématique d'un modèle pluie-débit (GR4)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPC9937.
Full textChezalviel, Frédérique. "Mise au point d'un modèle d'étude de la fonction ventriculaire gauche par échocardiographie temps mouvement chez le chien éveillé." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P012.
Full textIvanov, Ievgen. "Investigation dans des systèmes abstraits avec entrées et sorties comme fonctions partielles de temps." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2346/.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to investigation of properties of systems with inputs and outputs as partial functions on the real time domain. In our work systems of this kind are mapped to abstractions called blocks. The notion of a block can be considered as a specific extension of the notions of a system with inputs and outputs which were studied in various variants of mathematical systems theory. The main aspects of blocks are nondeterminism, partiality of inputs/outputs, real time domain. The following novel results concerning blocks were obtained in the thesis: (1) Weak and strong notions of nonanticipation considered in the works on mathematical systems theory by T. Windeknecht, M. Mesarovic, Y. Takahara for different classes of systems were extended to blocks and compared. (2) A representation theorem for strongly nonanticipative blocks was proved. It was shown that such blocks can be represented using an introduced class of abstract dynamical systems called Nondeterministic Complete Markovian Systems (NCMS) which is based on the notion of a solution system introduced in the Theory of Processes by O. Hájek. (3) General criteria for the existence of total input-output pairs of a strongly nonanticipative block and the existence of a total output for a given total input of a strongly nonanticipative block. The obtained results are useful in formalization and analysis of block diagram-based specification and development languages for cyber-physical systems and real-time information processing systems
Bourotte, Marc. "Générateur stochastique de temps multisite basé sur un champ gaussien multivarié." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0415/document.
Full textStochastic weather generators are numerical models able to simulate sequences of weather data with similar statistical properties than observed data. However, few of them are able to simulate several variables (with precipitation) at different sites from one region. In this thesis, we propose an original model of stochastic generator based on a spatio-temporal multivariate Gaussian random field. A first methodological work was needed to develop a completely non separable cross-covariance function suitable for the spatio-temporal multivariate nature of studied data. This cross-covariance function is a generalization to the multivariate case of spatio-temporal non-separable Gneiting covariance in the case of the family of Matérn. The proof of the validity of the model and the estimation of its parameters by weighted pairwise maximum likelihood are presented. An application on weather data shows the interest of this new model compared with existing models. The multivariate Gaussian random field allows the modeling of weather variables residuals (excluding precipitation). Residuals are obtained after normalization of variables by seasonal means and standard deviations, themselves modeled by sinusoidal functions. The integration of precipitation in the stochastic generator requires the transformation of a component of the Gaussian random field by an anamorphosis function. This anamorphosis function can manage both the occurrence and intensity of precipitation. The corresponding component of the Gaussian random field corresponds to a rain potential, correlated with other variables by the cross-covariance function developed in this thesis. Our stochastic weather generator was tested on a set of 18 stations distributed over the Mediterranean area (or close) in France. The conditional and non-conditional simulation of daily weather variables (maximum and minimum temperature, average wind speed, solar radiation and precipitation) for these 18 stations show good result for a number of statistics
Zibouche, Mallik. "Relation structure fonction de l'interaction de l'annexine A2 avec les membranes lipidiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066104.
Full textAhmadivala, Morteza. "Vers une planification optimale de la maintenance des structures existantes sur la base d'une analyse de fiabilité en fonction du temps." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2020CLFAC056_AHMADIVALA.pdf.
Full textCivil engineering structures play an important role in any country for improving the economy together with the social and environmental welfare. An unwanted failure might cause significant impacts at different levels for the structure owner and for users. Fatigue is one of the main degradation processes on steel structures that causes structural failure before the end of the designed service life. To avoid unexpected failures due to fatigue, a comprehensive structural Life Cycle Management (LCM) is required to minimize the life-cycle cost and maximize the structural service life. One of the main objectives within the LCM can be related to optimizing the structural maintenance planning. Achieving this goal is a challenging task which requires to address some challenges such as predicting the structural performance under uncertainty, employing Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data to reduce uncertainties, taking into account crack propagation behavior for given components, reliability and cost-informed decision making, and effect of maintenance actions among others. Accordingly, following contributions are considered in this research to improve the capabilities of structural LCM which are explained shortly in the sequel.Developing a new time-dependent reliability method for fatigue reliability analysis.Investigating the effectiveness of advanced crack propagation tools to study unwanted fatigue cracking problems and characterizing some possible repair actions on a real case study.Introducing the assumptions and simplification steps required to integrate the proposed time-dependent reliability method with crack propagation models to approximate the time-dependent fatigue reliability.As the first contribution of this thesis, a new time-dependent reliability method called AK-SYS-t is proposed. This method provides an efficient and accurate tool to evaluate time-dependent reliability of a component compared to other available methods. AK-SYS-t relates the time-dependent reliability to system reliability problems and tries to exploit the efficient system reliability methods such as AK-SYS towards time-dependent reliability analysis. It is worth mentioning that time-dependent reliability analysis is necessary in this context since the performance deterioration (such as fatigue) is a time-dependent process associated with time-dependent parameters such as fatigue loading.Another related topic is the study of crack propagation phenomenon with advanced modeling tools such as Finite Element Method (FEM) and eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). For illustration purposes, the crack in the root of a fillet weld is considered (common fatigue detail in bridges with orthotropic deck plates). One important issue investigated herein is the influence of the transversal tension in the deck plate on the direction of the crack propagation. It is shown how increasing the transversal tension in the deck plate may change the crack propagation towards the deck plate. Such cracks are considered dangerous since they are hard to inspect and detect. In the end, XFEM is used to investigate the effectiveness of two possible repair solutions.A supplementary contribution is related to introducing the required steps in order to integrate the newly developed time-depend reliability method with crack propagation problems through some applicational examples. This is a challenging task since performing the time-dependent reliability analysis for such problems requires a cycle-by-cycle calculation of stress intensity factors which requires huge computational resources. Therefore, the aim here is to introduce the assumptions and simplification steps in order to adopt the AK-SYS-t for fatigue reliability analysis. Accordingly, two examples are considered. (...)
Medzeghe, M'Obame Rudolphe. "Représentations du temps et pratiques du travail salarié au Gabon de 1960 à 2016." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1024/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis we are presenting is to contribute to the understanding of the link that exists in Gabon between time representations and practices of work. For everyone, these representations thrive not only on the interraction with direct environment, on the basis of which the action's construction is affected. But they also thrive on a collective layout of norms, values and principles proper to a social group. We have got down to find the resulting effects of time representations on practices of wage-earning work, that's to say, work done by someone in exchange for a salary. Indeed, since 1960 gabonese public administration is ruled by a "judeo-christian and capitalist" time according to Rossatanga-Rignault's catchphrase, implanted by the former colonial power. The issue of our research is to examine in 2016 this time-related functioning in order to certify if it includes or not specific collective representations to Gabonese society and time-related experience of the local agents
El, Heda Khadijetou. "Choix optimal du paramètre de lissage dans l'estimation non paramétrique de la fonction de densité pour des processus stationnaires à temps continu." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0484/document.
Full textThe work this thesis focuses on the choice of the smoothing parameter in the context of non-parametric estimation of the density function for stationary ergodic continuous time processes. The accuracy of the estimation depends greatly on the choice of this parameter. The main goal of this work is to build an automatic window selection procedure and establish asymptotic properties while considering a general dependency framework that can be easily used in practice. The manuscript is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the literature on the subject, set the state of the art and discusses our contribution in within. In the second part, we design an automatical method for selecting the smoothing parameter when the density is estimated by the Kernel method. This choice stemming from the cross-validation method is asymptotically optimal. In the third part, we establish an asymptotic properties pertaining to consistency with rate for the resulting estimate of the window-width
Guehria, Wajih. "Fluctuations des représentations linguistiques en fonction de l'espace /temps du discours de référence : cas d'étudiants algériens de la ville de Souk-Ahras." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100088.
Full textThis research deals with the linguistic representations of students from Souk-ahras, an Algerian inland town where several languages compete. Some are appreciated, but symbolically rejected; others are disparaged, but enjoy positive representations. Relying on praxematic linguistics in analyzing the corpus collected from interviews, the author attempted to understand the reasons for this fluctuation of representations. It was assumed that attachment to the languages of instruction (such as French or standard Arabic) was closely linked to the professional future of interviewed persons. The approach adopted to confirm this hypothesis led the author to the delimitation of reality into several areas – “personal life”, “professional life”, and “cultural life” - likely to induce the variation of the representation of languages. This fragmentation of “everyday life” emphasized “space-times in the precise reference discourse” that energize the diglossic intensity among languages and thus determine the positive or negative polarity of a linguistic representation. The analysis of this corpus highlights an initial reflection on the sociolinguistic situation of Algeria’s internal areas. The obtained results may constitute a basis for the development of more adapted and “realistic” school and university curricula
Folacci, Antoine. "Quantification des champs en espace-temps courbe et renormalisation du tenseur d'impulsion-énergie." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112075.
Full textDejnozkova, Eva. "Architecture dédiée au traitement d'image basé sur les équations aux dérivées partielles." Paris, ENMP, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001180.
Full textThe image processing methods based on Partial Differetial Equations (PDEs) draw a groving attention of the scientific community. The number of applications has increased with the introduction of the Level Set methods. The EDPs apply in many domains such the image improvement, the segmentation by active contours usedboth for static pictures and image sequences or recent methods such as shape-from-shading. The industrial applications of these methods remain limited due to a computation complexity on one hand, and the difficulties of embedded system implementation (energy consumption, memory requirements) on the other hand. Our goal is to propose a dedicated architecture facilitating the implementation of a realtime embedded system. Regarding this objective, we propose a new algorithm Massive Marching solving the Eikonal equation for computation of the distance function. It proceeds in parallel and eliminates the usage of the ordered data structures. It allows to obtain the solution either on the entire image or only on its part : the Narrow Band around the propagation front. The complexity of Massive Marching is linear. The Massive Marching represents the algorithm allowing to obtain the watershed in parallel. Next, we propose two architecture types (i) SIMD and (ii) MIMD, based on several embedded processor cores, implementing Massive Marching in parallel or semi-parallèle. The same architecture types can be used to implement filtering algorithms as well as methods of interface evolution. The same architecture can therefore be used to implement all the steps of a complete application consisting of different types of algorithms, e. G. Filtering followed by segmentation
COIC, HERVE. "Melange a quatre ondes en impulsions picosecondes. Etude de la forme temporelle de l'impulsion diffractee en fonction des temps de reponse du milieu." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077139.
Full textLEMAIRE, VINCENT. "Une nouvelle fonction de cout regularisante dans les reseaux de neurones artificiels : application a l'estimation des temps de blocage dans un nud atm." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066292.
Full textCauffriez, Laurent. "Contribution à la mesure en temps réel des performances de production d'ateliers manufacturiers dans les applications de supervision distribuées." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/597b9ca8-7598-4686-82b0-c5bebe7909ee.
Full textKloda, Tomasz. "Conditions d’ordonnançabilité pour un langage dirigé par le temps." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0019/document.
Full textThe goal of this research is to define a time-triggered language for modeling real-time systems and to provide the conditions for their schedulability under Earliest Deadline First (EDF). Time-triggered languages separate the functional part of applications from their timing definition. These languages permit to model the real-time system temporal behavior by assigning system activities to particular time instants. We propose a new time-triggered framework, Extended Timing Definition Language (E-TDL), that enhances the basic task model used in Giotto and TDL while keeping compositional and modular structure brought by the latter. An E-TDL task is characterized by: an offset, a worst case execution time, a Logical Execution Time (a time interval between task release and its termination) and a period. The schedulability analysis of the system based on this new task model should be, in particular for EDF, investigated. We develop, on the concept of the processor demand criterion, conditions for the feasibility of an E-TDL system running on a single CPU under EDF. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained by considering the global schedules that are made up of execution traces occurring at the same time in distinct modules that are able to switch their modes at predefined instants. We estimate a maximal length of the interval on which the schedulability condition must be checked. A tool suite performing the schedulability analysis of the E-TDL systems is developed
Barthez, Paul. "Validation de méthodes de mesure isotopique de l'hémodynamique et de la fonction rénale chez l'animal." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T064.
Full textBouilloud, Ludovic. "Modélisation des caractéristiques de surface d’une chaussée en condition hivernale en fonction des conditions météorologiques." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30250.
Full textDuring winter, ice or snow presence on the road might have serious consequences on road traffic. To develop a decision-making tool for road management in winter, a numerical model which permits to simulate snow behaviour on roads was developed. It results from the coupling of the ISBA and CROCUS models, which are respectively the soil and snow model of Météo-France. This model was validated thanks to observed snow on road events, resulting from a previous experimental field campaign led on the Météo-France experimental station located at the Col de Porte (1320m, Isère). The validation was first done with the meteorological data measured on the site, and then with forecasted data. Results of the forecast on the experimental site were satisfactory, so the model was spatialized at the France scale, with a 8km grid resolution. The 2004/05 winter, with many snow on road events, was simulated. The validation was done thanks to road station data from several Highways and thanks to measurement from the Météo-France stations network
Cavichioli, Gonzaga Carlos. "Analyse de stabilité et de performances d'une classe de systèmes non-linéaires à commutations en temps discret." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762873.
Full textTemperville, Francis. "Formalisme simplifié de calcul des puissances résiduelles en fonction des différents paramètres de fonctionnement d'un réacteur à eau pressurisée." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112499.
Full textGuillemin, Jean-Philippe. "Rhéologie de suspensions concentrées de matériaux énergétiques recyclables – Modélisation du temps de coulée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00276364.
Full textAvant d'être à l'état solide, les explosifs de type XF13333 se présentent sous forme de suspensions dont la fraction volumique solide est de l'ordre de 55%. L'aptitude à l'écoulement de ces pâtes est donc gouvernée par la rhéologie des suspensions concentrées. Le procédé de préparation utilisé par le partenaire industriel étant de type coulée-fondue, l'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit est de proposer un modèle prédictif du temps que met une suspension concentrée en matériaux énergétiques à s'écouler gravitairement depuis un réacteur agité de mélange vers un corps d'obus initialement vide.
L'étude de l'influence de la fraction volumique solide sur le comportement rhéologique de suspensions modèles inertes a d'abord été envisagée. Deux échelles de taille de grains ont été considérées, l'une micrométrique et l'autre nanométrique. En fonction de la taille des particules, la pâte adopte différents comportements rhéologiques : la suspension constituée de particules micrométriques adopte un comportement newtonien tandis que la suspension constituée de particules nanométriques passe d'un comportement newtonien à un comportement de fluide à seuil, de type Bingham ou Herschel-Bulkley.
Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à l'influence de l'état d'organisation de la phase solide que l'on peut décrire par la fraction volumique maximale de solide. Nous avons étudié l'influence de ce paramètre sur le comportement rhéologique des suspensions. Etant donné la forte analogie de comportement entre une pâte d'explosifs et le ciment, nous nous sommes intéressés aux travaux de recherche menés depuis de nombreuses années dans le secteur du génie civil. En particulier, nous avons utilisé le modèle de De Larrard pour calculer fraction volumique maximale de solide à partir des distributions en taille des grains constituant le mélange.
Pour caractériser la rhéologie des suspensions XF13333, l'utilisation d'un rhéomètre de Couette n'est pas adaptée car la sédimentation des particules et la déstabilisation de l'émulsion formant le fluide suspendant rendent la suspension inhomogène. Pour la maintenir dans sa fonction d'usage (i.e. homogène), nous avons développé un rhéomètre non conventionnel et appliqué l'analogie de Couette. Il est ressorti de cette étude expérimentale que ces suspensions complexes sont des fluides d'Ostwald.
La modélisation du temps d'écoulement des suspensions XF13333 en configuration industrielle s'est fondée sur l'expression de la viscosité d'une suspension concentrée de Quemada. Les valeurs théoriques ont été comparées aux valeurs expérimentales de temps de vidange d'un certain volume de suspension concentrée XF13333.. Il est ressorti que le modèle de temps d'écoulement proposé représente correctement la réalité.
Taousser, Fatima Zohra. "Analyse de stabilité des systèmes à commutations sur un domaine de temps non-uniforme." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0038/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the stability analysis of switched systems that evolve on non uniform time domain by introducing the time scale theory. We are interested mainly in dynamical linear switched systems defined on particular time scale T = P{tσk ,tk+1} = ∪∞k=0[tσk, tk+1]. The studied system switches between a continuous-time dynamical subsystem on the intervals ∪∞k=0[tσk, tk+1[ and a discrete-time dynamical subsystem on instants ∪∞k=0{tk+1} (a discrete time) with a time-varying discrete step. In a first part, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the exponential stability of this class of switched systems. Then necessary and sufficient conditions for stability are given by determining a region of exponential stability. In the second part, the stability of this class of switched systems with nonlinear uncertainties, is treated using majoration of the solution, and after that by introducing the approach of a common Lyapunov function. The third part is devoted to the consensus problem under intermittent information transmissions where the closed-loop multi-agent system can be represented as a switched system using a combination of linear continuous-time and linear discrete-time systems
Cai, Qing. "Fonction de la région occipito-temporale ventrale dans la reconnaissance des mots écrits : dans un cerveau atypique ou sous un format atypique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20009/document.
Full textThe principal aim of this work was to investigate the function of the ventral occipito-temporal (vOT) region in visual word recognition. Special emphasis was given to the relation between this region and anterior language regions and its role in perceptual expertise characteristic of reading. A second aim was to investigate the relationship between the cerebral lateralization of language and the right visual field (RVF) advantage in word reading. In the first study, by analyzing ERPs to printed words of readers with inversed cerebral lateralization for language production, we showed that reading-related vOT activation is lateralized to the same hemisphere as language production in both populations. To some extend vOT activity during reading seems therefore be modulated by processes in anterior language regions. In the second (fMRI) study, we manipulated the display format of words (horizontal vs. vertical) to test the reading related visual expertise at morpheme/bigramme level (Dehaene 2005) as well as at word level. This study showed no effects of format manipulation on left vOT activity but a strong effect on right vOT activity. All together, the results of our two studies suggest that the reading-related vOT activity results from the integration of general form recognition mechanisms with lateralized anterior language processes. Reading related visual expertise rather results from a disengagement of right vOT region than from a specialization of left vOT region, and is likely to involve adjustment of other regions in the reading network. Finally, in a third study, which measured word identification at different eccentricities in the two visual fields, we showed a different but not reversed pattern of visual field asymmetry for individuals with inversed language dominance. The RVF advantage in visual word recognition depends on language lateralization and is modulated by other factor such as learned attention bias
Bensaibi, Mahmoud. "Identification de la fonction de transfert d'une structure ou d'une sous-structure par méthodes fréquentielles et temporelles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0468.
Full textBhiri, Bassem. "Stabilité et stabilisation en temps fini des systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0100/document.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the finite time stability and the finite time stabilization of dynamic systems. Indeed, it is often important to ensure that during the transient regime, the state trajectories do not exceed certain predefined limits in order to avoid saturations and excitations of the nonlinearities of the system. Hence the interest is to study the stability of the dynamic system in finite time. A dynamic system is said to be stable in finite time (FTS) if, for any initial state belonging to a predetermined bounded set, the state trajectory remains within another predetermined bounded set for a finite and fixed time. When the system is disturbed, it is called finite time boundedness (FTB). In this manuscript, the goal is to improve the results of finite time stability used in the literature. First, new sufficient conditions expressed in terms of LMIs for the synthesis of an FTB controller by dynamic output feedback have been developed via an original descriptor approach. An original method has been proposed which consists in using a particular congruence transformation. Second, new LMI conditions for the study of finite time stability and finite time stabilization have been proposed for disturbed and undisturbed nonlinear quadratic systems. Third, to obtain even less conservative conditions, new developments have been proposed using polynomial Lyapunov functions
De, Smet Lieselot. "Création de systèmes polymères intelligents utilisant le cyclobis(paraquat-p-phénylène) et le cyclobis(paraquat-4,4'-biphénylène)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R006.
Full textThe development of smart or intelligent polymeric materials has gained a lot of attention over the past decades. Smart materials are described as materials that are capable of altering their properties and functions in response to small external environmental changes such as fluctuations in temperature. Within this rapidly advancing field, supramolecular chemistry, including host-guest complexation, has emerged as a powerful tool for the creation of these responsive materials due to their dynamic, reversible and adaptive nature towards external stimuli. These host-guest inclusion complexes consist mostly of a macrocyclic host molecule which can interact in a highly controlled and selective manner with one or more smaller guest molecules, via both random non-covalent interactions and specific three-dimensional spatial arrangements. The integration of these dynamic supramolecular assemblies into conventional polymer chemistry through the incorporation of either the macrocyclic host or, mostly, the electron rich guest has allowed us to develop the next generation advanced materials in a less time-consuming way. In this PhD thesis macrocyclic host molecule cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) and cyclobis(paraquat-4,4’-biphenylene) were incorporated in hydrophilic polymer systems (homopolymers, hydrogels) in a reversible manner. For thermoresponsive hydrogel systems, it was shown that they were able to remember how long they were exposed to a certain external temperature change. The complexation of these cyclophanes are accompagnied with a visible color change allowing the use of these materials for sensor applications
Verlut, Isabelle. "Composants cognitifs de l'apprentissage d'habilités : une approche neuropsychologique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T011.
Full textSalvin, Pauline. "Les signaux des femelles dans la communication intersexuelle ; études chez le canari domestique, Serinus canaria." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100137/document.
Full textMuch studies on reproduction and animal communication have considered the female as the passive sex; the role of the female during male-female interactions have often been overlooked. However, there is growing evidence that female behaviours can affect those of the males and that males can adjust their courtships to female behaviours. The aim of this thesis is to understand the signals produced by females during interactions with a male in a reproductive context in the domestic canary. Overall, my results show that females not only use their visual and acoustic signals, the copulation solicitation display and the female-specific trills, as an invitation to copulate but also to incite male to sing as an aid to sample potential mates. Then, these two signals could not have the same efficacy in different contexts of transmission. Moreover, the visual components of the communication seem to be more important than previously thought during intersexual interactions in this species. Finally, this thesis provides new elements about the female preferences for male songs and shows that methods used to test female preferences in laboratory are reliable and congruent. This thesis contributes to the growing number of researches showing that females play an active role in intersexual interactions
Meunier, Tristan. "Oscillations de Rabi induites par un renversement du temps : un test de la cohérence d'une superposition quantique mésoscopique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011329.
Full textNous présentons une étude expérimentale de cette intrication avec un atome de Rydberg circulaire et une cavité micro-onde supraconductrice. Pour sonder le champ, nous avons développé une mesure de la fonction ‘Q', appliquée à différents états : état à un photon, état cohérent. Nous avons ainsi mesuré la distance entre les composantes de phase produites par l'oscillation de Rabi. Cette mesure, au contraire de l'observation des résurgences, ne prouve pas la cohérence de la superposition. Nous avons donc induit ces résurgences par une transformation de l'état atomique, se ramenant à un renversement du temps, et obtenu ainsi une preuve de la création de superpositions quantiques mésoscopiques.
Shi, Yue. "Micro-mechanics-based models of monotonic and cyclic behaviors of quasi-brittle rock-like materials having an elasto-viscoplastic matrix with microcracks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN057.pdf.
Full textThe primary objective of this thesis is to model the macroscopic mechanical behavior of geomaterials under both instantaneous and time-dependent loading conditions. In this context, the studied material is modeled from the view of microstructure using well-suited localization and homogenization schemes. At the microscopic scale, it is assumed that microcracks have a penny-shaped morphology and are randomly embedded in an isotropic solid matrix. In framework of thermodynamics, two internal variables, inelastic strain and microcrack-induced damage, are both classified in consideration of instantaneous microcracking and sub-critical microcracking. The instantaneous damage is driven by a conjugated thermodynamics force, while the time-dependent damage evolves towards microstructure equilibrium. Further, the emphasis is put on modeling the solid matrix as a cohesive-friction component. This needs to introduce a new internal variable, plastic strain of matrix, resulting in a clearer brittle-ductile transition in the pre-peak regime, especially under relative high confining pressures. Next, the plastic compressible matrix is separately described by an associated and a non-associated flow rule in comparison with a large amount of test results. It is found that the non-associated model can well reproduce the compaction-dilatation transition with cyclic numbers. Finally, the unified model is developed to investigate the long-term behavior in terms of matrix viscoplasticity. The deformation mechanisms are analyzed regarding the coupling between matrix viscoplasticity and sub-critical propagation of microcracks
Cavichioli, Gonzaga Carlos Alberto. "Analyse de stabilité et de performance d'une classe de systèmes non-linéaires à commutations en temps discret." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0086/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, several problems of stability analysis and control design of discrete-time switched nonlinear systems are addressed. As main contribution, a new class of Lyapunov functions which takes the nonlinearity into account has been proposed. We show that these functions are suitable to solve the classical stability analysis problem of linear systems connected to a cone bounded nonlinearity. Instead of the original Lyapunov Lur'e function, the assumptions about the nonlinearity variation are not required. Furthermore, the local stability analysis and control synthesis problems of Lur'e systems subject to control saturation are tackled by considering the level set of our function as an estimate of the basin of attraction. We expose that this estimate, which is given by non-convex and disconnected sets, is less conservative than ellipsoidal sets. We extend these results in order to deal with the problems of stability analysis and stabilization of discrete-time switched nonlinear systems. On one hand, we consider the case of arbitrary switching such that our sufficient conditions assure the properties of stability for all possible switching rules. In this framework, we highlight that our function is able to provide a suitable estimate of the basin of attraction. On the other hand, we tackle the problem of switching rule design aiming at the stabilization of discrete-time switched systems with nonlinear modes. We propose a switching strategy depending on the minimum of our switched Lyapunov Lur'e function. Hence, our framework leads to state space partitions, related to the mode activation, which are not restricted to conic sets, commonly exhibited by the switched quadratic functions approaches
Nour, Chadi. "L'équation de Hamlilton-Jacobi en contrôle optimal : dualité et géodésiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003973.
Full textGlita, Ivan. "Les villes françaises en décroissance dans le temps long (1968-2017) : une typologie des trajectoires en fonction des composantes démographiques, des spécialisations économiques et de la diversité des contextes territoriaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H068.
Full textRecent studies in France reveal an increasing number of shrinking cities for at least a decade. There is a growing interest in those cities. Because of the diversity of definitions of urban shrinkage, we first identify shrinking cities by formalizing population movements for each of the 3,097 French urban units between 1962 and 2017. The results show that one-third of the agglomerations are affected by population loss, at different periods. In particular, in addition to the spectacular growth in number of shrinking cities during the 1970s and 1980s, following industrial crises and the rise of peri-urbanization, we identify a set of 441 agglomerations experiencing recent decline (since 1999). We then focus on the main factors of urban decline by analyzing three components of urban shrinkage. To show the demographic components of urban shrinkage we focus on the age structure, and on migration and natural balances. We analyze economic profiles with a database of employment trends and of economic specializations. Territorial contexts are also studied through the population evolution of areas surrounding shrinking urban units (changes in peri-urban areas and life basins) and with an urban-rural typology of territorial context (defining if an area is more or less metropolitan, more or less rural, within a two-hour radius from the declining agglomeration). Finally, we create a typology of declining urban units in France, distinguishing five major profiles
Lecoutre, Baptiste. "Transport quantique d'atomes ultra-froids en milieu désordonné : Temps de diffusion élastique et fonctions spectrales." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP060.
Full textThis manuscript presents the work of a thesis dealing with the quantum transport of matter-waves in optical disordered potentials. This thesis lies in the context of the experimental study of the critical regime of the Anderson transition separating the localized states of a quantum particle in a disordered potential from its diffusive states. We will first present the fundamental concepts of wave propagation in disordered media to introduce the phenomenon of Anderson localization, for which we will establish the state of the art of its study with ultracold atoms. We will then present our apparatus, generating Bose-Einstein condensates as sources of matter-waves as well as our setup generating a spin-dependant optical disorder. We will focus on the upgrades we brought to our experiment to overcome the limitations previously encountered. After the introduction of these concepts, we will focus on the measurement of the elastic scattering time which is one the elmentary parameters of wave propagation in disorder. We will finish by connecting those measurements to the concept of spectral function, previously measured with our experiment. All those works pave the way to the spectrocopic study of the Anderson transition with ultracold atoms