Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prefab'

Prefabricering eller platsbyggt hus? Många ställer sig den frågan. Vad finns det för fördelar respektive nackdelar med prefab

gentemot platsbyggt hus? Vilka ritningar behövs och hur går man tillväga?

Detta examensarbete är en framtagning på hur man anpassar ett småhus till prefabricering.

Platsbyggt hus är ett hus som byggs på plats. Material fraktas dit, förvaras och kapas.

Den vanligaste byggmetoden för byggande av hus.

Prefabricering av hus är däremot ett hus som byggs i en fabrik eller industri. Huset byggs i färdiga block som kan innehålla

fönster, dörrar, el och vattenledningar etc.

På arbetsplatsen lyfts blocken på plats och monteras ihop.

Prefabricate or on-site made house ? Many ask that question. What are the advantage and disadvantage with prefabricate

towards on-site made house ? Which drawings need to be done and how do you draw them?

This diplomawork deal with how you adjust a house into prefabricate.

On-site made house is a house that is build on place. Materials freights there, stores and bucks. The most common

construction method.

Prefabricated house is however a house that are built in a factory or in a industry. The house build in complete blocks and

can include things like windows, doors, electricity and pipelines etcetera.

At the workplace they lift the blocks in place and assembles together.

The Results of this thesis was the creation of two designed house variants with a module to

all the apartments. In addition till the first module there are three other modules of

apartments that can be put in the houses if it so needs. The house are volume prefabricated

and are placed on site in a way that it create an enclosure of the area which faces against the

nature and car parks also lies hidden behind these houses.

For the actual structure, a cross beam was created to carry the floor above and it is support

by all four walls. The structure between the first and the second floor has no "syll" but

instead there are two differently alternative to linking the floors in order so that it will not

move. The reason with this solution was that there will not be any subsidence when the

forces from above are pressed down ward. The forces are instead directly down to the next

timber frame system. This can happen when the real estate's owner might want to build

more floors on the house than the present two floors house when there is no land to build

and spaces are needed in the future.

Syftet med examensarbetet är att göra en jämförelse mellan prefabricerade och platsbyggda tak. Arbetes mål är att finna om något av alternativen är mer fördelaktigt än det andra med avseende på ekonomi, arbetsmiljö och kvalité. Två olika byggarbetsplatser har besökts för att samla in kunskap om hur arbetet går till. För prefabricerat tak har bygget av en eventhall i Kristinehamn studerats och för traditionellt platsbyggt besöktes en sporthall i Årjäng. Genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer med leverantörer och insatta personer i branschen har kännedom skaffats.

Prefabricerade tak har använts med stor framgång i Norge under en längre tid men är inte lika vanligt här i Sverige. Genom att öka förståelsen för för- och nackdelarna med prefabricerade element kan dessa utnyttjas med större framgång. Genom att branschen pressas hela tiden att bygga snabbare och billigare kan prefabricerat vara en väg att nå dessa mål.

The main purpose with this diploma work is to compare the two production methods, premanufacturing and on-site construction. The goal is to deduce if one of the alternatives is more attractive than the other in view of economy, work environment and quality. To gather information about how the construction works, two various construction sites have been studied. The premanufactured roof was studied in Kristinehamn during the construction of an eventhall and for the on-site construction a sport arena in Årjäng. Information was also gathered through a literature study and by interviewing active persons in the building industry.

The premanufactured roofs have been used in Norway with great success during a long period of time but are not that common here in Sweden. By increasing the understanding of the advantage and disadvantage of premanufactured building elements, they can be used with greater success. The building industry has under some time been pushed to build cheaper and faster, maybe the premanufactured element is the way to achieve this goal.

This diploma work is about the comparison between the prefabricated and on-site mixed concrete frames for Cleopatra that is a multi-residential building in Västerås, Sweden. Prefabricated and on-site mixed concrete structures are two methods used in the construction of new buildings.

Due to lack of time after procurement of project contractors usually do not have time to make a detailed study for the selection of frames. In such cases they select a frame that has been chosen for previous projects with the lowest price that takes into account the client's budget for the project. The comparison is made between the prefabricated structure and the current structure which is on-site mixed with concrete and prefabricated concrete columns and concrete stairs for kv.  Kleopatra. It is very time-efficient in the current situation to make use of prefabricated pillars and cement stairs. Pillars and beams are chosen to be made on-site moulded because there is a very few and due to that it is more expensive to buy these as prefabricated. The extra cost will be when the prefabricated factory use specific forms for those parts which are then discarded and the cost of these forms is then allocated on number of pillars and beams. On-site moulded structures are being built at the workplace and in need of reinforcement, forming, stamping, bending back, ready-mix concrete, crane, equipment for drying, calendaring, glazing and conservation. Prefab structures are built at the factory and transported to the construction site, and then they have a need for the crane, ready-mix concrete, reinforcement for floor plate and calendaring, glazing for these. The choice between the prefabricated and on-site mixed frame for kv. Kleopatra affects the environment, working environment, quality and timing and costs differently. These points are investigated and compared for the quarter. Kleopatra and the results we have arrived at through various methods, including interviews, surveys, literature studies and further research we have done. We have come to different conclusions for the work environment, quality, environment,timeschedule and costs.

Det här examensarbetet på kandidatnivå resulterar i en undersökning av Derome AB:s nuvarande emballage till prefabricerade väggar och bjälklag. Dagens emballage för prefabväggar och bjälklag följer inte med i utvecklingen. I arbetet undersöks möjligheterna att gå från plastemballage till pappemballage genom materialstudier och med den hållbara utvecklingen i åtanke.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att jämföra de två byggproduktionsmetoderna, industriellt/prefabricerat byggande och platsbygge. Vi undersöka om någon av metoderna är fördelaktigare än det andra, samt varför man allt mer använder sig av prefabricerat. Jämförelsen behandlar främst aspekterna byggtid, ekonomi och kvalitet. Genom en litteraturstudie och intervjuer med aktiva personer inom byggbranschen har vi införskaffat oss det material vi behöver.

Att bygga och montera så mycket som möjligt inne i fabrik gör att kvaliteten ökar då materialet inte utsätts för fukt och kyla före montering. Huset byggs upp mycket fortare då byggarbetsplatsen endast blir en montageplats av olika färdiga delar. Materiallager på bygget försvinner då delarna levereras när de ska monteras.

Levereras elementen i tid minskas också byggtiden, vilket i sig innebär lägre kostnader.

The main purpose with this diplomawork is to compare the two production methods,

premanufacturing and on-site construction. We want to investigate if one of the methods is more advantageous than the other and why premanufactured elements are used more often. The comparisons mostly consider aspects of building time, economy and quality. We gathered the material we needed through a literature study and by interviewing active persons in the building industry.

Building as much as possible in a production hall increases the quality since it’s not being exposed to moisture and cold before assembly. The house is built much faster when the building site becomes a montage place with different finished elements. There is no material storage at the building site since the elements are delivered when it’s time to assemble the specific element. If the elements are delivered when needed, building time will decrease which means reduced costs for the whole project.

Background: The most energy efficient houses today are so called passive houses. These houses achieve high energy-efficiency partly by having well insulated walls. U-value describes the amount of heat transfered through a building element, the more insulation, the smaller U-value. A typical passive house wall have a U-value of 0.10 W/m2,°C. The passive houses are primarily made as small family houses and not as a block of apartments. This is partly because the bigger houses often are made of prefabricated walls, which at present times are not made with enough insulation. One construction method common in prefabrication is a sandwich-construction with two layer of concrete surrounding a core of cellular plastic. Skanska is making this type of walls in a factory on Gotland.

We wanted to combine the energy efficiency of passive housing with the efficiency of

prefabricated sandwich-walls.

Aims: To present a suggestion of a sandwich-construction made with concrete and cellular plastic with a U-value below 0.10 W/m2,°C, that could be implemented in the factory on Gotland.

Methods: By analyzing systems of today we developed two different models that have a U-value below 0.10 W/m2,°C. The first system was developed from a system used in Skanska’s factory on Gotland and the second one was based on a system delivered by Halfen DEHA. This was made through empirical tests and theoretical calculations. We compared the developed systems in terms of the conditions in Skanska’s factory on Gotland.

Result and discussion: The system based on Halfen DEHA needs a larger amount of shackles, than the system developed from Skanska’s present system. This leads to the need of thicker insulation to achieve the desired U-value. The reason is that the Skanska-based system uses a combination of shackles and cellular plastic to carry the loads of the coating layer while the Halfen DEHA depends on the shackles alone. We believe that the first of our two developed systems is the best in terms of the ease in adopting to the production method in Skanska’s factory. The second system is safer in terms of controlling the production and has the possibility to have an air gap.

Conclusion: In the rapport we present a sandwich-construction system that has a U-value below 0.10 W/m2,°C, that we believe would work for prefabrication of wall structures and could be easily adopted in Skanska’s factory on Gotland.

Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka om det är möjligt att överföra hallbyggnadsteknik till produktion av småhus för att sänka produktionskostnaderna. Studien visar att hallbyggnadsteknik enkelt går att överföra till en villa. Dessutom blir det billigare att bygga klimatskalet med vårt byggsystem jämfört med ett traditionellt prefabricerat småhus. Genom detta system kan den totala byggkostnaden för villan i jämförelsen sänkas med 3-10 % beroende på vilket fasadmaterial som väljs.

The aim with this diploma work is to see if it is possible to transfer the technology used for industrial buildings to the production of small houses to lower the production costs. In the report, we show that the industrial building technology is possible to transfer to a small house. It also becomes more efficient to build the climate shell with our construction system compared with a traditional prefabricated small house. The total construction cost can with our system be reduced with 3-10 % depending on which facade material that is chosen.