Academic literature on the topic 'Preeclampsia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Preeclampsia"
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Evaluation the Levels of Serum Hormones (Progesterone, Estradiol, and hCG) in Preeclamptic IraqiPregnancies." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 2 (June 3, 2012): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.2.244-250.
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This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of steroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in preeclamptic Iraqi pregnancies compared to those of healthy pregnancies.This study enrolled 120 pregnant women, divided into four groups:1. 30 healthy pregnant women.2. 37 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia3. 53 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia4. 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia Preeclamptic women and their severe cases but not mild cases had significantly (P
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Bereketoğlu, Ceyhun, Mülkiye Kasap, and Ayfer Pazarbaşı. "Studies on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Genotype Distributions in Turkish Preeclampsia Patients." Journal of Pregnancy 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/108206.
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Placental, immune and genetic factors are thought to play an important role in preeclampia (PE)’s pathophysiology. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays a vital role in the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) which regulates blood pressure by converting angiotensin I into a powerfull vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. A deletion polymorphism (D allele) has been reported to be associated with elevated ACE activity. The aim of the this study was to investigate whether there is an association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and PE. In this study, 120 preeclamptic and 116 normotensive Turkish pregnant women were genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphism and the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of this polymorphism in preeclampsia and controls were evaluated. Codominant, dominant and recessive models were appplied in ACE gene I/D polymorphism. In the codominant model, DD genotype was found significantly more frequent in preeclampsia than controls (P=0.016). Moreover, in dominant model (DD frequency versus DI+II frequency) there was a significant relation between DD genotype and preeclampsia (P=0.006). D allele frequency was 64.6% in preeclampsia while it was 56.1% in controls (P=0.062). In conclusion, there was significant difference in genotype distribution between preeclampsia and controls.
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Mira Kusuma Wardhani. "TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2 levels in women with normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with sepsis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 358–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.3.0948.
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Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder in pregnancy with a worldwide prevalence of about 5-8% of cases. TNF is the main physiological mediator of the inflammatory process. These membrane-bound and soluble cytokines are biologically active. They have different affinities for two types of TNF receptors, apoptotic receptors (TNFR1) and non-apoptotic receptors (TNFR2). This study reveals the levels of TNF-α, TNF-R1, TNF-R2 in women with normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia with sepsis. An observational analytic cross sectional research design is applied. The minimum number of sample is 14 women for each group (group 1: women with normal pregnancy, group 2: preeclampsia, and group 3: preeclampsia with sepsis). The results show that · There is an increase in TNF- levels in preeclamptic women and in preeclamptic women with sepsis · There is an increase in TNF-R1 receptor levels in preeclamptic women and in preeclamptic women with sepsis There is an increase in TNF-R2 receptor levels in preeclamptic women and in preeclamptic women with sepsis.
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Rahardjo, Bambang, Tatit Nurseta, and Aqua Rossalinda Sinaga. "Profile Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Procalcitonin in Preeclampsia and Preeclampsia with Sepsis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, B (May 4, 2023): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.11644.
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BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is hypertension in pregnancy which are characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria that occur after 20 weeks of GA. Preeclampsia remains a massive cause of maternal morbidity and mortality that 50.000 death annually. The cause of preeclampsia is still unclear but there is a possibility caused by immunological processes in micro placenta environment during the early age of pregnancy. It is suggested that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) has an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is an extreme feature of the systemic inflammatory response during pregnancy. Systemic inflammation in preeclampsia can cause organ damage and induce sepsis. The pathophysiology is initiated by a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokine that released by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Beside pro-inflammatory cytokine, the marker of sepsis can be shown by procalcitonin (PCT) that produced by PBMC which is activated by TNF-α. AIM: The objective of the study is to evaluate profile maternal plasma levels of TNF-α and PCT and analyze their correlation in normotensive pregnant woman, preeclamptic and preeclampsia with sepsis. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study. The sample were normotensive, preeclamptic, and preeclamptic with sepsis (n = 18) in Bangil Hospital, Pasuruan. The level of TNF-α and PCT was measured by ELISA. The statistical analysis with SPSS 18.0 with p < 0.05. RESULTS: This study showed level of TNF-α and PCT in preeclamptic with sepsis was significantly higher than control (p < 0.05) and not a significant difference in preeclampsia (p > 0.05). The level of TNF-α and PCT in preeclampsia compared with control was not a significant difference (p > 0.05). This study showed there was no correlation between TNF-α and PCT in patients with preeclampsia with sepsis. CONCLUSION: The plasma level of TNF-α and PCT was statistically different between the control group, preeclampsia and preeclampsia with sepsis. There was no significant difference of TNF-α and PCT plasma level in preeclampsia with sepsis than preeclampsia group. There was no significant correlation between preeclampsia in woman and preeclampsia with sepsis in maternal plasma TNF-α and PCT levels.
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Ekasari, Tutik, and Mega Silvian Natalia. "Pengaruh Pemeriksaan Kehamilan secara Teratur terhadap Kejadian Preeklamsi." JI-KES (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan) 3, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33006/ji-kes.v3i1.125.
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ABSTRAKKematian ibu tertinggi disebabkan oleh Preeklamsi. Kejadian preeklamsia dapat dikatakan sebagai masalah kesehatan masyarakat jika CaseFatalityRate (CFR) preeklamsia mencapai 1,4% - 1,8%.Menurut data terakhir prevalensi kejadian preeklamsia di Indonesia sekitar 3-10%. Angka tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kejadian preeklamsia di Indonesia melewati batas CFR sehingga preeklamsia menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) pada tahun 2017 di Kabupaten Probolinggo sebanyak 14 orang. Penyebab langsung kematian ibu pada tahun 2017 disebabkan karena Perdarahan (15%), Preeklamsi/Eklamsi (50%), Infeksi (5%), Emboli Air Ketuban (5%), dan Lain-lain(25%). Semakin meningkatnya kejadian preeklampsi di Kabupaten Probolinggo diduga karena ibu hamil tidak memeriksakan kehamilannya secara teratur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemeriksaan kehamilan secara teratur terhadap kejadian preeklamsia.Desain yang digunakananalitik korelasional dengan pendekatan Retrospektifstudy. Populasi yang digunakan semua ibu hamil pada tahun 2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling dan diperoleh sampel sejumlah 200 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 50% ibu hamil yang mengalami preeklamsi, sedangkan 59% dari ibu hamil yang mengalami preeklamsi tidak memeriksakan kehamilannya secara teratur. Setelah dianalisis dengan Chi Square didapatkan p value 0,003 yang artinya ada pengaruh pemeriksaan kehamilan secara teratur terhadap kejadian preeklamsi. Kata kunci : pemeriksaan kehamilan, teratur, preeklamsi ABSTRACTThe highest maternal mortality is caused Preeclampsia. The incidence of preeclampsia can be said to be a public health problem if the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of preeclampsi areaches 1.4% - 1.8%. According to the latest data, the prevalence of preeclampsiain Indonesia is around 3-10%. This figures hows that the incidence of preeclampsiain Indonesia exceeds the CFR limit so that preeclampsia is one of the public health problems. The maternal mortality rate (AKI) in 2017 in Probolinggo Districtis 14 people. The direct cause of maternal deathin 2017 is caused by bleeding (15%), preeclampsia / eclampsia (50%), infection (5%), amnioticembolism (5%), and others (25%). The increasing incidence of preeclampsiain Probolinggo Regency is suspected because pregnant women do not check their pregnancy regularly. This study aims to analyze the effect of regular pregnancy examinations on the incidence of preeclampsia. The design used correlational analytic with a retrospective study approach. The population used was all pregnant women in 2018. The sampling technique was purposive sampling and a sample of 200 people met the inclusion criteria. Data collection used questionnaires and interviews. The statistical test used is Chi Square. The results showed that there were 50% of pregnant women who experienced preeclampsia, while 59% of pregnant women who experienced preeclampsia did not check their pregnancy regularly. After being analyzed with Chi Square, it was obtained p value 0.003, which means that the reisan effect of regula rpregnancy examinations on the incidence of preeclampsia. Keywords: pregnancy checkup, regular, preeclampsia
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Akhter, Selina, Taskina Ali, Shelina Begum, and Sultana Ferdousi. "Micronutrient Deficiency in Severe Preeclampsia." Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist 8, no. 1 (October 25, 2013): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i1.16644.
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Background:. Micronutrient such as calcium, magnesium and zinc deficiency are associated with preeclampsia. Objective: To observe serum calcium, magnesium and zinc levels in severe preeclamptic women. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka from July 2009 to June 2010. 60 cases of preeclampsia, aged 18-39 years and >20th weeks of pregnancy were included in the study group. They were further sub divided into group B1 (30 mild preeclampsia) and group B2 (30 severe preeclampsia). Age and gestational period matched 30 normotensive pregnant women (Group A) were also studied as control. All the preeclamptic women were selected from the Obstetric and Gynaecology in and out patient Department of BSMMU and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Serum calcium and magnesium was measured by colorimetric and serum zinc was measured by spectrophotometric method. For statistical analysis one way ANOVA, independent sample t test and ÷2 test were used. Results: The mean serum calcium, magnesium and zinc levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower in both group of preeclampsia than normotensive pregnant women. Again serum calcium and zinc levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in severe preeclampsia compared to mild preeclampsia whereas serum magnesium levels were found almost similar in both group of preeclampsia (P>0.05). Again in this study, 40% mild, 73.3 % severe preeclamptic women and 20% normotensive pregnant women had hypocalcaemia. 36.7% mild, 30.0% severe preeclamptic women and 3.3% normotensive pregnant women had hypomagnesaemia and 6.7% mild, 20 % severe preeclamptic women and no normotensive pregnant women had hypozincemia. Conclusion: This study may conclude that micronutrient deficiency may be one of the risk factor of preeclampsia and increases the risk of its severity. Therefore early detection and supplementation to treat this deficiency may reduce the incidence of preeclampsia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i1.16644 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2013, June; 8(1): 26-32
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Laskowska, Marzena. "Altered Maternal Serum Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in Severe Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6432426.
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Objective. The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal serum matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, 9, and 13 levels differ in early- and late-onset preeclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancies. Patients and Methods. The study was carried out in 125 pregnant women (29 with early-onset preeclampsia; 31 preeclamptic patients with late-onset preeclampsia; and 65 healthy pregnant controls). Levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were measured in the maternal serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Maternal serum MMP-2 levels in both the groups of preeclamptic women were significantly higher than those in the controls. Levels of MMP-3 were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients with early-onset disease; however, the MMP-3 levels in patients with late-onset preeclampsia were similar to those observed in the control subjects. MMP-9 levels were lower whereas the levels of MMP-13 were higher in both preeclamptic groups of pregnant women than in the healthy controls, but these differences were statistically insignificant. Conclusions. One important finding of the present study was that MMP-3 appears to be involved solely in early-onset preeclampsia, but not in late-onset preeclampsia. Higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-13 and lower levels of MMP-9 seem to be related to both early- and late-onset severe preeclampsia.
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Dewantiningrum, Julian, and Zaki Hetami. "Level of hsCRP Maternal Serum During Puerperium of Severe Preeclampsia." Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v4i1.2501.
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Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia arestill major problemsin the world. Maternal mortality of severe preeclampsia at the puerperal period is likely to be greater because of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD). HsCRP (high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) is a usefull prediction for CVD among non preeclamptic patients. Before using hsCRP as a marker for that prediction of cardiovascular event from preeclamptic patient, we should do research to know difference of hsCRP between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.Objective: To determine the differences levels of hsCRP among severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancyMethod : A cross sectional study was conducted to severe preeclampsia. The inclusion criteria were subjects in puerperal period (2- 6 weeks) with a history of severe preeclampsia and normotensive.Exclusion criteria were puerperal infection, chronic hypertension, metabolic syndrome, caesarean section delivery and refuse to join this research. All subjects were examined the levels of hsCRP maternal serum when blood pressure £140 / 90.Result: Subjects were consist of 26 severe preeclampsia (53%) and 23 normal pregnancy (46.9%). Level of hsCRP in severe preeclampsia was 4.73 +3.57while in normotensive 2.42 +4.14 (p <0.05). Severe preeclampsia group will increase the risk of hsCRP rise as much as 2.5 times compared to the normotensive group.Conclusion:Level of hsCRP in patients with preeclampsia post partum were higher than patients with normal pregnancies.
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Timalsina, S., and P. Gyawali. "Can serum prolactin be a reliable marker for preeclampsia? A hospital based study on Nepalese mothers." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12558.
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Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific complication characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and oedema. It has remained as a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The major function of prolactin is its role in lactation during pregnancy, but many authors have claimed that this hormone is also involved in angiogenesis, thus linking it with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In this context, our study aims to compare the serum prolactin level between preeclamptic and healthy pregnancies and correlate with the severity.A total of 54 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 60 age and gestational weeks matched healthy pregnant women were recruited in this case control study. Preeclampsia was defined as per Australasian Society Consensus Statement research definition. Among 54 preeclamptic women, 41 had mild preeclampsia and 13 had severe preeclampsia. The mean age and the gestational weeks of the preeclamptic cases and pregnant controls were not significantly different. This study showed that the median concentration of prolactin was significantly higher in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancies (156.6 vs. 129.8 ng/mL, P=0.012). Though the median concentration of prolactin was higher in severe preeclampsia in comparison to mild one, the difference did not reach the significant level (228.3 vs.152.9 ng/mL, P=0.061). No significant correlation of prolactin was found with mean arterial pressure and 24h UTP. Due to poor correlation with established markers of severity, serum prolactin is not a reliable marker of preeclampsia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12558
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Fato, Bianca R., Natasha de Alwis, Sally Beard, Natalie K. Binder, Natasha Pritchard, Stephen Tong, Tu’uhevaha J. Kaitu’u-Lino, and Natalie J. Hannan. "Serum Collected from Preeclamptic Pregnancies Drives Vasoconstriction of Human Omental Arteries—A Novel Ex Vivo Model of Preeclampsia for Therapeutic Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 10852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810852.
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New-onset maternal hypertension is a hallmark of preeclampsia, driven by widespread endothelial dysfunction and systemic vasoconstriction. Here, we set out to create a new ex vivo model using preeclamptic serum to cause injury to the endothelium, mimicking vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia and offering the potential to evaluate candidate therapeutic interventions. Human omental arteries were collected at caesarean section from normotensive pregnant patients at term (n = 9). Serum was collected from pregnancies complicated by preterm preeclampsia (birth < 34 weeks’ gestation, n = 16), term preeclampsia (birth > 37 weeks’ gestation, n = 5), and healthy gestation-matched controls (preterm n = 16, term n = 12). Using wire myography, we performed ex vivo whole vessel assessment where human omental arteries were treated with increasing doses of each serum treatment (2–20%) and vasoreactivity was assessed. All pregnant serum treatments successfully drove vasoconstriction; no significant difference was observed in the degree of vasoconstriction when exposed to preeclamptic or control serum. We further demonstrated the ability of esomeprazole (a candidate therapeutic for preeclampsia; 0.1–100 µM) to drive vasorelaxation of pre-constricted vessels (only with serum from preeclamptic patients). In summary, we describe a novel human physiological model of preeclamptic vascular constriction. We demonstrate its exciting potential to screen drugs for their therapeutic potential as treatment for vasoconstriction induced by preeclampsia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Preeclampsia"
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Tsiakkas, Andreas. "Screening for preeclampsia." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617510/.
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Background: Preeclampsia (PE) affects 2-3% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is thought to occur due to abnormal placentation characterised by poor trophoblastic invasion resulting in oxidative stress and release of factors that promote endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. The current approach of screening for PE is to identify risk factors from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history. In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued guidelines recommending that women should be considered to be at high risk of developing PE if they have any 1 high-risk factor or any 2 moderate-risk factors. With this approach, defined by NICE, at a screen positive rate of 11%, the detection rate (DR) for total PE is 35%. Such a screening approach has two main limitations. Firstly, it does not provide individualised, patient specific results and secondly, it does not allow the integration of biomarkers for improving the performance of the screening test. However, the integration of such biomarkers is essential in achieving an effective screening strategy for PE. Objectives: The aims of the papers included in this thesis are firstly, to identify and quantify the effects of variables from maternal characteristics and medical history on specific biochemical markers, secondly to present a model for standardising biochemical marker measurements in all three trimesters of pregnancy into multiples of the normal median (MoM) values, thirdly to summarize the distribution of MoM values in pregnancies with normal outcomes and those that subsequently develop PE and fourthly, to examine the potential improvement in performance of screening for PE at 30-34 weeks’ gestation by maternal factors alone with the addition of biophysical and biochemical markers. Methods: The data for this thesis were derived from prospective screening of women with singleton pregnancies attending for three routine hospital visits at 12, 22 and 32 or 36 weeks’ gestation. We have recorded a series of maternal characteristics and history, measured the maternal weight and height as well as the uterine artery pulsatility index (UTPI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum concentration of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLIT-1). The pregnancy outcomes were obtained from the hospital maternity records or the general medical practitioners of the women. Bayes theorem was used to combine the a priori risk from maternal factors with various combinations of biomarker MoM values. The potential value of biophysical and biochemical markers in improving the performance in screening for PE were evaluated. Results: Firstly, in pregnancies that developed PE, serum PlGF is decreased, while sFLIT-1, MAP and UTPI were increased, secondly, the separation in MoM values from normal is greater with earlier than later gestational age at which delivery for PE is necessary and thirdly, the slope of the regression lines of PlGF MoM with gestational age at delivery in pregnancies that develop PE increases with gestational age at screening. Combined screening at 30-34 weeks’ gestation by maternal factors, MAP, UTPI, PlGF, and sFLIT-1 predicted 98% (95% confidence interval, 88- 100%) of preterm PE and 49% (95% confidence interval, 42-57%) of term PE, at a false positive rate of 5%. Conclusions: This thesis has demonstrated that biophysical and biochemical markers increase significantly the performance of screening for PE and as a result the timing and content of clinical visits can be defined by the patient-specific risk of developing the disease. The vast majority of women would be screened low risk and these can follow the routine antenatal care, whereas those few who are high risk could be directed to a more specialized pathway, where early therapeutic interventions prophylactically may lead to the prevention of the disease and close follow-up will reduce the adverse consequences of PE.
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Sandgren, Jeremy Anton. "Vasopressin in preeclampsia." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6849.
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Preeclampsia is a devastating disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria, headache, renal glomerular endotheliosis, multi-organ system failure, and fetal and maternal demise. As reviewed in Chapter I, not much is known about the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, contributing to a lack of biomarkers and treatments for the disease. In Chapter II, we review arginine vasopressin, a circulating neuropeptide hormone with important fluid balance and cardiovascular actions. Vasopressin binds to numerous receptors throughout the body to elicit its effects and is associated with various disease states. In Chapter III, we discuss evidence for vasopressin as an etiology of preeclampsia. Specifically, that vasopressin secretion is elevated very early in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia and infusion of vasopressin into pregnant C57BL/6J mice causes physiological features similar to those seen in preeclampsia. In Chapter IV, we show that vasopressin administration during mouse pregnancy models specific subtypes of preeclampsia through time- and receptor-specific mechanisms. The role of angiotensin 1a receptors on vasopressin-producing cells in fluid homeostasis is shown in Chapter V and their role in metabolism is depicted in Chapter VI. Overall, we conclude that vasopressin is an important mediator of features of preeclampsia and that angiotensin 1a receptors on vasopressin-producing cells are important for normal fluid homeostasis.
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Abu-alkheir, Wijdan Yahya. "Novel factors in preeclampsia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047860/.
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Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of human pregnancy that is characterised by widespread vascular endothelial cell activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The regulation of chemokines and adhesion molecules in these cells is important in inflammatory responses. This thesis explores the hypothesis that the levels of soluble Fractalkine (sFkn), a marker of inflammation, are increased in PE, and that over-expression of the protective enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO- 1), reduces sFkn. We found that sFkn release was not increased in plasma and placenta lysates in patients with PE compared to normal pregnancy. However, it was induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Honokiol, an antioxidant agent, significantly reduced sFkn release. Collectively, these studies indicate that cytoprotective HO-1 pathway and Honokiol may offer partial protection against PE, by down-regulating sFkn and reducing the impact of pro-inflammatory factors in PE. Affymetrix Gene array profile of human placenta identified high expression of two new factors involved in the pathogenesis of PE, Noggin, and Leucine rich and immunoglobulin like domains protein 1 (Lrig1). This led us to investigate whether the expression level of Noggin and Lrig1 changes in preeclamptic placentas. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed no significant differences in expression of Noggin at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level between normal and IV preeclamptic placenta. Western blot (WB) analysis of Noggin demonstrated an increase in the expression levels throughout gestation. In contrast, the expression of Lrig1, both at mRNA and at the protein level, was significantly higher in the PE placenta compared to the normal placenta. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Noggin and Lrig1 are expressed and localised in the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. These data suggest that Noggin and Lrig1 are found in human placenta and their expression is altered in PE. Further studies are needed to validate the significance of these early studies.
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Akolekar, Ranjit. "Early prediction of preeclampsia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25473.
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Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued guidelines on routine antenatal care recommending that at the booking visit a woman’s level of risk for PE should be determined and the subsequent intensity of antenatal care should be based on this risk assessment. This method relies on a risk scoring system derived from maternal characteristics and medical history; the performance of screening by this method is poor with detection of less than 50% of cases of preterm-PE and term-PE. The objective of this thesis is to develop a method for the estimation of the patient-specific risk for PE by combining the a priori risk based on maternal characteristics and medical history with the results of biophysical and biochemical markers obtained at 11-13 weeks’ gestation. Such early identification of high-risk pregnancies could lead to the use of pharmacological interventions, such as low-dose aspirin, which could prevent the development of the disease. The data for the thesis were derived from two types of studies: First, prospective screening in 65,771 singleton pregnancies, which provided data for maternal factors and serum pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). In an unselected sequential process we also measured uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) in 45,885 of these pregnancies, mean arterial pressure (MAP) in 35,215 cases and placental growth factor (PLGF) in 14,252 cases. Second, cases-control studies for evaluating the ten most promising biochemical markers identified from search of the literature; for these studies we used stored serum or plasma samples obtained during screening and measured PLGF, Activin-A, Inhibin-A, placental protein-13 (PP13), P-selectin, Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), soluble Endoglin (sEng), Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (s-Flt-1). A competing risk model was developed which is based on Bayes theorem and combines the prior risk from maternal factors with the distribution of biomarkers to derive patient-specific risk for PE at different stages in pregnancy. The prior risk was derived by multiple regression analysis of maternal factors in the screening study. The distribution of biophysical and biochemical markers was derived from both the screening study and the case-control studies. The prior risk increased with advancing maternal age, increasing weight, was higher in women of Afro-Caribbean and South-Asian racial origin, those with a previous pregnancy with PE, conception by in vitro fertilization and medical history of chronic hypertension, type 1 diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The estimated detection rate (DR) of PE requiring delivery at < 34, < 37 weeks’ gestation and all PE, at false positive rate (FPR) of 10%, in screening by maternal factors were 51, 43 and 40%, respectively. The addition of biochemical markers to maternal factors, including maternal serum PLGF and PAPPA, improved the performance of screening with respective DRs of 74, 56 and 41%. Similarly, addition of biophysical markers to maternal factors, including uterine artery PI and MAP, improved the performance of screening with respective DRs of 90, 72 and 57%. The combination of maternal factors with all the above biophysical and biochemical markers improved the respective DRs to 96, 77 and 54%. The findings of these studies demonstrate that a combination of maternal factors, biophysical and biochemical markers can effectively identify women at high-risk of developing PE.
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Tahir, Hassaan. "Familial Aggregation of Severe Preeclampsia." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73266.
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It has been proved from several studies that the genetic influence has been the most significant factor for having preeclampsia (PE). Still there are many uncertainties about origin and magnitude of the genetic effects as no specific inheritance patterns have been established. In this study, heritage risk of PE is in both the woman’s family and her partner’s family to her risk of PE is examined, along women and men own history with same and different partners. Moreover it is also examined whether timing of onset of PE is also has any impact on familial clustering of PE. Here, we used the population based Danish birth and multi generation registers to identify a cohort of women who have given birth during 1978 to 2008; which consisted of 1,79,69,28 singleton deliveries. This information is linked with pedigree information from the Danish Family Relation Database to define both maternal and paternal relationships. Risk ratios were estimated comparing women with and without various PE histories. It is found that the recurrence risk of a woman suffering from PE is 12.4 with 95% confidence limits (11.9, 12.8). Woman's recurrence risk diminishes only slightly when she changes partner means that particularly maternal genetic factors play the largest role, compared to male partner whose recurrence risk almost diminishes if he changes his female partner. Women and men from families with PE contribute to risk of PE in pregnancies they are involved in. The woman’s family history is still more important compared to man family history of PE; except for increased rick in pregnancies fathered by men who were born to preeclamptic mothers. The recurrence risk of a women suffering from PE, if she already has suffered from this condition before 34 weeks is found to be very high (RR=25.4 with 95% confidence limits (21.8, 29.1)) with same male partner. It is found that early-onset PE and later-onset varieties have a clear genetic component but the intensity of early onset is stronger than late onset varieties. There are both maternal and paternal genetic contributions to early-onset PE, with the maternal ones seeming to be stronger.
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Vanderlelie, Jessica, and n/a. "Placental Oxidative Stress in Preeclampsia." Griffith University. School of Medical Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060918.161726.
Full textAbstract:
Affecting 6-8% of all pregnancies, preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal morbidity in the western world and is charactensed by hypertension, proteinuria, edema and platelet aggregation. Despite its prevalence and severity, no comprehensive theory or single factor has been suggested to explain the pathophysiology of this multi system disorder of pregnancy, with the only therapies being bed rest, pharmacological symptom management and if necessary early delivery. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, resulting from defective trophoblast invasion, reductions in placental perfusion and placental hypoxia/reoxygenation. The inability of endogenous antioxidant systems up regulated in normal pregnancy, to control increased levels of oxidative stress, is suggested as a possible factor in the feed forward generation of reactive oxygen species and placental oxidative stress. That in turn may stimulate increased syncytiotrophoblast apoptosis, endothelial cell activation and the maternal hyper immune response characteristic of preeclampsia. Analysis of the research literature revealed that previous evaluations of placental oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in preeclampsia were by no means comprehensive, and exhibited significant inter-study variations. It was the aim of this thesis to clarify the placental oxidative state and the endogenous antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase in human placentae in an attempt to determine if variations in antioxidant function were due to changes in gene expression or protein oxidation. The findings reported in this thesis indicate the presence of increased levels of oxidative stress in the preeclamptic placenta, associated with significant reductions in antioxidant enzyme capacity. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of placental samples revealed that deceases in antioxidant capacity in the placenta are more likely to be related to the significant oxidative burden within the tissue rather than reductions in gene expression. A number of animal models exist to investigate components of preeclampsia pathophysiology, however the ability of these models to mimic the oxidative and antioxidant features of preeclampsia remains unclear. The exposure of pregnant rats to N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester is a widely used model of endothelial cell dysfunction during preeclampsia. It was the aim of this thesis to determine the biochemical characteristics of this model in an attempt to assess its effectiveness in mimicking oxidative changes in the preeclamptic placenta. Although this model is capable of producing a syndiome in rats similar to the disorder in terms of physiology, this is not manifest in terms of placental biochemistry. The importance of selenium in the synthesis of selenobased antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase is well documented. Increasing demand for selenium by the developing fetus may be linked to reductions in selenium status during pregnancy. Considering preeclampsia is associated with significant reductions in selenium status it may be hypothesised that reductions in antioxidant function may be linked to selenium inadequacy. The modulation of dietary selenium in pregnant rats was used to determine the importance of selenium during pregnancy and its effect on antioxidant function and placental oxidative stress. The results of this analysis revealed that selenium deficiency causes a pregnancy specific condition similar to preeclampsia. This condition was found to be associated with increased placental oxidative stress and significant reductions in the systemic activity of selenobased antioxidants that could be modified through selenium supplementation. In summary, data obtained in this thesis indicate that placental oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity play a significant role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. These studies support the hypothesis that antioxidant sufficiency is crucial in the maintenance of oxidative balance and that antioxidant dysfunction may result in damage to the placenta and the progression of the disease. These novel data further our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and provide new insight into the pathogenesis of clinical complications exhibited in this condition, suggesting antioxidant therapy as a possible means for improving the health outcomes of both mother and baby.
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Lai, J. "Third-trimester prediction of preeclampsia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1561522/.
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Preeclampsia (PE) is a common complication of pregnancy affecting upto 10% of the population. Screening in the UK has centred on identifying risk factors early in pregnancy, in order to determine the need for aspirin administration for risk prevention. Whilst screening late on, has no role in treatment or prevention of disease, it does serve a vital role in the stratification of a timely delivery. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of such an approach in improving maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In the cohort-control study, stored plasma from 50 cases that developed PE at or after 34 weeks were matched with 250 unaffected controls. At 11-13 weeks in the PE group compaired to controls, serum PAPP-A and PlGF were lower (0.748 and 0.824 vs 1.0 MoM), but free b-hCG, sEng and activin-A were not significantly different. At 30-33 weeks, in the PE group, there was a decrease in PlGF (0.356 MoM), increase in free β-hCG (1.750 MoM), sEng (1.390 MoM) and activin-A (1.47 MoM), but PAPP-A was not significantly different from controls. The uterine artery PI, MAP, sBP and dBP were assessed in a screening population of 4,294 with detections rate of upto 70% of intermediate PE. A survival time model for the time of delivery for PE by combination of maternal characteristics and history with PlGF and sFlt-1 multiple of the median (MoM) values was devised. Screening by the biochemical test detected 100%, 76%, and 62% of PE with delivery within four, six and eight weeks of the visit, at a fixed false positive rate of 5%. In conclusion, although both biochemical and biophysical tests are useful in the detection of PE, using the angiogenic markers alone at 30-33 weeks can effectively identify all women who require delivery due to PE in the subseqeunt 4 weeks from testing.
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Vanderlelie, Jessica. "Placental Oxidative Stress in Preeclampsia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365679.
Full textAbstract:
Affecting 6-8% of all pregnancies, preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal morbidity in the western world and is charactensed by hypertension, proteinuria, edema and platelet aggregation. Despite its prevalence and severity, no comprehensive theory or single factor has been suggested to explain the pathophysiology of this multi system disorder of pregnancy, with the only therapies being bed rest, pharmacological symptom management and if necessary early delivery. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, resulting from defective trophoblast invasion, reductions in placental perfusion and placental hypoxia/reoxygenation. The inability of endogenous antioxidant systems up regulated in normal pregnancy, to control increased levels of oxidative stress, is suggested as a possible factor in the feed forward generation of reactive oxygen species and placental oxidative stress. That in turn may stimulate increased syncytiotrophoblast apoptosis, endothelial cell activation and the maternal hyper immune response characteristic of preeclampsia. Analysis of the research literature revealed that previous evaluations of placental oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in preeclampsia were by no means comprehensive, and exhibited significant inter-study variations. It was the aim of this thesis to clarify the placental oxidative state and the endogenous antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin and superoxide dismutase in human placentae in an attempt to determine if variations in antioxidant function were due to changes in gene expression or protein oxidation. The findings reported in this thesis indicate the presence of increased levels of oxidative stress in the preeclamptic placenta, associated with significant reductions in antioxidant enzyme capacity. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of placental samples revealed that deceases in antioxidant capacity in the placenta are more likely to be related to the significant oxidative burden within the tissue rather than reductions in gene expression. A number of animal models exist to investigate components of preeclampsia pathophysiology, however the ability of these models to mimic the oxidative and antioxidant features of preeclampsia remains unclear. The exposure of pregnant rats to N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester is a widely used model of endothelial cell dysfunction during preeclampsia. It was the aim of this thesis to determine the biochemical characteristics of this model in an attempt to assess its effectiveness in mimicking oxidative changes in the preeclamptic placenta. Although this model is capable of producing a syndiome in rats similar to the disorder in terms of physiology, this is not manifest in terms of placental biochemistry. The importance of selenium in the synthesis of selenobased antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase is well documented. Increasing demand for selenium by the developing fetus may be linked to reductions in selenium status during pregnancy. Considering preeclampsia is associated with significant reductions in selenium status it may be hypothesised that reductions in antioxidant function may be linked to selenium inadequacy. The modulation of dietaty selenium in pregnant rats was used to determine the importance of selenium during pregnancy and its effect on antioxidant function and placental oxidative stress. The results of this analysis revealed that selenium deficiency causes a pregnancy specific condition similar to preeclampsia. This condition was found to be associated with increased placental oxidative stress and significant reductions in the systemic activity of selenobased antioxidants that could be modified through selenium supplementation. In summary, data obtained in this thesis indicate that placental oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity play a significant role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. These studies support the hypothesis that antioxidant sufficiency is crucial in the maintenance of oxidative balance and that antioxidant dysfunction may result in damage to the placenta and the progression of the disease. These novel data further our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and provide new insight into the pathogenesis of clinical complications exhibited in this condition, suggesting antioxidant therapy as a possible means for improving the health outcomes of both mother and baby.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
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Bergman, Lina. "Cerebral biomarkers in women with preeclampsia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322780.
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Preeclampsia and eclampsia are among the most common causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are no reliable means to predict eclampsia or cerebral edema in women with preeclampsia and knowledge of the brain involvement in preeclampsia is still limited. S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE) are two cerebral biomarkers of glial- and neuronal origin respectively. They are used as predictors for neurological outcome after traumatic brain injuries and cardiac arrest but have not yet been investigated in preeclampsia. This thesis is based on one longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women (n=469, Paper I and III), one cross sectional study of women with preeclampsia and women with normal pregnancies (n=53 and 58 respectively, Paper II and IV) and one experimental animal study of eclampsia (Paper V). In Paper I and III, plasma concentrations of S100B and NSE were investigated throughout pregnancy in women developing preeclampsia (n=16) and in women with normal pregnancies (n=36) in a nested case control study. Plasma concentrations were increased in women developing preeclampsia in gestational week 33 and 37 for S100B and in gestational week 37 for NSE compared to women with normal pregnancies. In Paper II and IV, increased plasma concentrations of S100B and NSE were confirmed among women with preeclampsia compared to women with normal pregnancies. Furthermore, increased plasma concentrations of S100B correlated to visual disturbances among women with preeclampsia (Paper II) and plasma concentrations of S100B and NSE remained increased among women with preeclampsia one year after delivery (Paper IV). In Paper V, an experimental rat model of preeclampsia and eclampsia demonstrated increased serum concentrations of S100B after seizures in normal pregnancy (n=5) and a tendency towards increased plasma concentrations of S100B in preeclampsia (n=5) compared to normal pregnancy (n=5) without seizures. Furthermore, after seizures, animals with magnesium sulphate treatment demonstrated increased serum concentrations of S100B and NSE compared to no treatment. In conclusion; plasma concentrations of S100B and NSE are increased in preeclampsia during late pregnancy and postpartum and S100B correlates to visual disturbances in women with preeclampsia. The findings are partly confirmed in an animal model of eclampsia.
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Luque, Suma Marta. "Factores nutricionales asociados a la preeclampsia." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8029.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDetermina los factores nutricionales asociados a la preeclampsia en las gestantes que acuden al Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante el periodo enero - marzo 2016. Se selecciona a 47 pacientes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia y 48 pacientes sin dicho diagnóstico. La selección de los controles se realiza considerando el apareamiento por edad de las gestantes. Los resultados revelan que la edad promedio de las gestantes con preeclampsia es de 29.7 ±7 años y de las gestantes sin preeclampsia es 29.3±6.5 años, muchas (46.8%) procedentes de Lima Este y amas de casa (72.3%). En el análisis de los factores nutricionales dietarios se observa que el consumo de omega 3<3.7 g/d (p=0.007; OR= 3.273; IC=1.4-7.9), calcio<800 mg/d (p<0.001; OR=6.3; IC=2.4-16.2), Zinc< 9.5 mg/d (p<0,001; OR=4.8; IC=1.9-11.7), magnesio< 290 mg/d (p=0.033; OR= 4.05; IC= 1.0-15.8) y potasio<4700 mg/d (p=0,003; OR=4.1; IC=1.6-10.7) son factores de riesgo asociados al diagnóstico de preeclampsia. Sin embargo, no se encuentra asociación significativa entre el consumo de carbohidratos mayor a 312 g/d (p=0.864) ni a mayor a 451 g/d (p=0.210) con la preeclampsia.
Tesis
Books on the topic "Preeclampsia"
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Saito, Shigeru, ed. Preeclampsia. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2.
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Murthi, Padma, and Cathy Vaillancourt, eds. Preeclampsia. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7498-6.
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1953-, Taylor Robert N., ed. Molecular mechanisms of preeclampsia. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1996.
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Arbogast, Bradley W. Molecular mechanisms of preeclampsia. New York: Springer, 1996.
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D, Critchley Hilary O., and RCOG Study Group on Pre-eclampsia., eds. Pre-eclampsia. London: RCOG Press, 2003.
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Jamal, Zia. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia among Punjabi women: A haematological study. Delhi: Bookwell, 2019.
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Redman, Chris. Pre-eclampsia: The facts. Oxford: Chris Redman and Isabel Walker, 1997.
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Lyall, F. Pre-eclampsia: Etiology and clinical practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Preeclampsia: A medical dictionary, bibliography and annotated research guide to Internet references. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2004.
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Redman, Chris. Pre-eclampsia: The facts. [Oxford?]: [s.n.], 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Preeclampsia"
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Shiozaki, Arihiro, and Shigeru Saito. "Risk Factors for Preeclampsia." In Preeclampsia, 3–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_1.
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Staff, Anne Cathrine, and Christopher W. G. Redman. "The Differences Between Early- and Late-Onset Pre-eclampsia." In Preeclampsia, 157–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_10.
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Stepan, Holger, and Janine Hoffmann. "sFlt-1/PLGF." In Preeclampsia, 175–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_11.
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Metoki, Hirohito. "Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement and Home Blood Pressure Measurement." In Preeclampsia, 199–208. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_12.
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Takizawa, Toshihiro, Akihide Ohkuchi, Shigeki Matsubara, Toshiyuki Takeshita, and Shigeru Saito. "MicroRNA." In Preeclampsia, 209–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_13.
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Burke, Suzanne D., and S. Ananth Karumanchi. "Novel Therapies for Preeclampsia." In Preeclampsia, 227–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_14.
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Girardi, Guillermina. "Pravastatin for Preeclampsia Prevention and Treatment." In Preeclampsia, 239–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_15.
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Ohno, Yasumasa. "Prevention and Treatment of Stroke and Eclampsia." In Preeclampsia, 253–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_16.
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Pettit, Franziska, George Mangos, and Mark A. Brown. "Cardiovascular Disease Following Hypertensive Pregnancy." In Preeclampsia, 273–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_17.
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Sugawara, Junichi, Yuji Oe, and Maiko Wagata. "Genetic Background of Preeclampsia." In Preeclampsia, 29–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Preeclampsia"
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Котов, Юрий Борисович, Вера Маратовна Гурьева, Максим Олегович Матвеев, and Татьяна Алексеевна Семенова. "PREGNANCY SCREENING ANALYSIS FOR EARLY PREDICTION OF THE PRE-ECLAMPSIA RISK." In Фундаментальные и прикладные исследования. Актуальные проблемы и достижения: сборник статей XXII всероссийской (национальной) научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231004.2023.47.66.005.
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Решается диагностическая задача поиска ранних признаков тяжелого заболевания беременных - преэклампсии. При скрининге беременных Московской области исследована зависимость концентрации белков PlGF и sFLT_1 в крови пациенток от срока беременности. Контрольная группа (631 чел.) не имела преэклампсии. Пациентки с преэклампсией образовали исследуемую группу из 70 человек. Подтверждено правило, указывающее на риск развития осложнения ранее 29-й недели беременности. Даны таблицы перцентильных нормативов. We investigate the problem of early detection of signs of a severe complication of pregnant women - preeclampsia. Mass screening of pregnant women in the Moscow region we used for investigation of PlGF and sFLT_1 proteins concentrations as time-function in the patient blood. The control group of patients consisted of 631 patients without preeclampsi. Patients diagnosed with preeclampsia formed a group of 70. The diagnostic rule indicating the risk of preeclampsia in early pregnancy (before 29 weeks of pregnancy) was verified. We present tables of percentile norms that are convenient for physicians.
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Hopmeier, P., M. Halbmayer, H. P. Schwarz, F. Heuss, and M. Fischer. "PROTEIN C AND PROTEIN S IN MILD AND MODERATE PREECLAMPSIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644285.
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In normal pregnancy, total protein S antigen and activity have been reported to be markedly reduced, whereas protein C level was found unaltered. In contrast, in severe preeclampsia protein C antigen was found to be considerably reduced. The presentstudy was done to clarify whether similar changes in protein Cwould alsobe observed for the mildand moderatepreeclamptic state andwhether there would be any effects on the level ofprotein S, since nodata on this cofactor in preeclampsia have been reported to date. 4-0 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy - 20 with uncomplicated pregnancies and 20 who had developed a mild (n = 14-) or moderate (n = 6) preeclamptic condition - were included in the study. All groups were well matched in age and gestational age. In addition, 20 healthynon-pregnant women served as controls. All probands had normal liver (SGOT, SGPT) and kidney (BUN, creatinine) values and no other medication than oral vitamins was used. Classification of preeclampsia was done according to a modification of the gestosis index of Goecke using an 11 gradeindex system (0 - 11). ProteinC antigen was measured by an enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay and protein S by the Laurell rocket technique.For statistics, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was appliedWe conclude that in comparison tonormal pregnancies, protein S is found elevated at least in the moderate, and protein C in the moderateas well as in the mild preeclamptic state
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de Boer, K., I. Lecander, J. W. ten Cate, J. J. J. Borm, and P. E. Treffers. "PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR OF PLACENTAL TYPE IN PREECLAMPSIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644461.
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In 24 patients with preeclampsia and in 24 normal pregnant controls, matched for gestational age, fibrinolytic parameters were determined. Aim of the study was to investigate plasminogen activator inhibitory activity (PAI activity) levels and plasminogen activator inhibitor of placental type (PAI 2) in preeclamptic and normal pregnancy and to establish the clinical relevance of these assays. PAI activity was measured by titrating the plasma with single chain t-PA. PAI 2 was measured by means of an ELISA using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against the placental inhibitor. Therefore we related testresubts to a predefined relevant clinical endpoint i.e. fetal outcome. The following results were obtained:PAI 2 levels below 43% had a positive predictive value of 91% for poor fetal outcome, levels above 43% had a negative predictive value of 95%. PAI activity levels didn't have a significant predictive value.. It is concluded that high levels of PAI activity in preeclampsia are not due to PAI 2 and that low levels of PAI 2 are related with a poor fetal outcome.
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"How Preeclampsia Occurs and Potential Therapies for Curing Preeclampsia." In 2022 International Conference on Biotechnology, Life Science and Medical Engineering. Clausius Scientific Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/blsme.2022014.
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Estellés, A., J. Gilabert, J. Aznar, F. España, and J. A. Fernández. "PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITORS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND PATIENTS WITH PREECLAMPSIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644460.
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity and other fibrinolytic parameters have been studied in three groups of preeclamptic patients: A) severe preeclampsia, B) mild preeclampsia and C) chronic hypertension with superimposed severe preeclanpsia. These parameters were compared to those observed in a group of normal pregnant women at similar gestation age ( 3rd trimester of pregnancy, group D). The PAI activity, regardless of whether single-chain t-PA or two-chain t-PA was used, was significantly higher in cases of severe preeclanpsia than in cases of mild preeclanpsia and normal pregnancyThis increase in PAI activity normalizes in early puerperium. When PAI activity was evaluated in the platelet lysate no increase in severe preeclanpsia, as compared to the control group, was observed. Following the addition of purified two chain t-PA to plasma of severe preeclanptic patients, a complex with a molecular weight of about 115,000 was detected by a zymographic fibrin technique. When urokinase (90% of HMW and 10% of LMW) was used, two complexes of about 95,000 and 85,000 were detected. The increased level of PAI activity found in severe preeclanpsia was partially inhibited by the antisera against PAI-1 and PAI-2.
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Gilabert, J., J. A. Fernández, F. Espana, J. Aznar, and A. Estellés. "PHYSIOLOGICAL COAGULATION INHIBITORS (PROTEIN S, PROTEIN C AND ANTITHROMBIN III) IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND IN SEVERAL HYPERTENSION STATES IN PREGNANCY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644289.
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The protein C (PC) - protein S (PS) anticoagulant system and antithrorribin III (AT III) were evaluated in normal pregnancy (group A, n= 53), severe preeclampsia (group B, n= 15) and chronic hypertension with superinposed severe preeclampsia (group C, n= 18). Group A was classified according to the stage of pregnancy as 1st (n=9), 2nd (n=ll) and 3rd (n=33) trimester (tr). A control group comprised 21 normal, non-pregnant women who were non-users of oral contraceptives. In normal pregnancy a significant decrease in the level of free protein S was observed in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and was sustained throughout the remaining months. The other coagulation inhibitors (protein C and AT III) undergo no significant changes during pregnancy and remain within the limits of normality. In cases of preeclampsia a significant decrease in protein C was observed. It was more evident in severe preeclarrpsia but was also found in chronic hypertension with superiirposed severe preeclanpsia when compared with the normal pregnancy group at similar gestational age. No statistically significant differences in protein S were found when the normal and pathological groups were compared. AT III decreased slightly in the severe preeclamptic group but the decrease was not significant.The decrease in protein C and AT III levels in severe preeclanpsia could be related with the microthrombotic state that these patients may present. However, protein S, which decreases during normal pregnancy, seems to play no role in preeclanpsia.
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Saleh, A. A., A. M. Farag, S. F. Bottoms, E. F. Mammen, M. Hosni, and A. Ali. "SELECTED HEMOSTASIS PARAMETERS IN PREGNANCY AND HYPERTENSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644284.
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Patients with preeclampsia are believed to have a state of compensated DIC, and especially the differential diagnosis between preeclampsia and chronic hypertension with pregnancy can be difficult. Selected hemostasis parameters were analyzed in 50 women with preeclampsia (P), 50 matched normal pregnant women (N), 14 women with known hypertensionand pregnancy (CH) and 13 persons with known chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia (CH + P). None of the patients had clinical evidence of DIC. Platelet counts, mean platelet volume, antithrombin III, α2 antiplasmin and fibrinogen activities and fibronectin were assayed. The following data wereThese data, together with higherlevels of fibrinopeptide A, platelet factor 4, 3 thromboglobulin and D-dimer in the P group suggests increased intravascular coagulation in preeclampsia. Fibronectin levels were markedly elevated only in the patient groups with preeclampsia. Discriminant function analysis of FN values between the groups revealed a78% diagnostic accuracy for Palone and 74% accuracy for CH + P
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Diana, Sulis, Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni, and Budi Prasetyo. "Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Incidence of Pre-eclampsy in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.82.
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ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence of preeclampsia is around 5-8% of all diseases that occur during pregnancy. There was an increase from 10.5% of women with OSA in the first trimester to 26.7% in the third trimester. This study aimed to investigate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching the articles from PubMed and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2019. An obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) analysis was performed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify designs, summary results and publication estimates. Results: As many as 15 studies with a total of 1,837 subjects were included. OSA during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. The selected studies were conducted in observational designs. The existing studies showed that maternal OSA was significantly associated with preeclampsia (aOR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.30 to 2.42). Conclusion: There is the adverse relationship of OSA and preeclampsia. OSA increases the risk of multiple pregnancy and perinatal complications. Keywords: preeclampsia, OSA, pregnancy Correspondence: Sulis Diana. Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java. Email: Diana.sulis6@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282234209942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.82
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"Genomics and transcriptomics of preeclampsia." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-253.
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Dwi Nurcahyanti, Febrina, and Astri Yunita. "Biopsychosocial Determinants ofBiopsychosocial Determinants of Preeclampsia in Kediri, East Java Preeclampsia in Kediri, East Java." In The 4th International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2018.01.13.
Full textReports on the topic "Preeclampsia"
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BHATTACHARYYA, SANJOY, SARKAR DIPNARAYAN, BASAK SUBHADEEP, BAGCHI RUMINA, MANDAL PRITHWIKAR, and HALDER ALAPAN. Magnesium sulphate prophylaxis in severe preeclampsia-lessons learnt from recent trials conducted in low-middle-income-countries--a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0031.
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Review question / Objective: The main objective of this research is to find answers to whether an adjusted low dose or an abbreviated regimen or even a single loading dose of magnesium sulphate prophylaxis is capable of preventing eclampsia in severe preeclamptics instead of applying full traditional dosing and if so, which regimen among them can be suggested safely and finally, even if chosen, can any of this modified regimen be applicable for all severely preeclamptic women indiscriminately? With the above context, we have done a systematic review of available studies that compared the effectiveness of different magnesium sulphate regimens applied to severely preeclamptic women of LMIC aiming to prevent eclampsia. Magnesium sulphate prophylaxis in severe preeclampsia-lessons learnt from recent trials conducted in low-middle-income-countries--a systematic review
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Stoykova, Veneta, Radoslava Vazharova, Evgeni Grigorov, Ivo Kremensky, Dimiter Markov, and Stoimen Ivanov. PAPP-A Levels and the Risk of Preeclampsia. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.11.16.
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J.G, Kruthica, Iyshwarya B K, and Ramakrishnan V. Role of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia. Peeref, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2211p5473826.
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Garcia Benavides, Leonel, Francisco Javier Hernández Mora, Iván isidro Hernández Cañaveral, Sylvia E. Totsuka Sutto, Tania Isabel Campos Bayardo, Ernesto Javier Ramírez Lizardo, Guillermo Ramos-Gallardo, and Ernesto Germán Cardona Muñoz. Relación de la gravedad de la preeclampsia con su estado oxidativo. Buenos Aires: siicsalud.com, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21840/siic/150111.
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Laudenslager, Mark L. Preeclampsia-Associated Hormonal Profiles and Reduced Breast Cancer Risk Among Older Mothers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416868.
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Sun, Zongxin, Hao Feng, and Xin Lv. A meta-analysis of plasma mercaptan levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0065.
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Rich-Edwards, Janet, and Ellen Seely. Can an Online Program Help Women with a History of Preeclampsia Reduce Their Risk of Heart Disease? Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (PCORI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/1.2020.cer.130601603.
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Tian, Ming, Ming Chen, Luyan Huang, and Qingquan Liu. Comparison of urinary spot protein to creatinine ratio with 12-hour urine protein in diagnosis of proteinuria in preeclampsia. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.12.0031.
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Steele, Dale W., Gaelen P. Adam, Ian J. Saldanha, Ghid Kanaan, Michael L. Zahradnik, Valery A. Danilack, Alison M. Stuebe, Alex Friedman Peahl, Kenneth K. Chen, and Ethan M. Balk. Management of Postpartum Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer263.
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Background. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are increasingly common and have important implications for maternal health, healthcare utilization, and health disparities. There is limited evidence to support best management of postpartum individuals with HDP, including home blood pressure (BP) monitoring (HBPM) and choice of antihypertensive agents. For patients experiencing preeclampsia with severe features, there is robust evidence supporting delivery of the infant and treatment with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). However, MgSO4 may cause unpleasant side effects and, less commonly, toxicity. Patients receiving MgSO4 require additional monitoring (e.g., urinary catheterization) and often have activity restrictions, which impact their postpartum experience. Evidence regarding the optimal (lowest effective) dose and (shortest effective) duration of MgSO4 treatment is needed. Methods. We searched Medline®, Cochrane, Embase®, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 1, 2022. After double screening, we extracted study data and risk of bias assessments into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+; https://srdrplus.ahrq.gov). We evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022313075). Results. We found 13 eligible studies (3 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 2 nonrandomized comparative studies [NRCSs], 8 single-arm studies) evaluating postpartum HBPM, 17 RCTs evaluating pharmacological treatment of postpartum HDP, and 43 studies (41 RCTs and 2 NRCSs) that compared alternative MgSO4 regimens. HBPM programs probably increase submission of any BP measurements during recommended time intervals (moderate SoE) and may increase the number of BP measurements obtained overall (low SoE). Studies have not found that HBPM affects the rate of BP treatment initiation (low SoE), but HBPM may reduce unplanned hypertension-related hospital admissions (low SoE). Most patients were satisfied with management related to HBPM (low SoE), and HBPM probably compensates for racial disparities in office-based follow-up (moderate SoE). In patients with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension (HTN), oral furosemide may shorten the duration of postpartum hypertension (low SoE). There was insufficient evidence regarding the comparative benefits and harms of other antihypertensive medications. Compared with 24-hour treatments, shorter duration MgSO4 regimens shorten the urinary catheterization time (high SoE), time to ambulation (high SoE), and time to breastfeeding (moderate SoE); and may shorten time from delivery to contact with the infant and decrease toxicity as manifested by lost deep tendon reflexes (both low SoE). Loading dose only regimens increase the risk of a recurrent seizure in patients with eclampsia (moderate SoE). Lower dose MgSO4 regimens, compared to standard dose regimens, reduce early signs of magnesium toxicity (high SoE), may approximately double the risk of recurrent seizure in patients with eclampsia (low SoE), but may not affect 5-minute Apgar scores in infants of patients with preeclampsia with severe features (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding potential harms of concomitant use of nifedipine or other antihypertensive medications. Conclusion. HBPM probably improves ascertainment of BP, allowing early recognition of hypertension in postpartum patients, and probably compensates for racial disparities in office based follow-up. The evidence suggests furosemide may shorten the duration of postpartum HTN. However, further evidence is needed regarding the comparative benefits and harms of the antihypertensive medications used to treat postpartum HTN. Large pragmatic trials, augmented by analysis of real-world data, are needed to evaluate the effect of postpartum HBPM on clinical event outcomes (not only process outcomes) and on the comparative effectiveness of alternative antihypertensive treatments. Given that lower dose MgSO4 regimens reduce Mg toxicity, and shorter regimens decrease urinary catheterization time, time to ambulation, time to breastfeeding, and time from delivery to contact with the infant, evidence is needed to identify MgSO4 regimens with the lowest effective dose and shortest effective duration that minimize side effects and toxicity but still prevent seizures among patients with preeclampsia with severe features.
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Moreno-Sepulveda, Jose, Pamela Santucci, and Miguel Checa. Higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preeclampsia in singleton pregnancies following frozen embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.5.0113.
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