Dissertations / Theses: 'Prediction (Psychology)'

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Maskill, Louise. "Prediction in discourse : the problems and potential of qualitative forecasting in psychology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394849.

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Stark, Darryl Wayne. "The validity of cognitive and non-cognitive predictors over time /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1994. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9513944.

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Ivarsson, Andreas. "Psychology of Sport Injury : Prediction, Prevention and Rehabilitation in Swedish Team Sport Athletes." Doctoral thesis, Växjö, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42982.

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The dissertation consists of five separate studies that all have focused on different aspects of the relationship between psychological factors and sport injuries. In the first study the aim was to investigate female elite soccer players’ experiences of the time prior to the occurrence of an ACL injury. In the result three themes of player experiences was identified: fatigue, life stress, and worry. The players interpreted these three themes as risk factors for ACL-injury. The second study aimed to investigate whether personality, stress, and coping predicted injury occurrence in an elite soccer population. The result showed that an interaction between psychological variables (i.e. trait anxiety, negative life event stress and daily hassles, ineffective coping) could explain 24 % of the variance in injury occurrence. Moreover, the result showed that negative life event stress was found to have an indirect effect on injury occurrence through daily hassles. In the third study the aim was to investigate whether individual level and changes in hassle and uplift levels over a 10-week period could predict injury outcome in an elite junior soccer population. The results showed that both initial level as well as change in hassle influenced injury risk. More specific, both high initial level as well as slow decrease in hassle was associated with an increased risk of injury. The fourth study aimed to investigate the extent to which a mindfulness and acceptance based intervention program could reduce the number of sports injuries in a sample of soccer players. The result showed no statistically significant differences in injury rates between the two groups, but there was a medium effect size (adjusted Cohen´s d = - 0.59). In the fifth study the aim was to investigate an athletic injury as a career transition through the narrative expression of successful and less successful injury experiences of a former elite handball player. The participant’s narratives made possible to identify four phases (i.e., pre-injury, injury and first reactions, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation and consequences) in the injury transition with distinct psychological content (e.g., demands, resources, barriers, and coping strategies) relevant to each phase

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af, Wåhlberg Anders. "The Prediction of Traffic Accident Involvement from Driving Behavior." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6296.

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The aim of the studies was to predict individual traffic accident involvement by the quantification of driving style in terms of speed changes, using bus drivers as subjects. An accident database was constructed from the archives of the bus company whose drivers were used as subjects. The dependent variable was also discussed regarding whether responsibility for crashes should be included, and what time period to use for optimal prediction. A new theory was constructed about how accidents are caused by driver behavior, more specifically the control movements of the driver, i.e. all actions taken which influence the relative motion of the vehicle in a level plane when v>0. This theory states that all traffic safety related behavior can be measured as celerations (change of speed of the vehicle in any direction of a level plane) and summed. This theoretical total sum is a measure of a person's liability to cause accidents over the same time period within a homogenous traffic environment and a similarly homogenous driving population. Empirically, the theory predicts a positive correlation between mean driver celeration behavior and accident record. The theory was tested in three empirical studies. The first tested equipment and methods, the second studied the question whether driver celeration behavior is stable over time. Celeration behavior turned out to be rather variable between days, and repeated measurements were therefore needed to stabilize the measure. In the third study, a much larger amount of data brought out correlations of sizes sufficient to lend some credibility to the theory. However, the predictive power did not extend beyond two years of time. The reported results would seem to imply that the celeration variable can predict accident involvement (at least for bus drivers), and is practical to use, as it is easily and objectively measured and semi-stable over time.

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Hasinski, Adam E. "Interactions between Prediction, Perception and Episodic Memory." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437731857.

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Falk, Robert S. "Prediction of children's sociometric status from adult ratings." VCU Scholars Compass, 1986. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4705.

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Poor peer relations in childhood predict difficulty in adolescent and adult adjustment. Sociometric methods provide a useful way to operationalize social competence. Five groups of children (Average, Popular, Rejected, Neglected, and Controversial), identified by nomination sociometrics, show significant differences on a variety of behavioral and non-behavioral indices. This categorization scheme has value in the identification of children at risk for later maladaptive outcomes, and may be useful in designing preventive intervention programs. The current study attempted to determine the degree to which diagnostic ratings generated by significant adults can be generalized to the sociometric status of children. Parent and teacher ratings were gathered on 134 children who had previously been categorized sociometrically as Popular, Average, Neglected or Rejected. Two significant discriminant functions were found that together accounted for 95% of the variance shared between the sociometric groups and adult ratings. Interpretation of the discriminant functions suggests that Rejected children are rated by adults as more emotionally labile, interpersonally hostile, and less able to cope with failure and social pressure than the Neglected and Popular children. Neglected children are seen as displaying slight motoric, cognitive, and/or academic deficits compared to their Popular peers. The discriminant functions generated were able to correctly classify 62% of the total original sample, 48% with bias removed. Diagnostic inferences and implications of the results for clinical practice are discussed. Limitations of the study together with possible directions for future research are presented.

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Sun, Jie. "Object categorization for affordance prediction." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24625.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Rehg, James M.; Committee Co-Chair: Bobick, Aaron; Committee Member: Balch, Tucker; Committee Member: Christensen, Henrik I.; Committee Member: Pietro Perona

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Chapman, Christopher L. "Clinical Prediction in Group Psychotherapy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2144.

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Prior research in individual therapy has provided evidence that therapists are poor predictors of client outcome without the aid of objective measures and often misjudge clients' perceptions of the therapeutic relationship. The focus of the current research was to conduct a similar study in a group setting. Therapists from a university counseling center and a state psychiatric hospital were recruited to test their accuracy in predicting client outcome, quality of therapeutic relationship and their own use of empirically supported group interventions. Results indicated that therapists are poor predictors of all three, providing support for the implementation of measure-based feedback systems to inform therapists about key information that may affect the effectiveness of group psychotherapy.

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Murdock, Melissa E. (Melissa Erleene). "The Prediction of Adjustment in Institutionalized Juvenile Offenders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279119/.

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Predictors of institutional adjustment for juvenile offenders were examined using a sample of 120 males in a detention facility. While demographic information failed to differentiate between well and poorly adjusted juveniles, psychological measures appeared to be more effective. Several MMPI-A clinical scales were useful predictors with the overall elevation in clinical scales being one of the strongest predictors. In addition, the Psychopathy Checklist - Clinical Version (PCL-CV) was a strong predictor of adjustment. Major ethnic differences occurred in the prediction of adjustment, with the MMPI-A and PCL-CV scales predicting infraction rates for the African American group but not Anglo American or Hispanic American groups.

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Tate, Charles Ulysses. "Mental simulation of the future : processes and principles /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1251849171&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1181338221&clientId=11238.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-158). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Darredeau, Christine. "Casual judgements from contingency information : competition between multiple causes of a single outcome." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103375.

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In causal reasoning the presence of a strong predictor of an outcome interferes with causal judgments of a moderate co-occurring predictor. Causal competition effects have generally been demonstrated with a strong competing predictor that is followed by an outcome with a higher probability than a moderate target predictor, and that also signals as many or more of the total outcome occurrences than the moderate target predictor. Confounding these two distinct aspects of predictiveness has constrained the ability to examine their respective importance for the relative validity of predictors in causal competition. By examining the effects of one and two strong competing causes on judgments of a moderate cause, varying the proportion of total outcomes that the competing predictors are paired with while holding overall outcome frequency constant, this series of experiments begins to disentangle these aspects of predictiveness. It demonstrates competition effects with a strong predictor that predicts fewer outcomes than the moderate target predictor. In addition, causal competition was examined between positive predictors (those signaling the occurrence of the outcome), between negative predictors (those signaling the absence of the outcome) and between predictors of opposite polarity (positive and negative). Causal candidates of opposite polarity were found to enhance rather than reduce causal judgments of moderate positive and negative predictors, posing a challenge for some of the most influential theories of causal learning that explain competition effects as the discounting of the moderate predictor or a failure to learn its association with the outcome. Rather, these results are consistent with a contrast mechanism whereby causal judgments of moderate predictors are not necessarily reduced toward zero in the presence of stronger predictors, but are adjusted along the causal judgment scale in opposite direction from the strong predictors. When the competing predictors are of the same polarity causal judgments of moderate predictors appear to be reduced, but when they are of opposite polarity judgments are enhanced. The implications for various associative and statistical models of causal learning are discussed.

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Miller, Samuel John. "Disfluency, prediction and attention in language comprehension." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20957.

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Spoken language comprehension is impacted by the presence of disfluencies. It follows that there have been attempts to understand the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for these disfluency effects. Different accounts of disfluency processing have been proposed to explain these effects; the current thesis was directed towards exploring two standpoints of disfluency processing: the predictional and attentional accounts. Disfluency has been shown to modulate predictive processing, with a clear effect in the literature being that upon encountering disfluency listeners show a bias for unknown or discourse new referents (Arnold, Kam, & Tanenhaus, 2007; Arnold, Tanenhaus, Altmann, & Fagnano, 2004; Heller, Arnold, Klein, & Tanenhaus, 2014). The predictional account interprets this finding in terms of expectancy: according to this view, listeners expect speakers to produce harder-to-access words in situations where their linguistic performance is consistent with planning problems. Listeners are also more likely to remember words that follow a disfluency (Corley et al., 2007). The presence of disfluency has been shown to affect the attentional state of the listener, as indexed by attenuation of event related potentials to acoustically manipulated words post disfluency (Collard et al., 2008). These effects form the basis of the competing attentional account, which suggests that that upon encountering disfluency, listeners stop predicting about upcoming content and instead, employ heightened attentional resources to help them resolve the situation. In the first experiment, we aimed to distinguish between the predictional and attentional accounts by employing a visual world paradigm to investigate directly the underlying mechanism during comprehension. Participants were expected to show different fixation behaviour depending on which account was true. The main experiment provided some unexpected results, as the fixation behaviour seen would not have been predicted by either account. These results were further investigated in a number of post-hoc tests, testing participants sensitivity to the disfluency used in the main paradigm. The results observed were again inconclusive. Taken together these findings suggested that the mechanisms afforded by each account for disfluency processing may work in unison, with reliance on either attentional or predictive processing, or a mix of both, dictated by the demands of the task. In the remaining experiments (2-6) we focused on the attentional account of disfluency processing; we asked how disfluencies impact listener attention at a phonemic level. Pitt and Szostak (2012) demonstrated that the effect of phoneme manipulation is reduced when participants’ attention is explicitly directed to the ambiguous phoneme, with participants less likely to categorise an ambiguous item as a “word” under such conditions than otherwise. We applied this paradigm at the sentence level to investigate whether disfluencies induce heightened attentional focus at a phonemic level. Specifically, we compared the impact of a phoneme manipulation on lexicality judgements with; (i) attentional focus, and; (ii) disfluency presence. The initial experiments’ findings failed to replicate the attentional manipulation seen in the Pitt and Szostak study (2012) but results from the later studies suggested there is evidence that disfluency does drive listener attention but actually makes listeners more accommodating of the phoneme manipulation heard. These results are discussed in relation to the accounts of disfluency processing being tested.

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Hayward, Peter C., and n/a. "From individual to social foresight." Swinburne University of Technology. Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20061108.153623.

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To this point in time humanity has successfully responded to the challenges to its existence. A viewpoint becoming widespread is that humanity will have to respond to even greater challenges to its existence in the future. If adequate responses are not formulated to these emerging challenges then a dystopian future for humanity is a strong possibility. While experience can teach us how to act in the future it is the express intent of this research that we should not have to experience dystopia in order to learn how to prevent it. The innate human capacity for foresight has played a pivotal role in responding to past challenges, however, a more extensive form of foresight will need to be developed to respond to these future challenges. That form of foresight will need to be both individual and social in nature. Part I of this thesis generates an original theory of how foresight could develop in individuals beyond our innate capacities. The theory argues that foresight ca- pacities develop through the expansion of individual consciousness, particularly the individual's sense of `self'. The theory is synthesised from the work of a num- ber of psychological researchers including Jean Piaget, Jane Loevinger, Lawrence Kohlberg, Clare Graves, Susan Cook-Greuter and Ken Wilber. Part II is a two year study of students undertaking a postgraduate course in strategic foresight. The study is utilised to add preliminary empirical support to the theory proposed in Part I. Part III integrates the previous two parts to further elaborate the attributes and dynamics of individual foresight development before describing how social foresight capacity can emerge from individual development. Expanded individual and so- cial foresight capacities are achievable, but cannot be assumed. The contribution of this thesis is to give a theoretical base to such development and to outline fur- ther research. The development of individual foresight and the emergence of social expressions of foresight can offer preferable, and not dystopian, futures for both current and future generations.

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Hayward, Peter. "From individual to social foresight." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20061108.153623.

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Thesis (PhD) -- Swinburne University of Technology, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2005.
Submitted to the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy - Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 294-308).

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Poncheri, Reanna Maureen. "The Impact of Work Context on the Prediction of Job Performance." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03212006-203139/.

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Although it is widely accepted that individual behavior is determined by person and situation characteristics, much research in the domain of job performance focuses more on person variables, while focusing less on the role of the work context. This study shows that elements of the work context (i.e., job/task characteristics, resources, and social relationships) explain variance in self ratings of task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and counterproductive work behavior above and beyond what can be explained by two individual difference predictors (i.e., general cognitive ability and conscientiousness). This study highlights the importance of considering both individual differences and elements of the work context as determinants of job performance.

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Weld, Suzanne Edna. "Stress management outcome: Prediction of differential outcome by personality characteristics." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7740.

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This study examined differential outcome between two stress management approaches according to subject characteristics. It was hypothesized that individuals with certain characteristics might benefit more from one form of stress management training (Rational Emotive Therapy) than another (Gendlin Focusing). The implication, were this hypothesis to be supported, would be that individuals could be streamed into one form of training versus another, according to certain personality variables, and the result would be greater effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of services. Subjects were classed as having one of two sets of characteristics. One class of subjects (N = 34) displayed stress cognitively on the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAQ) and were of the Sensing type on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) while the other class of subjects (N = 31) displayed their stress somatically on the CSAQ and were of the Intuitive type on the MBTI. Based on personality theory, cognitively anxious Sensing types were predicted to have greater decreases in stress as a result of receiving a Rational Emotive Therapy approach to stress management while somatically anxious Intuitive types were predicted to have greater decreases in stress as a result of receiving a Gendlin Focusing approach to stress management. Additional measures of client characteristics were taken in order to explore the predictive potential of variables which the literature indicates might be useful in predicting differential outcome. These included Locus of Control, Verbal Reasoning, Abstract Reasoning, Experiencing Ability, Rational Beliefs. A measure of stress (Symptom Check List-90-R) was taken at three points in time: pre, post-training (or post-waiting as in the case of the waiting-list controls), and at one-month follow-up. A waiting-list control group (N = 30) was utilized to demonstrate a treatment versus no treatment comparison. Treatment group subjects received 12-15 hours of stress management training in either (Rational Emotive Therapy) RET or Focusing spread over 5 weeks. Half of each class of subjects received RET while the other half of each class of subjects received Focusing. Key results include: Both classes of treatment subjects displayed significantly greater reductions (p .05) in stress levels after training as compared to waiting-list control subjects who had not received training over the same period of time. The main hypothesis was not supported. There were no statistically significant treatment by classification interactions. However, there were relationships between client satisfaction, use of the techniques, and decrease in reported levels of stress. Further analyses showed that none of the variables were significant predictors of outcome. This Study introduced Focusing as a viable stress management technique.

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Draycott, Simon. "Investigations into psychometric measures and their prediction of human performance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337675.

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Witherspoon, Dawn O. "Prediction of Outcomes of an Eating Disorders Treatment Program." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1253034500.

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Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-01-28) Department of Psychology Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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Spencer, David James. "Predicting early failure on probation using survival analysis and psychological predictor variables /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Suss, Joel. "Using a prediction and option generation paradigm to understand decision making." Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3565347.

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In many complex and dynamic domains, the ability to generate and then select the appropriate course of action is based on the decision maker's "reading" of the situation--in other words, their ability to assess the situation and predict how it will evolve over the next few seconds. Current theories regarding option generation during the situation assessment and response phases of decision making offer contrasting views on the cognitive mechanisms that support superior performance. The Recognition-Primed Decision-making model (RPD; Klein, 1989) and Take-The-First heuristic (TTF; Johnson & Raab, 2003) suggest that superior decisions are made by generating few options, and then selecting the first option as the final one. Long-Term Working Memory theory (LTWM; Ericsson & Kintsch, 1995), on the other hand, posits that skilled decision makers construct rich, detailed situation models, and that as a result, skilled performers should have the ability to generate more of the available task-relevant options.

The main goal of this dissertation was to use these theories about option generation as a way to further the understanding of how police officers anticipate a perpetrator's actions, and make decisions about how to respond, during dynamic law enforcement situations. An additional goal was to gather information that can be used, in the future, to design training based on the anticipation skills, decision strategies, and processes of experienced officers. Two studies were conducted to achieve these goals.

Study 1 identified video-based law enforcement scenarios that could be used to discriminate between experienced and less-experienced police officers, in terms of their ability to anticipate the outcome. The discriminating scenarios were used as the stimuli in Study 2; 23 experienced and 26 less-experienced police officers observed temporally-occluded versions of the scenarios, and then completed assessment and response option-generation tasks.

The results provided mixed support for the nature of option generation in these situations. Consistent with RPD and TTF, participants typically selected the first-generated option as their final one, and did so during both the assessment and response phases of decision making. Consistent with LTWM theory, participants--regardless of experience level--generated more task-relevant assessment options than task-irrelevant options. However, an expected interaction between experience level and option-relevance was not observed.

Collectively, the two studies provide a deeper understanding of how police officers make decisions in dynamic situations. The methods developed and employed in the studies can be used to investigate anticipation and decision making in other critical domains (e.g., nursing, military). The results are discussed in relation to how they can inform future studies of option-generation performance, and how they could be applied to develop training for law enforcement officers.

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Joice, Sara A. "Adherence in behavioural interventions for stroke patients : measurement and prediction." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7262.

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Background: With the increasing incidence in stroke and the resultant high prevalence of residual disability resources are not adequately meeting the needs of the patients. Furthermore patients continue to express dissatisfaction with their care. New interventions are being developed and evaluated. However, when offered these new interventions, patients may refuse or not participate fully. A stroke workbook intervention was developed through a line of research examining the role of perceived control in recovery. During the randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating its efficacy patients failed to fully participate in the activities proposed in the workbook. Why, when there is such a dearth of treatment available, do stroke patients not fully participate in or adhere to the interventions offered? Methods: Three studies were conducted, a predictive study using the intervention group of the RCT exploring the demographic, clinical and psychological factors predicting adherence; a predictive study using one of the intervention groups from a larger 2x2 RCT to examine the predictors of adherence to an easier intervention (video); and a third longitudinal study examining the efficacy of an even simpler intervention (letter) on increasing adherence to the video. The theoretical framework of Leventhal's Self Regulation Model was used to develop the letter intervention and to explain the findings. Results: Five types of adherence behaviours emerged from the three studies, all with their own difficulties of definition, measurement and their individual predictor variables. Gender, impairment and illness representations were all predictive of adherence. An easier intervention promoted adherence especially for men and the more impaired. Women appeared to adhere more readily to the complex intervention. These gender differences may be associated with illness representations. A theoretical-based letter does not increase adherence per se but may increase the amount of adherence to an easier intervention. Conclusion: Adherence behaviour is not one type of behaviour and is associated with measurement difficulties. The Self-Regulation model appeared to offer some logical explanations to the findings. The findings have clinical implications and could possibly be associated with patients' satisfaction with care.

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Miller, Kathryn M. "A test of protection-motivation theory for promoting injury control." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040238/.

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Grant, David Adam. "Cognitive Vulnerability and the Actuarial Prediction of Depressive Course." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214783.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
A wealth of research indicates that depression is a serious global health issue, and that it is often characterized by a complicated and varied course. The ability to predict depressive course would be tremendously valuable for clinicians. However, the extant literature has not yet produced an accurate and efficient means by which to predict the course of depression. Research also indicates that cognitive variables - and cognitive vulnerability factors in particular - are related to the course of depression. In examining data provided by participants in the Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project (N = 345), the current study aimed to elucidate the relationship between cognitive vulnerability and depressive course using an actuarial statistical method. Results indicated that several cognitive measures predicted aspects of the onset and course of depression at rates significantly better than chance; foremost among these was the Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ; Alloy et al., 2000). The CSQ was found to be the variable that best differentiated between participants who developed an episode of depression and those who did not. Furthermore, in comparison to participants who did not develop an episode of depression, the CSQ was found to differentiate between participants who recovered from a given depressive episode and those who did not, as well as between participants who experienced a single episode and those experiencing a recurrent course of the disorder across the prospective phase of the study. Conceptual and clinical implications of these results are discussed, as are directions for future research.
Temple University--Theses

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Giannuli, Maria Michael. "Mood-affective and anxiety disorders in female juvenile offenders : prediction of crime indexes /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486398195325394.

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Arrastia, Meagan C. "Have you heard? predictors of HPV awareness among a random sample of college students /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002640.

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You, Jin. "Registering Dangerous Strangers: Psychology and Justice in the Politics of the Sex Offender Registry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54556.

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My dissertation addresses the phenomenon of stranger danger to children and tries to answer the question of how the category of sex offender has been produced to become the primary target in contemporary sex crime control. I examine the period from the 1960s through the 1990s, the period beginning with the rising awareness of child abuse and criminal and psychiatric patient rights challenges to preventive confinement and ending with institutionalizing the regime of sex offender risk management. I attend particularly to psychological techniques that were designed and used to produce sex offender categories, by focusing on three interconnected dimensions: first, the formation of a new discipline of forensic psychology in the crime control area; second, the methods of knowledge production about sex offenders; and third, the institutional aspects of crime control centered on repeat stranger offenders. This dissertation examines the shaping of risk as a value-laden cultural product, involving the identification of risks to be managed, the selection of risk factors, and the decisions of "acceptable" levels of risk. In engaging in conversation about ongoing policy issues, my work intends to go beyond the opposition between civil rights and public safety to understand how the politics of crime control came to center on the dangerous stranger, a center around which the two political values of rights and safety have collided and been negotiated. I provide a genealogy of actuarial risk management and situate its origins in relation to the civil rights revolution. By examining the shift from psychiatric dangerousness prediction to psychological risk management, I argue that the risk management regime is an outgrowth of psychologists' attempts to accommodate civil rights claims in a broader context where socio-cultural tensions over the changing family values have zeroed in on stranger danger. While psychologists initially promoted actuarial justice as a rational method of balancing conflicting social values, its implementation was dictated by institutional demands for efficiency in regulating an increasing number of sex offenders. Risk management technologies led to the mutual reproduction of crime data and criminal populations at risk of reoffense, which contributed to the expansion of populations under criminal supervision.
Ph. D.

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Wilsie, Carisa Caro Knight Elizabeth Brestan. "An evaluation of treatment drop-out families with a history of child physical abuse /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Psychology/Thesis/Wilsie_Carisa_33.pdf.

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Fox, Karen D. "Prediction of Air Traffic Controller Trainee Selection and Training Success Using Cognitive Ability and Biodata." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614818.

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The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has experienced decreased return on investment caused by hiring too many air traffic controller specialists (ATCSs) who performed poorly in field training, thus failing to become certified professional controllers (CPCs). Based on Schmidt and Hunter's theory of job performance and biodata theory, this quantitative, archival study examined whether factors of cognitive ability and biodata could predict job performance status of 2 generations of ATCSs, poststrike (PS) and next generation (NG) controllers. For each generation of controllers, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine if any of the independent variables—transmuted composite (TMC) score for PS controllers, Air Traffic and Selection and Training (AT-SAT) test score for NG controllers, average of high school arithmetic/math letter grade, overall high school average letter grade, self-estimation of time to become fully effective in the ATCS role, self-estimation of percentile ranking in the FAA program relative to the class, size of neighborhood raised, or socioeconomic status—are significant predictors of job performance status for controllers as measured by whether they pass the field OJT (i.e., certified or still in training, or failed certification or left training). The regression results for the PS and NG controllers were found to be statistically significant (χ² (23) = 68.377, p < .001) and (χ² (17) = 99.496, p < .001), respectively. Findings that overall high school grade point average and socioeconomic status significantly predicted ATCS job performance for both PS and NG controllers could influence the FAA's use of revised biodata to better predict ATCS job performance. Further research should include studies of socioeconomic status, gender, and race to address new evidence that the AT-SAT has adverse impact.

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Theriault, Jordan Eugene. "Morality as a Scaffold for Social Prediction." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107624.

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Thesis advisor: Liane L. Young
Thesis advisor: Elizabeth A. Kensinger
Theory of mind refers to the process of representing others’ mental states. This process consistently elicits activity in a network of brain regions: the theory of mind network (ToMN). Typically, theory of mind has been understood in terms of content, i.e. representing the semantic content of someone’s beliefs. However, recent work has proposed that ToMN activity could be better understood in the context of social prediction; or, more specifically, prediction error—the difference between observed and predicted information. Social predictions can be represented in multiple forms—e.g. dispositional predictions about who a person is, prescriptive norms about what people should do, and descriptive norms about what people frequently do. Part 1 examined the relationship between social prediction error and ToMN activity, finding that the activity in the ToMN was related to both dispositional, and prescriptive predictions. Part 2 examined the semantic content represented by moral claims. Prior work has suggested that morals are generally represented and understood as objective, i.e. akin to facts. Instead, we found that moral claims are represented as far more social than prior work had anticipated, eliciting a great deal of activity across the ToMN. Part 3 examined the relationship between ToMN activity and metaethical status, i.e. the extent that morals were perceived as objective or subjective. Objective moral claims elicited less ToMN activity, whereas subjective moral claimed elicited more. We argue that this relationship is best understood in the context of prediction, where objective moral claims represent strong social priors about what most people will believe. Finally, I expand on this finding and argue that a theoretical approach incorporating social prediction has serious implications for morality, or more specifically, for the motivations underlying normative compliance. People may be compelled to observe moral rules because doing so maintains a predictable social environment
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology

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Patton, Paul. "Ecological realism, prediction, and a new understanding of perception." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1561403.

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The psychologist J. J. Gibson, and later the enactivists, espoused a view of perception emphasized active sensory exploration, and the biological functions perception serves. They tended to neglect the internal complexity of perceptual systems. Neuroscientists and computer vision researchers, on the other hand, focus on the complex structure and inner workings of perceptual systems, to the neglect of biological and behavioral context. Here I will formulate a version of ecological realism which reconciles and critiques these seemingly disparate approaches.

I argue that the objects of perception are relational invariant structures preserved within the changing flux of perceptual input. The function of perception is to enable appropriate behavior with respect to affordances, which are objective three-way relations between worldly features, animal abilities, and animal needs. The invariant relationships perceived tend to be those which signify affordance relationships for the species and individual in question.

The perception-action cycle is but one example of the circular dynamics of perceptual systems. The neural portions of such systems are also in a state of constant feed-forward and feedback dynamical interaction with one another. These dynamics confer an active autonomy on perceptual systems as manifested by phenomena like dreams, hallucinations, and perceptual illusions. Metaphorically, such systems may function to constantly formulate and test hypotheses about affordances based on perceptual evidence and prior categorical experience. Hierarchical predictive models of perception, in which perceptual systems consist of a hierarchy of Bayesian statistical predictors, represent a possible means by which this metaphor might be crafted into a testable scientific hypothesis. Perception, even if it involves actively autonomous perceptual systems coping with ambiguous input, is epistemically reliable most of the time, because it is constantly tested by action. Perceptual states are true or valid if they bear an appropriate relationship to objective affordance relationships, and false or invalid if they do not. These views require a reformulation of the venerable distinction between `direct' and `indirect' perception. Perception is ontologically direct in the sense of dealing in objective relationships in the world, but justificationally indirect in the sense of requiring an argument that perceptual beliefs are generally epistemically reliable.

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Lowy, Elliott. "The evolution of the golden rule /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9017.

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32

Birnie, Jamrd Whyte. "A behavioural study using decision analysis of building cost prediction by chartered quantity surveyors." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358146.

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Cravalho, Patrick F. "Strategic Inference of Means and Variances: An Investigation of Adult and Child Numerical Prediction." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1447163486.

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McGruer, Fiona. "Basic prediction mechanisms as a precursor for schizophrenia studies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8236/.

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Traditionally, early visual cortex (V1-3) was thought of as merely a relay centre for feedforward retinal input, providing entry to the cortical visual processing steam. However, in addition to feedforward retinal input, V1 receives a large amount of intracortical information through feedback and lateral connections. Human visual perception is constructed from combining feedforward inputs with these feedback and lateral contributions. Feedback connections allow the visual cortical response to feedforward information to be affected by expectation, knowledge, and context; even at the level of early visual cortex. In Chapter 1 we discuss the feedforward and feedback visual processing streams. We consider historical philosophical and scientific propositions about constructive vision. We introduce modern theories of constructive vision, which suggest that vision is an active process that aims to infer or predict the cause of sensory inputs. We discuss how V1 therefore represents not only retinal input but also high-level effects related to constructive predictive perception. Visual illusions are a ‘side effect’ of constructive and inferential visual perception. For the vast majority of stimulus inputs, integration with context and knowledge facilitates clearer, more veridical perception. In illusion these constructive mechanisms produce incorrect percepts. Illusory effects can be observed in early visual cortex, even when there is no change in the feedforward visual input. We suggest that illusions therefore provide us with a tool to probe feedforward and feedback integration, as they exploit the difference between retinal stimulation and resulting perception. Thus, illusions allow us to see the changes in activation and perception induced only by feedback without changes in feedforward input. We discuss a few specific examples of illusion generation through feedback and the accompanying effects on V1 processing. In Schizophrenia, the integration of feedback and feedforward information is thought to be dysfunctional, with unbalanced contributions of the two sources. This is evidenced by disrupted contextual binding in visual perception and corresponding deficits in contextual illusion perception. We propose that illusions can provide a window into constructive and inferential visual perception in Schizophrenia. Use of illusion paradigms could help elucidate the deficits existing within feedback and feedforward integration. If we can establish clear effects of illusory feedback to V1 in a typical population, we can apply this knowledge to clinical subjects to observe the differences in feedback and feedforward information. Chapter 2 describes a behavioural study of the rubber hand illusion. We probe how multimodal illusory experience arises under varying reliabilities of visuotactile feedforward input. We recorded Likert ratings of illusion experience from subjects, after their hidden hand was stimulated either synchronously or asynchronously with a visible rubber hand (200, 300, 400, or 600ms visuotactile asynchronicity). We used two groups, assessed by a questionnaire measuring a subject’s risk of developing Schizophrenia - moderate/high scorers and a control group of zero-scorers. We therefore consider how schizotypal symptoms contribute to rubber hand illusory experience and interact with visuotactile reliability. Our results reveal that the impact of feedforward information on higher level illusory body schema is modulated by its reliability. Less reliable feedforward inputs (increasing asynchronicity) reduce illusion perception. Our data suggests that some illusions may not be affected on a spectrum of schizotypal traits but only in the full schizophrenic disorder, as we found no effect of group on illusion perception. In Chapter 3 we present an fMRI investigation of the rubber hand illusion in typical participants. Cortical feedback allows information about other modalities and about cognitive states to be represented at the level of V1. Using a multimodal illusion, we investigated whether crossmodal and illusory states could be represented in early visual cortex in the absence of differential visual input. We found increased BOLD activity in motion area V5 and global V1 when the feedforward tactile information and the illusory outcome were incoherent (for example when the subject was experiencing the illusion during asynchronous stimulation). This is suggestive of increased predictive error, supporting predictive coding models of cognitive function. Additionally, we reveal that early visual cortex contains pattern representations specific to the illusory state, irrespective of tactile stimulation and under identical feedforward visual input. In Chapter 4 we use the motion-induced blindness illusion to demonstrate that feedback modulates stimulus representations in V1 during illusory disappearance. We recorded fMRI data from subjects viewing a 2D cross array rotating around a central axis, passing over an oriented Gabor patch target (45°/ 135°). We attempted to decode the target orientation from V1 when the target was either visible or invisible to subjects. Target information could be decoded during target visibility but not during motion-induced blindness. This demonstrates that the target representation in V1 is distorted or destroyed when the target is perceptually invisible. This illusion therefore has effects not only at higher cortical levels, as previously shown, but also in early sensory areas. The representation of the stimulus in V1 is related to perceptual awareness. Importantly, Chapter 4 demonstrated that intracortical processing can disturb constant feedforward information and overwrite feedforward representations. We suggest that the distortion observed occurs through feedback from V5 about the cross array in motion, overwriting feedforward orientation information. The flashed face distortion illusion is a relatively newly discovered illusion in which quickly presented faces become monstrously distorted. The neural underpinnings of the illusion remain unclear; however it has been hypothesised to be a face-specific effect. In Chapter 5 we challenged this account by exploiting two hallmarks of face-specific processing - the other-race effect and left visual field superiority. In two experiments, two ethnic groups of subjects viewed faces presented bilaterally in the visual periphery. We varied the race of the faces presented (same or different than subject), the visual field that the faces were presented in, and the duration of successive presentations (250, 500, 750 or 1000ms per face before replacement). We found that perceived distortion was not affected by stimulus race, visual field, or duration of successive presentations (measured by forced choice in experiment 1 and Likert scale in experiment 2). We therefore provide convincing evidence that FFD is not face-specific and instead suggest that it is an object-general effect created by comparisons between successive stimuli. These comparisons are underlined by a fed back higher level model which dictates that objects cannot immediately replace one another in the same retinotopic space without movement. In Chapter 6 we unify these findings. We discuss how our data show fed back effects on perception to produce visual illusion; effects which cannot be explained through purely feedforward activity processing. We deliberate how lateral connections and attention effects may contribute to our results. We describe known neural mechanisms which allow for the integration of feedback and feedforward information. We discuss how this integration allows V1 to represent the content of visual awareness, including during some of the illusions presented in this thesis. We suggest that a unifying theory of brain computation, Predictive Coding, may explain why feedback exerts top-down effects on feedforward processing.
Lastly we discuss how our findings, and others that demonstrate feedback and prediction effects, could help develop the study and understanding of schizophrenia, including our understanding of the underlying neurological pathologies.

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35

Fleece, Amy Mattina. "An investigation of the relationship between predictions, metamemory, and recognition memory performance." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28639.

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LeeTiernan, Scott. "Modeling and predicting stable response variation across situations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9076.

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Kiwala, Kathleen L. "A Model to Predict Recycling Behaviors: Reusing Ajzen's Model One More Time." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4607.

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The prediction of self-reported recycling behaviors was examined using variations and expansions of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Three hundred and forty-eight residents from the Multnomah, Clackamas and Washington counties in Oregon completed a questionnaire that assessed attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions, self-reports of recycling behavior, moral obligation and past behavior. Recycling behaviors and intentions were grouped into three categories of difficulty by a factor analysis. Structural equation analysis did not support Ajzen's model. It was found that although attitudes was correlated with the antecedent variables, it did not directly influence intentions or behaviors. Perceived behavioral control had the largest direct influence on behavior. Subjective norms had the greatest direct influence on intentions. Past behavior, as measured, was not significantly related to any variable in the model. The inclusion of moral obligation added significantly to the ability to predict recycling behavior. Moral obligation directly influenced subjective norms, attitude, perceived behavioral control and behavior. The results suggest that programs that aim to increase recycling behaviors should focus on: the community good as the motivation for recycling, the impacts of the individual's recycling behavior on community resources, the "how to's" of recycling, and supplying services and information about those services.

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Brunty, Tom J. "The prediction of return-to-work in a chronic pain population : psychological, demographic and medical variables /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487775034178146.

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Miller, Gina L. "An empirical investigation of a categorization based model of the evaluation formation process as it pertains to set membership prediction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29984.

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Wolman, Stacey D. "The effects of biographical data on the prediction of domain knowledge." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08022005-140654/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Dr. Phillip L. Ackerman, Committee Chair ; Dr. Ruth Kanfer, Committee Co-Chair ; Dr. Lawrence James, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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41

Clements, Andrea D., Anna V. Ermakova, and Beth A. Bailey. "Screening for Religious Commitment: Prediction of Surrender to God From a Single-Item." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7279.

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42

Baranowsky, Anna B. "Prediction of nontraditional vs. traditional studies among university students through social, cognitive, attributional and demographic factors." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4071.

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Male and female students continue to be under or over-represented in specific study domains suggesting a selection criterion not always reflective of interest, ability, and good fit (Statistics Canada, 1992). In order to understand the social, cognitive and personal attributes which underlie the choices that maintain this imbalance, undergraduate university students were given problem solving, attitudinal and attribution measures. The aim of this study was to predict male or female dominated educational choices with the future intent of enhancing occupational suitability. The Impostor Phenomenon questionnaire, Social Problem Solving Inventory-R, Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale, and the CAVE attribution procedure were selected for their potential utility as predictors. Study participants included male (n = 185) and female (n = 177) undergraduate students (N = 362) majoring in traditional and non-traditional studies (i.e., computer science, engineering, psychology, education, nursing) from the University of Ottawa and Carleton University. Hypotheses testing utilized Logistic Regression Analyses (LRA) and results revealed primary measures to possess only weak predictive ability for non-traditional (NTS) vs. traditional study (TS) choice. Overall, students were not overly influenced by selected social and cognitive factors in their study choice. Exploratory LRA for the male sample identified parental SES, certain types of problem solving skills, and a desire for an alternate career as factors that resulted in the best fit (81% correct classification) and statistical significance (p < .001). Exploratory LRA for the female sample was non-significant. Recommendations for improving predictive ability in future studies include utilizing behaviorally driven intentional measures linked closely to past and future educational and occupational decisions (i.e., Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). Future investigations should follow the noteworthy perceptual differences in the male and female sample groups supported through empirical and theoretical distinctions reported in this study. This line of inquiry continues to pose a worthwhile challenge directed toward the identification of factors that potentially block ability and interest from directing educational pursuits and the harmonization of persistent imbalances in career choices.

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Golson, Angela Cole. "The prediction of wellness factors on alcohol consumption and behaviors related to alcohol among college students." Mississippi State University, 2013.

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44

Pashdag, Joanna A. "Sexual Assault Survivors' Narratives and Prediction of Revictimization." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1103229596.

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45

Boshoff, Stephanus Cornelius. "Voorspellers van die verhoudingskwaliteit van gay mans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20966.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1995.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objectives of the present research were to predict the quality of relationships of gay male couples, as well as those of the members of the couples, on the basis of chosen variables. These chosen variables were taken along an ecological framework, which took into account variables from a personal, psychological, interpersonal and social context. Five variables received wide coverage in the present research: The sexual behavioural status of the relationship, sex role self-concept, sex role behaviour, perceived social support from family and friends, and passing. Partner-homogamy was also an important variable in the present research. This resulted in differences in the chosen variables within couples being used to predict the quality of the relationships of gay male couples. A sample of 30 couples was obtained through advertisements in the local gay press. The sample comprised mostly middle and high-class whites who had been involved in well-functioning, long-lasting (:t 8 years) relationships and who had lived together. Each couple received by mail two identical sets of measuring instruments - one for each member of the couple - to complete independently from the other. The measuring instruments, which were all self-reporting scales, were the Biographical and Personal Questionnaire, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Bern Sex Role Inventory, the Shared Decision Making Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Being Known to Distant Others Scale, the Being Known to Significant Others Scale, and the Desire to Pass Scale. Results were obtained through statistical analysis with both the couples (N = 30) and the partners (N = 60) as the unit of analysis. When the respective results are viewed together, the most important correlates of the quality of relationships were an increase in the length of the relationship, a female self-concept among both partners, the viewing of shared decision making within the relationship, and overtly maintaining a gay lifestyle, together with partner-homogamy with regard to a female self-concept, perceived social support from friends, and the level of overtness concerning sexual preferences. Furthermore, it was important that psychological masculinity had to be vested in one member of the couple only. The most important predictors of the quality of well adjusted relationships were an increase in the length of the relationship, a female self-concept among both partners, the viewing of shared decision making in the relationship, little perceived social support from friends and family, and maintaining an overt gay lifestyle, together with the homogamy of partners towards perceived social support from friends, being known as gay to significant others, and the view of shared decision making in the relationship respectively. Furthermore, it was important that one of the members had to have previous experience of gay relationships. The greatest limitation of the present research was the small sample which resulted in low statistical power. The research has, however, made a contribution by shedding light on the functioning of gay male couples within the South African context.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primere doelstellings van die huidige ondersoek was om die verhoudingskwaliteit van manlike gay pare, sowel as die van die paarlede, te voorspel aan die hand van sekere gekose veranderlikes. Die gekose veranderlikes is saamgevat binne 'n ekologiese raamwerk wat veranderlikes vanuit 'n persoonlike, sielkundige, interpersoonlike en sosiale konteks behels het. Veral vyf veranderlikes het wye dekking in die huidige ondersoek geniet, naamlik die seksuele gedragstatus van die. verhouding, geslagsrolselfkonsep, geslagsrolgedrag, waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van gesin en vriende, en verskansing. Ook paarlid-homogamie was 'n belangrike veranderlike in die huidige ondersoek, met die gevolg dat verskille in die gekose veranderlikes binne pare gebruik is as 'n verdere voorspelling van die verhoudingskwaliteit van manlike gay pare. 'n Steekproef van 30 pare is bekom deur middel van advertensies in die plaaslike gay pers. Die steekproef het hoofsaaklik uit middel- en hoeklas blankes bestaan wat in goed-funksionerende, samewonende verhoudings van hoe tydsduur (:f: 8 jaar) betrokke was. Elke paar het per pos twee identiese stelle meetinstrumente ontvang - een vir elke lid om in onafhanklikheid van sy maat te voltooi. Die meetinstrumente, almaI selfbeoordelingskale, was die Biografiese en Persoonlike Vraelys, die "Dyadic Adjustment Scale", die "Bem Sex Role Inventory", die "Shared Decision Making Scale", die "Perceived Social Support Scale", die "Being Known to Distant Others Scale", die "Being Known to Significant Others Scale", en die "Desire to Pass Scale". Resultate is verkry deur statistiese ontledings uit te voer met onderskeidelik die paar (N = 30) en die paarlede (N = 60) as eenheid van analise. Indien die verskillende resultate gesamentlik in oenskou geneem word, was die belangrikste korrelate van verhoudingskwaliteit 'n toename in verhoudingslengte, 'n vroulike selfkonsep by beide paarlede, die beskouing van gedeelde besluitneming binne die verhouding en die handhawing van 'n openlike gay lewenstyl, tesame met paarlid-homogamie ten opsigte van 'n vroulike selfkonsep, waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van vriende en die vlak van openlikheid met betrekking tot seksuele voorkeure. Verder was dit ook van belang dat slegs een van die paarlede oor psigologiese manlikheid moes beskik. Die belangrikste voorspellers van verhoudingskwaliteit was 'n toename in verhoudingslengte, 'n vroulike selfkonsep by beide paarlede, die beskouing van gedeelde besluitneming binne die verhouding, min waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van vriende en die gesin, en die handhawing van 'n openlike gay lewenstyl, tesame met paarlid-homogamie ten opsigte van onderskeidelik waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van vriende, bekendheid as gay aan betekenisvolle ander en die beskouing van gedeelde besluitneming binne die verhouding. Daarby was dit ook belangrik dat een van die paarlede vorige ervaring van gay verhoudings moes gehad het. Die grootste enkele beperking van die huidige ondersoek was die relatief klein steekproef wat lae statistiese kragdoeltreffendheid tot gevolg gehad het. Die ondersoek het egter 'n bydrae gelewer deur lig te werp op die funksionering van manlike gay verhoudings binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks.

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46

Marshall, Margaret A. "The traits as situational sensitivities (TASS) model : a more accurate way to predict behavior /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8991.

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ELLIS-SCHWABE, MICHELLE ANDREE. "PREDICTION OF CLASSROOMS THAT ARE AT RISK: IMPLICATIONS FOR STAFF DEVELOPMENT (ARIZONA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183910.

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This study was designed to isolate variables that could predict classrooms where there is some risk of low academic achievement. Observations were conducted in 18 second through sixth grade classrooms in Tucson, Arizona. A minimum of three observations were conducted in each classroom for each of two subject areas, reading and mathematics. The California Achievement Test was used as the pre and post outcome measure. Multiple correlation analyses were used to predict classrooms that would be expected to have low academic achievement gains over the course of one year of instruction. These "at-risk" classrooms were identified using variables derived from a model of academic learning time. The results indicated that the best predictors of reading achievement were process variables such as focusing on task and receiving corrective feedback. This was true when both achievement gain and achievement residuals were time variables such as allocated and engaged time. Though further research is necessary, this study suggests that variables associated with a model of academic learning time appear promising as predictors of classrooms that are at-risk. The possibility of early and valid predictions of this kind has obvious implications for staff development programs. Using the data from classroom observations, specific inservice procedures could be used to alleviate the causes of academic risk. Staff development programs targeted to classrooms that are identified as at-risk would also allow more efficient use of scarce inservice dollars.

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Grauer, Eyal. "APPLYING NEURAL NETWORKING TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE AND TURNOVER PREDICTION." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162830768.

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Nicholson, Toby. "One step ahead : investigating the influence of prior knowledge on the perception of others' actions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3660.

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Historically, a dominant view has been that we understand others by directly matching their actions to our own motor system, emphasising the importance of bottom-up processes during social perception. However, more recent theories suggest that instead we actively anticipate others actions based upon intentions inferred outside of the motor system, from social cues such as language, eye gaze and object information. Across 13 experiments, the established representational momentum paradigm, as well as a cross-modal visuotactile paradigm were employed to test the hypothesis that people’s perceptual processes while observing the actions of others would be affected by such top-down cues about the actor’s intentions. We found, first, that people overestimate other people’s actions in the direction of motion. Importantly, these overestimations were directly influenced by social cues. Saying or hearing a word congruent with a subsequently observed action resulted in the action being perceived as further along its trajectory. Second, we found that people anticipate the tactile outcomes of other people’s actions with their own sensory tactile systems but that the mechanisms differed for bottom-up and top-down driven predictions. In a task in which people had to detect tactile stimulation while watching others, seeing impending hand-object contact increased the bias to perceive tactile stimulation, even when there was none, while impending contact that could not be seen but only inferred increased tactile sensitivity. These findings are discussed in the context of recent theories of top-down predictive processing during social perception and from the perspective of multisensory integration.

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Blume, Arthur W. "The central executive model : an examination of its utility to predict changes in drinking behavior among people abusing alcohol /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9148.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prediction (Psychology)'

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