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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prediction of scholastic success

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Academic literature on the topic 'Prediction of scholastic success'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Prediction of scholastic success"

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Shaughnessy, Michael F., Kris Spray, Jack Moore, and Carole Siegel. "Prediction of Success in College Calculus: Personality, Scholastic Aptitude Test, and Screening Scores." Psychological Reports 77, no. 3_suppl (December 1995): 1360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3f.1360.

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This study explored the relationship between Scholastic Aptitude Test scores, personality scores as measured by the 16 PF, Fifth Edition, and screening test scores of 87 students to predict success in college calculus. The results are discussed and implications reviewed.

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Meeker, Frank, Daniel Fox, and Bernard E. Whitley. "Predictors of Academic Success in the Undergraduate Psychology Major." Teaching of Psychology 21, no. 4 (December 1994): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2104_9.

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Transcript data were compiled on 288 recent college graduates majoring in psychology to determine the variables that correlated best with grade point average in psychology (PSYGPA). The graduates were a highly diverse group in terms of high school academic backgrounds, grades in high school, and Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. Factor analysis of 26 predictor variables revealed three clusters of variables: high school grades/verbal, general studies, and mathematics. Multiple regression analyses revealed PSYGPA to be predicted by the grade in Introductory Psychology, general studies coursework, and mathematics factors, which together accounted for 67% of the variance. The prediction equation differed somewhat from that obtained for students at another university; consequently, prediction equations used to screen majors should be based only on students at a particular institution.

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Umamaheswari, P., M. Vanitha, P. Vimala Devi, J. Glory Theporal, and Badal Rihan Basha. "Student success prediction using a novel machine learning approach based on modified SVM." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 6 (December 15, 2023): 2024ss0110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024ss0103.

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Education holds an indispensable place in society. The 2020 coronavirus outbreak, which wrought havoc worldwide, imparted varying ramifications on the educational landscape. Numerous studies underscored a decline in student performance, thereby accentuating the urgency of addressing this concern proactively and discerning the contributory factors. As a cornerstone of societal progress, education is universally championed by governments and nations alike. Recognizing the vital need to monitor students to avert academic derailment, the capacity to predict student performance equips educators to vigilantly track outcomes and make informed decisions that bolster both learning and achievement. The model proposed in this study emerges as a superior classifier, offering enhanced accuracy while concurrently mitigating risks of overfitting and underfitting, courtesy of sophisticated machine learning algorithms. This investigation delineates the primary drivers influencing student success. It undertakes student data-based classification and juxtaposes various classifiers. The efficacy of the proposed methodology was corroborated using metrics like accuracy, recall, and the F1 score, registering commendable values of 84%, 95%, and 82% respectively, outpacing traditional models. This innovative approach promises to be instrumental in forecasting students' scholastic trajectories, thereby empowering stakeholders to execute timely interventions.

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Shochet, Ian M. "The Moderator Effect of Cognitive Modifiability on a Traditional Undergraduate Admissions Test for Disadvantaged Black Students in South Africa." South African Journal of Psychology 24, no. 4 (December 1994): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639402400406.

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Universities in South Africa are faced with the problem of finding admissions criteria, other than high school grades, that are both fair and valid for black applicants severely disadvantaged by an inferior school education. The use of traditional intellectual assessments and aptitude tests (such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test) for disadvantaged and minority students remains controversial as a fair assessment, in that these tests do not take account of potential for change. In this study, therefore, a measure of students' cognitive modifiability, assessed by means of an Interactive Assessment model, was added as a moderator of the traditional intellectual assessment in predicting first-year university success. Cognitive modifiability significantly moderated the predictive validity of the traditional intellectual assessment for a sample of disadvantaged black students enrolled in the first year Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of the Witwatersrand. The higher the level of cognitive modifiability, the less effective were traditional methods for predicting academic success and vice versa. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Crouse, James. "Does the SAT Help Colleges Make Better Selection Decisions?" Harvard Educational Review 55, no. 2 (July 1, 1985): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.55.2.b3q411p04222l175.

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The College Entrance Examination Board and the Educational Testing Service claim that the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) improves colleges' predictions of their applicants' success. James Crouse uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of high school students to calculate the actual improvement in freshman grade point averages, college completion,and total years of schooling resulting from colleges' use of the SAT. He then compares those predictions with predictions based on applicants' high school rank. Crouse argues that the College Board and the Educational Testing Service have yet to demonstrate that the high costs of the SAT are justified by its limited ability to predict student performance.

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Causarano, Pietro, and Chiara Martinelli. "Innovation, homologation, regimentation. The multiple perspectives of the Delegated decrees." Rivista di Storia dell’Educazione 11, no. 1 (June 23, 2024): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rse-16201.

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In 1974, the so-called “Decreti Delegati” occurred after years of ministerial documents and experimentations whose success depended on headmasters’ and teachers’ leanings; they put into action parts of suggestions and predictions made during the first years of 1970s. Indeed, they modified the way scholastic organisation runs, they de-verticalized it to some extent and established connections among school, society and territory on an institutional basis. This constitutes a topic that has been highly debated in the domain of educational sciences, as are the frantic and complex social events occurred after 1968.

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García y García, Blanca Elba. "To What Factors do University Students Attribute Their Academic Success?" Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2021.140101.

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This study explores the attributions to which undergraduate university students ascribe academic achievement. Attribution theory was used as a means to understand scholastic success-failure. The questions that guided the study were the following: What are the causal attributions that predominate in students' academic achievement? Is there a difference between male and female students? Is there a difference if average grades and the number of failed subjects, factored as benchmarks of academic achievement, are considered? Do the measured attributions have any weight when predicting students’ grades? A Likert scale measuring eight different attributions of academic achievement was applied to 165 students. The results showed that the most important attribution for academic achievement was intelligence. Sex-related differences were found in two attributes: calm and effort. In general, students with four failed subjects were those with the lowest averages measured in attributions. The variables that predicted good grades for male students were effort and good teachers, for female students, a liking for teachers, luck, and attention.

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Currie, Lacy K., Christopher T. Pisarik, Earl J. Ginter, Ann Shanks Glauser, Christopher Hayes, and Julian C. Smit. "Life-Skills as a Predictor of Academic Success: An Exploratory Study." Psychological Reports 111, no. 1 (August 2012): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.04.17.pr0.111.4.157-164.

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Traditional predictors of academic performance in college, such as measures of verbal and mathematical abilities [i.e., Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)] and academic achievement (i.e., high school GPA), often account for less than 25% of the variance in college performance, thus leaving a considerable amount of variance unexplained. The primary goal of this study was to examine developmental variables that may account for academic achievement beyond the traditional indices mentioned. Specifically, the relationships among four categories of life-skills and cumulative GPA were examined. A hierarchical multiple-regression analysis revealed that the four life-skills categories predicted an additional 9.4% of the variance in cumulative GPA beyond high school GPA and SAT scores. Of the four categories, physical fitness/health maintenance skills made a statistically significant, unique contribution to predicting cumulative GPA. Because of the exploratory nature of the current study, suggestions are made for conducting future research in light of the study's limitations.

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Lanham, B. Dean, Edward J. Schauer, and G. Solomon Osho. "A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Non-Cognitive Measures: Predicting Academic Success In A Historically Black University In South Texas." Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i4.4193.

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Universities have long used standardized American College Tests (ACT), Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT), and high school Grade Point Averages (HS GPA) for academic admission requirements. The current study of 127 minority college students in a Historically Black University in South Texas assesses an alternative measure, the Non-Cognitive Questionnaire developed by William Sedlacek. It is also important to test the validity of these standards for graduation success. As part of the process for residence hall placement at the Historically Black University, each participant completed a Non-Cognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) (Schauer, 2007). Preliminary indications provide neither a clear cut distinction nor a strong probability of success based on ACT or SAT scores among minority college students. High school GPA appears to be the best predictor of college graduation success among academic admission requirements in a Historically Black University. The NCQ appears to be a weak predictive tool in the success rates of minority students in the current study. Further study is required in the child developmental years of educational training.

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Varrasi, Simone, Francesco Maria Boccaccio, Claudia Savia Guerrera, Giuseppe Alessio Platania, Concetta Pirrone, and Sabrina Castellano. "Schooling and Occupational Outcomes in Adults with ADHD: Predictors of Success and Support Strategies for Effective Learning." Education Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13010037.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that is usually diagnosed in childhood. It is characterized by attention deficits, hyperactivity, and impulsivity leading to significant impairment in academic, occupational, familiar, and social functioning. Most of the literature has been focusing on the impact of this condition on infancy and preadolescence, but little is known on its consequences in adulthood. This narrative review addresses this gap by focusing on the studies regarding the schooling outcomes of this population. After identifying the specific clinical and neuropsychological profile of ADHD in adults, this study analyzes their precise needs for effective learning and presents evidence on their academic and occupational achievements. Pharmacological, educational, and rehabilitative factors predicting a positive scholastic and career success are critically reviewed. Finally, this study focuses on the strategies that can improve the learning processes in adults with ADHD by expanding the analysis on executive functions, metacognition, and emotional dysregulation. Schooling outcomes in adults with ADHD, therefore, are conceptualized as a complex measure depending on several variables, like early pharmacological treatment, educational support, neuropsychological intervention, and targeted strategies for life-long learning.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prediction of scholastic success"

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Hutto, Rodney Dean. "Teacher evaluation and development and student performance." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008259.

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陳衍輝 and Hin-fai Gregory Chan. "Selection for admission to the undergraduate programmes of the University of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29910857.

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Hoveland, Carole Munson. "Relationships between learning and study strategies and academic achievement in associate degree nursing students." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136092611&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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DeFelice, Carol Esselborn. "The relationship between self-efficacy and academic achievement in associate degree nursing programs /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1989. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10901449.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1989.
Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Elizabeth H. Tucker. Dissertation Committee: Elizabeth M. Maloney. Bibliography: leaves 75-78.

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Nicholson, Kathleen J. "Use of Cattell-Horn-Carroll specific cognitive abilities to enhance prediction of reading on the third grade Pennsylvania System of State Assessment." Open access to IUP's electronic theses and dissertations, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2069/152.

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Stuart, Gale Sherwood. "Making connections the role of the social networks of first-year students enrolled in learning communities in predicting success in college /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666398331&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thomas, Joan. "The effects of academic monitoring for students who have been academically dismissed and readmitted to the University of Wisconsin-Stout." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000thomasj.pdf.

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Frisco, Michelle Lynn. "Adolescents' future opportunity : family, sexual decision-making, and academic achievement /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3031598.

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Crumrine, David A. "Effective graduation proficiency assessment parents' perception of high-stakes vs. multiple assessment as a predictor of future success /." Open access to IUP's electronic theses and dissertations, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2069/140.

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Norman, Lynn Purcell Witte James E. "Prediction of nursing student performance in first year coursework." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%208-7-07/NORMAN_LYNN_17.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Prediction of scholastic success"

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Acevedo, Gladys Lopez. Professional development and incentives for teacher performance in schools in Mexico. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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Boeyens, J. C. A. Learning potential. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1989.

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Wenglinsky, Harold. When money matters: How educational expenditures improve student performance and how they don't. Princeton, N.J: Policy Information Center, Educational Testing Service, 1997.

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David, Owen. None of the above: Behind the myth of scholastic aptitude. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.

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Noble, Julie. Predicting college grades from ACT assessment scores and high school course work and grade information. Iowa City: American College Testing Program, 1991.

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Educational Resources Information Center (U.S.), ed. Fostering resilience and learning success in schools: 20/20 analysis. [Philadelphia, PA]: Mid-Atlantic Laboratory for Student Success, 1996.

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Noble, Julie. Effects of differential prediction in college admissions for traditional- and nontraditional-aged students. Iowa City, Iowa: ACT, Inc., 2000.

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Breland, Hunter M. The performance assessment study in writing: Analysis of the SAT II, writing subject test. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1999.

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Ziomek, Robert L. Predicting the college grade point averages of special-tested students from their ACT assessment scores and high school grades. Iowa City, Iowa: American College Testing Program, 1996.

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Kaestner, Robert. Are brothers really better?: Sibling sex composition and educational achievement revisited. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Prediction of scholastic success"

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Jha, Kumar Neeraj. "Project Performance Prediction." In Determinants of Construction Project Success in India, 119–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6256-5_5.

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Dhinakaran Samuel, R., and Santhosh Kumar. "Prediction of Erp Success Before the Implementation." In International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation (IEMI2012) Proceedings, 219–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38445-5_22.

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Malik, Saleem, K. Jothimani, and U. J. Ujwal. "A Comparative Analysis to Measure Scholastic Success of Students Using Data Science Methods." In Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications, 27–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5482-5_3.

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Bell, Michael J., Matthew J. Martin, and Nancy K. Nichols. "Application of Data Assimilation to Ocean and Climate Prediction." In UK Success Stories in Industrial Mathematics, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25454-8_1.

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Alhijawi, Bushra, and Arafat Awajan. "Prediction of Movie Success Using Twitter Temporal Mining." In Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 105–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2377-6_12.

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Rahimian, Farzad Pour, Jack Steven Goulding, Sepehr Abrishami, Saleh Seyedzadeh, and Faris Elghaish. "Dynamic sustainable success prediction model for infrastructure projects." In Industry 4.0 Solutions for Building Design and Construction, 240–62. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003106944-12.

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Lazaridou-Varotsos, Mary S. "Earthquake at Chalkidiki, 1995: The success of the prediction." In Earthquake Prediction by Seismic Electric Signals, 125–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24406-3_13.

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Fresnoza-Flot, Asuncion. "Migration, Familial Challenges, and Scholastic Success: Mobilities Experiences of 1.5-Generation Filipinos in France." In Mobile Childhoods in Filipino Transnational Families, 59–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137515148_4.

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Lash, Michael, Sunyang Fu, Shiyao Wang, and Kang Zhao. "Early Prediction of Movie Success — What, Who, and When." In Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, and Prediction, 345–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16268-3_41.

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Baneres, David. "Towards a Particular Prediction System to Evaluate Student’s Success." In Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, 935–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49109-7_91.

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Conference papers on the topic "Prediction of scholastic success"

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Bydžovská, Hana, and Michal Brandejs. "Towards Student Success Prediction." In International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005041701620169.

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Darapaneni, Narayana, Christopher Bellarmine, Anwesh Reddy Paduri, Sujana Entoori, Abir Kumar, S. V. Vybhav, and Koushik Mondal. "Movie Success Prediction Using ML." In 2020 11th IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uemcon51285.2020.9298145.

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Sharchilev, Boris, Michael Roizner, Andrey Rumyantsev, Denis Ozornin, Pavel Serdyukov, and Maarten de Rijke. "Web-based Startup Success Prediction." In CIKM '18: The 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3269206.3272011.

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Li, Yan, Vineeth Rakesh, and Chandan K. Reddy. "Project Success Prediction in Crowdfunding Environments." In WSDM 2016: Ninth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2835776.2835791.

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Brinkman, Mees. "Student Success Prediction in International Business." In 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Education. ACAVENT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/3rd.educationconf.2021.03.220.

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Mukherjee, Partha, Youakim Badr, and Srushti N. Karvekar. "Prediction of Success in Crowdfunding Platforms." In 2020 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasa51403.2020.9317273.

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Athira, M. D., and K. S. Lakshmi. "Movie success prediction using ensemble classifier." In 2020 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci48352.2020.9104183.

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Ahmad, Javaria, Prakash Duraisamy, Amr Yousef, and Bill Buckles. "Movie success prediction using data mining." In 2017 8th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt.2017.8204173.

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Carnegie, Dale A., Craig Watterson, Peter Andreae, and Will N. Browne. "Prediction of success in engineering study." In 2012 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2012.6201020.

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Kang, Tingting, Zhengang Wei, Jianxiong Huang, and Zhaoliang Yao. "MOOC Student Success Prediction Using Knowledge Distillation." In 2020 International Conference on Computer Information and Big Data Applications (CIBDA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cibda50819.2020.00088.

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Reports on the topic "Prediction of scholastic success"

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Cartwright, Nancy, Lucy Charlton, Matt Juden, Tamlyn Munslow, and Richard Beadon Williams. Making predictions of programme success more reliable. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmwp1.

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This paper provides an account of how a ‘causal–process–tracing theory of change’ can be very helpful for programme prediction, planning and evaluation. The paper uses case studies as running examples to illustrate how this type of detailed theory of change would be built.

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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Mimoun Elboujdaini, Ming Gao, and Ramiro Vanoye. PR-328-133702-R02 F-S Fatigue Testing of Crack-in-Dent with Framework for Life Prediction. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011628.

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ASME B31.8 states that "Dents that contain stress corrosion cracking or other cracks are injurious to the pipeline" and therefore, requires immediate attention by the Operators. Dent containing crack fields (colonies) are often observed in liquid pipelines. The recently completed PRCI research project MD-1N "Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline" showed evidence of a mechanism for fatigue cracking. The crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor was estimated using the measured spacings of fatigue striations from fracture surfaces based on the assumption that the formation of fatigue striations on a cycle-by-cycle basis. However, due to the lack of full-scale fatigue crack growth data, the success was limited. This gap prompted PRCI to launch a full-scale experimental investigation of crack growth rates of cracks in dents under cyclic pressure load in the simulated groundwater NS4 environment (PRC-328-133702, MD-1Q). The objective of the study was to determine the crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor, the number of cycles to failure, and the failure modes of cracks in dents. The test results would be used to evaluate the validity of cycle-by-cycle based assumption for crack growth rate estimation from the measured fatigue-striation-spacing. The investigation was also aimed at establishing a framework for remaining fatigue life prediction of cracks in dents in liquid pipelines. This framework would benefit liquid pipeline Operators to manage better the integrity of dents associated with corrosion fatigue cracking in groundwater. A total of six pipe samples containing cracks in shallow dents excavated from a retired 24-inch diameter liquid transmission pipeline were available and used for the full-scale fatigue tests. The test system developed under the project consisted of four components: (1) a computer-controlled hydraulic pressure cycling system, (2) an environment chamber containing a simulated groundwater NS4 solution mounted on the pipe in around the dent region to provide a simulated field environment condition; (3) real-time crack growth monitoring systems including direct cur-rent potential drop (DCPD), Clip gage and Strain gage; (4) data acquisition system. The cyclic pressure range used in the fatigue tests was 78 to 780 psig (72%SMYS) with R=0.1, which was based on historical operational pressure data and the Rain flow analysis. A constant frequency of 0.0526 Hz was selected for the testing to ensure the frequency requirement for corrosion fatigue is met. The remaining fatigue life of cracks-in-dents and failure modes were evaluated using the full-scale fatigue test results. Further, fatigue crack growth rates were established. Finally, a framework was developed for the life prediction of cracks in shallow dents based on the findings from six full-scale fatigue cyclic tests. This framework will assist liquid pipeline operators to estimate the remaining fatigue life for cracks in shallow dents utilizing inputs from ILI and pipeline's historical operational pressure fluctuation data and to mitigate the threat of cracks in dents in a timely manner. There is a related webinar.

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Hedrick and Jacobs. PR-457-14201-R01 Variable Natural Gas - Composition Effects and Control Methods for Two-Stroke Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010027.

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Literature is reviewed for the impacts of variable natural gas composition on two-stroke lean burn pipeline compressor engines. Information gathered for these engines can be simplified for development of control algorithms in four-stroke and richer burning engines. Data shows that geospatial, geological, and transient hydraulic effects cause composition variations that adversely affect engine emissions, efficiency, rated performance, and operational safety considering auto-ignition effects. In order to compensate for these changes in composition, better engine control schemes can help meet desired performance goals. For specific gas compositions combusting at a fixed air-fuel ratio, the laminar flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature, and ignition delay relate to and allow the prediction of the mixture�s reactivity, thermal availability, and auto-ignition tendency. Predicting changes in these combustion parameters, as caused by changes in fuel composition, is essential to the success of control development for variable composition engine operation. In addition to addressing the associated combustion effects resulting from variable fuel composition, an overview of sensor technologies is presented for use in control applications.

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Wideman, Jr., Robert F., Nicholas B. Anthony, Avigdor Cahaner, Alan Shlosberg, Michel Bellaiche, and William B. Roush. Integrated Approach to Evaluating Inherited Predictors of Resistance to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Fast Growing Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575287.bard.

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Abstract:

Background PHS (pulmonary hypertension syndrome, ascites syndrome) is a serious cause of loss in the broiler industry, and is a prime example of an undesirable side effect of successful genetic development that may be deleteriously manifested by factors in the environment of growing broilers. Basically, continuous and pinpointed selection for rapid growth in broilers has led to higher oxygen demand and consequently to more frequent manifestation of an inherent potential cardiopulmonary incapability to sufficiently oxygenate the arterial blood. The multifaceted causes and modifiers of PHS make research into finding solutions to the syndrome a complex and multi threaded challenge. This research used several directions to better understand the development of PHS and to probe possible means of achieving a goal of monitoring and increasing resistance to the syndrome. Research Objectives (1) To evaluate the growth dynamics of individuals within breeding stocks and their correlation with individual susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (2) To compile data on diagnostic indices found in this work to be predictive for PHS, during exposure to experimental protocols known to trigger PHS; (3) To conduct detailed physiological evaluations of cardiopulmonary function in broilers; (4) To compile data on growth dynamics and other diagnostic indices in existing lines selected for susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (5) To integrate growth dynamics and other diagnostic data within appropriate statistical procedures to provide geneticists with predictive indices that characterize resistance or susceptibility to PHS. Revisions In the first year, the US team acquired the costly Peckode weigh platform / individual bird I.D. system that was to provide the continuous (several times each day), automated weighing of birds, for a comprehensive monitoring of growth dynamics. However, data generated were found to be inaccurate and irreproducible, so making its use implausible. Henceforth, weighing was manual, this highly labor intensive work precluding some of the original objectives of using such a strategy of growth dynamics in selection procedures involving thousands of birds. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. Healthy broilers were found to have greater oscillations in growth velocity and acceleration than PHS susceptible birds. This proved the scientific validity of our original hypothesis that such differences occur. 2. Growth rate in the first week is higher in PHS-susceptible than in PHS-resistant chicks. Artificial neural network accurately distinguished differences between the two groups based on growth patterns in this period. 3. In the US, the unilateral pulmonary occlusion technique was used in collaboration with a major broiler breeding company to create a commercial broiler line that is highly resistant to PHS induced by fast growth and low ambient temperatures. 4. In Israel, lines were obtained by genetic selection on PHS mortality after cold exposure in a dam-line population comprising of 85 sire families. The wide range of PHS incidence per family (0-50%), high heritability (about 0.6), and the results in cold challenged progeny, suggested a highly effective and relatively easy means for selection for PHS resistance 5. The best minimally-invasive diagnostic indices for prediction of PHS resistance were found to be oximetry, hematocrit values, heart rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) lead II waves. Some differences in results were found between the US and Israeli teams, probably reflecting genetic differences in the broiler strains used in the two countries. For instance the US team found the S wave amplitude to predict PHS susceptibility well, whereas the Israeli team found the P wave amplitude to be a better valid predictor. 6. Comprehensive physiological studies further increased knowledge on the development of PHS cardiopulmonary characteristics of pre-ascitic birds, pulmonary arterial wedge pressures, hypotension/kidney response, pulmonary hemodynamic responses to vasoactive mediators were all examined in depth. Implications, scientific and agricultural Substantial progress has been made in understanding the genetic and environmental factors involved in PHS, and their interaction. The two teams each successfully developed different selection programs, by surgical means and by divergent selection under cold challenge. Monitoring of the progress and success of the programs was done be using the in-depth estimations that this research engendered on the reliability and value of non-invasive predictive parameters. These findings helped corroborate the validity of practical means to improve PHT resistance by research-based programs of selection.

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