Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prédiction de la qualité des odeurs'
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Hladiš, Matej. "Réseaux de neurones en graphes et modèle de langage des protéines pour révéler le code combinatoire de l'olfaction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5024.
Full textMammals identify and interpret a myriad of olfactory stimuli using a complex coding mechanism involving interactions between odorant molecules and hundreds of olfactory receptors (ORs). These interactions generate unique combinations of activated receptors, called the combinatorial code, which the human brain interprets as the sensation we call smell. Until now, the vast number of possible receptor-molecule combinations have prevented a large-scale experimental study of this code and its link to odor perception. Therefore, revealing this code is crucial to answering the long-term question of how we perceive our intricate chemical environment. ORs belong to the class A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and constitute the largest known multigene family. To systematically study olfactory coding, we develop M2OR, a comprehensive database compiling the last 25 years of OR bioassays. Using this dataset, a tailored deep learning model is designed and trained. It combines the [CLS] token embedding from a protein language model with graph neural networks and multi-head attention. This model predicts the activation of ORs by odorants and reveals the resulting combinatorial code for any odorous molecule. This approach is refined by developing a novel model capable of predicting the activity of an odorant at a specific concentration, subsequently allowing the estimation of the EC50 value for any OR-odorant pair. Finally, the combinatorial codes derived from both models are used to predict the odor perception of molecules. By incorporating inductive biases inspired by olfactory coding theory, a machine learning model based on these codes outperforms the current state-of-the-art in smell prediction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive and successful application of combinatorial coding to odor quality prediction. Overall, this work provides a link between the complex molecule-receptor interactions and human perception
Teetaert, Véronique. "Etude de matériaux adsorbants pour le prélèvement de composés volatils odorants : Application au prélevement d'un effluent industriel." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3025.
Full textThe objective of this work is the study of the adsoption of volatile compounds in odorous matter on adsorbent materials before their physicochemical analysis. The analysis of the odorous compounds thanks to powerful analytical tools such as Gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry, often require a concentration stage of gases to reach the thresholds of detection. A technique, easy to omplement, is adsorption on cartridges filled with adsorbents, the recovery of th sample being generally carried out by a thermal way. In this context, the choice of the adsorbent having significant capacities of adsorption and a certain selectivity with respect to the odorous molecules is not easy. The aim of the work was to test adsorbents commonly used for instance Carbosieve SIII, Carboxen 564, Carboxen 569, HayeSepQ and finally Tenax TA. The exclusively microporous adsorbent proves to be most effective for the adsorption of the model odorous molecules selected in the three odorous families (oxygenated, nitrogenated and sulphur). A study on combinations of adsorbents did not show any improvement of the adsoption of these same molecules even in the case of a complex mixtures except for the 1-propanethiol. Lastly, a study on an effluent resulting from the paper pulp industry showed the importance of the matrix. It is necessary to be freed from this matrix, mainly made up of terpenic compounds, to exploit the capacities of the adsorbents. First of all Carboxen 564 seems to show the most interesting characteristics because of its aptitude to trap as well heavy compounds then light compounds. In addition, this time, the mixtures of adsorbents such as HayeSepQ-Carbosieve SIII or HayeSepQ-Carboxen 564 seem to be interesting for trapping this complex effluent
Medjkoune, Massissilia. "Vers une approche non orientée pour l'évaluation de la qualité des odeurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS010/document.
Full textCharacterizing the quality of smells is a complex process that consists in identifying a set of descriptors best summarizing the olfactory sensation. Generally, this characterization results in a limited set of descriptors provided by sensorial analysis experts. These sensorial analysis sessions are however very costly for industrials. Indeed, such oriented approaches based on vocabulary learning limit, in a restrictive manner, the possible descriptors available for any uninitiated public, and therefore require a costly vocabulary-learning phase. If we could entrust this characterization to neophytes, the number of participants of a sensorial analysis session would be significantly enlarged while reducing costs. However, in that setting, each individual description is not related to a set of non-ambiguous descriptors anymore, but to a bag of terms expressed in natural language (NL). Two issues are then related to smell characterization implementing this approach. The first one is how to translate such NL descriptions into structured descriptors; the second one being how to summarize a set of individual characterizations into a consistent and synthetic unique characterization meaningful for professional purposes. Hence, this work focuses first on the definition and evaluation of models that can be used to summarize a set of terms into unambiguous entity identifiers selected from a given ontology. Among the several strategies explored in this contribution, we propose to compare hybrid approaches taking advantages of knowledge bases (symbolic representations) and word embeddings defined from large text corpora analysis. The results we obtain highlight the relative benefits of mixing symbolic representations with classic word embeddings for this task. We then formally define the problem of summarizing sets of concepts and we propose a model mimicking Human-like Intelligence for scoring alternative summaries with regard to a specific objective function. Interestingly, this non-oriented approach for identifying the quality of odors appears to be an actual cognitive automation of the task today performed by expert operators in sensorial analysis. It therefore opens interesting perspectives for developing scalable sensorial analyses based on large sets of evaluators when assessing, for instance, olfactory pollution around industrial sites
Gaudin, François. "Formulation et application d'un garnissage réactif dans un biofiltre utilisé en traitement d'air." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2107.
Full textProulx, François. "Goûts, odeurs et perception relatifs à la qualité de l'eau potable : une perspective spatio-temporelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26376/26376.pdf.
Full textGodinot, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude de la perception olfactive : qualité des odeurs et mélanges de composés odorants." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10224.
Full textCallegari, Pascal. "Aspects conceptuels, expérimentaux et calculatoires de la qualité olfactive." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS021.
Full textZeaiter, Diana. "Prédiction de l'insatisfaction des utilisateurs liée aux performances des applications de l'Internet." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066683.
Full textNetwork disruptions can adversely impact a user's web browsing, cause video and audio interruptions, or render web sites and services unreachable. Such problems are frustrating to Internet users, who are oblivious to the underlying problems, but completely exposed to the service degradations. This thesis develops a methodology to automatically predict user dissatisfaction with network application performance. We follow an empirical approach. We design HostView to collect network performance data annotated with user feedback at the end-hosts. Our first contribution is to present the results of a survey we did with 400 computer scientists to collect their perspectives on privacy issues and willingness to provide feedback. Guided by the survey results, we implement a first prototype of HostView to evaluate the CPU overhead of candidate techniques to collect network performance data. Then, we implement a second prototype of HostView to tune our algorithm for collecting user feedback to minimize the user annoyance. We recruit users in a large-scale release of HostView. Our user population connects from different networking environments (e. G. , work, home, or coffee shop). Thus, we investigate if the network performance depends on the networking environment. Our third contribution is to show that for most users RTTs and download data rates are significantly different across networking environments. The mix of application determines data rates but it is the environment that determines RTTs. Finally, our fourth contribution is to develop predictors of user dissatisfaction with network application performance. Our predictors consistently achieve true positive rates above 0. 9
Baglinière, François. "Impacts des souches du genre Pseudomonas protéolytiques sur la stabilité des produits laitiers transformés maîtrise et prédiction de la qualité des laits UHT : maîtrise et prédiction de la qualité des laits UHT." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARB241.
Full textThis work has been conducted to understand the destabilization of UHT milk with raw milk previously contaminated by proteolytic Pseudomonas. Infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform has been explored in order to detect the cause and predict the stability of milk before their technological transformations. First, the selection of 32 strains of the genus Pseudomonas based on their proteolytic character has shown that there is a variability of proteolysis. In a second step, the monitoring of the stability of UHT milk previously and independently inoculated by nine strains of P. Fluorescens, with different proteolytic potential, showed that this heterogeneity of proteolysis also happened in UHT milk. The addition of protease AprX in raw milk before UHT treatment also resulted in a destabilization of UHT milk before the end of 90 days of storage, confirming the role of this enzyme in the phenomenon of destabilization. For each experiment performed, the destabilization resulted in increases of non-casein nitrogen contents (NCN), indicating proteolysis of casein micelles. The results obtained by HPLC analysis coupled with mass spectrometry of NCN fractions of milk destabilized showed that AprX had a large action spectrum and was able to hydrolyze β, s1, s2 and κ casein. In a third step, FTIR spectroscopy allowed us to determine the threshold for detection of milk contaminated with bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and the discrimination threshold of milk containing proteolytic Pseudomonas from milk containing non-proteolytic Pseudomonas (5. 102 CFU / mL). However, further works have to be undertaken to use FTIR spectroscopy as a tool for predicting the stability of milk
Saverimoutou, Antoine. "Métrologie de l'internet du futur : caractérisation, quantification et prédiction de la qualité de la navigation web." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0186.
Full textWeb browsing is one of the main Internet services where a wide set of actors are involved and evolves constantly. New Internet protocols, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or web browsers’evolutions are meant to improve web pages’ loading times. In order to better understand the Quality of Experience (QoE) perceived by end-users, it is of prime importance to identify how web pages’ content is composed and delivered as well as providing are levant QoE metric. In this thesis, we have designed a new tool, Web View, meant to perform automatic Web browsing and measures several aspects of the Web browsing eco-system. We have also introduced a new web metric, the Time for Full Visual Rendering (TFVR). From more than 18 Trillion measurements performed over 2.5 years on the Top 10,000 Alexa websites, we have used statistical techniques to identify the key parameters qualifying and quantifying web browsing quality. This set of factors has been confirmed by a machine learning process, which gives as output the set of rules to predict web pages’ loading times. For websites where fluctuations in loading times happen regularly, we have used the Hierarchical Dirich let Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM) to enrich our rulesbased models in order to increase the correctness in prediction rates. The evaluation of our decision treebased model on never assessed websites shows that we can correctly predict web browsing quality. This work aims at helping network operators and service providers to increase the Quality of Service (QoS) offered to their customers
Al-Kharaz, Mohammed. "Analyse multivariée des alarmes de diagnostic en vue de la prédiction de la qualité des produits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211207_ALKHARAZ_559anw633vgnlp70s324svilo_TH.pdf.
Full textThis thesis addresses the prediction of product quality and improving the performance of diagnostic alarms in a semiconductor facility. For this purpose, we exploit the alarm history collected during production. First, we propose an approach to model and estimate the degradation risk of the final product associated with each alarm triggered according to its activation behavior on all products during production. Second, using the estimated risk values for any alarm, we propose an approach to predict the final quality of the product's lot. This approach models the link between process alarm events and the final quality of product lot through machine learning techniques. We also propose a new approach based on alarm event text processing to predict the final product quality. This approach improves performance and exploits more information available in the alarm text. Finally, we propose a framework for analyzing alarm activations through performance evaluation tools and several interactive visualization techniques that are more suitable for semiconductor manufacturing. These allow us to closely monitor alarms, evaluate performance, and improve the quality of products and event data collected in history. The effectiveness of each of the above approaches is demonstrated using a real data set obtained from a semiconductor manufacturing facility
Legrand, Jean-François. "Prédiction de trafic dans les réseaux de téléphonie mobile par des méthodes statistiques et neuronales." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066543.
Full textShi, Jie. "Influence des erreurs de transmission sur la qualité de la parole synthétique d'un vocodeur à prédiction linéaire." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30175.
Full textNauge, Michaël. "Exploitation des statistiques structurelles d'une image pour la prédiction de la saillance visuelle et de la qualité perçue." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2300/document.
Full textIn the field of computer vision, the use of interest points (IP) is very frequent for objects tracking and recognition. Several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of these techniques, combining robustness and complexity that can be compatible with the real time. This thesis proposes to explore and exploit these image statistical descriptors under a different angle. Thus, we conducted a study on the relationship between IP and human visual saliency. In this study, we developed a method for predicting saliency maps relying on the efficiency of the descriptors. We also used the descriptive power of the PI to develop new metrics for image quality. With encouraging results in terms of prediction of perceived quality and the reduced amount of used information, we were able to integrate our metric "QIP" in an image transmission framework over a MIMO wireless network. The inclusion of this metric can improve the quality of experience by ensuring the best visual quality despite the errors introduced by the wireless transmission. We have extended this study by deeply analyzing structural statistics of the image and migration attributes to provide a generic model for predicting impairments. Finally, we conducted various psychovisual experiments to validate the proposed approaches or to contribute to JPEG standard committee. This led to develop a web application dedicated to the benchmark of image quality metrics
Sutton-Charani, Nicolas. "Apprentissage à partir de données et de connaissances incertaines : application à la prédiction de la qualité du caoutchouc." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP1835/document.
Full textDuring the learning of predictive models, the quality of available data is essential for the reliability of obtained predictions. These learning data are, in practice very often imperfect or uncertain (imprecise, noised, etc). This PhD thesis is focused on this context where the theory of belief functions is used in order to adapt standard statistical tools to uncertain data.The chosen predictive model is decision trees which are basic classifiers in Artificial Intelligence initially conceived to be built from precise data. The aim of the main methodology developed in this thesis is to generalise decision trees to uncertain data (fuzzy, probabilistic, missing, etc) in input and in output. To realise this extension to uncertain data, the main tool is a likelihood adapted to belief functions,recently presented in the literature, whose behaviour is here studied. The maximisation of this likelihood provide estimators of the trees’ parameters. This maximisation is obtained via the E2M algorithm which is an extension of the EM algorithm to belief functions.The presented methodology, the E2M decision trees, is applied to a real case : the natural rubber quality prediction. The learning data, mainly cultural and climatic,contains many uncertainties which are modelled by belief functions adapted to those imperfections. After a simple descriptiv statistic study of the data, E2M decision trees are built, evaluated and compared to standard decision trees. The taken into account of the data uncertainty slightly improves the predictive accuracy but moreover, the importance of some variables, sparsely studied until now, is highlighted
Lahyani, abdennadher Imene. "Gestion de la qualité de service des systèmes publier/souscrire déployés sur un réseau mobile ad hoc." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0053/document.
Full textMobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) is a set of nodes, communicating meaning wireless channel without any centralized control. The main characteristic of MANET is the frequent mobility of its nodes leading to some dynamic changes of topology. Nodes mobility in such networks introduces possible disconnections between adjacent nodes, and more generally quality of service (QoS) degradation issues that do not fit well with QoS requirements of QoS sensitive applications. Publish/subscribe communicating system has been proposed at the middleware layer in order to communicate mobile entities in MANET. Such system is a decoupled interaction between publishers (or producers) and receivers (or consumers).Our goal in this thesis is to provide a QoS management for publish/subscribe systems when deployed on MANET while assuming a best effort flux at the routing layer. This thesis proposes an analytical model for latency aware publish/subscribe systems on mobile ad-hoc networks. The proposed approach combines both proactive and reactive statistical analysis.On the one hand, the reactive analysis, suitable for multimedia applications, detects failures by approximating latency series with Gumbel distribution. On the other hand, the proactive analysis, suitable for crisis management applications, forecasts failures occurrence relying on Auto Regression or Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Formulas. Finally, a hybrid analysis was proposed by dynamically switching from reactive to predictive forms of analysis whenever quality of service violations are noticed. In order to extract failure cause, we refer to the correlation method once failure was detected or predicted. Simulations done, using Jist/Swans simulator, under different scenariosproved the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme
Buatois, Séverine. "Facteurs de prédiction des chutes chez les personnes âgées : relation entre qualité du contrôle postural et risque de chutes." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0187_BUATOIS.pdf.
Full textA poor postural stability in older people is associated with an increased risk of falling. Posturographic and clinical tool have widely been used to assess balance control; however their value in predicting falls remains unclear. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the predictive value of posturography in the estimation of the risk of falls, including a comparison with standard clinical balance tests, in healthy non-institutionalized persons aged over 65. Postural control was evaluated by posturographic static and dynamic tests and Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and by clinical balance tests (Timed «Up & Go» test, One-Leg Balance, Sit-to-Stand-test) in 206 elderly subjects. Subsequent falls were monitored prospectively with self-questionnaire sent every four months for a period of 24 months after the balance testing. Loss of balance during the last trial of the SOT sensory conflicting condition was the best factor to predict risk of recurrent falls and intrinsic falls. Multiple drugs use and history of falls were associated with risk of falls. Clinical balance tests, static tests and dynamic tests revealed no significant differences between the groups. In a sample of non-institutionalized older persons aged over 65, posturographic evaluation by the SOT, especially in sensory conflicting condition, appears to be a more sensitive tool to identify those at high risk of recurrent falls or risk of intrinsic falls
Mesbahi, Geoffrey. "Prédiction de propriétés agroécologiques de prairies permanentes et de leurs compromis : l’exemple du massif vosgien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0086.
Full textIn France, permanent grasslands are associated with agronomic and ecological characteristics: they provide half of overall forage, shelter vegetal and animal species, and store carbon. Increasing our understanding of agroecological characteristic determinants, and the trade-offs between characteristics, could help farmers and advisors to promote high-diversity grasslands, but also a diversity of grasslands. The objectives of this thesis are 1) to predict grassland characteristics using environmental, agricultural practices and vegetation criteria, 2) to predict grassland characteristics using vegetation classifications without information about environment and agricultural practices, 3) to study and predict trade-offs between characteristics at grassland scale, 4) to query knowledge transfer between researchers, farmers and farmer advisors. For this purpose, I built a database of almost 800 permanent grasslands from previous studies. I then selected a representative sample of 59 grasslands for this database over which I conducted field and lab analyses of botanical compositions, yields, forage qualities and soil properties. I also collected information about agricultural practices, climate and topography for each of these grasslands. My results show that botanical compositions are difficult to predict, and are mainly influenced by agricultural intensification, soil and elevation gradients. Prediction of agroecological characteristics show wide variabilities: some agronomical- and ecological- characteristics are predicted well by soil, climate, landscape and botanical composition criteria. However, using only vegetation classifications could not reliably predict ecological characteristics, despite the improvement of prediction quality when combining classifications. Study of trade-offs highlighted the impossibility to combine all the agroecological characteristics for one grassland. However, I observed combinations between yield and botanical diversity, between the different indices of nutritive value, and between patrimonial species and flexibility of management. Finally, several tools can be used to transfer knowledge between scientists, farmers and advisors, but an equilibrium between tools accuracy and ease to use have to be found. This thesis work brings new insights in our understanding of large scale permanent grassland agroecological characteristics and their trade-offs, thanks to the inclusion of many predictive criteria related to environment, agricultural practices and vegetation, but also thanks to the prediction of unknown characteristics. Finally, this thesis addresses the issue of developing polyvalent tools that can be used to predict grassland agroecological characteristics
Al, Mezzawi Ali. "Démarche de prédiction du bruit d'une unité de ventilation automobile par une méthode de synthèse." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2056.
Full textInterior vehicle acoustic comfort represents an essential passenger demand on the car selling market. In addition to engine noise, the sound control of automotive ventilation units is key issue. It will become more critical in the future for hybrid and electric powertrains. Therefore sound prediction and sound quality assessment in the design phase is considered as a great advantage for automotive equipment manufacturers. In this work a model for the sound prediction of an automotive ventilation unit prototype, based on virtual acoustic prototyping and Noise synthesis Technology (NST) approach, is proposed. This model is based on the decomposition of the ventilation unit into its physical components, each characterized as a source and/or as a transfer path. The acoustic behaviour of these components was characterized in terms of acoustic power for the sources and transmission loss for the transfer paths. This characterization was performed using data provided by measurements and empiric formulas found in the acoustic literature: For the centrifugal fan, a formula proposed by the ASHRAE. For the heat exchanger measured data from the UTC's test bench. For the butterfly valve a generic formula proposed by Nelson and Morfey. For all the transmission paths, apart from the heat exchanger, the formula given by Munjal. The prediction of the product sound was then done using the multi-task software tool EQUIP+. In order to validate the model’s results, sound power measurements were performed on the modelled ventilation unit prototype, containing only the investigated components. These measurements were done under the same hypothesis applied to the prediction model. The comparison of the measured and predicted sound powers showed that for all fan speeds, the error in term of global levels is less than 3dB when the butterfly inclination angle is greater than 20° and reached 10 dB at 0°, which is a fully closed angle. To improve the aero-acoustic pattern of the butterfly valve, specific measurements were carried out on the UTC's test bench. The results enabled us to propose a new butterfly valve pattern. This pattern was applied to noise prediction model and the error for small angles was reduced
Verriele-Duncianu, Marie. "Nature et origines des composés organiques volatils et odeurs présents dans un habitacle de véhicule : impact des pièces automobiles sur la qualité de l'air intérieur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10205.
Full textThe car air quality (CAQ) inside the passenger compartment is a subject of growing interest among manufacturers concerned with ensuring a healthy car interior and a pleasant olfactory ambiance in their vehicles. The CAQ is nowadays evaluated for innocuity of the compounds emitted into the cabin towards the respiratory tract and the skin, but also for the odorous synergy of the mixture of compounds. The variety of materials and the confinement level of new cabins are the factors behind car indoor pollution. The primary aim of this work is to increase knowledge about the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and odors, but also to assess their impact on the CAQ. Numerous VOC sampling and analysis techniques and odor evaluation methods have been implemented. The impact of each car part on the CAQ was assessed, firstly, using model calculations to determine the contributions of each car part to ambient VOC levels (Chemical Mass Balance) and secondly, by multivariate analysis of sensory profiles of car parts and cabin assembly. Finally, linking chemical and sensory data and GC-Olfactometry analysis allowed for identification of chemical families involved in car cabin smells
Iordache, Vlad. "Etude de l'impact de la pollution atmosphérique sur l'exposition des enfants en milieu scolaire : recherche de moyens de prédiction et de protection." La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS095.
Full textThis research project developed by LEPTAB and AREQUA in the framework of PRIMEQUAL program targets for the relation between the indoor and local outdoor pollution. The first phase of this project consisted in the establishment of the experimental database by simultaneous recordings of the indoor and outdoor nitrogen oxides, ozone and particles matter concentrations, in eight schools in La Rochelle, France. The other recorded parameters are the indoor temperature and humidity, classroom occupation, window openings, indoor-outdoor pressure difference, wind speed and direction. The second phase presents a statistical analysis of the measured data in order to bring into view those parameters influencing the relation between the indoor and outdoor levels of pollution. The last phase provides different neuro-fuzzy models for all pollutants that can successfully be used to predict the indoor pollution level as a function of the outdoor pollution level and the building airtightness
Sandu, Adrian. "Contribution à l'étude numérique du transport turbulent de polluants particulaires en cavité : application à la prédiction de la diffusion d'éléments contaminants particulaires dans un local ventilé." La Rochelle, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LAROS044.
Full textGuichoux, Erwan. "Prédiction de la qualité des bois de chêne pour l’élevage des vins et des alcools : comparaison des approches physicochimiques, sensorielles et moléculaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14246/document.
Full textMost of aromatic compounds in wine are directly induced during maturation by the contactwith oak wood. For example, whisky-lactone, the most important aromatic compound,which gives a coconut and woody taste, is easily detected and appreciated by consumers.Quercus petraea and Q. robur, the two major European oak species used for wine maturation,have very contrasted aromatic patterns, especially for whisky-lactone. Identifying the speciesused for cooperage will facilitate the maturation process, for instance by providing winerieswith more homogenous batches of barrels. The objective of our study is to characterize theoak species directly from dry wood, using molecular markers that will be applicable in anindustrial context. Unfortunately, dry wood is a dead tissue in which DNA is highlydegraded and difficult to access. To optimize DNA recovery from dry wood, we developed aquantitative PCR protocol based on chloroplast DNA to evaluate the efficiency of DNAisolation protocols. We identified and developed molecular markers (SSRs and SNPs)adapted to dry wood that are particularly diagnostic. Using an optimized DNA isolationprotocol and these powerful markers, the species identity from wood samples dried duringtwo years could be successfully characterized. Using 262 SNPs highly differentiated betweenthe two species, we also demonstrate that genes under selection (outlier loci) haveoutstanding power to delimitate the two oak species and provide unique insights on intraandinterspecific gene flow, whereas genes lacking such a signature (putatively neutral loci)provide little or no resolution
Chabert, Isabelle. "Développement et validation d’un modèle de sources virtuelles adapté à la prédiction d’images EPID pour le contrôle qualité des traitements de RCMI." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112016/document.
Full textAdvanced techniques used in radiotherapy for cancer treatment, such as Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), require extensive verification procedures to ensure the correct dose delivery. Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPIDs) are widely used for quality assurance in radiotherapy, and also for dosimetric verifications. For this latter application, the images obtained during the treatment session can be compared to a pre-calculated reference image in order to highlight dose delivery errors. The quality control performance depends (1) on the accuracy of the pre-calculated reference image (2) on the ability of the tool used to compare images to detect errors. These two key points were studied during this PhD work. We chose to use a Monte Carlo (MC)-based method developed in the laboratory and based on the DPGLM (Dirichlet process generalized linear model) denoising technique to predict high-resolution reference images. A model of the studied linear accelerator (linac Synergy, Elekta, Crawley, UK) was first developed using the PENELOPE MC codes, and then commissioned using measurements acquired in the Hôpital Nord of Marseille. A 71 Go phase space file (PSF) stored under the flattening filter was then analyzed to build a new kind of virtual source model based on correlated histograms (200 Mo). This new and compact VSM is as much accurate as the PSF to calculate dose distributions in water if histogram sampling is based on adaptive method. The associated EPID modelling in PENELOPE suggests that hypothesis about linac primary source were too simple and should be reconsidered. The use of the VSM to predict high-resolution portal images however led to excellent results. The VSM associated to the linac and EPID MC models were used to detect errors in IMRT treatment plans. A preliminary study was conducted introducing on purpose treatment errors in portal image calculations (primary source parameters, phantom position and morphology changes). The γ-index commonly used in clinical routine appears to be less effective than the χ-index. A future in-depth study will be dedicated to determine error detection threshold according to their nature and to evaluate other comparison test robustness. The developed portal image prediction method associated to robust analysis tools will then constitute an adapted way to assure treatment quality control
Benmammar, Badr. "La gestion dynamique de la qualité de service dans les réseaux IP mobiles." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13160.
Full textMeiling, Luo. "Modélisation de la propagation radio en intérieur pour la prédiction des performances des systèmes radios." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931807.
Full textPortier, Eric. "Lien entre environnement de dépôt et diagenèse précoce : importance dans la prédiction des qualités réservoir." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS548.
Full textReservoir quality distribution in subsurface, within an aquifer, storage or a hydrocarbon bearing reservoir, is largely variable and hence, difficult to predict. This study focuses on the early diagenetic processes, which are considered as key in the next steps of the diagenesis of deeply buried reservoir. Based on the examples of sandstones deposited in glacial setting during Ordovician of a gas field in Algeria and tidal sandstones from a Permian formation in Australia, the objective is to show the role and control exerted by the depositional environment on early diagenesis, and especially the major role of sediment reworking to predict reservoir quality distribution. The studied reworking processes are responsible of clay incorporation into sand deposits, as clay coats around detrital gains or as pore linings. The nature of clay is then determinant in the diagenetic processes, as these coatings may enhance chemical compaction if illitic in nature, or reversely, may inhibit cementation and help preserving reservoir quality if they are made of ferrous chlorite. These reworkings are associated to fluid overpressure within the sediment in glacial settings, whilst they are associated to the permanent reworking of sands by tidal currents, enabling the agglomeration of clay flocs to detrital grains with biofilm elements acting as natural glue
Blazy, Vincent. "Incidences des conditions opératoires sur la qualité des composts, les émissions gazeuses et les odeurs en compostage sous aération forcée : corrélation entre odeur et composition des émissions." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S050/document.
Full textCompost sustainability requires a better control of its compost quality and its gaseous emissions. Both were influenced by composting conditions. Nevertheless, controlling gaseous emissions and their odour can’t be assumed by a single preventive approach. The identification of the compounds involved in odour is also a way to improve the efficiency of curatives solutions. This thesis has been the dual objectives to assess the influence of the principal process conditions for the forced aeration composting on compost quality, gaseous emissions and odours during composting and storage, as well as find out a correlation between the chemical composition (CC) and the odour concentration (OC) of the emissions. The waste and the bulking agent used were pig slaughterhouse sludge and wood chips. The influence of the composting process conditions was studied on stabilization, disinfection, drying and nitrogen conservation during composting in pilot reactors. An intermediate rate, a bulking agent/ waste (BA/W) ratio >1 and a particle size >10mm seemed to be the optimal conditions which satisfy composting treatment expectations. The study of the composting process influence on the gaseous compounds supposed as main potential odour contributors led to an gases exhaustive characterizations, including: ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans were quantified by chemical traps while TD-GC-MS was used for VOC. Compounds were screened as main odour contributor based on the compute of their odour unit (OU) of each compounds i.e. dividing their chemical concentration by their odour threshold, at their events of peak emission. The composting process conditions which reduced the emissions were, a low aeration rate, a high BA/W ratio and a particle size > 10mm. Composting process conditions had a limited impact on reducing emissions of odorous compounds. Further works were performed for establish a more accurate odour emission evaluation. On a first hand, olfactometric measurements were carried out in order to be correlated with their CC. On a second hand, experiments were designed to simulate storage with a view to compare their emissions and their odours with that in composting. These characterizations showed that the peaks of the odour emissions were found 50 folds higher during composting than during storage. Two types of correlations were investigated between the CC and the OC of gas samples from composting and storage. The first one assumed that, the OC of gas sample was equal to the sum of the OU of every odorous compound. The second one consisted to consider the OC was equal to the highest OU (OUMAX) of the most odorant compound in the sample. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were tested for the both correlation types, indicating that OUMAX is the expression which can provide the most accurate prediction of OC. Only three main odorous compounds were identified: trimethylamine, hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol
Idir, Mohamed Yacine. "Analyse et développement de modèles statistiques pour l'estimation et la prédiction spatiale et temporelle de la pollution atmosphérique à partir de données issues de capteurs mobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG107.
Full textUrban air pollution, a global health crisis causing millions of deaths every year, makes accurate mapping of this phenomenon not only relevant, but vital to public health.Currently, air quality is measured by fixed air quality monitoring stations. These reference stations provide a highly accurate measure of air quality, at the cost of limited spatial coverage.The idea of using new low-cost sensors developed from recent technological advances, smaller in size and incorporating a global positioning system (GPS), quickly emerged. This gives scientists additional tools to refine spatio-temporal maps of air pollution and create new datasets providing information on air quality that was previously unavailable.Generating precise air quality maps using these low-cost sensors presents several major challenges. These challenges are mainly related to the nature of the phenomenon being studied, and to the accuracy and volume of the data.Given these difficulties, it is important to know how to combine all these fuzzy data sources to obtain a clear picture of urban pollution.The aim of this thesis is to analyze and develop statistical models that exploit data acquired by low-cost mobile sensors. It contributes to the objective of providing more accurate spatial and temporal estimates and forecasts of urban air pollution, by combining mathematical models and technological advances
Zhang, Guorong. "Étude et maîtrise de la qualité d'eau de la ressource à la distribution à Macao." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120056.
Full textRakotonjanahary, Philémon. "La quantité d'informations contenues dans les rapports financiers, une étude expérimentale de ses effets sur la qualité de la prédiction de défaillance financière." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0035/NQ65343.pdf.
Full textLi, Jing. "Méthodes pour l’évaluation et la prédiction de la qualité d’expérience, la préférence et l’inconfort visuel dans les applications multimedia : focus sur la TV 3D stéréoscopique." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2043.
Full textMultimedia technology is aiming to improve people’s viewing experience, seeking for better immersiveness and naturalness. The development of HDTV, 3DTV, and Ultra HDTV are recent illustrative examples of this trend. The Quality of Experience (QoE) in multimedia encompass multiple perceptual dimensions. For instance, in 3DTV, three primary dimensions have been identified in literature: image quality, depth quality and visual comfort. In this thesis, focusing on the 3DTV, two basic questions about QoE are studied. One is “how to subjectively assess QoE taking care of its multidimensional aspect?”. The other is dedicated to one particular dimension, i. E. , “what would induce visual discomfort and how to predict it?”. In the first part, the challenges of the subjective assessment on QoE are introduced, and a possible solution called “Paired Comparison” is analyzed. To overcome drawbacks of Paired Comparison method, a new formalism based on a set of optimized paired comparison designs is proposed and evaluated by different subjective experiments. The test results verified efficiency and robustness of this new formalism. An application is the described focusing on the evaluation of the influence factor on 3D QoE. In the second part, the influence of 3D motion on visual discomfort is studied. An objective visual discomfort model is proposed. The model showed high correlation with the subjective data obtained through various experimental conditions. Finally, a physiological study on the relationship between visual discomfort and eye blinking rate is presented
Rabeux, Vincent. "Évaluation de la qualité des documents anciens numérisés." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858290.
Full textSanti, Nina. "Prédiction des besoins pour la gestion de serveurs mobiles en périphérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB050.
Full textMulti-access Edge computing is an emerging paradigm within the Internet of Things (IoT) that complements Cloud computing. This paradigm proposes the implementation of computing servers located close to users, reducing the pressure and costs of local network infrastructure. This proximity to users is giving rise to new use cases, such as the deployment of mobile servers mounted on drones or robots, offering a cheaper, more energy-efficient and flexible alternative to fixed infrastructures for one-off or exceptional events. However, this approach also raises new challenges for the deployment and allocation of resources in terms of time and space, which are often battery-dependent.In this thesis, we propose predictive tools and algorithms for making decisions about the allocation of fixed and mobile resources, in terms of both time and space, within dynamic environments. We provide rich and reproducible datasets that reflect the heterogeneity inherent in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, while exhibiting a high rate of contention and interference. To achieve this, we are using the FIT-IoT Lab, an open testbed dedicated to the IoT, and we are making all the code available in an open manner. In addition, we have developed a tool for generating IoT traces in an automated and reproducible way. We use these datasets to train machine learning algorithms based on regression techniques to evaluate their ability to predict the throughput of IoT applications. In a similar approach, we have also trained and analysed a neural network of the temporal transformer type to predict several Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. In order to take into account the mobility of resources, we are generating IoT traces integrating mobile access points embedded in TurtleBot robots. These traces, which incorporate mobility, are used to validate and test a federated learning framework based on parsimonious temporal transformers. Finally, we propose a decentralised algorithm for predicting human population density by region, based on the use of a particle filter. We test and validate this algorithm using the Webots simulator in the context of servers embedded in robots, and the ns-3 simulator for the network part
Zahid, Abderrakib. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires régissant le métabolisme des semences de céréales : rôle du réseau rédoxines-système antioxydant dans la prédiction de la qualité germinative." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0130/document.
Full textA better understanding of the physiology of seed cereal constitutes certainly a means to improve and develop new varieties capable of corresponding to the actual economic and ecological needs. Redoxins are interesting markers to apprehend the technological and germinative quality of wheat seed in particular. The screening of data banks allowed isolating isoforms of these redoxins. This study confirmed the implication of thioredoxins in the reduction of storage proteins in wheat and corn seeds. It allowed to bring to light another role of some thioredoxins h isoforms in the formation of high molecular weights polymers. The inhibition of the expression of genes by DNA interference shows that thioredoxins and glutaredoxins are involved in the protection against oxidative stress in wheat. Also, the application of a biotic stress simulated by laminarin allowed to discriminate the implication of various stress markers, and to highlight in particular that the 1-Cys-Prx can be considered as an indicator of the redox state of the grain during germination and seedling. The implementation of a simple and effective method of transformation of cereal via Agrobacterium constitutes a means to understand more on the role of these redoxins in the management of the stress, and the possible consequences on the technological quality of the seed
Thériault, Elodie. "Contribution environnementale de la qualité de la relation enseignant-élève à la réussite scolaire au primaire : une étude de différence de jumeaux monozygotes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70394.
Full textMohanna, Hachem. "Étude du mouvement des réseaux mobiles ad-hoc, estimation et prédiction de la qualité de lien par une méthode d'extrapolation historique utilisant les "Time Series"." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/513/1/MOHANNA_Hachem.pdf.
Full textLi, Jing. "Méthodes pour l'évaluation et la prédiction de la Qualité d'expérience, la préférence et l'inconfort visuel dans les applications multimédia. Focus sur la TV 3D stéréoscopique." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061107.
Full textHora, Diego Neves da. "Predicting home Wi-Fi QoE from passive measurements on commodity access points." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066599.
Full textPoor Wi-Fi quality can disrupt home users' internet experience, or the Quality of Experience (QoE). Detecting when Wi-Fi degrades QoE is valuable for residential Internet Service Providers (ISPs) as home users often hold the ISP responsible whenever QoE degrades. Yet, ISPs have little visibility within the home to assist users. This thesis designs and evaluates techniques to passively monitor Wi-Fi quality on commodity access points (APs) and predict when Wi-Fi quality degrades internet application QoE. Our first contribution is the design and evaluation of a method that estimates Wi-Fi link capacity. We extend previous models, suited for 802.11a/b/g networks, to work on 802.11n networks using passive measurements. Our second contribution is the design and evaluation of predictors of the effect of Wi-Fi quality on QoE of four popular applications: web browsing, YouTube, audio and video real time communication. Our third contribution is the design of a method to identify poor QoE events. We use K-means clustering to identify instances where the QoE predictors estimate that all studied applications perform poorly. Then, we classify poor QoE events as short, intermittent, and consistent poor QoE events. Finally, our fourth contribution is to apply our predictors to Wi-Fi metrics collected over one week from 832 APs of customers of a large residential ISP. Our results show that QoE is good on the vast majority of samples of the deployment, still we find 9% of poor QoE samples. Worse, approximately 10% of stations have more than 25% poor QoE samples. In some cases, we estimate that Wi-Fi quality causes poor QoE for many hours, though in most cases poor QoE events are short
Badr, Benmammar. "La gestion dynamique de la qualité de service dans les réseaux IP mobiles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657640.
Full textLe, Corroller Thomas. "Altérations de la structure osseuse de l'extrémité proximale du fémur : Analyse en imagerie médicale, étude biomécanique, et application à la prédiction du risque fracturaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4010.
Full textFracture of the proximal femur and hip osteoarthritis are nowadays a major public health problem in elderly persons. The current definition of osteoporosis is a low bone mass associated with microarchitecture deterioration. On the other hand, osteoarthritis corresponds to progressive articular cartilage loss, subchondral bone sclerosis, subchondral bone cysts, and marginal osteophytes. Although a higher bone mass may increase the risk of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and hip osteoarthritis present a complex metabolic and biomechanical relationship. The proximal femur architectural evaluation and characterization of age-related osseous alterations are currently one of the main challenges in bone and mineral research. Our work was based on a multidisciplinary project which aimed at evaluating the age-related structural deterioration of the proximal femur using medical imaging and biomechanical testing in this crucial anatomical region
Ben, Cheikh Ahlam. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux femtocells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066656.
Full textFemtocell network are deployed in the macrocell’s coverage to provide extended services with better performances. Femtocells have a short-range and low power transmissions.Each FAP supports a few number of connected users.Owing to these inherent features, one of the most challenging issues for the femtocellular network deployment remains the mobility management.In this thesis, we propose new handovers algorithms adapted to the characteristics of femtocells network.As a first part,we consider the direction of mobile user as a key parameter for the handover decision.To do so,we propose a new handover algorithm called OHMF. Its main purpose is the optimization of the list of FAPs candidates based on signal quality as well as the mobile direction to better choose the FAP target.After that, we propose an algorithm called OHDP based on the direction prediction using the linear regression.The idea behind this is to predict the future position of mobile based on its current and previous position. As a second part, we focus on mobility prediction problem to make an efficient handover decision.We propose a novel handoff decision algorithm called OHMP that uses HMM as a predictor to accurately estimate the next FAP that a mobile UE would visit,given its current and historical movement information.In order to adapt our solution to the characteristics of femtocells network,we propose a handover algorithm called OHMP-CAC based on HMM tool as a predictor, a proposed CAC and the availability of resources of the predicted FAP,SINR and the traffic type.In order to assess the efficiency of our proposals,all underlying algorithms are evaluated through simulations and real mobility traces
Ben, Cheikh Ahlam. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux femtocells." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066656.
Full textFemtocell network are deployed in the macrocell’s coverage to provide extended services with better performances. Femtocells have a short-range and low power transmissions.Each FAP supports a few number of connected users.Owing to these inherent features, one of the most challenging issues for the femtocellular network deployment remains the mobility management.In this thesis, we propose new handovers algorithms adapted to the characteristics of femtocells network.As a first part,we consider the direction of mobile user as a key parameter for the handover decision.To do so,we propose a new handover algorithm called OHMF. Its main purpose is the optimization of the list of FAPs candidates based on signal quality as well as the mobile direction to better choose the FAP target.After that, we propose an algorithm called OHDP based on the direction prediction using the linear regression.The idea behind this is to predict the future position of mobile based on its current and previous position. As a second part, we focus on mobility prediction problem to make an efficient handover decision.We propose a novel handoff decision algorithm called OHMP that uses HMM as a predictor to accurately estimate the next FAP that a mobile UE would visit,given its current and historical movement information.In order to adapt our solution to the characteristics of femtocells network,we propose a handover algorithm called OHMP-CAC based on HMM tool as a predictor, a proposed CAC and the availability of resources of the predicted FAP,SINR and the traffic type.In order to assess the efficiency of our proposals,all underlying algorithms are evaluated through simulations and real mobility traces
Zhu, Qun Ying. "Modèles bayésiens et application à l'estimation des caractéristiques de produits finis et au contrôle de la qualité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529487.
Full textRousseeuw, Kévin. "Modélisation de signaux temporels hautes fréquences multicapteurs à valeurs manquantes : Application à la prédiction des efflorescences phytoplanctoniques dans les rivières et les écosystèmes marins côtiers." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0374/document.
Full textBecause of the growing interest for environmental issues and to identify direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic activities on ecosystems, environmental monitoring programs have recourse more and more frequently to high resolution, autonomous and multi-sensor instrumented stations. These systems are implemented in harsh environment and there is a need to stop measurements for calibration, service purposes or just because of sensors failure. Consequently, data could be noisy, missing or out of range and required some pre-processing or filtering steps to complete and validate raw data before any further investigations. In this context, the objective of this work is to design an automatic numeric system able to manage such amount of data in order to further knowledge on water quality and more precisely with consideration about phytoplankton determinism and dynamics. Main phase is the methodological development of phytoplankton bloom forecasting models giving the opportunity to end-user to handle well-adapted protocols. We propose to use hybrid Hidden Markov Model to detect and forecast environment states (identification of the main phytoplankton bloom steps and associated hydrological conditions). The added-value of our approach is to hybrid our model with a spectral clustering algorithm. Thus all HMM parameters (states, characterisation and dynamics of these states) are built by unsupervised learning. This approach was applied on three data bases: first one from the marine instrumented station MAREL Carnot (Ifremer) (2005-2009), second one from a Ferry Box system implemented in the eastern English Channel en 2012 and third one from a freshwater fixed station in the river Deûle in 2009 (Artois Picardie Water Agency). These works fall within the scope of a collaboration between IFREMER, LISIC/ULCO and Artois Picardie Water Agency in order to develop optimised systems to study effects of anthropogenic activities on aquatic systems functioning in a regional context of massive blooms of the harmful algae, Phaeocystis globosa
Fournel, Sébastien. "Combustion à la ferme de cultures énergétiques : influence de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques sur les émissions atmosphériques, prédiction de la composition des gaz et cadre de qualité de la biomasse agricole." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6832.
Full textMarçais, Jean. "Variabilités des temps de résidence de l’eau et du débit dans les rivières et les nappes phréatiques : implications sur la qualité de l’eau : inférence, modélisation et prédiction des temps de transit de l’eau dans les bassins versants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B025/document.
Full textGroundwater travel time controls contaminant transport, weathering processes and biogeochemical cycles. Groundwater travel time is a fundamental descriptor characterizing the transit time of water inside the catchment, from precipitation events to the streams. Quantifying these transit times is pivotal to predict the impact of anthropogenic pressure and assess freshwater ecosystems resilience. However, streamwater and groundwater are a mixture of water of different ages (the transit time and the residence time distribution), which vary according to climatic forcings. This makes difficult its characterization and prediction. Here we infer residence times with geochemical tracers and data-driven models. We show how this can be constrained by silicate weathering at the catchment scale. We then develop a novel process-based framework, which can model discharge and transit time seasonal and interannual variabilities. We identify water table fluctuations, its interaction with permeable soil layers and the resulting subsurface stormflow generation as a key process for seasonal water quality variations described by dissolved silica measurements. Finally, we draw a reactivity framework to represent biogeochemical processes. Indeed, evaluating reactive solute degradation is needed to assess the efficiency of reducing fertilizer loads, to predict the long term evolution of in stream solute concentrations and the eutrophication potential of freshwater bodies. Modeling the reactivity at the catchment scale is the missing link to understand, quantify and predict the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the critical zone
Hora, Diego Neves da. "Predicting home Wi-Fi QoE from passive measurements on commodity access points." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066599/document.
Full textPoor Wi-Fi quality can disrupt home users' internet experience, or the Quality of Experience (QoE). Detecting when Wi-Fi degrades QoE is valuable for residential Internet Service Providers (ISPs) as home users often hold the ISP responsible whenever QoE degrades. Yet, ISPs have little visibility within the home to assist users. This thesis designs and evaluates techniques to passively monitor Wi-Fi quality on commodity access points (APs) and predict when Wi-Fi quality degrades internet application QoE. Our first contribution is the design and evaluation of a method that estimates Wi-Fi link capacity. We extend previous models, suited for 802.11a/b/g networks, to work on 802.11n networks using passive measurements. Our second contribution is the design and evaluation of predictors of the effect of Wi-Fi quality on QoE of four popular applications: web browsing, YouTube, audio and video real time communication. Our third contribution is the design of a method to identify poor QoE events. We use K-means clustering to identify instances where the QoE predictors estimate that all studied applications perform poorly. Then, we classify poor QoE events as short, intermittent, and consistent poor QoE events. Finally, our fourth contribution is to apply our predictors to Wi-Fi metrics collected over one week from 832 APs of customers of a large residential ISP. Our results show that QoE is good on the vast majority of samples of the deployment, still we find 9% of poor QoE samples. Worse, approximately 10% of stations have more than 25% poor QoE samples. In some cases, we estimate that Wi-Fi quality causes poor QoE for many hours, though in most cases poor QoE events are short
Alaoui, Fdili Othmane. "Optimisation multicritères de la qualité de service dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia sans fil." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0016/document.
Full textThanks to the valuable advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems coupled with their convergence to wireless communication systems, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In the WSN context, all the efforts are made in order to propose energy-efficient solutions. With the recent developments in CMOS technology, low-cost imaging sensors have been developed. As a result, a new derivative of the WSN, which is the Wireless Video Sensor Network (WVSN), has been proposed. The particularities of the video data as well as the inherent constraints of the nodes have introduced new challenges. In this thesis, we propose two cross-layer based solutions for video delivery over the WVSN. The first solution proposes a new energy efficient and adaptive video compression scheme dedicated to the WVSNs, based on the H.264/AVC video compression standard. The video stream is then handled by an enhanced version of MMSPEED protocol, that we propose and note EQBSA-MMSPEED. Performance evaluation shows that the lifetime of the network is extended by 33%, while improving the video quality of the received stream by 12%. In the second solution, we enrich our compression scheme with mathematical models to predict the energy consumption and the video distortion during the encoding and the transmission phases. The video stream is then handled by a novel energy efficient and improved reliability routing protocol, that we note ERMM. Compared to a basic approach, this solution is extending the network lifetime by 15%, while improving the quality of the received video stream by 35%
Chaouch, Mounir. "Effet de l'intensité du traitement sur la composition élémentaire et la durabilité du bois traité thermiquement : développement d'un marqueur de prédiction de la résistance aux champignons basidiomycètes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10027/document.
Full textThermal treatment has been used to improve properties of non durable European species. Chemical modification of some of the wood components provides improved dimensional stability and biological performance against decay fungi while mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture are reduced. Quality control of commercially made thermally treated wood is one of the major road blocks of its industrial development. The variability inherent within a wood species and between wood species, density and chemical compositions variation combined with the heat treatment parameters such as temperature duration and levels contribute to the production of heterogeneous heat treated wood. The development of a heat treatment process by conduction which monitors the weight changes during the process will facilitate and help in controlling, in understanding and predicting the properties of heat treated wood. Data collected from a pilot study of heat treated wood using conditions similar to commercial process show that hardwood species were more susceptible to thermal degradation as compared to softwood. It was also established that wood chemical composition is directly connected to the percent of weight loss due to thermodegradation, allowing the use of chemical composition to predict fungi durability. Carbon and oxygen contents and/or oxygen to carbon ratio of heat treated wood can be therefore used as valuable markers to develop quality control assessment of heat treated wood