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UTAMI, SE, MSi, Nunung Nurastuti. "Economic Literacy Model for Teens: Does the Book based on e-book Picture Stories as a Strategy to Avoid Impulsive Purchase Decision?" Journal of Research in Educational Sciences 9, no. 11 (March 6, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jres.v9.11.03.
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Globalization has a significant impact on the Indonesian economy as globalization opens opportunities for global products to the domestic market, with an indication of the number of malls that show a high consumptive culture among the public, the phenomenon of psycho economic impulse buying related to money and lifestyle, especially for teenagers ages 10 years to 24 years.
This study aims to prepare teens in the face of globalization that strengthens their character by teaching economic literacy through the development and implementation of economic literacy book based e-book Picture Stories for easy to understand and fun to read. In the first step of research is conducted to get a portrait of economic literacy implementation on teens and to explore what they need for materials to create prototype predesign book economic literacy based e-book Picture Stories.
The result of data analysis obtained information that teens Malang city Indonesia knows literacy less, medium to very low by 81,3%., and only 18,7% high ability. Furthermore, it found that economic literacy and self-control have a negatives significant effect on the impulsive behaviour of -0,274 and -0,669, low percentage of knowledge about micro and macroeconomic literacy based on the indicator of The Standard in Economic Survey developed by NCEE.
Based on the information, it is necessary to increase the understanding of economic literacy namely the availability of a book that is fun to read "Now's Era" teenagers. it is a reading book following the penchant teens of economic literacy book based on e-book Picture Stories that, so they will be comfortable and happy to read through notebooks, gadget, hand phone android and so on
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Cunha, Bruna Carolina Rodrigues, Kamila Rios Da Hora Rodrigues, Isabela Zaine, Elias Adriano Nogueira da Silva, Caio César Viel, and Maria Da Graça Campos Pimentel. "Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method and System for Planning, Authoring, and Deploying Mobile Health Interventions: Design and Case Reports." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): e24278. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24278.
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Background Health professionals initiating mobile health (mHealth) interventions may choose to adapt apps designed for other activities (eg, peer-to-peer communication) or to employ purpose-built apps specialized in the required intervention, or to exploit apps based on methods such as the experience sampling method (ESM). An alternative approach for professionals would be to create their own apps. While ESM-based methods offer important guidance, current systems do not expose their design at a level that promotes replicating, specializing, or extending their contributions. Thus, a twofold solution is required: a method that directs specialists in planning intervention programs themselves, and a model that guides specialists in adopting existing solutions and advises software developers on building new ones. Objective The main objectives of this study are to design the Experience Sampling and Programmed Intervention Method (ESPIM), formulated toward supporting specialists in deploying mHealth interventions, and the ESPIM model, which guides health specialists in adopting existing solutions and advises software developers on how to build new ones. Another goal is to conceive and implement a software platform allowing specialists to be users who actually plan, create, and deploy interventions (ESPIM system). Methods We conducted the design and evaluation of the ESPIM method and model alongside a software system comprising integrated web and mobile apps. A participatory design approach with stakeholders included early software prototype, predesign interviews with 12 health specialists, iterative design sustained by the software as an instance of the method’s conceptual model, support to 8 real case studies, and postdesign interviews. Results The ESPIM comprises (1) a list of requirements for mHealth experience sampling and intervention-based methods and systems, (2) a 4-dimension planning framework, (3) a 7-step-based process, and (4) an ontology-based conceptual model. The ESPIM system encompasses web and mobile apps. Eight long-term case studies, involving professionals in psychology, gerontology, computer science, speech therapy, and occupational therapy, show that the method allowed specialists to be actual users who plan, create, and deploy interventions via the associated system. Specialists’ target users were parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, older persons, graduate and undergraduate students, children (age 8-12), and caregivers of older persons. The specialists reported being able to create and conduct their own studies without modifying their original design. A qualitative evaluation of the ontology-based conceptual model showed its compliance to the functional requirements elicited. Conclusions The ESPIM method succeeds in supporting specialists in planning, authoring, and deploying mobile-based intervention programs when employed via a software system designed and implemented according to its conceptual model. The ESPIM ontology–based conceptual model exposes the design of systems involving active or passive sampling interventions. Such exposure supports the evaluation, implementation, adaptation, or extension of new or existing systems.
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Durá, Gema, M. Carmen Carrión, Félix A. Jalón, Blanca R. Manzano, Ana M. Rodríguez, and Kurt Mereiter. "Robust 2D Coordination Networks from a Two-Step Assembly Process with Predesigned Silver Cyclic Dimers and Hexamethylenetetramine." Crystal Growth & Design 15, no. 7 (June 22, 2015): 3321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00428.
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Wang, Xiaohong, and Chang Liu. "Fibrin Hydrogels for Endothelialized Liver Tissue Engineering with a Predesigned Vascular Network." Polymers 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101048.
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The design and manufacture of a branched vascular network is essential for bioartificial organ implantation, which provides nutrients and removes metabolites for multi-cellular tissues. In the present study, we present a technology to manufacture endothelialized liver tissues using a fibrin hydrogel and a rotational combined mold. Both hepatocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) encapsulated in a fibrin hydrogel were assembled into a spindle construct with a predesigned multi-branched vascular network. An external overcoat of poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) was used to increase the mechanical properties of the construct as well as to act as an impervious and isolating membrane around the construct. Cell survivability reached 100% in the construct after 6 days of in vitro culture. ADSCs in the spindle construct were engaged into endothelial cells/tissues using a cocktail growth factor engagement approach. Mechanical property comparison and permeability evaluation tests all indicated that this was a viable complex organ containing more than two heterogeneous tissue types and a functional vascular network. It is, therefore, the first time an implantable bioartificial liver, i.e., endothelialized liver tissue, along with a hierarchical vascular network, has been created.
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Terekhin, Pavel N., Jens Oltmanns, Andreas Blumenstein, Dmitry S. Ivanov, Frederick Kleinwort, Martin E. Garcia, Baerbel Rethfeld, Jürgen Ihlemann, and Peter Simon. "Key role of surface plasmon polaritons in generation of periodic surface structures following single-pulse laser irradiation of a gold step edge." Nanophotonics 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0547.
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Abstract Understanding the mechanisms and controlling the possibilities of surface nanostructuring is of crucial interest for both fundamental science and application perspectives. Here, we report a direct experimental observation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) formed near a predesigned gold step edge following single-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation. Simulation results based on a hybrid atomistic-continuum model fully support the experimental observations. We experimentally detect nanosized surface features with a periodicity of ∼300 nm and heights of a few tens of nanometers. We identify two key components of single-pulse LIPSS formation: excitation of surface plasmon polaritons and material reorganization. Our results lay a solid foundation toward simple and efficient usage of light for innovative material processing technologies.
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Minaeva, Natalia I., Evgeny R. Gak, Danila V. Zimenkov, Aleksandra Skorokhodova, Irina V. Biryukova, and Sergey V. Mashko. "Dual-In/Out strategy for genes integration into bacterial chromosome: a novel approach to step-by-step construction of plasmid-less marker-less recombinant E. coli strains with predesigned genome structure." BMC Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (2008): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6750-8-63.
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Gupta, Dr Rajesh, Dr Sameer Sathe, Dr Mukesh Pandey, and Dr Abhishek Mehta. "Evaluation of integrated teaching among undergraduate medical students: A step towards competency-based medical education." Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research 7, no. 8 (December 19, 2020): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2020.i08.11.
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Background: Didactic lectures are one of the most widely used teaching methods in Indian MedicalColleges. An integrated approach can make medical teaching more interesting and skill-oriented tothe faculty as well as students. Aim & Objective: To evaluate integrated teaching in medicaleducation assessing existing knowledge of medical students' inappropriate breastfeeding practices.Methodology: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Participants were second phasemedical students. The sharing method of integrated teaching was used involving the Department ofAnatomy, Physiology, and Pediatrics. Students were evaluated for their knowledge on the topicbefore and after the integrated teaching session through a predesigned pre-validated MCQs basedquestionnaire. Feedback of students was taken on Likert’s scale. The analysis was done using aStudent paired t-test. Results: A total of 63 students were assessed for the topic with pretest andpost-test. Student Paired t-test showed extremely statistically significant two-tailed P-value (<0.0001). 76% (n= 48) of students were strongly agreed with such integrated teaching sessions.55.5% (n=35) strongly felt its usefulness and 95% (n=60) agreed about the conduction of suchmore sessions in the future too. Conclusion: Statistically significant absolute learning gain wasobserved for integrated teaching. Integrated teaching has been appreciated and accepted byundergraduate medical students to improve their learning.
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Gupta, Dr Rajesh, Dr Sameer Sathe, Dr Mukesh Pandey, and Dr Abhishek Mehta. "Evaluation of integrated teaching among undergraduate medical students: A step towards competency-based medical education." Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research 7, no. 8 (December 19, 2020): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2020.i08.11.
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Background: Didactic lectures are one of the most widely used teaching methods in Indian MedicalColleges. An integrated approach can make medical teaching more interesting and skill-oriented tothe faculty as well as students. Aim & Objective: To evaluate integrated teaching in medicaleducation assessing existing knowledge of medical students' inappropriate breastfeeding practices.Methodology: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Participants were second phasemedical students. The sharing method of integrated teaching was used involving the Department ofAnatomy, Physiology, and Pediatrics. Students were evaluated for their knowledge on the topicbefore and after the integrated teaching session through a predesigned pre-validated MCQs basedquestionnaire. Feedback of students was taken on Likert’s scale. The analysis was done using aStudent paired t-test. Results: A total of 63 students were assessed for the topic with pretest andpost-test. Student Paired t-test showed extremely statistically significant two-tailed P-value (<0.0001). 76% (n= 48) of students were strongly agreed with such integrated teaching sessions.55.5% (n=35) strongly felt its usefulness and 95% (n=60) agreed about the conduction of suchmore sessions in the future too. Conclusion: Statistically significant absolute learning gain wasobserved for integrated teaching. Integrated teaching has been appreciated and accepted byundergraduate medical students to improve their learning.
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Shora, Tajali Nazir, Davinder Singh Jamwal, and Rajiv Kumar Gupta. "Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and co-morbid conditions among people aged 30 years and above in a rural area of Jammu." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3103.
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Background: Considering the epidemic of diabetes mellitus in recent decades, a prevalence study was carried out in rural adult population to observe the trend of the diseases. Materials and Methods: In a two step simple random sampling, Langotia subcentre was selected in Miran Sahib Zone of R S Pura block for the conduct of the study. A predesigned pretested oral questionnaire was used to screen the entire population aged 30 years & above. The suspects were confirmed as diabetic using fasting blood sugar levels (=>126) as per WHO definition. Results: The prevalence in the study was found to be 8.15%. It was more in females (10.8%) than males (5.82%). Hypertension was found to be the most commonly associated co-morbid condition. Conclusion: The study shows a rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus even in apparently normal population of rural area too.
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Pal, Jayita, and Arghya K. Pal. "Impact of health education regarding personal hygiene and dietary habits on morbidity profile of students: an intervention study in a government secondary school in a slum area of Kolkata." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2492. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172846.
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Background: Most of the morbidities among school children are preventable by ensuring healthy practices regarding personal hygiene and diet. The current study aimed to assess effectiveness of a health education programme regarding personal hygiene and diet in improving the morbidity profile of the adolescent girls in an urban slum. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in two Government secondary schools located in a slum area of Kolkata. The study consisted of three steps. First a baseline survey with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire and checklist was done to find out the socio-demographic information and existing knowledge, attitude, practice of personal hygiene and dietary habits of the students. Morbidity profile of the children was also assessed. This was followed by an intervention phase of 6 months during which weekly lecture and demonstration classes were taken in the study school. Second step was reassessment of morbidities by clinical examination at post intervention. Third step was to follow them for another 3 months to reassess their morbidities. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of morbidities in study school from the pre-test level to post-test level as compared to the control school, but the effect was not sustained at follow up as shown by increase in mean morbidity score at 9 months follow up than 6 months post-intervention level in the study school. Conclusions: Sustained behavioral change programme regarding proper practice of personal hygiene and diet could significantly decrease the prevalence of major morbidities encountered in adolescent girl students.
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Salvador Vergés, Àngels, Meltem Yildirim, Bertran Salvador, and Francesc Garcia Cuyas. "Trends in Scientific Reports on Cartilage Bioprinting: Scoping Review." JMIR Formative Research 3, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): e15017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15017.
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Background Satisfactory therapeutic strategies for cartilaginous lesion repair do not yet exist. This creates a challenge for surgeons and biomedical engineers and leads them to investigate the role of bioprinting and tissue engineering as viable treatments through orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, and otorhinolaryngology. Recent increases in related scientific literature suggest that bioprinted cartilage may develop into a viable solution. Objective The objectives of this review were to (1) synthesize the scientific advances published to date, (2) identify unresolved technical problems regarding human application, and (3) identify more effective ways for the scientific community to transfer their findings to clinicians. Methods This scoping review considered articles published between 2009 and 2019 that were identified through searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Arksey and O'Malley’s five-step framework was used to delimit and direct the initial search results, from which we established the following research questions: (1) What do authors of current research say about human application? (2) What necessary technical improvements are identified in the research? (3) On which issues do the authors agree? and (4) What future research priorities emerge in the studies? We used the Cohen kappa statistic to validate the interrater reliability. Results The 13 articles included in the review demonstrated the feasibility of cartilage bioprinting in live animal studies. Some investigators are already considering short-term human experimentation, although technical limitations still need to be resolved. Both the use and manufacturing process of stem cells need to be standardized, and a consensus is needed regarding the composition of hydrogels. Using on-site printing strategies and predesigned implants may allow techniques to adapt to multiple situations. In addition, the predictive capacity of implant behavior may lead to optimal results. Conclusions Cartilage bioprinting for surgical applications is nearing its initial use in humans. Current research suggests that surgeons will soon be able to replace damaged tissue with bioprinted material.
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Parida, Annapurna, Malini Rajinder Capoor, and Kumar Tapas Bhowmik. "Knowledge, attitude, and practices of Bio-medical Waste Management rules, 2016; Bio-medical Waste Management (amendment) rules, 2018; and Solid Waste Rules, 2016, among health-care workers in a tertiary care setup." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 11, no. 04 (October 2019): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_88_19.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Biomedical waste poses physical, chemical, radiological, and microbiological risks to the public and health-care workers (HCWs) for current and future generations. AIM: The aim was to gauge the depth of understanding amongst HCWs on biomedical waste management (BMWM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A predesigned questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, and practices on BMWM Rules, 2016 (Principle), and 2018 (Amendment), Solid Waste Rules, 2016, and health hazards in HCW was distributed to all participants. RESULTS: Only 68% of the participants knew that the most important step in waste management is waste segregation. Eighty-two percent of the HCWs working in this setup knew of the different color-coded bins used for segregation. However, awareness was lacking with respect to health hazards associated with improperly segregated and disposed off biomedical waste as only 49% answered the questions on the hazards of waste correctly. Laboratory waste handling was found to be the least understood area of the newer guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Training aspects of health-care waste management should be strengthened so that the current, existing, and future regulations are practiced diligently and uniformly. Periodic evaluation and assessment should become routine to enforce adherence to waste management.
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L., Dwarakanath, Hema K. R., and Hemashree P. "One step procedure for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus by diabetes in pregnancy study group of India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193563.
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Background: In the Indian context, screening for Diabetes is essential in all pregnant women, as the Indian women have an eleven-fold increased risk of developing glucose intolerance during pregnancy. For this, we need a simple procedure which is economical and feasible. Hence this study was undertaken as a screening as it is acceptable, economical and feasible to perform. Aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of one step procedure for screening and diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI).aim of the study was to study the occurrence of Gestational Diabetes mellitus, Tumkur, to assess the sensitivity and specificity of glucose challenge test, to assess the need for universal screening and to study the maternal and perinatal outcomes in patient with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Method: Type of study was prospective study. this study included 200 pregnant women attending the antenatal OPD in Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur. Data collection was in a predesigned proforma. Pregnant women with 24-28 weeks of gestation were given 75 grams of oral glucose load, irrespective of their meal and venous blood sample drawn after 2 hours. If blood glucose value was ≥140mg/dl, the screening was considered as DIPSI positive. These patients underwent OGTT.Results: Incidence of GDM was found to be 3.5% in the patients studied. 40% of cases did not have risk factors, hencethere is a need for universal screening. DIPSI was positive in 10 cases, of which 7 were OGTT positive. Patients were managed with diet and insulin. The maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancy was good.Conclusion: For universal screening, DIPSI performed irrespective of last meal timing with 75g glucose load is a patient friendly approach. This method recommended by WHO serves both as a one-step screening and diagnostic procedure & is easy to perform besides being economical.
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Chilgar, Ram M., and Smita P. Andurkar. "Spatially modulated erbium YAG laser as a treatment for diabetic ulcer." Journal of Wound Care 32, Sup10a (October 1, 2023): S21—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2023.32.sup10a.s21.
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Objective: Diabetic ulcers are a significant healthcare challenge, capable of diminishing quality of life, lengthening hospitalisation stay, and incurring substantial costs for patients and healthcare systems. Erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er-YAG) laser has been evolving as a prospective intervention for addressing wounds of various aetiologies. Despite this, the literature remains limited in appraising the effectiveness of laser therapy specifically in diabetic wounds. This study investigates the impact of employing a spatially modulated Er-YAG laser as a therapeutic approach for treating diabetic ulcers. Method: In a single-arm study conducted from November 2017 to April 2023, patients with hard-to-heal ulcers were treated in a two-step approach of wound debridement using Er-YAG laser for ablation and biostimulation through deep tissue resonance using RecoSMA (Multiline laser system, LINLINE MS, Latvia) laser technology. Ulcers received weekly laser treatment, together with routine care until healing occurred and were then followed up to observe any recurrence. The primary outcome measure was wound closure; the secondary outcome measures were time to closure, and the number of laser treatments required. Data related to sociodemographic details, size and number of diabetic ulcers, and number of sessions related to laser treatment were collected using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire before initiating the treatment. Results: A total of 59 patients attending the clinic during the study period with diabetic ulcers were included in the study. The mean wound surface area at baseline was 25.7cm2 (median: 12cm2). The average number of sessions of laser treatment required was 4.41, ranging from 1–11. The size of the ulcer reduced with each session of laser treatment. The diabetic ulcers healed completely at the end of the treatment, indicating the effectiveness of the Er-YAG/RecoSMA two-step approach. Conclusion: Spatially modulated erbium YAG laser is effective as a therapeutic approach for treating diabetic ulcers.
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Noorwatha, I. Kadek Dwi, Putu Ari Darmastuti, and Ni Luh Kadek Resi Kerdiati. "Rachana Vidhi: Metode Desain Interior Berbasis Budaya Lokal dan Revolusi Industri 4.0." Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni 15, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v15i2.3160.
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This research is a fundamental research that seeks to formulate an interior design method based on local culture and the industrial revolution 4.0 called 'Rachana Vidhi'. The research problem arises from the urgent need for the formulation of an ideal interior design method, which combines the development of local culture, the needs of the interior design industry and implements the spirit of the industrial revolution 4.0. The research method uses a qualitative document study approach specifically with the systematic review method, which is combined with the comparative method. The reseach results of the 'Rachana Vidhi' method have been discussed using the basic framework of the stages of the HDII professional organization as a synergy between academics and professional organizations. The method also balances knowledge and abilities between academics and practitioners with the 'research based design' paradigm. In the context of cultural development, the interior design method 'Rachana Vidhi' has been filled in at the ‘Predesain’ stage especially at step no. 15 Cultural Exploration, as part of the drafting of interior design concepts. Synergy with the industrial revolution 4.0 on the interior design method 'Rachana Vidhi' is applied to the stages of Input, Design, Conceptual Design and Design Development. Industrial revolution 4.0 application used is for insight searching, data collecting and modeling.
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Vailaya, C. G. Raghavendra, and C. R. Shubha Vailaya. "Study of number of children preferred and knowledge, attitude, practice regarding birth spacing and contraception among primigravida in urban setting." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201003.
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Background: Overpopulation is a major problem in 21st century India. 2012 census shows birth rate of 20.97/1000 people and death rate of 7.48/1000 people. Fertility rate in 2019 was 2.28 children per women. Many states implemented 2 child norms. Purpose of study is to understand the number of children preferred.Methods: A Cross sectional study was done amongst 200 primigravida women who attended antenatal clinic at SMC, Shimoga. A predesigned and pretested standard Questionnaire was used to know the number of children preferred, KAP about birth spacing, contraceptive use and unsafe abortions using objective questions.Results: Most women preferred 2 child norms across most subclasses. Most Muslims (85.7%) preferred ≥3 children. Though 100% were aware of family planning, only 46% chose to space their next pregnancy. 56.5% were in support of 2-child norm. Family pressure plays crucial role in 83.5% cases and 65.5% still opted sterilization as the first choice for contraception.Conclusions: India with high population density is staring at demographic disaster due to limited life resources. Right attitude towards birth spacing, contraceptive use, avoidance unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions is needed. Better female literacy, societal awareness and good medical facility at last mile is crucial. Male partner’s involvement in every step is vital.
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Parihar, Bharti Choudhary, and Priyanka Tiwari. "Clinical analysis of gynecological diseases in postmenopausal women in tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2018): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181039.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Menopause is a natural step in ageing process represents the period end of menstruation after last menstrual period in previous 12 months. Gynaecological disorder in older women differs from those who are younger. Disorders peculiar to ageing are pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, genital infections and malignancies. Present study is contemplated with a view to assess the magnitude of postmenopausal gynaecological morbidity. The goal of this study was to assess the age of onset of menopause and the spectrum of different gynaecological diseases, their incidence, diagnosis and treatment modality in postmenopausal females.Methods: A Prospective observational study of postmenopausal females attending Gynecology OPD or admitted in Sultania Zanana Hospital, Bhopal was carried out between July 2014 to June 2015. Total 401 postmenopausal females were included. Age of menopause and detail of all gynecological problems were recorded using predesigned proforma.Results: The study population was drawn from both rural (41.4%) and urban (58.8%) areas. Mean age of onset of menopause was 48.01 years in study population. In all, 28.4% had pelvic organ prolapse, 26.6% had genital malignancies, 25.5% had urogenital infections and 17.7% had benign disorder like senile endometritis, fibroid uterus etc.Conclusions: Menopausal health has been one of the neglected area in our country and needs timely vital attention as they are at risk of developing various genital malignancies. This emphasises the need for a screening programme for Indian women in our scenario.
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Raja, Khurram Sohail, Shakeela Naz, Faria Aslam, Noor Arshad, and Amer Hayat. "Screening of Barbers for Hepatitis B and C in Faisalabad." Journal of Aziz Fatimah Medical & Dental College 2, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55279/jafmdc.v2i1.72.
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Objective: To screen the barbers for Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Faisalabad.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed by the forensic medicine department of private medical college of Faisalabad after approval from institutional ethical committee. The camp for screening barbers was arranged in September 2019 at Sargodha road, Faisalabad. Barbers from different Hair Saloons of the city were invited 2-3 days before arranging the camp. Fifty-five barbers joined the camp for screening. All relevant information was noted on predesigned pro forma. Informed consent was taken and blood samples were drawn from each participant for qualitative detection of hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBs Ag) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) using one step rapid test devices (Accurate) that are based on a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay technique. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS 21. Percentages and frequencies for Reactive and Non- Reactive tests HBs Ag and anti-HCV were determined.
Results: During this study 55 barbers were screened for hepatitis C and hepatitis B. The age range of the screened barbers was 18-35 years. We found that 3 (5.4%) of the barbers were seropositive for hepatitis C and 1 (1.8%) barber was co- infected with hepatitis C and hepatitis B, In contrast to this none of the barbers was found to have hepatitis B only.
Conclusion: HCV infection is an occupational hazard for barbers, while HBV infection is not found in barbers despite low infectious dose.
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Kaiti, R., P. Dhungel, A. Pradhan, and M. Chaudhry. "Knowledge and Attitude on Eye Donation among Undergraduate Medical Students of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v19i1.49527.
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Background Corneal blindness accounts for a significant proportion of avoidable visual impairment in developing countries. Eye donation is voluntary and awareness in undergraduate medical students being a future practitioner in any field are expected to be linked to patients during death in hospitals.
Objective To assess the awareness of medical students on eye donation at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS).
Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduate medical students of KUSMS. Students’ responses were recorded using a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire inquiring knowledge and attitude of eye donation, sources of information, their willingness to donate eyes as well as the reasons for donating/ not donating eyes.
Result Less than half of the medical students (45.6%) were aware of eye donation only after death. Newspapers (72.2%) were the major source of information. The final year medical students were more aware (Average knowledge score = 11.56 ± 2.05) than their juniors. 80.7% of the students were willing to donate their eyes. The adjudged reasons for willingness to donate were that eye donation is a noble work and pleasure in helping a blind person while the reasons for unwillingness to donate were lack of awareness followed by family objection to eye donation.
Conclusion Future medical practitioners possessed satisfactory knowledge about eye donation. Educating this cadre of human resources to sensitize them towards the need for eye donation would be a crucial step towards reducing the global burden of corneal blindness.
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Khan, Sarah, Areiba Haider, and Raafea Tafweez. "Karyotypic Analysis of Children with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) at Children Hospital & ICH, Lahore." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 29, 2022): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166116.
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Aim: To determine the frequency of different karyotypes in children with DSD presented at The Children Hospital & ICH, Lahore Study design: Cross sectional analytical Place and Duration of Study: Department of Genetics, Children Hospital and ICH, Lahore, from Jan 2016 to June 2017. Methodology: The study was conducted on 83 adolescent children with any form of DSD after taking an informed consent. A detailed history was taken and sex of rearing was noted. Physical examination was done to know the morphological sex while karyotyping of all the cases was done for the confirmation of their genetic sex. All the findings were recorded on a predesigned proforma. The cases that have undergone any surgical correction procedure for genital ambiguity were excluded. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: Out of 83 cases, 27(32.5%) cases were reared as male at birth while 56(67.4%) were reared as female. Karyotypic analysis was done in all 83 cases. 27 cases who were reared as male, their karyotypic analysis of male sex of rearing showed a chromosomal compliment of 46XY in 25(92.5%), 46XX in 01(3.7%), 46XXY in 01(3.7%). Out of 56 cases of female sex of rearing, 45(80.3%) had 46XX karyotype 03(5.3%) had 46XY karyotype, 45X0 in 07(12.5%) and one case (1.7%) showed a XXX karyotype. Conclusion: To ensure the high-quality life for such an individual, there is an urgent need for correct sex assignment. Chromosomal analysis is important as a first step in determining an accurate genetic sex before the costly diagnostic tests and surgical procedure. Keywords: Intersex, Ambiguous genitalia, Karyotyping
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Marchant, Paul, James David Hale, and Jon Paul Sadler. "Does changing to brighter road lighting improve road safety? Multilevel longitudinal analysis of road traffic collision frequency during the relighting of a UK city." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212208.
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BackgroundA step change in the night environment is taking place, with the large-scale installation of bright, broad-spectrum road lighting such as white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). One justification for this is a reduction in road traffic collisions (RTCs). This study aimed to estimate the effect of new lighting on personal injury RTCs within a large UK city.MethodsWe analysed a 9-year time series of weekly RTC personal injury counts in 132 areas of the city using multilevel modelling. The RTC rate over a full 24-hour period was the primary outcome; darkness and daylight RTC rates were secondary. The background change in RTC rate was separated from the change associated with the number of newly installed bright lamps by including a polynomial underlying time trend for the logarithm of the mean number of collisions per week for each area. The study was based on a rigorous, predesigned and archived protocol.ResultsWithin-area coefficients for the broad lighting effect were positive; as the number of bright lamps in an area increased, so did the RTC rate. The estimate for the increase in the within-area 24-hour RTC rate is 11% (95% CI 2% to 20%). The estimate of darkness-only RTCs is 16% (95% CI 2% to 32%). If the effect of lighting on darkness RTC rate is adjusted by that for daylight, one obtains 4% (95% CI −12% to +23%).ConclusionNo evidence was found for bright lamps leading to an improvement in road safety in any of the analyses. For this city, introducing brighter road lighting may have compromised safety rather than reducing harm.
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Nepal, Deepeshwara, Sumit Agrawal, Sushan Shrestha, and Ajit Rayamajhi. "Morbidity Pattern and Hospital Outcome of Neonates Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 40, no. 2 (September 11, 2020): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v40i2.29469.
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Introduction: The first 28 days of life, neonatal period is crucial as neonates are susceptible to sepsis, birth asphyxia, hypoxic injuries and its consequences which may lead to lifelong morbidity. Knowing the causes of morbidity and mortality is an essential step to improve neonatal health. The aim of this study is to describe the pattern and causes of neonatal admission, immediate hospital outcome in the form of improved, died or left against medical advice and factors associated with its outcome.
Methods: This was a retrospective hospital based study carried out in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal over a period of six months (February 2019 to July 2019 AD). Neonatal details including age, sex, gestational age, birth weight, and maternal age and parity, mode of delivery, place of delivery, neonatal morbidities and neonatal outcomes were recorded in a predesigned performa. Results were expressed as mean, percentage and p value. P- value was calculated by using chi-square test.
Results: A total of 163 neonates were admitted during the study period, among which 106 (65%) were males. The mean birth weight was 2483.96 ± 812.63 gm. Among admitted newborns 130 (79.8%) had good outcome, babies born to young mothers (< 20 years of age) had poor outcome which is statistically significant with p value of 0.002. Neonates whose birth weight were < 1000 gram had significantly poor outcome (0.001).
Conclusion: Common causes of NICU admission were neonatal sepsis, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, prematurity and perinatal asphyxia. Babies born to young primipara mothers, extremely low birth weight, extremely premature babies and babies undergoing mechanical ventilation had poor outcome.
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Liaqat, Aisha, Sanan Arshad, Saddiqa Gul, Ulfat Sultana, Fatima Liaqat, Adnan Liaqat, and Saim Arshad. "Comparison of Social determinants and Evaluation of Disease Management of diabetic patients attending Rahman Medical Institute and Nahaki Emergency Satellite Hospital, Peshawar." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v11i1.635.
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Background: Diabetes mainly depends on social determinants of health. Addressing the social determinants, and attitude toward disease management is an important step toward the prognosis, and control of diabetes. The objective of the study was to determine the contributing role of social Determinants in diabetes development and evaluation of diabetes parameters affecting the prognosis and management among the diabetic patients of NESH and RMI. Methods: This was comparative hospital based case control study carried out from the duration of March to December 2016. A total 174 patients, 87 diabetics and 87 non diabetics were included in the study. After taking written consent, a predesigned questionnaire was filled from each patient. Data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Results: A total 174 study subjects, 87 diabetic (Cases) and non-diabetic (control) each from two different hospitals with equal distribution were included in the study. Out of 174 study subjects 59 (34%) were male and 115 (66%) were female. A significant difference was observed in weight and BMI p<0.05 of these two groups case and control. There found no significant difference among diabetics and non-diabetes in reference to their social determinants like gender p=0.1683, education p=0.4358 and income p= 0.4672, however a significant difference between these two groups were observed in marital status p=0.0001. It was found that significant difference was observed in decrease of vision (p=<0.001) and Ischemic necrosis of toes and finger (p=0.007) among diabetics patients of both hospital. Conclusion: The social determinants (age, gender, area, profession etc), carbohydrate and fat intake were not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics group. The significantly higher proportion of diabetic’s patients of rural hospital were found with decrease of vision and ischemic necrosis of toes and fingers educational intervention regarding diabetes management is needed in rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
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Farhana Rahman, Mushtaq Ahmad, Mousumi Ahmed, Nazma Afroze, and Md Zubaidur Rahman. "Study of Fetal Outcome in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia Syndrome." KYAMC Journal 14, no. 01 (July 16, 2023): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v14i01.67473.
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Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome is one of the commonest medical disorders of females. The neonatal outcome is different from the normal pregnancy due to this disorder. It includes- stillbirth, low birth weight, asphyxia, and prematurity.Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the fetal outcomes in different groups of preeclampsia and eclampsiasyndrome.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2019 to June 2021. The study comprised 138 clinically diagnosed preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome cases from the Department of Gynecology & Obstetric of BIRDEM and DMCH. Out of 138 cases, there were 42 cases of mild preeclampsia (mild PE), 62 were of severe preeclampsia (severe PE), and 33 were eclampsia. Relevant data and pregnancy outcome (neonatal birth weight, maturity, Apgar score, and stillbirth), were observed and recorded in a predesigned data collection sheet and statistical analyses were carried out. Ethical practice was ensured in every step of the study.Results: Among 138 cases, the mean birth weight was (2.12±0.57) kg, which was observed in the mild preeclamptic group, and the mean birth weight was (1.52±0.47) kg found in the eclamptic group. A low Apgar score (score˂7) was mainly observed in the severe PE (77.8%) followed by (84.8%) in eclampsia group. More than half of the cases were revealed stillbirth (54.4%) as the neonatal outcome in eclampsia group. A statistically significant difference was found among three groups regarding pregnancy outcome (neonatal birth weight, maturity, stillbirth, etc.).Conclusion: Majority of the fetal complications were related to the severity and duration of the preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome. KYAMC Journal Vol. 14, No. 01, April 2023: 39-42
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Grigoryeva, Maria S., Irina A. Kutlubulatova, Stanislav Yu Lukashenko, Anastasia A. Fronya, Dmitry S. Ivanov, Andrey P. Kanavin, Victor Yu Timoshenko, and Irina N. Zavestovskaya. "Modeling of Short-Pulse Laser Interactions with Monolithic and Porous Silicon Targets with an Atomistic–Continuum Approach." Nanomaterials 13, no. 20 (October 23, 2023): 2809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13202809.
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The acquisition of reliable knowledge about the mechanism of short laser pulse interactions with semiconductor materials is an important step for high-tech technologies towards the development of new electronic devices, the functionalization of material surfaces with predesigned optical properties, and the manufacturing of nanorobots (such as nanoparticles) for bio-medical applications. The laser-induced nanostructuring of semiconductors, however, is a complex phenomenon with several interplaying processes occurring on a wide spatial and temporal scale. In this work, we apply the atomistic–continuum approach for modeling the interaction of an fs-laser pulse with a semiconductor target, using monolithic crystalline silicon (c-Si) and porous silicon (Si). This model addresses the kinetics of non-equilibrium laser-induced phase transitions with atomic resolution via molecular dynamics, whereas the effect of the laser-generated free carriers (electron–hole pairs) is accounted for via the dynamics of their density and temperature. The combined model was applied to study the microscopic mechanism of phase transitions during the laser-induced melting and ablation of monolithic crystalline (c-Si) and porous Si targets in a vacuum. The melting thresholds for the monolithic and porous targets were found to be 0.32 J/cm2 and 0.29 J/cm2, respectively. The limited heat conduction mechanism and the absence of internal stress accumulation were found to be involved in the processes responsible for the lowering of the melting threshold in the porous target. The results of this modeling were validated by comparing the melting thresholds obtained in the simulations to the experimental values. A difference in the mechanisms of ablation of the c-Si and porous Si targets was considered. Based on the simulation results, a prediction regarding the mechanism of the laser-assisted production of Si nanoparticles with the desired properties is drawn.
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Stepien, Natalia, Daniel Senfter, Julia Furtner, Christine Haberler, Christian Dorfer, Thomas Czech, Daniela Lötsch-Gojo, et al. "Proof-of-Concept for Liquid Biopsy Disease Monitoring of MYC-Amplified Group 3 Medulloblastoma by Droplet Digital PCR." Cancers 15, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 2525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15092525.
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Background: Liquid biopsy diagnostic methods are an emerging complementary tool to imaging and pathology techniques across various cancer types. However, there is still no established method for the detection of molecular alterations and disease monitoring in MB, the most common malignant CNS tumor in the pediatric population. In the presented study, we investigated droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) as a highly sensitive method for the detection of MYC amplification in bodily fluids of group 3 MB patients. Methods: We identified a cohort of five MYC-amplified MBs by methylation array and FISH. Predesigned and wet-lab validated probes for ddPCR were used to establish the detection method and were validated in two MYC-amplified MB cell lines as well as tumor tissue of the MYC-amplified cohort. Finally, a total of 49 longitudinal CSF samples were analyzed at multiple timepoints during the course of the disease. Results: Detection of MYC amplification by ddPCR in CSF showed a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively. We observed a steep increase in amplification rate (AR) at disease progression in 3/5 cases. ddPCR was proven to be more sensitive than cytology for the detection of residual disease. In contrast to CSF, MYC amplification was not detectable by ddPCR in blood samples. Conclusions: ddPCR proves to be a sensitive and specific method for the detection of MYC amplification in the CSF of MB patients. These results warrant implementation of liquid biopsy in future prospective clinical trials to validate the potential for improved diagnosis, disease staging and monitoring.
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AlOlayan, Abdullah, Abdulaziz Almutairi, Riyaz Shaik, Mohammad Ahmad, Maathir Alhumam, Shaden Almutairi, Raghad Alghassab, Abdullah Ghazi, and Waleed Khalid. "Knowledge, attitude, and practice of physicians toward asthma inhaler techniques in Qassim, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 13, no. 4 (2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.04.22.
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Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Inflammation in airways leads to hypersensitivity and airway obstruction which is responsible for the symptoms of asthma like wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness and cough that aggravates in the morning. The prevalence ranges from 1.1 to 9.9% in adults. Systemic therapy and inhalational therapy comprising of bronchodilators and steroids are the two major treatment options. Aims & objectives: To assess physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practise toward asthma inhaler devices and inhalation techniques, and classify physician’s attitudes as either poor or adequate. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Qassim, Saudi Arabia among healthcare providers for a duration of 6 months. Practicing physicians in the three major cities in Qassim were included in the study while non-practicing physicians and those practicing in the small cities and peripheries were excluded. Data collection was done by using a predesigned self-reported online questionnaire consisting of 22 items under 3 major sections- demography, knowledge and practice of physicians. Templates were generated in MS Excel sheet and analysis of data was done using SPSS software. Chi square test was the test of significance used and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer (56, 62.2%) was the most preferred device among dry powder inhalers (18, 20%) and nebulization solution (16, 17.8%). Most of the physicians responded correctly that the first and foremost step in correct MDI inhalation was shaking the device (67, 74.4%). More than three-fifths (57, 63.3%) of physicians claimed to have taught the caregivers on each visit to use an inhaler. The increasing age of the physician was found to be associated with a better understanding, positive attitude and good practice. A significant difference was seen based on the nationality (p 0.003) and the speciality of the physician (p 0.012) in their understanding of inhaled corticosteroids. Conclusion: Older male physicians and a family physician rather than a general physician were found to have better knowledge and a positive attitude toward advising patients regarding inhalers.
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Ushmarov, D. I., S. E. Gumenyuk, A. S. Gumenyuk, T. V. Gayvoronskaya, S. Ya Karablina, А. V. Pomortsev, A. S. Sotnichenko, K. I. Melkonyan, and T. Е. Grigoriev. "Comparative evaluation of chitosan-based multifunctional wound dressings: a multistage randomised controlled experimental trial." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 28, no. 3 (June 27, 2021): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2021-28-3-78-96.
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Background. Wounds of various aetiology are among the most frequent traumatic injuries. A prospective route to improve treatment of this nosology is the development of novel or advancement of the already on-stage dressing materials.Objectives. A comparative experimental assay of novel chitosan-based wound dressings in the healing of soft tissue wounds of different genesis using ultrasound to control biodegradation of the developed dosage form.Methods. Soft tissue wounds were modelled in experimental animals, conventional and lineage male rats, 275 (± 25) g body weight, and male rabbits, 2,900 (± 150) g weight, using a proprietary methodology (Patent on invention RU No. 2703709 dated 23 August, 2018).Two wound dressing samples selected as most promising and applicable in large-volume soft tissue aseptic wounds were tested in the final step of experiment. Ultrasound imaging of the model wound area during the sample material biodegradation was used to control the wound process in more detail. At all steps of experiment, animal models were handled in compliance with GOST 33044-2014 “Principles of Good Laboratory Practice”.Histomorphological assays were carried out with common protocols. Variation statistics was used for the data analysis, including the mean (M) and standard mean error (± m) estimation. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05.Results. The animal assays and comprehensive evaluation of the obtained data revealed a high healing efficacy of chitosan-based wound coatings. The analyses of wound dressing samples have confirmed their predesigned properties: scaffold stability, capillarity, biodegradability and matrix capacities for the carried drug delivery.Additionally, ultrasound was proved effective to estimate dynamics of the coated wound healing and biopolymer biodegradation processes.Conclusion. The developed chitosan-based wound dressings exhibited efficacy in an experimental model of the soft tissues wound process.The use of ultrasound to study dynamics of the wound process and coating biodegradation provided an adequate congruence between the imaging and tissue histomorphology data, as well as the structure and properties of coating material.
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Monne, Maria, Giovanna Piras, Marzia Vezzalini, Antonella Uras, Marco Murineddu, Mohamed A. Yassin, Nader I. Al-Dewik, Giancarlo Latte, and Claudio Sorio. "Ptprg and BCR/ABL1 Expression In CML Patients At Diagnosis and Upon TKI Treatment: Preliminary Results." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5163.5163.
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Abstract Background Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease that originates in a pluripotent bone marrow stem cell. The hallmark of CML is the presence of an aberrant gene, BCR-ABL1, which encodes for a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase. Protein tyrosine phosphatases can negatively regulate ABL1 mediated signaling by dephosphorylating the kinase and/or its substrates and impaired phosphatase activity has been linked to several solid cancers and leukemias. We have previously reported the role of the receptor-type phosphatase PTPRG as tumor suppressor gene and demonstrated a significant decrease in the PTPRGexpression level in CML. Here we have investigated the expression of PTPRG gene in 32 CML patients aiming at the evaluation of the clinical relevance of the PTPRGdown regulation. Methods All 32 CML patients included in this study were diagnosed in chronic phase. Thirteen untreated patients diagnosed with philadelphia-negative myelod disorders were included in the study as control group. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee, and informed consent in accordance with declaration of Helsinki was obtained from each patient. The expression level of PTPRG gene was evaluated by a sybr green real-time RT-PCR assay in 2 samples from each patient, taken at diagnosis and following TKI treatment. The beta-Actin (ACTB) housekeeping gene was used for normalization. Results were validated using predesigned TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR assays for PTPRG (intracellular domain) and ABL1 genes. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to quantify BCR-ABL1 gene fusion transcripts according to the European Leukemia Net guidelines. Statistical analysis and comparisons were performed by Mann-Whitney's and Student paired T tests using the SPSS software. Results The mean levels of PTPRG transcript, expressed as PTPRG/ACTB ratio, were significantly lower in CML samples at diagnosis compared to the non-CML control group (0,44%, range 0-0,37 vs 6,29%, range 0,09-52; p=0.020). Recovery of PTPRG mRNA expression at variable levels, ranging from 0.17 to 30%, was detected in 29/32 follow up samples, taken at different time points of treatment (from 3 months to 10 years). Differences in PTPRG gene expression levels between CML samples at diagnosis and after treatment were statistically significant (p=0,027). No statistically significant correlation was observed between PTPRG/ACTB and BCR-ABL/ABL1 ratios nor with deepness of molecular response or SOKAL and EUTOS scores, even though 2 of the 3 patients showing higher level of PTPRGmRNA at diagnosis than in the follow up sample showed resistance to TKI treatment. Conclusions In this study we confirm a down regulation of PTPRG in a high percentage of CML patients and show that its expression is restored upon treatment with TKIs. Deregulated expression of PTPRG phosphatase underline its role as a tumor suppressor gene in CML and highlights its potential use as a new bio-marker of disease potentially usable in association with BCR/ABL1, allowing for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the development of CML, and propose possible new avenues for therapeutic treatment. Disclosures: Yassin: qatar national research fund: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.
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Masselli, Elena, Cecilia Carubbi, Giulia Pozzi, Antonio Percesepe, Rita Campanelli, Laura Villani, Giuliana Gobbi, et al. "Homozygosity for -2518 G Allele Variant of MCP-1 Predisposes to Adverse Presentation and Outcome in Primary Myelofibrosis." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122750.
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Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is the most aggressive Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. Heterogeneity in disease phenotype and outcome led to investigate the influence of germline host genetic variations on disease onset and evolution. We recently found that patients with secondary myelofibrosis are enriched in the polymorphic allele variant of the -2518 A/G SNP of the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), and that this SNP correlates with disease severity (Masselli E. et al, Leukemia 2018). Here, we examined the interactive effects of MCP-1 allele variants with the baseline phenotype in PMF, and how these variants impact the disease progression. MCP-1 -2518 SNP genotyping was performed by TaqMan Predesigned SNP Genotyping Assays on DNA extracted from peripheral blood granulocytes of 201 PMF patients and 249 matched local control subjects (CTRL). One-hundred and nineteen out of 201 PMF were males (59.2%). Median age was 52y (18-80y). N.103 patients (51.2%) were pre-fibrotic PMF. Driver mutations occurred as follows: 123 (61.2%) harbored a JAK2V617F mutation, 47 (23.4%) had CALR mutations, 20 (9.9%) were triple negative and n.8 (4%) had MPL mutations. Three patients had both JAK2V617F and CALR mutation. After a median follow-up of 84.7 months, 37 patients (18.4%) died, 38 (18%) experienced blast transformation (BT) and 23 patients (11.4%) received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Median age of CTRL was 64y (28-85y), and 132/249 (53%) were males. Consistently with our previous report, PMF displayed similar genotypic and allelic frequencies of the local control population (O.R., 1.04). The G allele distribution was also similar in JAK2V617Fpos vs. JAK2V617Fneg PMF and did not correlate with the allele burden (O.R., 1.29 and 1.51, respectively). After verifying that PMF with only 1 copy of the risk allele (A/G), had a similar risk of the reference group with 0 copies (A/A), we used a recessive genetic model to compare PMF with 2 copies of the risk variant (G/G, hereby referred as the MCP-1 high-risk group) vs. A/A+A/G PMF (the MCP-1 low-risk group). Genotype-phenotype correlations with disease parameters at the time of diagnosis were performed by χ2/Fisher exact test. We found that the MCP-1 high risk group displayed a significantly higher frequency, at the time of diagnosis, of severe anemia, massive splenomegaly, elevated LDH and higher levels of hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) (see Table). These results indicate that MCP-1 high-risk variant has a role in determining the disease phenotype and the pro-inflammatory microenvironment of PMF. Additionally, we assessed whether the MCP-1 high-risk variant could predispose the acquisition of risk factors in PMF. On the basis of the recessive genetic model, we found that the MCP-1 high-risk group was about four times as likely to progress to leukocytosis as was the reference group (HR, 4.16; 95% CI; 1.37 to 12.5; P=0.011). To weight the clinical relevance of our findings, we tested whether the MCP-1 high-risk variant might affect the disease progression. ASCT occurrence resulted significantly higher in the high-risk group as compared to the low-risk (HR = 3.22; 95% CI, 1.06 to 10; P=0.038). In the composite endpoint model that considered death for any cause, BT or ASCT, PMF carrying the high-risk genotype presented a shorter time to event as compared to the low-risk group (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.55; P=0.016). In conclusion, the MCP-1 SNP appears to identify PMF patients at higher chance to present with adverse hematological features and more likely to progress rapidly to either death, BT or ASCT. Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Xiao, Congda, and Can Yang. "Design Optimization of Four-Layer Fraction Slot Concentrated Winding Spoke-Type Interior Permanent Magnetic Machine for Range Extender." SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles 12, no. 3 (May 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/14-12-03-0020.
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<div>In this article, the design optimization of a four-layer fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine for range extender is proposed for high energy efficiency and excellent torque/back-electromotive force (EMF) performance. The design starts with the comparison of four-layer FSCW patterns in terms of efficiency distribution based on a predesign spoke-type rotor model. Magnet segments and rotor auxiliary notches (ANs) are applied and optimized to reduce eddy current losses and torque ripples in the permanent magnets (PMs). Then, an efficient two-step optimization of multiple performances for a machine is presented. The rotor parameters are designed by an analytical model with a Pareto optimizer for torque capacity and ripple. An interpolation-based design method for adaptive stator slot parameters and winding configurations is presented to quickly obtain the optimal stator slot winding designs corresponding to the rotor design to achieve optimal efficiency. The multi-bridge design is applied to rotor laminations to suppress flux leakage, making the rotor core easy to manufacture. Finally, an 18s-16p four-layer FSCW prototype was built and tested to verify the design optimization results, with a maximum efficiency of 96% and rated shaft ripple as low as 3%.</div>
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Luo, Dan, Chen‐Hui Liu, Yi‐Bo Chen, San‐Tai Wang, Wei‐Hui Fang, and Jian Zhang. "Stepwise and Controllable Synthesis of Mesoporous Heterotrimetallic Catalysts Based on Predesigned Al4Ln4 Metallocycles." Advanced Science, November 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202305833.
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AbstractThe motivation for making heterometallic compounds stemmed from their emergent synergistic properties and enhanced capabilities for applications. However, the atomically precisely controlled synthesis of heterometallic compounds remains a daunting challenge of the complications that arise when applying several metals and linkers. Herein, a stepwise and controlled method is reported for the accurate addition of second and third metals to homometallic aluminum macrocycles based on the synergistic coordination and hard‐soft acid‐base theory. These heterometallic compounds showed a good Lewis acid catalytic effect, and the addition of hetero‐metals significantly improved the catalytic effect and rate, among that the conversion rate of compound AlOC‐133 reached 99.9% within half an hour. This method combines both the independent controllability of stepwise assembly with the universality of one‐step methods. Based on the large family of clusters, the establishment of this method paves the way for the controllable and customized molecular‐level synthesis of heterometallic materials and creates materials customized for preferential application.
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Gabiccini, Marco, Alessio Artoni, and Massimo Guiggiani. "On the Identification of Machine Settings for Gear Surface Topography Corrections (DETC2011-47727)." Journal of Mechanical Design 134, no. 4 (March 19, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4006002.
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In this paper, we set out to investigate the performances of some algorithms proposed in the gear literature for identifying the machine-tool settings required to obtain predesigned gear tooth surface topographies, or needed to compensate for flank form deviations of real teeth. For ease of comparison, the problem is formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem, and the most widely employed algorithms are derived as special cases. The algorithms included in the analysis are (i) one-step methods, (ii) iterative methods, and (iii) iterative methods with step control. The performance index is devised in their ability of returning practical solutions in the presence of (i) strong model nonlinearities, (ii) ill-conditioning of the sensitivity matrix, and (iii) demanding topographic shapes. Instrumental here is an original classification of topographic modifications as either “simple” or “complex,” based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis of the sensitivity matrix. Some selected numerical examples demonstrate that iterative techniques with step control are the most convenient in terms of reliability and robustness of the obtained solutions. The generation process considered here is face-milling of hypoid gears, although the methodology is general enough to cope with any gear cutting/grinding method.
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He, Ting, Wenlong Zhen, Yongzhi Chen, Yuanyuan Guo, Zhuoer Li, Ning Huang, Zhongping Li, et al. "Integrated interfacial design of covalent organic framework photocatalysts to promote hydrogen evolution from water." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (January 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-35999-y.
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AbstractAttempts to develop photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water usually result in low efficiency. Here we report the finding of photocatalysts by integrated interfacial design of stable covalent organic frameworks. We predesigned and constructed different molecular interfaces by fabricating ordered or amorphous π skeletons, installing ligating or non-ligating walls and engineering hydrophobic or hydrophilic pores. This systematic interfacial control over electron transfer, active site immobilisation and water transport enables to identify their distinct roles in the photocatalytic process. The frameworks, combined ordered π skeletons, ligating walls and hydrophilic channels, work under 300–1000 nm with non-noble metal co-catalyst and achieve a hydrogen evolution rate over 11 mmol g–1 h–1, a quantum yield of 3.6% at 600 nm and a three-order-of-magnitude-increased turnover frequency of 18.8 h–1 compared to those obtained with hydrophobic networks. This integrated interfacial design approach is a step towards designing solar-to-chemical energy conversion systems.
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Hao, Zhuowen, Zhenhua Xu, Xuan Wang, Yi Wang, Hanke Li, Tianhong Chen, Yingkun Hu, et al. "Biophysical Stimuli as the Fourth Pillar of Bone Tissue Engineering." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (November 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.790050.
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The repair of critical bone defects remains challenging worldwide. Three canonical pillars (biomaterial scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and stem cells) of bone tissue engineering have been widely used for bone regeneration in separate or combined strategies, but the delivery of bioactive molecules has several obvious drawbacks. Biophysical stimuli have great potential to become the fourth pillar of bone tissue engineering, which can be categorized into three groups depending on their physical properties: internal structural stimuli, external mechanical stimuli, and electromagnetic stimuli. In this review, distinctive biophysical stimuli coupled with their osteoinductive windows or parameters are initially presented to induce the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, osteoinductive mechanisms of biophysical transduction (a combination of mechanotransduction and electrocoupling) are reviewed to direct the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These mechanisms include biophysical sensing, transmission, and regulation. Furthermore, distinctive application strategies of biophysical stimuli are presented for bone tissue engineering, including predesigned biomaterials, tissue-engineered bone grafts, and postoperative biophysical stimuli loading strategies. Finally, ongoing challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Braznell, Sophie, J. Robert Branston, and Anna B. Gilmore. "Corporate communication of the relative health risks of IQOS through a webchat service." Tobacco Control, March 3, 2022, tobaccocontrol—2021–056999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056999.
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BackgroundCommunication of the relative health risks of IQOS can attract potential consumers, aiding its commercial success. However, health-related claims need to be used cautiously to avoid inaccuracies and attracting non-smokers. We used the live webchat service on the IQOS website to identify information and claims on the relative risks of IQOS made directly to potential consumers in different countries.MethodsThe study was promoted through authors’ networks and conducted between 1 August and 30 November 2020. Participants collected webchat conversation responses to three queries regarding the safety of IQOS relative to cigarettes and e-cigarettes using step-by-step guidance and a predesigned form. Responses were analysed to identify health-related claims and information provided.Results70 webchat attempts were recorded across 27 countries, 54 of which (in 22 countries) were successful webchat conversations. In 48 of these, one or more claims were used to indicate IQOS is safer than cigarettes, such as IQOS is smoke free, emits less harmful substances or reduces harm. Four conversations contained statements indicating IQOS is safer than e-cigarettes. Some statements provided were contradictory. Participant age was consistently requested on accessing the website, but tobacco/nicotine use was not. Other information provided included referral to the 2020 US Food and Drug Administration Modified Risk Tobacco Product decision, IQOS or Philip Morris International web pages and claims that IQOS is not risk free nor a cessation device.ConclusionsA variety of claims and information on the relative safety of IQOS were used in webchat communications. Response variation highlights that clearer regulation is needed to appropriately control corporate communications via live webchat services.
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Al-Assadi, Ali Falih. "The Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Among Gynecological Outpatients Attendees at Central Basra Hospitals Using One-Step Chlamydia Test." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecological Surgery, April 10, 2020, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52916/jogs204003.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence rate of chlamydia infection among gynecological outpatients attendees at central Basra hospitals and assessing the predisposing factors and clinical features. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at central Basra hospitals during the period from 15 February 2018 to 10 May 2019. The distribution of cases according to the hospitals was 290 patients from Basra maternity and child hospital, 85 patients from Basra general hospital, 75 patients from AL Mawani hospital and 50 patients from AL Fayhaa hospital, this variation in the number depend on outpatient clinics attendees. participants were assessed according to a predesigned questionnaire and screening test for Chlamydia Trachomatis was done for all patients under study by using one-step chlamydia test (Chlamydia Rapid Test Device). Results: Among 500 patients 60% of them were from the age group 20-40 year, 62% were P2-4 and 89% from multipara and grand multipara, 60% were illiterate and 38% were having primary and secondary school, 61% from low socioeconomic class, nonusers of contraception were 23.7% and about 90% of patients were living at the central areas of Basra. Several factors have a statistically significant effect on the Chlamydia Trachomatis infection like being infertile p-value 0.000 or having high parity p-value 0.013 or non-barrier contraceptives users p-value 0.035. While other factors have no statistically significant effect like age p-value 0.506, socioeconomic state p-value 0.779, and level of education p-value 0.986. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of Chlamydia infection is low among the population in the central areas of Basra city compare to other countries. Being infertile or of high parity are among the significant risk factors. Barrier contraceptives significantly reduced the risk of infection and can be used to protect against the transmission of infection.
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Zhang, Hao, Lei Li, Sebastian Scheiding, Andreas Gebhardt, Stefan Risse, Ramona Eberhardt, Andreas Tünnermann, Donggang Yao, and Allen Y. Yi. "Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Functional Microstructures on Curved Substrates Using Three-Dimensional Microlens Projection." Journal of Micro and Nano-Manufacturing 1, no. 3 (August 13, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4025060.
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In this research, an innovative 3D micromachining process for functional microstructures on curved surfaces is introduced. An injection molded 3D polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microlens array was used as projection optics. A layer of positive photoresist SPR 220 was spin coated on a curved substrate. Preselected patterns were projected onto the photoresist by using a home-built exposure system. Microstructures were created on the curved substrate after development. The 3D projection micromachining method was evaluated through several experiments, and predesigned masks were prepared to fabricate microstructure array of various dimensions and distributions, demonstrating its 3D micromachining capabilities. Finally, this method was utilized to control the surface roughness of the curved substrates by generating microsquare protuberance arrays, forming a 3D functionally graded material (FGM). Further experimental results using a goniometer showed that this method can create functional microstructures for wettability control on steep curved substrates. All these results indicated that the proposed micromachining process is capable of fabricating 3D microstructures on curved surfaces and provides a cost-effective solution to challenging manufacturing problems.
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Landesberg, Michal, Yehuda Wexler, Gil Arbel, Irit Huber, and Lior Gepstein. "Abstract 15219: Optogenetic “Printing” of Reentrant Arrhythmias in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiac Tissues." Circulation 146, Suppl_1 (November 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.146.suppl_1.15219.
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Introduction: Current models used to investigate reentrant arrhythmias allow for limited control of arrhythmia parameters and morphology. Here, we developed a method for the induction of morphologically and physiologically defined arrhythmias using human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac cell sheets (hiPSC-CCSs) and optogenetic tools. Methods: One million hiPSC-cardiomyocytes expressing the optogenetic channel CoChR were used to create the hiPSC-CCSs. Rotor illumination patterns were generated either by computer-aided design or by utilizing previously recorded rotor patterns. A digital micro mirror device (DMD) and a 470nm LED were used to project five complete cycles of these rotor patterns onto the hiPSC-CCSs. Results: Optical projection of typical rotors led to repeated development of arrhythmias in all sampled tissues (n=11). The resulting arrhythmias resembled the projected rotor patterns in terms of directionality (clockwise or counterclockwise) and number of cores ,and were highly reproducible for each projection (Fig.1A). Interestingly, we identified a minimal and maximal frequency of the projected rotor that could induce arrhythmias (Fig.1B). Moreover, the frequency of the generated rotor could not be increased beyond a certain value despite further increases in the projected rotor frequency (Fig.1B). Lastly, to assess the effects of tissue EP properties, the process was repeated after treatment with the IKr blocker E-4031 (30nM). E-4031 treatment significantly reduced the minimal and maximal frequencies of the projected rotor that could still induce arrhythmia and slowed the maximal frequency of the resulting rotor (Fig.1B). Conclusions: We present a new method for the optical induction of reentrant arrhythmias allowing the generation of rotors rapidly, reproducibly, and with a predesigned morphology. This approach may allow for a paradigm shift in the way reentrant arrhythmias are studied.
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Qasem, Altayeb, and Abdulaziz Saud Almohassen. "A virtual reality-based constructability index for construction projects." Construction Innovation, May 26, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-11-2021-0210.
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Purpose This study aims to develop a constructability index (CI) that can ease the construction activities in a project based on the contractors’ experience and resources. The proposed CI is a vital decision support tool that quantifies the difficulty level for the contractor to execute certain activities with the contingency of other project elements. The virtual reality (VR) technology was used to provide additional data, communicate the contingency impact of other project elements on specific activities and provide sequential execution data to the contractors. This can minimize the risk of not being able to execute various activities on time and within the budget. Design/methodology/approach The VR-based CI was developed through two steps. Step 1 was to identify the factors affecting constructability by exploring the literature and consulting local construction experts. These factors were then organized through a hierarchy of main factors and subfactors and validated by local experts through predesigned surveys. The factors were classified into VR dependent or non-VR independent, and their relative weights were calculated using the analytical hierarchy process along with their reliability, which was determined using Cronbach’s alpha approach. Step 2 was to define the attributes for the constructability factors defined in Step 1 using the Multi Attribute Utility Theory to quantify the contractor’s compliance level of these factors by giving them the appropriate score. The utility factors for the VR-independent factors were obtained through standards, literature and local surveys, and they were quantified on a 1–10 scale. However, the VR-dependent factors were given their corresponding scores using the developed VR navigation environment generated by integrating Autodesk Revit and Navisworks software. Accordingly, the CI for each activity was evaluated, and the overall CI for the project was calculated by aggregating the CIs for all activities. Findings The developed CI quantifies the contractor’s ability to execute construction projects and addresses the lack of communication and coordination between the various construction units in the planning phase itself. Moreover, it can resolve possible hard (physical) and soft (time) construction clashes and minimize their impacts on project schedule and budget. Among the relative weights of the identified factors, prefabrication of building components was found to have the highest effect on constructability. Furthermore, applying the developed VR-CI, a real project showed that the utility values of the main factors quantified on a ten-point scale were between 6 and 9, which means routine supervisions and monitoring are required. Originality/value Though the concepts of constructability and VR have been used in different contexts, their integration to develop a comprehensive CI for the building construction industry is a unique contribution, which has not been reported previously.
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Elbanna, Said, Shatha M. Obeidat, Heba Younis, and Tamer H. Elsharnouby. "Development of Gulf Cooperation Council human resources: an evidence-based review of workforce nationalization." Employee Relations: The International Journal, May 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2022-0401.
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PurposeThis study aimed to contribute to the field of Human Resource Management (HRM) by providing a critical review of existing scholarly research and a thematic analysis of the workforce nationalization domain in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. To strengthen the literature on this topic, it seeks to identify key gaps and areas for further exploration.Design/methodology/approachA two-step systematic research methodology (qualitative and quantitative) and a thematic analysis of empirical and theoretical studies were used in this study. The quantitative review was conducted using a predesigned coding framework.FindingsThe study identified and discussed four perspectives of workforce nationalization in the GCC countries. These were (1) the conceptualization of workforce nationalization; (2) the role of institutional policies in achieving it; (3) the practices and outcomes of nationalization efforts and (4) the impact of gender and women in the nationalization process.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has several limitations, which the authors have addressed by proposing several future research avenues. For example, the reviewed studies are skewed toward certain countries (e.g. UAE and Saudi Arabia), which limits the generalizability of their findings.Practical implicationsA more comprehensive definition of nationalization, development of qualitative and quantitative measures to enhance HRM practices and outcomes, and the identification of alternative approaches to improve the employment of locals are emphasized as needs. Additionally, revised measures and mechanisms to rectify negative perceptions about entitlement and the revision of policies to integrate females in the national labor force are suggested.Originality/valueWorkforce nationalization initiatives in the GCC region offer a unique and rich research phenomenon replete with managerial, organizational, economic and political dilemmas. The investigation of this phenomenon would profoundly enlighten employers, policymakers and scholars.
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A Alshami, Hiba, Maryam Hussein, Hana Habib, Rafik Al-Mahdawi, and Salma A. Bukhatwa. "Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience at Libyan International Medical University during COVID-19 Era: PharmD Preceptors’ and Students’ Perception toward Virtual Training." Medical Research Archives 11, no. 12 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i12.4786.
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Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic continued, pharmacy experiential training shifted dramatically, including healthcare facilities-oriented training. The curriculum development committee at the Faculty of Pharmacy at Libyan International Medical University put a proposal to facilitate virtual case discussions and to create teaching materials that could be utilized for virtual clinical rotations during Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the Pharm-D preceptors’ and students’ perception toward the virtual training experience during the Covid-19 era. Method: Curriculum Development Committee members and preceptors at the Faculty of Pharmacy met regularly to develop a training strategy that covers intended training skills and competencies. Cases were collected from Benghazi hospitals with all filed investigations and management information. Cases manuals and specifications were created for each rotation; preceptor guide and reference guidelines were developed for each case; and case-based discussion session guide and evaluation forms were announced to students. Accordingly, cases were implemented in virtual training as case-based discussion session, via MOODLE. During the session, each student shares his/her knowledge and information with colleagues and preceptor by answering the guiding questions structured in the patient data care form to cover six aspects including; problem identification, desired outcome, therapeutic alternatives, optimal plan, outcome evaluation, and patient education. At the end of the session, the preceptor summarises the discussion and evaluates the students using a predesigned evaluation form noting that oral feedback is provided by all parties. Results: Motivation, performance, and outcomes gained by students during the virtual training experience reflect its success. Conclusion: The adaptability of the virtual training package by the Faculty of Pharmacy, is well established in terms of available scenario creation and simulation training. The next step is to include these virtual cases -collected from real-life situations- within MyDispense in its new version.
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Buchanan, Kate, Elizabeth Newnham, Deborah Ireson, Clare Davison, and Sara Bayes. "Does midwifery-led care demonstrate care ethics: A template analysis." Nursing Ethics, August 16, 2021, 096973302110086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09697330211008638.
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Background: Ethical care in maternity is fundamental to providing care that both prevents harm and does good, and yet, there is growing acknowledgement that disrespect and abuse routinely occur in this context, which indicates that current ethical frameworks are not adequate. Care ethics offers an alternative to the traditional biomedical ethical principles. Research aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between midwifery-led care and care ethics as an important first step in an action research project. Research design: Template analysis was chosen for this part of the action research. Template analysis is a design that tests theory against empirical data, which requires pre-set codes. Participants and context: A priori codes that represent midwifery-led care were generated by a stakeholder consultative group of nine childbearing women using nominal group technique, collected in Perth, Western Australia. The a priori codes were applied to a predesigned template with four domains of care ethics. Ethical considerations: Ethics approval was granted by the Edith Cowan University research ethics committee REMS no. 2019-00296-Buchanan. Findings: The participants generated eight a priori codes representing ethical midwifery care, such as: 1.1 Relationship with Midwife; 1.2 Woman-centred care; 2.1 Trust women’s bodies and abilities; 2.2. Protect normal physiological birth; 3.1. Information provision; 3.2. Respect autonomy; 4.1. Birth culture of fear (midwifery-led care counter-cultural) and 4.2. Recognition of rite of passage. The a priori codes were mapped to the care ethics template. The template analysis found that midwifery-led care does indeed demonstrate care ethics. Discussion: Care ethics takes into consideration what principle-based bioethics have previously overlooked: relationship, context and power. Conclusion: Midwifery-led care has been determined in this study to demonstrate care ethics, which suggest that further research is defensible with the view that it could be incorporated into the ethical codes and conduct for the midwifery profession.
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MAJID, ANDLEEB, MALIK SHAKIR HUSSAIN, BILAL AHMAD NAJAR, SHOWKAT HUSSAIN TALI, and SUMAIRA GULZAR. "CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION ADMITTED AT NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION CENTER OF MCCH-ASSOCIATED HOSPITAL OF GMC-ANANTNAG." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, January 7, 2022, 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2023.v16i1.46306.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the clinical profile and outcome of children Admitted in NRC of MCCH-associated hospital of GMC-Anantnag. Methods: Children in the age group of 1 month-5 years, admitted to NRC of our hospital between April 2019 and May 2022 with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) were enrolled for the study. As per a predesigned pro forma, a detailed history was taken from mothers or caregivers and nutritional status assessment using standard anthropometric methods was performed. Classification of malnutrition was made according to the WHO guidelines. Anthropometric measurements including weight in kg and length/height in cm, weight for height, Z score, mid-upper arm circumference, and presence of edema were used to classify the grades of malnutrition. After basic workup and starting nutrition rehabilitation, serial weight gain was recorded. Outcome of patients (home discharge, referral to higher center, and death) was recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 306 children with SAM admitted to NRC of our hospital were enrolled for the study. Majority were of 7–12 months of age (n=93; 30.4%), of female gender (n=178; 58.2%), were from nuclear families and from families with spacing between two children <2 years. SAM was more among children of illiterate and unskilled parents and of parents in the lower and upper lower socioeconomic status (288, 94%). Acute gastroenteritis (n=206; 67.32%) and acute respiratory tract infection (n=158; 51.6%) were most predominant comorbidities seen among hospitalized children. Hypoglycemia (n=183; 59.80%) and hypokalemia (n=56; 18.30%) were most common metabolic derangements. Among the admitted children 119 (38.88%) had good weight gain (10 mg/kg/day), 136 (44.44%) had moderate weight gain (5-10gm/kg/day) and 51 (16.66%) had poor weight gain (<5 g/kg/day). Out of 306 children admitted, 276 (91%) children were discharged after successful rehabilitation and 27 (9%) were transferred to higher center. No death was documented among SAM children during the study period. Conclusion: Malnutrition in under five children is high and multi-factorial. Hospital-based management of SAM is an important step in reducing the morbidity and mortality among such children.
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Bourebaba, Lynda, Magdalena Zyzak, Mateusz Sikora, Anna Serwotka-Suszczak, Malwina Mularczyk, Mohamad Al Naem, and Krzysztof Marycz. "Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) Maintains Proper Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs)’ Metabolic Functions and Negatively Regulates their Basal Adipogenic Potential." Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, July 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12015-023-10580-8.
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Abstract Background Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) deteriorated expression has been recently strongly correlated to increased level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance, which are typical manifestations of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Despite previous reports demonstrated the potential therapeutic application of SHBG for liver-related dysfunctions, whether SHBG might modulate equine adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (EqASCs) metabolic machinery remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated for the first time the impact of SHBG protein on metabolic changes in ASCs isolated from healthy horses. Methods Beforehand, SHBG protein expression has been experimentally lowered using a predesigned siRNA in EqASCs to verify its metabolic implications and potential therapeutic value. Then, apoptosis profile, oxidative stress, mitochondrial network dynamics and basal adipogenic potential have been evaluated using various molecular and analytical techniques. Results The SHBG knockdown altered the proliferative and metabolic activity of EqASCs, while dampening basal apoptosis via Bax transcript suppression. Furthermore, the cells treated with siRNA were characterized by senescent phenotype, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, as well as decreased mitochondrial potential that was shown by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and lower expression of key mitophagy factors: PINK, PARKIN and MFN. The addition of SHBG protein reversed the impaired and senescent phenotype of EMS-like cells that was proven by enhanced proliferative activity, reduced apoptosis resistance, lower ROS accumulation and greater mitochondrial dynamics, which is proposed to be related to a normalization of Bax expression. Crucially, SHBG silencing enhanced the expression of key pro-adipogenic effectors, while decreased the abundance of anti-adipogenic factors namely HIF1-α and FABP4. The addition of exogenous SHBG further depleted the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα and restored the levels of FABP4 and HIF1-α evoking a strong inhibitory potential toward ASCs adipogenesis. Conclusion Herein, we provide for the first time the evidence that SHBG protein in importantly involved in various key metabolic pathways governing EqASCs functions, and more importantly we showed that SHBG negatively affect the basal adipogenic potential of tested ASCs through a FABP4-dependant pathway, and provide thus new insights for the development of potential anti-obesity therapeutic approach in both animals and humans. Graphical Abstract