Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Predatory animals'
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Hill, Jennifer Marie. "Predator biomass and habitat characteristics affect the magnitude of consumptive and non-consumptive effects (NCEs): experiments between blue crabs, mud crabs, and oyster prey." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41172.
Full textWilson, Rory Paul. "Breeding Jackass Penguins as pelagic predators." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17653.
Full textThe foraging of breeding Jackass Penguins Spheniscus demersus was studied in and around southwestern Cape Province, Saldanha Bay (33⁰ S, 18⁰ E), South Africa. Penguins are difficult to observe at sea. Hence, I devised a number of new techniques for studying the foraging behaviour of Jackass Penguins at sea. I built electronic and autoradiographic remote-sensing devices to measure swimming speed, distance travelled and time spent at each depth by foraging Jackass Penguins. Penguin swimming speed was reduced in proportion to the cross-sectional area of the devices, and results derived from birds wearing the devices had to be interpreted accordingly. Penguins do not regurgitate their stomach contents when handled, so I constructed a wet-offloading stomach pump which extracted 100% of the stomach contents. Using this pump, I determined that the rate of digestion of fish and squid by Jackass Penguins differed. Care is needed in diet interpretations where both fish and squid are major food items.
Ddumba, Hassan. "Repulsive-attractive models for the impact of two predators on prey species varying in anti-predator response." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010995.
Full textPhilpott, Evelyn. "Examining potential effects of marine renewable energy developments on top predators." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210583.
Full textGross, Lee M. "Long-term assessment of predatory fish removal on a pond-breeding amphibian community in central Illinois /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131565136.pdf.
Full textSmith, Derek, and n/a. "Movements, population dynamics and predatory behaviour of stoats inhabiting alpine grasslands in Fiordland." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070330.160940.
Full textTarantino, William J. "Effects of Adaptive Foragers on the Diversity and Functioning of Assembled Model Communities." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Tanantino08.pdf.
Full textMeyer, David L. "Comparison of nekton utilization of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) marsh based on marsh size and degree of isolation from like habitat : do size and site location matter? /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/meyerd/davidmeyer.pdf.
Full textStarling, Amanda. "Behavioural plasticity of life history traits in the New Zealand avifauna." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1327.
Full textLeaver, Jessica. "Options for eland: a multi-scale assessment of antipredatory responses of a vulnerable prey species to their dominant predator in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6570.
Full textKlein, Rebecca Ann. "An assessment of human carnivore conflict in the Kalahari region of Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013132.
Full textGaines, Eleanor Prindiville. "Snowy Plover Demography in Oregon." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5004.
Full textFreire, Mirella Renata de Lira. "Determinação do padrão de interação entre predador (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri) e presa (Cochonilha do Carmim) usando equações de de Lotka-Volterra." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=826.
Full textThe use of mathematical and computational tools have been found within studies of the dynamics of predator-prey due to the complexities of the population evolution that suffer external influences of their interaction with the environment. Within this context, this work aims at investigating the Lotka-Volterra model and apply them to capture and describe the dynamics of the interaction between the Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (predator) and its prey, the cochineal-carmine (Dactylopius opuntiae) in order to identify scenarios that aim at reducing the amount of ladybug. This a pest that has infested a large area in the semiarid region of the Northeast Brazil where the cactus pear has been used as a base of supply for ruminants. As a result, environmental damages as well as social and economic losses have occurred. This pest infestation has caused farmers migration to other areas. Given the above, there is a need to provide support for a sustainable cultivation of cactus pear. For the purpose of pest control, agencies such as Embrapa and IPA have recommended biological control of ladybug by introducing natural enemies such as C. montrouzieri that has been effective at reducing the pest. In that sense, within this work simulations of population evolution for D. opuntiae and C. montrouzieri have been made by using the Lotka-Volterra equations as well as its variants. Results of this research has made possible to suggest the amount of predators that might be inserted into the natural environment aiming at reducing and control pest infestation in a case study of the semiarid region of the Northeast Brazil. The use of the model not only allows suggesting the population of predators for species within a trophic interaction, but also allows the monitoring of compliance of the evolution of the species under study
Makin, Douglas Ferguson. "How does the ungulate community respond to predation risk from cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in Samara Private Game Reserve?" Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018461.
Full textNobel, Laura Briana. "The Nature of People's Perceptions of Wolves." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2683.
Full textSmith, Emma Ruth. "An assessment of caracal population density and human-predator conflict in the Winterberg, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005326.
Full textRussell, Benjamin Gallard School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "The role of odour in Australian mammalian predator/prey interactions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25144.
Full textJarnemo, Anders. "Neonatal mortality in roe deer /." Uppsala : Dept. of Conservation Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s321.pdf.
Full textMurison, Megan Kate. "The roles of black-backed jackals and caracals in issues of human-wildlife conflict in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018667.
Full textAlvarez, Ariane Dias. "Predação de ninhos artificiais: aplicações, desafios e perspectivas para as áreas tropicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-28082007-094458/.
Full textThe natural predation of the nests has been suggested as the principal cause to the decline of bird population, acting on the performance and community structure. Due to the difficulty of natural nest localization and monitoring, the artificial nests are used as a fast alternative to check the avian reproductive success. The artificial nest studies are widely known in temperate environments where most of the nest predation information has been gotten. In the tropics, the artificial nest studies have still been scarce and in the Brazil, there are few studies about this subject. This work has as a goal to give information about the use and the limitation of artificial nest predation. It also checks some nest predation patterns in tropical environments. The first chapter had been developed in Anchieta Island which has a higher density of mammal and lizard nest predators. Some methodological aspects were investigated related to the artificial nest localization and the selective behavior of the predators by different kinds of eggs used in the predation experiments. The mammals had been the main predators of nests and the plasticine eggs had been good egg substitute of the natural wild eggs. The second chapter, the variation in the predation, of two kinds of artificial nests (on the ground and shrub) in the different islands, fragments and continue areas, had been studied. The islands showed a higher level of nest predation, mainly in those which have exotic species, than the fragments and continue areas. Related to the kind of nest (shrub and ground), it was checked that the ground nests were more vulnerable to depredation in the islands and in the continues areas. The islands and the fragments, besides being geographically isolated, didn?t show the similar pattern in the ground nest predation. It is suggested that different factors can interfere in the predation patterns of the islands and the fragments, as the historical and permeability of the matrix where the fragment is located. The use of artificial nest, besides its limitation; it is a useful tool to understand wildlife avifauna nest predation patterns and can help checking the situation of conservation in different environments.
Speed, Michael Patrick. "Mimicry and the psychology of predation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278364.
Full textTaylor, Ryland. "Using geomorphology and animal “individuality” to understand ‘scape-scale predator distributions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38227.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Martha E. Mather
Determining patterns and drivers of organismal distribution and abundance are fundamental and enduring challenges in ecology, especially for mobile organisms at a ‘scape scale. To address the problem presented by individuals whose distributions are dynamic across large geographic areas, here I tracked 59 acoustically-tagged migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) with an array of 26 stationary receivers in Plum Island Estuary (PIE), MA. Specifically, I asked (1) how these predators were distributed across the estuarine seascape, (2) if these fish used three types of geomorphic sites (exits, confluences, and non-confluences) differently, (3) if distinct types of individual distributional “types” existed, and (4) if fish within distinct distributional groups used geomorphic site types and regions differently. Based on three components of predator trajectories (site specific numbers of individuals, residence time, and number of movements), striped bass were not distributed evenly throughout PIE. Confluences attracted tagged striped bass although not all confluences or all parts of confluences were used equally. Use of non-confluences sites was more variable than exits or confluences. Thus, geomorphic drivers and regions link mobile organisms to physical conditions across the seascape. Based on spatial and spatial-temporal cluster analyses, these striped bass predators clustered into four seasonally-resident distributional types. These included the (1) Rowley River group (fish that primarily resided in the Rowley River), (2) Plum Island Sound group (fish that primarily resided in the Middle Sound region), (3) Extreme Fidelity group (fish that spent most of their time in PIE at a single receiver location), and (4) the Exploratory group (fish that showed no affiliation with any particular location). These distributional groups used geomorphic site types and regions differently. Thus, my data show a rare link between behavioral (i.e., individual animal personalities) and field ecology (seascape geomorphology) that can advance the understanding of field-based patterns and drivers of organismal distribution.
Paltridge, Rachel M. "Predator-prey interactions in the spinifex grasslands of central Australia." School of Biological Sciences - Faculty of Science, 2005. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/255.
Full textNeal, Orin J. "Responses to the audio broadcasts of predator vocalizations by eight sympatric primates in Suriname, South America." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1245291915.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Advisor: Marilyn Norconk. Keywords: predation; anti-predator strategies; alarm calls. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-120).
Cordes, Line Søltoft. "Demography and breeding phenology of a marine top predator." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=183669.
Full textGray, Christopher Anthony. "The role of a symbiotic bryozoan in the chemical ecology of a marine benthic predator-prey interaction." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005444.
Full textDohet, Loïc. "Coevolution in the specific predator-prey system Rhizophagus grandis-Dendroctonus micans: with emphasis on the predator’s oviposition kairomones and prey symbioses." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/232990.
Full textRhizophagus grandis est un des rares exemples de prédateurs totalement spécifiques :présent en Europe et en Asie, il se nourrit exclusivement du scolyte Dendroctonus micans. Dans de telles associations, la coévolution prédateur-proie mène à la sélection de mécanismes d’évitement ou de résistance chez la proie, contre le prédateur. De précédentes observations en laboratoire ont suggéré que R. grandis pouvait pondre davantage d’œufs en présence de proies exotiques d’écologie comparable à celle de D. micans, mais qui n’auraient pu développer de résistance à l’encontre de ce prédateur, à l’instar des scolytes parasitiques nord-américains D. punctatus et D. valens. Il semble que la spécificité de l’association R. grandis-D. micans repose sur des signaux chimiques (kairomones) qui permettent au prédateur de repérer les galeries de sa proie et d’y ajuster le nombre d’œufs déposé à la quantité de larves de proies disponible. Néanmoins, on ignore encore la nature exacte des signaux régulant l’oviposition de R. grandis. Le fait que l’oviposition soit stimulée par des proies exotiques indique que la spécificité de cette association pourrait être limitée par des barrières géographiques. Contrairement à la plupart des scolytes qui tue des arbres ou s’attaque à des arbres mourants, D. micans se développe intégralement sur des arbres en bonne santé, en véritable parasite. Cette niche est fortement défendue par les composés toxiques de l’arbre (en particulier les terpènes), auxquels à la fois D. micans et R. grandis sont résistants. Certains insectes possèdent leurs propres processus de détoxification, mais ils peuvent également bénéficier de l’aide de microorganismes symbiotiques (bactéries et champignons). En comparaison avec les autres scolytes, les communautés microbiennes associées aux scolytes parasitiques est très peu documentée, comme dans le cas de D. micans et D. punctatus. En dehors de la détoxification, les symbiotes d’insectes peuvent contribuer à leur nutrition, les protéger contre des pathogènes, ou intervenir dans la communication chimique, ce qui affecte leurs hôtes comme les autres acteurs de la relation tritrophique arbre-scolyte-ennemi naturel. L’association R. grandis-D. micans est une opportunité unique d’étudier des aspects méconnus de la coévolution. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de :- (1) comparer le nombre d’œufs pondu par R. grandis sur sa proie spécifique, D. micans, et sur les proies exotiques D. punctatus et D. valens, afin de mettre en évidence de possibles résistances ;- (2) identifier les signaux chimiques qui régulent l’oviposition de R. grandis, et évaluer leur rôle dans la spécificité de l’association avec D. micans, en présence des proies exotiques D. punctatus et D. valens ;- (3) caractériser les communautés bactérienne et fongique associées aux populations parasitiques des scolytes D. micans, D. punctatus et D. valens, et investiguer comment ces microorganismes symbiotiques peuvent influencer leurs hôtes, selon leurs contraintes écologiques, ainsi que leurs ennemis naturels et arbres-hôtes. Nos résultats révèlent une oviposition équivalente de R. grandis en présence de la proie native D. micans et des proies exotiques D. punctatus et D. valens, ce qui illustre que la spécificité de cette association pourrait être limitée par des barrières géographiques mais ne met pas en évidence de possibles résistances à l’encontre du prédateur de longue date. Nous avons identifié des candidats robustes à la stimulation et à l’inhibition de la ponte de R. grandis, et leur rôle devrait être confirmé par des bioessais. Enfin, nous rapportons que la communauté microbienne associée aux populations parasitiques des scolytes D. micans, D. punctatus et D. valens est principalement constituée d’Entérobactéries et de levures répandues, et nous discutons des différentes façons dont ces symbiotes peuvent affecter leurs hôtes et autres acteurs de la relation tritrophique arbre-scolyte-ennemi naturel, selon leurs écologies respectives. Dans son ensemble, cette thèse souligne l’importance de considérer tous les niveaux de complexité biologique, des microorganismes associés aux proies jusqu’aux prédateurs, afin d’étudier des systèmes comme R. grandis-D. micans.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guilford, T. "Aposematism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382678.
Full textConnolly, Lauren E. "Effect of predator diet on foraging behavior of panopeus herbstII in response to predator urine cues." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53392.
Full textClements, Hayley Susan. "Incorporating prey demographics and predator social structure into prey selection and carrying capacity estimates for cheetah." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018606.
Full textNordström, Jonas. "Temporal and spatial variation in predation on roe deer fawns /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2010. http://epsilon.slu.se/201006.pdf.
Full textMcLaughlin, Robert L. (Robert Louis). "Quantitative studies of the variation in movement patterns used by predators." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74662.
Full textHart, Julie A. "Foraging in patches : the effect of encountering a predator in a formerly risk-free environment /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841146.
Full textTorok, Alexandra. "Halting attack : startle displays and flash coloration as anti-predator defences." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709452.
Full textPagani, Jerome H. "The medial hypothalamic defensive circuit and predator odor-induced fear a comparison of electrolytic and neurotoxic lesions /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 127 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397903941&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textPlaisted, K. C. "Stimulus detection and representation : implications for search image." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360607.
Full textPhillips, Molly A. "Snake harassment in the Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris): variation in anti-predator behaviours, predator discrimination and venom resistance in a facultative cooperative breeder." Toxicon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9223.
Full textDigweed, Shannon Marie, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The functions and mechanisms of predator-associated vocalisations in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus)." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2474.
Full textxi, 153 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
Fernandes, Fausto Assumpção. "Memória predatória da aranha Argiope argentata: localização e tamanho da presa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-11052009-144032/.
Full textOrbweb spiders perform searching movements when a prey attached to the hub or hoarded at the periphery of the web is suppressed. We here examined the question of a possible memory representation of the attachment site and of prey size in three experiments with Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775). In Experiment 1, we looked for differences between search sequences performed when a domestic fly was suppressed, when attached to the hub or hoarded at the periphery of the web. The procedure of Experiment 1 was replicated in Experiment 2, but prey was then part of a larva of tenebrium, heavier than a fly. In Experiment 3, we tested the hypothesis that a spider would spend more time searching for a prey when the hoarding site of this prey is changed relatively to initial experience. Results show that A. argentata perform different searching sequences according to the site of attachment of a prey (hub vs. periphery) and tends to spend more time searching for heavier prey (Experiments 1 and 2). There was however no discrimination of upper or lower parts of the web as to searching behavior (Experiment 3). The present results contribute to the formulation of memory models in spiders.
Fardell, Loren. "Fear and stressing in the urban environment: landscape of fear effects on small prey animals from predators and human activity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27981.
Full textBeattie, Molly C. "Diet and familiarity influence on predator recognition by chemical cues in crayfish." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1521577265172544.
Full textBertsch, David J. "The effects of satiety-state neuromodulation on predatory hunting behaviors and CNS sensorimotor processing in the praying mantis, Tenodera sinensis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1623260572699621.
Full textRuzicka, Richard Robert. "Sponge community structure and anti-predator defenses on temperate reefs of the South Atlantic Bight." Click here to access thesis, 2005. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2005/richard%5Fr%5Fruzicka/ruzicka%5Frichard%5Fr%5F200508%5Fms.pdf.
Full text"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-82) and appendices.
Klein, Marianne Orlandini. "Papel dos receptores opióides m e k da substância cinzenta periaquedutal (PAG) na seleção comportamental durante a lactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-26072012-175737/.
Full textAfter giving birth, a mother must both provide subsistence and care for her young. Periaqueductal gray (PAG) is an important area for behavioral selection and a site of opioid action. The functional role of PAG opioid receptors in the expression of maternal and predatory behaviors is not clear. Rats with unilateral guide cannulae implanted in the PAG were separated into two experiments: Experiment 1 where the animals received injectios of m receptor agonist, or k receptor agonist, or morphine sulfate, or vehicle; Experiment 2, where they received m receptor antagonist followed by morphine sulfate, or k receptor antagonist before morphine sulfate, or morphine sulfate, or vehicle. The animals were then tested for maternal behavior vs. predatory hunting. The results suggest that endogenous opioid tone is important for the expression of predatory behavior. The results further raise the possibility that morphine acts at more than one type of opioid receptor simultaneously to inhibit maternal behavior in this context.
Östergård, Hannah. "Plant-seed predator interactions – ecological and evolutionary aspects." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Botany, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7537.
Full textPlant-animal interactions are affected by both abundance and distribution of interacting species and the community context in which they occur. However, the relative importance of these factors is poorly known. I examined the effects of predator host range, environmental factors, host plant populations, plant traits and fruit abortion on the intensity of pre-dispersal seed predation in 46 host populations of the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus. I recorded damage by beetle pre-dispersal seed predators, mainly Apion opeticum and Bruchus atomarius with different host ranges on L. vernus as well as on two additional host plants. Local seed predator population size was mainly influenced by plant population size, current seed production and beetle population size in the previous year, but was not strongly affected by connectivity. The monophagous seed predator was less abundant and had lower densities than the oligophagous. Both predator species had a strong ability to track fluctuations in seed production; intensity of predation increased with relative increases in seed production. Oligophagous predation on L. vernus increased with the abundance of alternative hosts, but presence of L. vernus did not affect predation on alternative hosts. Abundances and trait preferences differed among three co-occurring seed predators, but were also associated with the abundance of the other species. Overall, seed predation influenced selection on flower number. I found clear indications of seed predator offence but no obvious plant defence. The pattern of fruit abortion was associated with reduced plant fitness since the seed predator had an advanced ability to locate fruits with high probability of retention. Taken together, different factors influencing abundance of the seed predator species, different preferences, and context dependent trait selection are likely to result in complex spatio-temporal variation in overall seed losses and trait selection in the common host plant.
Penna-Gonçalves, Vanessa. "Evolução da memória em aranhas do grupo Orbiculariae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-19072011-104531/.
Full textMemory is one of the most fascinating products of biological evolution, because it endows animals with the adaptive use a prior experiences to solve survival problems. Animals use mnemonic processes during foraging, selection of sexual partners, habitat selection, and feeding preference. Spiders are an interesting model for studies of memory, and there is evidence of their using of past experiences in optimizing foraging: the web allows the spiders to capture and store more than one food item. In literature, there are few comparative studies, and no one about the evolution of memory, making it difficult to identify the possible selective pressures on memory. The first objective here was to make a comparative study on the aspects of predatory memory in spiders of the group Orbiculariae. This group is monophyletic and its main synapomorphy is building an orbicular web. However, during evolution, the web pattern changed from a flat to a three-dimensional structure. Such changes may have caused differences in behavior and memory. For that reason, another goal was to trace the evolution of memory within the group. We used three experimental groups with seven species each. In natural conditions, there was an observation of the capture of two successive preys. In the experimental condition I, a first prey (p1) was offered to the spider and, subsequently, another prey (p2) was offered; during the locomotion of the spider towards p2, p1 was removed from the web. In condition II, instead of offering p2, the spider was attracted to the periphery (simulating the fall of p2). As the spider moved towards the source of vibration, p1 was removed. The evidence of memory is observed when, in the suppression of the prey, the spider performs a behavior called search behavior: the spider runs plucking on threads in the web hub/retreat. The search for stolen p1 was observed in all species studied, except for Zosis geniculata in group I. The presence of p2 appears to interfere with the expression of p1 memory, and also leaving p2 on the web while searching for p1, increases the chances of having p2 stolen by the action of kleptoparasites. Zosis presents some peculiarities, including the absence of poison glands, leading to a prolonged immobilization of p2, in a time lag that could then be sufficient forget p1. All species sought by p1 when there was no offer of p2, including Zosis. The search time, in condition I, decreases from the base of Araneoidea until the most derived families. In group II, there is an apparent reversal of the phylogenetic signal and the search time increases in the most derived family. The three-dimensional structure of the derived webs seems to be more complex and, therefore, it would require a spatial navigation system also more complex if compared to the flat orbweb. The construction of the web seems to have been crucial for prey capture and storage of surpluses, and such behavior, along with the diversification of the webs, favored the variation and evolution of memory in the Order Araneae
Ontkos, Alex T. "Habitat Use of Three Abundant Predatory Fish Species in the Freshwater Marshes of the Florida Everglades." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3873.
Full textNazarian-Trochet, Marlène. "Recherches sur les chasses étrusques, latines et italiques : une préhistoire des chasses romaines ?" Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100023.
Full textHunting is one of the dominant subjects of Etruscan iconography as soon as the first figurative representations emerged. It fitted perfectly in the scenery of weapons and the jewellery of the first protohistoric elites. Furthermore, hunting was quickly enhanced by new methods coming from Middle Eastern and Hellenic cultures, in which the bestiary and the staging patterns are both included. This predominance in hunting scenes tempts to make us wonder about their symbolic use, on the furniture or on the private and public monuments ordered by Etruscan aristocrats. It also arouses our interest about the place of hunting in an “ideology of power” of which we only have figurative testimonies. Thus, the long period studied –from the VIIIth to the IVth century B.C.- will allow us to understand the various mutations of this topic, as well as the social and political changes through the different city-states. More broadly, an imagery about the relationship between humans and animals- including animal hunts, farming scenes and even the taming wild animals- will be taken into account to try to understand the relevance of the topic of mastery of wild animals in Etruria. Indeed, the singularity of the Etruscan culture seems to be expressed through the various and numerous representations usually seen on furniture as well as funerary monuments. Hunting, be it with a realistic, heroic, mythic or funerary dimension is thus the object of an important staging for ideological or ritual purposes. The consideration of the Etruscan corpus against other collections- taken from the Greek civilisation but also from other cultures such as Italic, Latin or Lucanian- encourages us to reconsider the question of the symbolic of hunting in the imaginary of this pre-Roman Italy, before the Roman hunt performances had developed
Dritz, Rebekah E. "The Influence of Landscape and Weather on Foraging by Olfactory Meso-predators in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/725.
Full textGuo, Mengyu. "Predator-Induced Changes of the Green Frog (Rana clamitans)'s Diet Preference." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1462821897.
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