Relevant bibliographies by topics / Predator-Prey

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Predator-Prey'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Predator-Prey"

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Xu, Changjin, and Peiluan Li. "Dynamics in a discrete predator-prey system with infected prey." Mathematica Bohemica 139, no. 3 (2014): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2014.143939.

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Schmitz, Oswald. "Predator and prey functional traits: understanding the adaptive machinery driving predator–prey interactions." F1000Research 6 (September 27, 2017): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11813.1.

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Predator–prey relationships are a central component of community dynamics. Classic approaches have tried to understand and predict these relationships in terms of consumptive interactions between predator and prey species, but characterizing the interaction this way is insufficient to predict the complexity and context dependency inherent in predator–prey relationships. Recent approaches have begun to explore predator–prey relationships in terms of an evolutionary-ecological game in which predator and prey adapt to each other through reciprocal interactions involving context-dependent expression of functional traits that influence their biomechanics. Functional traits are defined as any morphological, behavioral, or physiological trait of an organism associated with a biotic interaction. Such traits include predator and prey body size, predator and prey personality, predator hunting mode, prey mobility, prey anti-predator behavior, and prey physiological stress. Here, I discuss recent advances in this functional trait approach. Evidence shows that the nature and strength of many interactions are dependent upon the relative magnitude of predator and prey functional traits. Moreover, trait responses can be triggered by non-consumptive predator–prey interactions elicited by responses of prey to risk of predation. These interactions in turn can have dynamic feedbacks that can change the context of the predator–prey interaction, causing predator and prey to adapt their traits—through phenotypically plastic or rapid evolutionary responses—and the nature of their interaction. Research shows that examining predator–prey interactions through the lens of an adaptive evolutionary-ecological game offers a foundation to explain variety in the nature and strength of predator–prey interactions observed in different ecological contexts.
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Clements, Hayley S., Craig J. Tambling, and Graham I. H. Kerley. "Prey morphology and predator sociality drive predator prey preferences." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 3 (2016): 919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw017.

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Yang, Wensheng, and Miqin Chen. "The Impact of Predator-dependent Prey Refuge on the Dynamics of a Leslie-Gower Predator-prey Model." Asian Research Journal of Mathematics 19, no. 11 (2023): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2023/v19i11766.

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In this paper, we propose a new Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with predator-dependent prey refuge. Firstly, we obtain the positivity and boundedness of the system solution. Secondly, we prove that the origin is unstable using blow-up method, analyze the existence and local stability of the boundary equilibrium point and positive equilibrium point, and prove that the unique positive equilibrium point of the system is globally asymptotically stable by constructing a suitable Dulac function. Finally, mathematic analysis and numerical simulation show that: (1) when the strength of the predator-dependent prey refuge k = 0 , the dynamics of the predator-prey system without predator-dependent prey refuge are consistent with the results obtained from the traditional Leslie-Gower predator-prey system; (2) when k tends to positive infinity, the predator-dependent refuge lead to prey population densities fall somewhere between without prey refuge and with proportional refuge. However, the predator densities within this new form of the predator-dependent prey refuge is greater than the densities of predators without prey refuge and with proportional refuge; (3) increasing the strength k of the predator-dependent prey refuge can increase the densities of predator and prey populations respectively.
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Brown, Joel S., Keren Embar, Eric Hancock, and Burt P. Kotler. "Predators risk injury too: the evolution of derring-do in a predator–prey foraging game." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 3-4 (2016): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2016.1207298.

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Derring-do is how aggressive a predator is in stalking and capturing prey. We model predator–prey interactions in which prey adjust vigilance behavior to mitigate risk of predation and predators their derring-do to manage risk of injury from capturing prey. High derring-do increases a predator's likelihood of capturing prey, but at higher risk of injury to itself. For fixed predator derring-do, prey increase vigilance in response to predator abundance, predator lethality, and predator encounter probability with prey and decrease vigilance with their own feeding rate; there is a humped-shaped relationship between prey vigilance and effectiveness of vigilance. For fixed prey vigilance, predators increase derring-do with the abundance of prey and predator lethality and decrease it with benefit of vigilance to prey and level of prey vigilance. When both prey and predator are behaviorally flexible, a predator–prey foraging game ensues whose solution represents an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). At the ESS, prey provide themselves with a public good as their vigilance causes predators to decrease derring-do. Conversely, predators have negative indirect effects on themselves as their derring-do causes prey to be more vigilant. These behavioral feedbacks create negative intra-specific interaction coefficients. Increasing the population size of prey (or predators) now has a direct negative effect on the prey (or predators). Both effects help stabilize predator–prey dynamics. Besides highlighting a common way by which predators may experience a food-safety tradeoff via dangerous prey, the model suggests why natural selection favors even small defensive measures by prey and hulky predators.
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Lemos, Walkymário Paulo, José Cola Zanuncio, and José Eduardo Serrão. "Attack behavior of Podisus rostralis (Heteroptera: Pentatomidade) adults on caterpillars of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 6 (2005): 975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000800014.

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Attack behavior of the predator Podisus rostralis (Stäl) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) adults on fourth instar Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) caterpillars was studied in laboratory conditions. Ten 24 hours old adults of this predator were observed during two hours with the following attack behavior: (1) Predator: prey finding; prey observation; touching prey with antenna; attack behavior; prey paralysis; predator retreat after attack; attack cessation; successive attacks; and (2) Prey: defense. The predator P. rostralis found its prey before attacking and it approached it with slow circular movements. The attack was usually made in the posterior part of the prey to reduce defense reaction. Larger size of prey in relation to the predator resulted difficult prey paralysis but it occurred in less than two hours.
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Chakraborty, Deep Chandan. "Dynamics of Predator-prey Interactions in Sharp Tooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell, 1822) and Carp Fingerlings (Labeo bata; Hamilton, 1822) with Special Reference to the Development of Anti-Predatory Strategies." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 46, no. 1 (2025): 227–36. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i14757.

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This study explores the dynamics of predator-prey interactions and functional response of Clarias gariepinus (African Magur/Sharptooth Catfish - predator) and of Labeo bata (Carp fingerlings - prey). Author investigated the behavioral patterns of both species in isolation and during encounters, exploring the impacts of predator size, prey-predator ratio, encounter duration and placement of separators on anti-predatory strategies. Results indicated that prey behavior is influenced by predator presence, with crowding, hiding, and inspection emerging as key anti-predatory strategies. The development and intensity of these strategies are intricately linked to prey-predator ratio, size difference, and encounter duration. Notably, larger predators trigger more pronounced anti-predatory responses in preys, while high prey composition motivates individuals to inspect predators, conveying fearlessness and fitness. Findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of predator-avoidance behaviors in prey species, sheds light on the complex dynamics governing predator-prey interactions in aquatic ecosystems.
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Nakazawa, Takefumi, Shin-ya Ohba, and Masayuki Ushio. "Predator–prey body size relationships when predators can consume prey larger than themselves." Biology Letters 9, no. 3 (2013): 20121193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.1193.

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As predator–prey interactions are inherently size-dependent, predator and prey body sizes are key to understanding their feeding relationships. To describe predator–prey size relationships (PPSRs) when predators can consume prey larger than themselves, we conducted field observations targeting three aquatic hemipteran bugs, and assessed their body masses and those of their prey for each hunting event. The data revealed that their PPSR varied with predator size and species identity, although the use of the averaged sizes masked these effects. Specifically, two predators had slightly decreased predator–prey mass ratios (PPMRs) during growth, whereas the other predator specialized on particular sizes of prey, thereby showing a clear positive size–PPMR relationship. We discussed how these patterns could be different from fish predators swallowing smaller prey whole.
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Troy, Maria Holmgren. "Predator and Prey." Edda 104, no. 02 (2017): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn.1500-1989-2017-02-04.

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Kraines, David P., and Vivian Y. Kraines. "Predator-Prey Model." College Mathematics Journal 22, no. 2 (1991): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2686456.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Predator-Prey"

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Bolohan, Noah. "Seasonal Variation in a Predator-Predator-Prey Model." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40899.

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Seasonal shifts in predation habits, from a generalist in the summer to a specialist in the winter, have been documented for the great horned owl (Bulbo virginialis) in the boreal forest. This shift occurs largely due to varying prey availability. There is little study of this switching behaviour in the current literature. Since season length is predicted to change under future climate scenarios, it is important to understand resulting effects on species dynamics. Previous work has been done on a two-species seasonal model for the great horned owl and its focal prey, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). In this thesis, we extend the model by adding one of the hare's most important predators, the Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis). We study the qualitative behaviour of this model as season length changes using tools and techniques from dynamical systems. Our main approach is to determine when the lynx and the owl may invade the system at low density and ask whether mutual invasion of the predators implies stable coexistence in the three-species model. We observe that, as summer length increases, mutual invasion is less likely, and we expect to see extinction of the lynx. However, in all cases where mutual invasion was satisfied, the three species stably coexist.
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Martin, Annik. "Predator-prey models with delays and prey harvesting." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ49407.pdf.

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Lindström, Torsten. "Predator-prey systems and applications." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25928.

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Liu, Shouzong. "AGE-STRUCTURED PREDATOR-PREY MODELS." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1577.

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In this thesis, we study the population dynamics of predator-prey interactions described by mathematical models with age/stage structures. We first consider fixed development times for predators and prey and develop a stage-structured predator-prey model with Holling type II functional response. The analysis shows that the threshold dynamics holds. That is, the predator-extinction equilibrium is globally stable if the net reproductive number of the predator $\mathcal{R}_0$ is less than $1$, while the predator population persists if $\mathcal{R}_0$ is greater than $1$. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate and extend our theoretical results. A general maturation function for predators is then assumed, and an age-structured predator-prey model with no age structure for prey is formulated. Conditions for the existence and local stabilities of equilibria are obtained. The global stability of the predator-extinction equilibrium is proved by constructing a Lyapunov functional. Finally, we consider a special case of the maturation function discussed before. More specifically, we assume that the development times of predators follow a shifted Gamma distribution and then transfer the previous model into a system of differential-integral equations. We consider the existence and local stabilities of equilibria. Conditions for existence of Hopf bifurcation are given when the shape parameters of Gamma distributions are $1$ and $2$.
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Bodey, T. W. "Impacts of predator manipulations on island predator and prey populations." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515898.

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Gourley, Stephen Alexander. "Nonlocal effects in predator prey systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332378.

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Chrobok, Viktor. "Harvesting in the Predator - Prey Model." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10510.

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The paper is focused on the Predator-Prey model modified in the case of harvesting one or both populations. Firstly there is given a short description of the basic model and the sensitivity analysis. The first essential modification is percentage harvesting. This model could be easily converted to the basic one using a substitution. The next modification is constant harvesting. Solving this system requires linearization, which was properly done and brought valuable results applicable even for the basic or the percentage harvesting model. The next chapter describes regulation models, which could be used especially in applying environmental policies. All reasonable regulation models are shown after distinguishing between discrete and continuous harvesting. The last chapter contains an algorithm for maximizing the profit of a harvester using econometrical modelling tools.
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Johannesen, Asa. "Predator-prey interactions in aquatic environments." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7556/.

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In the first half of this thesis, I have focused on predator ability to locate prey using olfaction and how prey aggregation and turbulence affect prey detection. In chapter 2 I investigate the ability of three spined sticklebacks to compensate for loss of visual cues by using olfaction and find that they can use olfactory cues but that these most likely help the fish detect prey rather than locate prey. In chapter 3 I explore the effect of prey aggregation as an anti-predator strategy when avoiding an olfactory predator and find that aggregated prey survive longer than do dispersed prey. In order to further investigate why this may be, I carried out an experiment using Gammarus pulex as the predator where I recorded search time as a function of prey group size. I found that similarly to detection distance, search time relates to the square root of the number of prey. Finally, I investigate the effect that turbulence in flowing water may have on prey group detection using three spined sticklebacks in a y-maze. I find that risk of detection increases with prey group size but that turbulence lowers this risk. This may mean that there are thresholds below which size prey groups can benefit from turbulence as a ‘sensory refuge’ thus avoiding predators. In the second part of my thesis I focus on the interactions between a cleaner fish and a parasite in an aquaculture setting focusing on whether said fish is useful as a cleaner in industry. I carry out experiments to investigate the use of lumpfish as salmon cleaners in terms of cleaning efficiency and behaviour. I find that while some lumpfish do clean salmon, the required circumstances are still unknown and that further work including selective breeding, personality and effects of tanks is necessary.
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Miner, Jeffrey G. "Turbidity-mediated predator-prey interactions among piscivores, prey fishes, and zooplankton /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487685204970099.

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Supriatna, Asep K. "Optimal harvesting theory for predator-prey metapopulations /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs959.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Predator-Prey"

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Press, Sara. Predator/prey. Biscuit Roller Editions, 2006.

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Perry, Steve. Aliens vs. predator prey. Bantam Books, 1994.

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Perry, Steve. Aliens vs. predator prey. Bantam Books, 1994.

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1944-, Barbosa Pedro, and Castellanos Ignacio, eds. Ecology of predator-prey interactions. Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Sidorovich, V. E. Analysis of vertebrate predator-prey community. Tesey, 2011.

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Simionescu-Badea, C. L. Forced prey-predator models with delays. Österreichische Studiengesellschaft für Kybernetik, 1985.

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Martyn, Page, and Bailey John 1951-, eds. Pike: The predator becomes the prey. Crowood, 1985.

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Best, E. A. Pacific halibut as predator and prey. International Pacific Halibut Commission, 1986.

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Young, Euan. Skua and penguin: Predator and prey. Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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Jacobs, David Steve, and Anna Bastian. Predator–Prey Interactions: Co-evolution between Bats and Their Prey. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32492-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Predator-Prey"

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Iannelli, Mimmo, and Andrea Pugliese. "Predator-prey models." In UNITEXT. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03026-5_6.

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Hastings, Alan. "Predator-Prey Interactions." In Population Biology. Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2731-9_8.

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Ruth, Matthias, and James Lindholm. "Predator-Prey Dynamics." In Dynamic Modeling for Marine Conservation. Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0057-1_3.

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Wetzel, Robert G., and Gene E. Likens. "Predator-Prey Interactions." In Limnological Analyses. Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3250-4_17.

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Gaylord, Richard J., and Kazume Nishidate. "Predator-Prey Ecosystems." In Modeling Nature. Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9405-1_14.

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Swishchuk, Anatoly, and Jianhong Wu. "Predator-Prey Models." In Evolution of Biological Systems in Random Media: Limit Theorems and Stability. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1506-5_8.

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Wetzel, Robert G., and Gene E. Likens. "Predator-Prey Interactions." In Limnological Analyses. Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4098-1_17.

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Hannon, Bruce, and Matthias Ruth. "Predator-Prey Models." In Dynamic Modeling. Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0211-7_18.

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Caraveo, Camilo, Fevrier Valdez, and Oscar Castillo. "Predator-Prey Model." In A New Bio-inspired Optimization Algorithm Based on the Self-defense Mechanism of Plants in Nature. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05551-6_4.

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Peterson, James K. "Predator–Prey Models." In Calculus for Cognitive Scientists. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-877-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Predator-Prey"

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Yang, Liya, and Guirong Guo. "Permanence of a Nonlinear Predator-prey-mutualist System." In 2024 14th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/itme63426.2024.00117.

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Padirac, Adrien, Alexandre Baccouche, Fujii Teruo, Andre Estevez-Torres, and Yannick Rondelez. "Predator prey molecular landscapes." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2013. MIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-31709-2-ch113.

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Padirac, Adrien, Alexandre Baccouche, Fujii Teruo, Andre Estevez-Torres, and Yannick Rondelez. "Predator prey molecular landscapes." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2013. MIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/978-0-262-31709-2-ch113.

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Mullan, Rory, David H. Glass, and Mark McCartney. "Modelling Prey in Discrete Time Predator-Prey Systems." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2013.447.

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Free, Brian A., Matthew J. McHenry, and Derek A. Paley. "Non-deterministic Predator-Prey Model with Accelerating Prey." In 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8430786.

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Mortuja, Md Golam, Mithilesh Kumar Chaube, and Santosh Kumar. "Predator-prey model with proportional prey harvesting and prey group defense." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMTA2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0108625.

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Lan, Gongjin, Jiunhan Chen, and A. E. Eiben. "Evolutionary predator-prey robot systems." In GECCO '19: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3322033.

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Mobilia, Mauro, Ivan T. Georgiev, and Uwe C. Täuber. "Spatial stochastic predator-prey models." In Stochastic Models in Biological Sciences. Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/bc80-0-16.

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KHAN, Q. J. A., and M. AL-LAWATIA. "PREDATOR - PREY RELATIONS FOR MAMMALS WHERE PREY SUPPRESS BREEDING." In Proceedings of the Satellite Conference of ICM 2010. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814338820_0017.

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Ghafel, Sarah F., and Salam J. Majeed. "Bifurcation analysis of a prey-predator model with prey refuge and fear of adult predator." In PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS OF CONDENSED MATTER: Physical Principles of Multiscale Structure Formation and the Mechanisms of Nonlinear Behavior: MESO2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0157712.

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Reports on the topic "Predator-Prey"

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Osborn, Thomas R., Charles Meneveau, and Houshuo Jiang. Bio-Physical Coupling of Predator-Prey Interactions. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629735.

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Osborn, Thomas, and Charles Meneveau. Bio-physical Coupling of Predator-prey Interactions. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada634770.

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Lundgren, Jonathan, Moshe Coll, and James Harwood. Biological control of cereal aphids in wheat: Implications of alternative foods and intraguild predation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699858.bard.

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The overall objective of this proposal is to understand how realistic strategies for incorporating alternative foods into wheat fields affect the intraguild (IG) interactions of omnivorous and carnivorous predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. Cereal aphids are a primary pest of wheat throughout much of the world. Naturally occurring predator communities consume large quantities of cereal aphids in wheat, and are partitioned into aphid specialists and omnivores. Within wheat fields, the relative abilities of omnivorous and carnivorous predators to reduce cereal aphids depend heavily on the availability, distribution and type of alternative foods (alternative prey, sugar, and pollen), and on the intensity and direction of IG predation events within this community. A series of eight synergistic experiments, carefully crafted to accomplish objectives while accounting for regional production practices, will be conducted to explore how cover crops (US, where large fields preclude effective use of field margins) and field margins (IS, where cover crops are not feasible) as sources of alternative foods affect the IG interactions of predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. These objectives are: 1. Determine the mechanisms whereby the availability of alternative prey and plant-provided resources affect pest suppression by omnivorous and carnivorous generalist predators; 2. Characterize the intensity of IGP within generalist predator communities of wheat systems and assess the impact of these interactions on cereal aphid predation; and 3. Evaluate how spatial patterns in the availability of non-prey resources and IGP affect predation on cereal aphids by generalist predator communities. To accomplish these goals, novel tools, including molecular and biochemical gut content analysis and geospatial analysis, will be coupled with traditional techniques used to monitor and manipulate insect populations and predator efficacy. Our approach will manipulate key alternative foods and IG prey to determine how these individual interactions contribute to the ability of predators to suppress cereal aphids within systems where cover crop and field margin management strategies are evaluated in production scale plots. Using these strategies, the proposed project will not only provide cost-effective and realistic solutions for pest management issues faced by IS and US producers, but also will provide a better understanding of how spatial dispersion, IG predation, and the availability of alternative foods contribute to biological control by omnivores and carnivores within agroecosystems. By reducing the reliance of wheat producers on insecticides, this proposal will address the BARD priorities of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and protecting plants against biotic sources of stress in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
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bell, Matthew, Marcel P. Huijser, and David Kack. Exploring Apex Predator Effects on Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions: A Case Study on Wolf Reintroductions in Yellowstone. Western Transportation Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1727735675.

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This study investigates the impact of wolf reintroduction on wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) along a segment of US-191 bordering Yellowstone National Park. Wolves were reintroduced in 1995–1996, and subsequent wolf pack establishment may have influenced the behavior and population dynamics of prey species, potentially altering WVC patterns. Using carcass data collected from 1989 to 2021, the analysis was divided into two primary phases: before wolves (1989–1996) and after wolves (1997–2021). A series of linear mixed-effects models were developed to assess changes in WVCs across these time periods. Predictor variables included average annual daily traffic (AADT), elk population estimates, and wolf counts. Results showed that WVCs significantly declined in the post-wolf period, suggesting that the presence of wolves may reduce WVCs directly by modifying prey behavior and movement patterns, or indirectly by reducing prey population densities. Further analysis revealed that while elk populations were a significant predictor of WVCs before wolves were reintroduced, this relationship weakened post-reintroduction. Traffic volume did not significantly influence WVC patterns in either period, nor did it interact significantly with wolf presence. The inclusion of wolf counts as a continuous variable showed a negative relationship with WVCs, indicating that higher wolf densities may contribute to a further reduction in collisions over time. These findings suggest that apex predators can play a role in mitigating human-wildlife conflicts, such as WVCs, by influencing prey species’ behavior and distribution. The study provides valuable insights for wildlife managers and transportation planners, highlighting the potential benefits of predator conservation for road safety and ecosystem health.
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5

Williams, Slater. Summary of the article "effects of intraguild prey dispersal driven by intraguild predator-avoidance on species coexistence". Iowa State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1357.

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6

Arnould, John P. Using Animal-Borne Cameras to Quantify Prey Field, Habitat Characteristics and Foraging Success in a Marine Top Predator. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541895.

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Arnould, John P. Using Animal-Borne Cameras to Quantify Prey Field, Habitat Characteristics and Foraging Success in a Marine Top Predator. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573143.

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Arnould, John P. Using Animal-Borne Cameras to Quantify Prey Field, Habitat Characteristics and Foraging Success in a Marine Top Predator. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598114.

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Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau, and Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.

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The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.
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Axenrot, Thomas, and Erik Degerman. Ontogenetic variation in lacustrine European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) populations as a response to ecosystem characteristics : an indicator of population sensitivity to environmental and climate stressors. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.5qdiolcgj2.

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Smelts play a key role in the pelagic ecosystem of large lakes in northern Europe and North America. In numbers, they often dominate the open water. In large lakes in Scandinavia (including Finland), European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.), a cold-water glacial relict, is commonly the most important prey for piscivorous fish species, but also acts by ontogenetic shifts as a predator on zoo-plankton, small crustaceans, fish larvae, mysids and occasionally – with increasing size - fish. Furthermore, the large numbers of smelt in the open water are important competitors to other planktivorous fish. Due to the diverse life histories and biological interactions of smelt in large lakes, its role in the food-web structure is expected to be variable. Smelt population dynamics, recruitment, size and age structure, growth, life history and mortality were analysed and compared for five Swedish lakes that varied in size, depth, morphology, trophic status and latitude to understand the varying life histories and roles in lake food-webs. The results showed that in shallow, eutrophic lakes smelt stayed small and short-lived, and populations experienced high mortality. In deeper, colder and less nutrient-rich lakes, smelts grew larger and older, and might shift to a piscivorous trophic level. By ontogenetic adaptions smelt seems to uphold high abundance and recruitment over a wide range of ecosystems, but in shallow lakes without cold water refuges smelt populations run the risk of collapsing on the occasion of extremely warm summers with drastic consequences for their predators and lake ecosystems.
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