Relevant bibliographies by topics / Predation (Biology)

Academic literature on the topic 'Predation (Biology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Predation (Biology)"

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O’Neil, Robert J. "A MODEL OF PREDATION BY PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (SAY) ON MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE, EPILACHNA VARIVESTIS MULSANT, IN SOYBEANS." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 7 (July 1988): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent120601-7.

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AbstractA model of predation by Podisus maculiventris (Say) on Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, larvae in soybeans is presented. The attack equation described the number of prey attacked as a function of the number of prey, soybean leaf area, and the search behavior of the predator. The area searched by P. maculiventris was related to the amount of leaf area and the number of prey. Predictions of the number of Mexican bean beetles attacked per predator were compared with an independent field data set. The relevance of the predation model to studies of predation in other agricultural systems is discussed.
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Belk, Mark C., Spencer J. Ingley, and Jerald B. Johnson. "Life History Divergence in Livebearing Fishes in Response to Predation: Is There a Microevolution to Macroevolution Barrier?" Diversity 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050179.

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A central problem in evolutionary biology is to determine whether adaptive phenotypic variation within species (microevolution) ultimately gives rise to new species (macroevolution). Predation environment can select for trait divergence among populations within species. The implied hypothesis is that the selection resulting from predation environment that creates population divergence within species would continue across the speciation boundary such that patterns of divergence after speciation would be a magnified accumulation of the trait variation observed before speciation. In this paper, we test for congruence in the mechanisms of microevolution and macroevolution by comparing the patterns of life history divergence among three closely related species of the livebearer genus Brachyrhaphis (Poeciliidae), namely B. rhabdophora, B. roseni, and B. terrabensis. Within B. rhabdophora, populations occur in either predator or predator-free environments, and have been considered to be at a nascent stage of speciation. Sister species B. roseni and B. terrabensis are segregated into predator and predator-free environments, respectively, and represent a post-speciation comparison. Male and female size at maturity, clutch size, and offspring size (and to a lesser extent reproductive allocation) all diverged according to predation environment and differences were amplified through evolutionary time, i.e., across the speciation boundary. Variation observed among nascent species differentiated by predation environment is a good predictor of variation among established species differentiated by predation environment. We found no evidence for different processes or different levels of selection acting across the speciation boundary, suggesting that macroevolution in these species can be understood as an accumulation of micro-evolutionary changes.
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Stewart, Heather C., and Sandra J. Walde. "THE DYNAMICS OF APHIS POMI DE GEER (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND ITS PREDATOR, APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA (RONDANI) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), ON APPLE IN NOVA SCOTIA." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 4 (August 1997): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent129627-4.

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AbstractThe dynamics of Aphis pomi De Geer (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), were studied over two seasons in a commercial apple orchard in Nova Scotia. Aphid and predator population dynamics were very different in the two seasons. The most numerous predator in both years was A. aphidimyza. This predator was found in the earliest colonies sampled each season and was present throughout the growing season. In the year with relatively high aphid densities a single peak in aphid and predator density was seen in mid-July, just prior to maximum predation rate. The predator’s numerical response resulted in delayed density dependence in predation rate. In the year of low aphid densities, predator and prey dynamics appeared uncoupled, and a higher rate of colony turnover may have been caused by other predators such as mirids. Aphidoletes aphidimyza tended to aggregate oviposition in high-density aphid colonies, but this aggregation resulted in predation that was only very weakly spatially density dependent.
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Maghool, Firas Hussean, and Raid Kamel Naji. "The Dynamics of a Tritrophic Leslie-Gower Food-Web System with the Effect of Fear." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2021 (September 1, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2112814.

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The avoidance strategy of prey to predation and the predation strategy for predators are important topics in evolutionary biology. Both prey and predators adjust their behaviors in order to obtain the maximal benefits and to raise their biomass for each. Therefore, this paper is aimed at studying the impact of prey’s fear and group defense against predation on the dynamics of the food-web model. Consequently, in this paper, a mathematical model that describes a tritrophic Leslie-Gower food-web system is formulated. Sokol-Howell type of function response is adapted to describe the predation process due to the prey’s group defensive capability. The effects of fear due to the predation process are considered in the first two levels. It is assumed that the generalist predator grows logistically using the Leslie-Gower type of growth function. All the solution properties of the model are studied. Local dynamics behaviors are investigated. The basin of attraction for each equilibrium is determined using the Lyapunov function. The conditions of persistence of the model are specified. The study of local bifurcation in the model is done. Numerical simulations are implemented to show the obtained results. It is watched that the system is wealthy in its dynamics including chaos. The fear factor works as a stabilizing factor in the system up to a specific level; otherwise, it leads to the extinction of the predator. However, increasing the prey’s group defense leads to extinction in predator species.
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Lerch, Brian A., and Maria R. Servedio. "Predation drives complex eco-evolutionary dynamics in sexually selected traits." PLOS Biology 21, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): e3002059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002059.

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Predation plays a role in preventing the evolution of ever more complicated sexual displays, because such displays often increase an individual’s predation risk. Sexual selection theory, however, omits a key feature of predation in modeling costs to sexually selected traits: Predation is density dependent. As a result of this density dependence, predator–prey dynamics should feed back into the evolution of sexual displays, which, in turn, feeds back into predator–prey dynamics. Here, we develop both population and quantitative genetic models of sexual selection that explicitly link the evolution of sexual displays with predator–prey dynamics. Our primary result is that predation can drive eco-evolutionary cycles in sexually selected traits. We also show that mechanistically modeling the cost to sexual displays as predation leads to novel outcomes such as the maintenance of polymorphism in sexual displays and alters ecological dynamics by muting prey cycles. These results suggest predation as a potential mechanism to maintain variation in sexual displays and underscore that short-term studies of sexual display evolution may not accurately predict long-run dynamics. Further, they demonstrate that a common verbal model (that predation limits sexual displays) with widespread empirical support can result in unappreciated, complex dynamics due to the density-dependent nature of predation.
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Taggart, D. A., D. J. Schultz, T. C. Corrigan, T. J. Schultz, M. Stevens, D. Panther, and C. R. White. "Reintroduction methods and a review of mortality in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Grampians National Park, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 6 (2015): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo15029.

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Captive-bred brush-tailed rock-wallabies (BTRW) were reintroduced into the Grampians National Park, Australia, during 2008–12. Two release strategies (methods) were examined: ‘Small release with supplementation’ (Strategy 1) and ‘Larger release, no supplementation’ (Strategy 2). Of the 39 animals released, 18% survived. Thirty-six percent of all mortality occurred within the first 100 days. Under Strategy 1, 22 animals were released in five groups. Twenty deaths occurred across 48 months, with predation estimated to account for 15% of mortalities. Under Strategy 2, 17 individuals were reintroduced across one month. Twelve deaths occurred in the five months following release, with predation estimated to account for 83.4% of mortalities. Of the independent variables tested for their relationship to survival time after release, release strategy was the only significant predictor of survival time after release with the risk of death 3.2 times greater in Strategy 2. Independent variables tested for their relationship to predation risk indicated that release strategy was also the only significant predictor of predation risk, with the risk of death associated with predation 10.5 times greater in Strategy 2. Data suggested that fox predation was the main factor affecting BTRW establishment. Predation risk declined by 75% during the first six months after release. A significant positive relationship was also found between predation risk and colony supplementation events. We conclude that predation risk at Moora Moora Creek is reduced in releases of fewer animals, that it declines across time and that disturbing BTRW colonies through the introduction of new animals can increase predation risk. We recommend that future reintroductions should employ diverse exotic predator control measures at the landscape scale, time releases to periods of lowest predator activity, and limit colony disturbance to maintain group cohesion and social structure. Furthermore, the preferred method of population establishment should be single, small releases over multiple sites without supplementation. Further testing of the reintroduction biology of this species is urgently required.
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Tanis, Brian P., Bradley Bott, and Brian J. Gaston. "Sex-based differences in anti-predator response of crickets to chemical cues of a mammalian predator." PeerJ 6 (June 11, 2018): e4923. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4923.

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Anti-predator behaviors like vigilance or hiding come at the expense of other fitness increasing behaviors such as foraging. To compensate for this trade-off, prey assess predation risk and modify the frequency of anti-predator behaviors according to the likelihood of the threat. In this study, we tested the ability of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) to indirectly assess predation risk via odors from a mammalian predator, Elliot’s short-tailed shrew (Blarina hylophaga). As natural differences in encounter rates and predation risk differs between sexes, we tested if male and female crickets perceive similar rates of predation risk from the presence of shrew odor measured via anti-predator behavioral response. Crickets were placed in enclosed, cardboard-lined chambers either treated with shrew odor or control, along with a food source. Time until foraging was measured for each individual and compared across treatment and sex. We found that in the presence of shrew odor, female crickets delayed foraging while males showed no response. These results suggest adult crickets can use chemical cues to detect mammalian predators. Furthermore, we demonstrate that female crickets associate greater predation risk from shrew predators than do male crickets, which are more stationary yet acoustically conspicuous. As predation risk potentially differs drastically for each sex, changes to the operational sex ratios of wild cricket populations could be influenced by the identity of the predator community.
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Desurmont, Gaylord A., and Paul A. Weston. "Influence of prey size and environmental factors on predation by Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on viburnum leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Canadian Entomologist 140, no. 2 (April 2008): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n07-021.

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AbstractExperiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the influence of the relative sizes of predator and prey, temperature, presence of refugia, size of the search area, and host-plant species on the predation performance of Podisus maculiventris (Say) nymphs against viburnum leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull), a new landscape pest in North America that feeds on the foliage of species of Viburnum L. (Caprifoliaceae). Predator handling time was positively correlated with body mass of the prey for all instars of P. maculiventris, but the rate of increase of handling time relative to prey mass decreased as predator age increased. Temperature was positively correlated with predation rates, but the presence of refugia did not have an impact on predation. The influence of host-plant species and size of the search area was tested on southern arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum L.) and American cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton). There was a significant interaction between plant species and size of the search area, the species effect becoming significant as leaf surface area increased. In the case of southern arrowwood a negative correlation between size of the search area and predation rate was also detected. The identification of these factors adds valuable knowledge for using P. maculiventris as a biological-control agent against P. viburni.
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Mihalitsis, Michalis, Renato A. Morais, and David R. Bellwood. "Small predators dominate fish predation in coral reef communities." PLOS Biology 20, no. 11 (November 29, 2022): e3001898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001898.

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Ecosystem processes are challenging to quantify at a community level, particularly within complex ecosystems (e.g., rainforests, coral reefs). Predation is one of the most important types of species interactions, determining several ecosystem processes. However, while it is widely recognised, it is rarely quantified, especially in aquatic systems. To address these issues, we model predation on fish by fish, in a hyperdiverse coral reef community. We show that body sizes previously examined in fish–fish predation studies (based on a metanalysis), only represent about 5% of likely predation events. The average fish predator on coral reefs is just 3.65 cm; the average fish prey just 1.5 cm. These results call for a shift in the way we view fish predation and its ability to shape the species or functional composition of coral reef fish communities. Considered from a functional group approach, we found general agreement in the distribution of simulated and observed predation events, among both predator and prey functional groups. Predation on coral reefs is a process driven by small fish, most of which are neither seen nor quantified.
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Müller, Susanne, Sarah N. Strack, Sarah E. Ryan, Mary Shawgo, Abigail Walling, Susanna Harris, Chris Chambers, Jennifer Boddicker, and John R. Kirby. "Identification of Functions Affecting Predator-Prey Interactions between Myxococcus xanthus and Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 24 (October 3, 2016): 3335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00575-16.

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ABSTRACTSoil bacteria engage each other in competitive and cooperative ways to determine their microenvironments. In this study, we report the identification of a large number of genes required forMyxococcus xanthusto engageBacillus subtilisin a predator-prey relationship. We generated and tested over 6,000 individual transposon insertion mutants ofM. xanthusand found many new factors required to promote efficient predation, including the specialized metabolite myxoprincomide, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter permease, and a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) locus encoding bacterial immunity. We also identified genes known to be involved in predation, including those required for the production of exopolysaccharides and type IV pilus (T4P)-dependent motility, as well as chemosensory and two-component systems. Furthermore, deletion of these genes confirmed their role during predation. Overall,M. xanthuspredation appears to be a multifactorial process, with multiple determinants enhancing predation capacity.IMPORTANCESoil bacteria engage each other in complex environments and utilize multiple traits to ensure survival. Here, we report the identification of multiple traits that enable a common soil organism,Myxococcus xanthus, to prey upon and utilize nutrients from another common soil organism,Bacillus subtilis. We mutagenized the predator and carried out a screen to identify genes that were required to either enhance or diminish capacity to consume prey. We identified dozens of genes encoding factors that contribute to the overall repertoire for the predator to successfully engage its prey in the natural environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Predation (Biology)"

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Bromilow, Amanda Marie. "Juvenile Blue Crab Survival in Nursery Habitats: Predator Identification and Predation Impacts in Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639467.

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Predator populations can have significant impacts on prey recruitment success and prey population dynamics through consumption. Young, inexperienced prey are often most vulnerable to predation due to their small size and limited evasion capabilities. to reduce the risk of predation, new recruits and young juveniles typically settle in structured nursery habitats, such as seagrass beds, which promote higher survival by acting as refuges from predators. Thus, successful recruitment to the adult portion of the population is often dependent on the availability of suitable nursery habitat. In this thesis, I used field tethering experiments and gut content analyses to assess the role of habitat, body size, finfish predation, and cannibalism on the survival of one of the most ecologically and economically important species in Chesapeake Bay: the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. In field tethering experiments, survival probability of juvenile blue crabs in York River nursery habitats (i.e. seagrass beds, sand flats) increased significantly and additively with crab size and SAV cover. Images of predation events during tethering experiments revealed cannibalism by adult blue crabs to be a major source of juvenile mortality. Gut content analyses from three field studies identified seven predators of juvenile blue crabs in lower Chesapeake Bay nursery habitats: adult blue crabs, striped bass Morone saxatilis, red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura, weakfish Cynoscion regalis, Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, and oyster toadfish Opsanus tau. Using frequency of consumption and diet proportion metrics, I determined striped bass, red drum, and silver perch to be the most impactful finfish predators on juvenile mortality, in addition to cannibalism. Atlantic croaker and oyster toadfish play minor roles in juvenile mortality in Chesapeake Bay nursery habitats. The probability of juvenile crabs being present in a predator’s gut was also significantly higher in seagrass beds than in unvegetated sand flats. Food web dynamics are an important aspect of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Understanding the ecological interactions between populations, and their environment, can provide insight into natural population fluctuations of valuable fishery species such as the blue crab. This thesis demonstrated the positive effects of body size and SAV cover on juvenile crab survival, indicating the importance of seagrass nursery habitat for blue crab population dynamics in Chesapeake Bay. However, despite the predator refuge offered by SAV, high densities of predators and prey in seagrass beds resulted in greater consumption of juveniles in those habitats. Key predators of juvenile blue crabs were also identified and their relative impacts were estimated. The predator-prey relationships revealed in this thesis were integrated into a revised food web for blue crabs in Chesapeake Bay, in the hopes of informing future ecosystem-based management efforts.
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Becker, Matthew Smith. "Applying predator-prey theory to evaluate large mammal dynamics wolf predation in a newly-established multiple-prey system /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/becker/BeckerM1208.pdf.

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I studied wolf prey selection and kill rates during 1996-97 through 2006-07 winters in a newly established two-prey system in central Yellowstone National Park. Prey differed substantially in their vulnerability to wolf (Canis lupus) predation and wolves preyed primarily on elk (Cervus elaphus) but also used bison (Bison bison) to varying degrees within and among winters and packs. Winter severity, wolf abundance, distribution, and prey selection varied during the study, concurrent with variations in the demography, distribution, and behavior of elk and bison. A total of 759 wolf-killed ungulates were detected and prey selection by wolves was influenced by the absolute and relative abundance of prey types, the abundance of predators, and the duration of snow pack. Wolves strongly preferred elk calves relative to all other prey types, and elk calf abundance was inversely related to the occurrence of bison in wolf diets. Increasing wolf numbers also broadened prey selection from elk calves, and predation on bison and adult elk increased with increasing snow pack accumulation and duration, likely due to its long-term debilitating influence. Elk abundance and wolf pack size best explained variation in kill rates for elk while bison calf abundance and snow pack duration best explained kill rates of bison. The functional response of wolves for elk was best described by a Type II ratio-dependent model, indicating significant predator dependence. Prey-switching evaluations indicated increasing selection of bison with increasing bison:elk ratios, however no concurrent decrease in elk predation occurred. Increased bison predation is not solely dependent on relative abundance of the two prey species; therefore it is unlikely at this time that wolf prey-switching will stabilize the system.
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Delaire, Lari. "Predation, parasitism and colour in natural guppy populations." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103592.

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Many studies of evolution adopt a unifactorial approach, where a single causal force appearing to account for a majority of the phenotypic variation becomes the focal point of investigation. However, it seems certain that no single force acts to the complete exclusion of other forces, and so multi-factorial studies can make a crucial contribution to our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic variation. In the Trinidadian guppy system, natural selection acting via predation has long been recognized as playing an important role in shaping trait variation. However, other environmental factors also likely contribute, and my thesis explores the potential role of one of them: parasitism. I specifically focus on Gyrodactylus, a monogenean ectoparasite that has important effects on many fish species and coexists with guppies in the wild. I evaluate the extent to which parasitism varies among guppy populations, particularly in relation to predation. I then ask whether parasitism influences phenotypic variation in guppy traits. This work was executed through a large-scale survey in northern Trinidad, where 26 guppy populations of known predation level (high or low) were surveyed across 10 different rivers. Individual guppies were scanned for Gyrodactylus and then photographed for image analyses aimed at quantifying body size and aspects of male colour. I found that among-population variation in parasitism levels was consistent between two dry seasons, and that high-predation localities tend to have higher levels of parasitism than do low-predation localities. However, I found few effects of parasitism on guppy traits and no major modifying influence of parasitism on inferences about the role of predation. Although more work certainly needs to be done with respect to parasitism, our results suggest it might be more profitable to concentrate on other potential causal factors that shape guppy trait variation.
De nombreuses études sur l'évolution adoptent une approche uni-factorielle qui se concentrent sur une seule force pouvant expliquer la plupart de la variation phénotypique observée. Cependant, il est évident qu'aucune force n'exerce son effet de façon isolée. C'est pourquoi les études multi-factorielles apportent une contribution cruciale à notre compréhension de l'évolution de la variation phénotypique. Dans le système d'étude des guppies de Trinité, la sélection naturelle imposée par les prédateurs a depuis longtemps été considérée comme un facteur important dans l'élaboration de la variation au niveau des traits. Cependant, d'autres facteurs environnementaux contribuent également à cette élaboration, notamment le parasitisme. Je me penche sur le rôle potentiel que peuvent avoir les parasites du genre Gyrodactylus sur les traits des guppies. Ces ectoparasites monogènes exercent de nombreux effets sur plusieurs espèces de poissons et coexistent avec les guppies dans leur environnement naturel. J'évalue le niveau de variation du parasitisme entre les populations de guppies, et plus spécifiquement en relation avec la prédation. J'explore par la suite l'influence potentielle du parasitisme sur la variation phénotypique des traits des guppies. Pour ce faire, une étude de grande échelle a été effectuée sur 10 rivières dans le nord de Trinité, dans laquelle 26 populations sujettes à des niveaux de prédation connus (élevé ou bas) ont été inventoriées. L'état d'infection par les Gyrodactylus a été répertorié pour chaque guppy, puis les poissons ont été photographiés pour analyser les images dans le but de quantifier la taille corporelle ainsi que de nombreux aspects de la coloration chez les mâles. J'ai trouvé que les niveaux de parasitisme entre les populations étaient consistants entre les deux saisons sèches recensées, et qu'il y a une tendance pour les sites de haute prédation à avoir des niveaux de parasitisme plus élevés que les sites de basse prédation. Cependant, j'ai trouvé que la parasitisme avait peu d'effets sur les traits des guppies et aucune influence majeure n'a été trouvée sur les inférences concernant la prédation. Bien qu'il reste encore beaucoup de travail à faire en ce qui a trait au parasitisme, nos résultats suggèrent qu'il pourrait être plus profitable de se concentrer sur d'autres facteurs potentiels pouvant expliquer la variation de traits chez les guppies.
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Morling, Frances. "Cape Town's cats: reassessing predation through kitty-cams." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9099.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Domestic cats (Felis catus) are abundant generalist predators that exploit a wide range of prey within and adjacent to the urban matrix. Cats are known to have contributed to the extinction and endangerment (mostly on islands) of a number of indigenous species, including birds, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Most research on this important topic has been carried out in the developed world, predominantly in Australia, New Zealand, the U.K., the U.S. and Canada with only four studies carried out in Africa. Of these, two studies in Cape Town suggest that domestic cats have a big impact on wildlife but these studies may have underestimated predation because they failed to account for the proportion of prey not returned to participants’ homes. In this study I used kitty-cams in an attempt to provide a prey correction factor for urban cats in Cape Town, South Africa. I investigated hunting of wildlife by free-ranging domestic cats in Newlands, a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa over 5 weeks in 2013. I monitored 13 cats (6 deep-urban and 7 urban-edge) by questionnaire survey, asking cat owners to record all prey items returned by their cats. A total of 43 prey items were returned, 42% of which were small mammals, 30% invertebrates, 12% reptiles, 9% amphibians and 7% birds. Combining these data with two similar survey studies carried out in Cape Town I estimated that a total of 118 cats caught an average of 0.04 prey items per cat per day. Ten of the 13 cats were also monitored for 3 weeks using kitty-cam video cameras. Participating cats wore a video camera and all activity was analysed for prey captures and behavioural activity patterns.
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Brouillette, Amber Noelle. "Sex-Biased Predation on Taricha by a Novel Predator in Annadel State Park." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/111.

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Newts of the genus Taricha have long been studied due to the powerful neurotoxin found in their skin. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) acts by blocking receptors in sodium channels, ultimately resulting in death via asphyxiation. The only documented predators of species in this genus have been snakes of the genus Thamnophis. Recently, predation on Taricha in Ledson Marsh in Annadel State Park, Santa Rosa, CA was discovered. Predation was in the form of laceration or evisceration, and tracking of predation from 1998-2008 showed that it was male-biased. Two species of Taricha were found living sympatrically at this location, the California newt (T. torosa) and the rough-skinned newt (T. granulosa). Fluorometric High Phase Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used in order to quantify TTX levels in the skin of ten male and ten female newts of each species. Quantification of TTX was done to determine the influence, if any, that TTX levels may have on sex-biased predation in this population. I predicted that levels of TTX would be greater in females than males, and greater in T. granulosa than T. torosa since very few T. granulosa were preyed upon during the study period. My results indicated that there were significant differences between the sexes, and T. torosa were significantly more toxic than T. granulosa. An in-depth ecological study of relative abundances of both species and identification of the predator are needed at this site to obtain a clear picture of the predator-prey dynamics at Ledson Marsh
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Latif, Quresh S. "How predation risk shapes avian nest site selection and processes underlying nest predation patterns." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957706911&SrchMode=2&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268765320&clientId=48051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Cleveland, Shawn M. "HUMAN PREDATION RISK AND ELK BEHAVIOR IN HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04282010-103245/.

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Elk (Cervus elaphus) are increasing in fragmented landscapes that result from exurban human development throughout western North America. This problem is increasing human-wildlife conflicts and represents a significant new challenge to wildlife managers. Elk hunting must be intensively managed, if allowed at all, to reduce public relations problems. For example, the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks has focused three hunts on a rapidly growing (~11% annually) elk herd in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) of Missoula, Montana, USA. Their goals were to reduce population growth rate, crop depredation, and habituation to humans. However, little was known about the indirect effect hunting has on anti-predator behavior, movement, resource selection, and human-elk conflicts. We first investigated the indirect effects of hunting on elk using an extensive comparison of elk anti-predator behavior across four human predation risk levels in western Montana. We collected 361behavioral observations across this predation risk gradient from October 2008 to March 2009. Vigilance was highest in highest predation risk areas and lowest in lowest risk areas. Vigilance and movement attenuated with the removal of human predation risk within 3-5 weeks under intermediate human predation risk in Missoula, Montana. I then used an intensive investigation of elk outfitted with global positioning system (GPS) collars in the WUI of Missoula to test the indirect effects of hunting on elk. We used data from nine GPS collared adult female elk during three hunting seasons with increasing hunting pressure (2007-2009) to test relationships between movement rates measured by first passage time (FPT) and resource selection. FPT decreased annually, by season type, and by hunting mode (archery vs rifle), and was negatively correlated with hunter predation risk. Elk slowed down ~750 meters from and selected for areas ~1200 meters from houses and trails, suggesting habituation to humans contributed to WUI human-wildlife conflict. These results support the risk allocation hypothesis that elk modify behavior in relation to temporal and spatial variation in human predation risk, and provide some of the first insights as to the indirect effects of hunting on elk in the WUI.
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Svensson, Jonas. "Är den starkt växande vildsvinspopulationen ett hot mot tjäderns reden?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3161.

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This case study is based on a previous documented method of manufacturing artificial nest containing pre-colored hen eggs. This method is going to be used to find, if the wild boar population, which is growing in number, is a threat to the capercaillie population.  In comparison to the wild boar population, the capercaillie population is diminishing in different parts of Sweden.  In order to find out if they are affect by each other, the case study was carried out during the months of April to May 2009. 100 artificial nests were placed out on various locations on the Södertuna estate just in the outskirts of Gnesta. The unique aspect of this study is that a fenced environment to keep out wild animals is used to conduct this study, which has been previously known to be free from wild boar, but the area outside has sittings of wild boar. So to fully understand how this affects the capercaillie population, 50 of the nests were placed outside the fence area, while the other 50 nests were placed inside the fenced area. The sites were visited on two separate occasions, and were noted of the changes inside and outside the fenced compounds. The result of these visits show that many of the nests inside the fenced environment has been consume by birds. It was not possible to prove that nests have been predated by wild boar, even the wild boar populations could be found outside of the fenced area. The statistical analysis has been carried out to determine the perdition rate on the nests and which of the two main groups the culprits belonged to. The significant difference came to a P <0.05. The predations on the artificial nests inside the fence were greater than the nest placed outside the fence. The total came to a 20 %, i.e. 20 of the 100 nests which were predated on, in total. 32%, i.e. 16 of the nests were attacked that were placed inside the fence and 8 %, i.e. 4 were attacked inside the fence. To observe closer at the species that targeted the nests inside the fence were crows/eurasian jay 18 % (9), badgers/fox 14 % (7) and wild boar 0 %. Outside the fence, the results were divided into division on crows/eurasian jay 2 % (1), badgers/fox 6 % (3) and wild boar 0 %. This study shows the wild boar population does not the pose a threat to the swindling population of the capercaillies population. But this case study demonstrates that there are other species that create a threat to the simulated nests, which is of an utter most importance to research into this particular subject into the future on reproduced artificial nests to investigate the perdition rates of capercaillies.

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Hechtel, Laura Johnson Juliano Steven A. "The effect of predation on size at and time to metamorphosis in tree hole mosquitoes." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1993. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9411038.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1993.
Title from title page screen, viewed February 22, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Steven A. Juliano (chair), Scott K. Sakaluk, Douglas W. Whitman, James V. Robinson, Angelo P. Capparella. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-144) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Leighton, Patrick. "Mongoose predation on sea turtle nests: linking behavioural ecology and conservation." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86646.

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The introduced small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is a widespread predator of sea turtle eggs and hatchlings in the Caribbean. I studied the behavioural ecology of mongoose predation on the nests of critically endangered hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Barbados. Combining short-term field experiments with seven years of hawksbill nesting data, I investigated how mongoose foraging behaviour, antipredator behaviour and landscape use explain the spatial and temporal patterns of sea turtle nest predation. An experiment combining artificial nests and predator tracking revealed a direct relationship between fine-scale variation in mongoose activity and nest predation risk. The combination of mongoose avoidance of open areas and the spatial distribution of hawksbill nests relative to patches of beach vegetation accurately predicted the observed peak in nest predation near the vegetation edge. Egg-burial depth by nesting hawksbills also affected predation risk, but this was primarily due to the increased digging effort required rather than any increase in nest concealment with depth. A second experiment with artificial nests confirmed the causal relationship between burial depth and predation risk and showed that substrate disturbance is a primary cue for nest detection by mongooses. At the landscape scale, mongooses tracked local nest abundance but showed a fine-scale negative response to human beach use, suggesting that human activity on nesting beaches may improve nest survival by deterring predators. Finally, an analysis of nest survival times showed that nests were most vulnerable to predation in first days following oviposition and that predation risk increased over the nesting season, providing a general framework for planning where and when predation reduction methods should be applied. I conclude that predation risk for sea turtle nests is likely to depend on: i) how predator nest-finding behaviour is modulated by nest characteristics s
La petite mangouste indienne (Herpestes javanicus) est une espèce introduite dans de nombreuses îles des Caraïbes et est un prédateur important des oeufs de tortues marines. J'ai étudié l'écologie comportementale de la prédation par les mangoustes sur les nids de tortue imbriquée (Eretmochelys imbricata), une espèce en danger critique d'extinction, à la Barbade. En combinant des études expérimentales de courte durée avec des données de prédation des nids de tortues imbriquées s'échelonnant sur sept années, j'ai investigué comment le comportement d'approvisionnement, le comportement anti-prédateur, et l'utilisation du paysage par les mangoustes expliquent les patrons spatiaux et temporels de la prédation des nids. Une étude expérimentale combinant des nids artificiels et une mesure passive de l'activité des prédateurs a démontré une relation directe entre la variation spatiale de l'activité des mangoustes et le risque de prédation des nids. Conjointement, l'évitement des espaces dépourvus de végétation sur la plage par les mangoustes et la distribution spatiale des nids de tortues imbriquées en fonction de la végétation ont prédit de manière précise le patron de prédation élevé observé dans la zone bordée de végétation. La profondeur des nids affectait également le risque de prédation mais avait peu d'influence sur la détection des nids par les mangoustes. L'effet relié à la profondeur était surtout dû à l'effort d'excavation supplémentaire. Une deuxième étude expérimentale utilisant des nids artificiels a confirmé la relation directe entre la profondeur des nids et la prédation, démontrant que la mangouste utilise la perturbation du sable créée lors de la ponte comme principal indice de détection des nids. A l'échelle du paysage, l'activité des mangoustes suivait la disponibilité des nids de tortues sur la plage. Cependant, il y avait une relation négative entre l'activité des mangoustes et l'u
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Books on the topic "Predation (Biology)"

1

J, Dumont H., Tundisi J. G, and Roche K, eds. Intrazooplankton predation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1990.

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Jędrzejewska, B. Predation in Vertebrate Communities: The Białowieża Primeval Forest as a Case Study. Berlin: New York, 1998.

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1965-, Kowalewski Michał, Kelley Patricia H, Geological Society of America, and Geological Society of America. Meeting, eds. The fossil record of predation. [Pittsburgh, PA]: Paleontological Society, 2002.

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Taylor, Iain R. Barn owls: Predator-prey relationships and conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Hoang, Van Lai. Predation on age-dependent prey population. Warsaw: Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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Crompton, John. The hunting wasp. New York, NY: N. Lyons Books, 1987.

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Ballard, Warren B. Ecology of an exploited wolf population in south-central Alaska. Blacksburg [VA]: The Wildlife Society, 1987.

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Smith, Christian A. Predator-induced limitations on deer population growth in southeastern Alaska. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, State of Alaska, Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Game, 1987.

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Haaland, Svein. Historia om mennesket og rovdyret. Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget, 2002.

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Smith, Christian A. Wolf-deer-habitat relationships in southeast Alaska. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, State of Alaska, Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Game, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Predation (Biology)"

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Ogren, Robert E. "Predation behaviour of land planarians." In Biology of Turbellaria and some Related Flatworms, 105–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0045-8_17.

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Papiǹska, Katarzyna. "The effect of fish predation on Cyclops life cycle." In Biology of Copepods, 449–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3103-9_50.

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Caramujo, Maria-José, M. Cristina Crispim, and Maria-José Boavida. "Assessment of the importance of fish predation versus copepod predation on life history traits of Daphnia hyalina." In Cladocera: the Biology of Model Organisms, 243–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4964-8_27.

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Černý, Martin, and Jiří Bytel. "Density and size distribution of Daphnia populations at different fish predation levels." In Biology of Cladocera, 199–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0918-7_19.

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Trathan, Philip N., and Simeon L. Hill. "The Importance of Krill Predation in the Southern Ocean." In Biology and Ecology of Antarctic Krill, 321–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29279-3_9.

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Ates, R. M. L. "Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes." In Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora, 305–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_44.

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Jankowski, Thomas. "Predation of freshwater jellyfish on Bosmina: the consequences for population dynamics, body size, and morphology." In Coelenterate Biology 2003, 521–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2762-8_59.

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Hoy, Ronald R. "The Evolution of Hearing in Insects as an Adaptation to Predation from Bats." In The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, 115–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2784-7_8.

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Lysebo, Elisabeth Müller. "Behavioural and morphological changes in polymorphic Daphnia related to different predation regimes." In Cladocera as Model Organisms in Biology, 185–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0021-2_21.

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Askenmo, Conny, and Raimo Neergaard. "Polygyny and Nest Predation in the Rock Pipit Do Females Trade Male Assistance Against Safety?" In Population Biology of Passerine Birds, 331–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75110-3_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Predation (Biology)"

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Ross, Alexandra, Katherine Moseby, Michael Letnic, and Daniel Blumstein. "Using in-situ predation to train a vulnerable prey species." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107277.

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Urban, J. D. "Pacific Cod Predation on Tanner Crab in Marmot Bay, Alaska." In Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.03.

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Gómez-Catasús, Julia, Adrián Barrero, Margarita Reverter, Daniel Bustillo-de la Rosa, Cristian Pérez-Granados, and Juan Traba. "Landscape changes associated to wind farm implementation increase predation on artificial ground-nests." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107679.

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Haapakoski, Marko, Janne Sundell, and Hannu Ylönen. "Habitat fragmentation and predation: Experiments with bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and least weasel (Mustela nivalis nivalis)." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107106.

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Xiao, Lingyun, Zhi Lu, and Charudutt Mishra. "The role of snow leopard predation in determine prey recruitment: a synthetic study of abiotic, bottom-up and top-down influences on the Tibetan Plateau." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107229.

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Lecuyer, Lou, Francois Rousseu, Zhiwen Zou, John Rogan, and Sophie Calme. "The effect of natural habitat and human activities on large cat’s predation risk in a tropical landscape: including spatial and temporal scales in a two-dimensional approach." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108170.

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Zagrebneva, A. D., and V. N. Govorukhin. "Spatial-temporal structures in the active predator-passive prey model." In Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics. Pushchino: IMPB RAS - Branch of KIAM RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/icmbb18.33.

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HERNANDEZ-MARTINEZ, ELISEO, HECTOR PUEBLA, TERESA PEREZ-MUNOZ, MARGARITA GONZALEZ-BRAMBILA, and JORGE X. VELASCO-HERNANDEZ. "SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF TELEGRAPH REACTION-DIFFUSION PREDATOR-PREY MODELS." In International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814520829_0016.

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Chowdhury, M. S. H., I. Hashim, S. Mawa, Kamel Ariffin Mohd Atan, and Isthrinayagy S. Krishnarajah. "Solution of prey-predator problem by multistage decomposition method." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY 2007: ICMB07. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2883848.

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Su, Min, and Zhenshan Lin. "Dynamical complexity in a predator-prey eco-epidemical system." In 2013 7th International Conference on Systems Biology (ISB). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isb.2013.6623784.

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Reports on the topic "Predation (Biology)"

1

Robards, Martin D., Mary F. Willson, Robert H. Armstrong, and John F. Piatt. Sand lance: a review of biology and predator relations and annotated bibliography. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-521.

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