Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Précurseurs – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Rondot, Benoît. "Synthèse biomimétique de précurseurs d'isoprostanes par carbocyclisation radicalaire." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20243.
Greber, Matthieu. "Synthèse de précurseurs hétéropolyanioniques réduits pour la catalyse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10165/document.
Heteropolyanions (HPA) have remarkable acidobasic and redox properties, which made of them attractive catalytic compounds. HPA can modify their sareduced states during catalytic processes, they also can be used to improve catalytic performances. In this context, this work presents various ways of reduced heteropolyanions synthesis descended from H4SiMo12O40 and H3PMo12O40 Keggin acids, allowing a reduction state control. 2 and 4 electrons reduced HPA’s have been obtained in solution or as various salts, by using reducing agents as MoCl3, H2N-NH2 and NaBH4 or electrolysis. New reduced compounds incorporating Sn or Ti in their structures have been isolated using metallic reducing agent like tin or titanium. Solution and solid state studies show that kinetic control of the reaction facilitates substituted species formation, in which one tin or titanium atoms can replace molybdenium atoms. In contrast, harder thermodynamic reactions conditions induce the formation of tin or titanium capped compounds. 2 news mono capped ((IV)α[SiMo12O40Sn(OH2)2]4-, (TBA+)4 ) and bi capped ((IV)α[SiMo12O40(SnO)2]4-, (TBA+)4 ) structures have been described by mono cristal DRX. A catalytic opening HDS study is also proposed, showing a best sulfuration of the pre reduced species, particularly capped species
Sodreau, Alexandre. "Design de précurseurs organométalliques et synthèse contrôlée de nano-objets de germaniure de fer." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30290/document.
Controlled synthesis of nano-alloys of iron germanide has gained a renewed interest thanks to the recent discovery of new applications in the field of information storage. However, the chemistry of the iron-germanium pair is a complex chemistry that remains little studied. The work presented in this thesis combines molecular chemistry and nano-object chemistry to explore the potential of single-source precursors for solution synthesis, in soft conditions, of iron germanium NPs. First, we focused on the formation of new complexes with an amidinatogermylene-type architecture offering a balance between the stabilization of complexes and their decomposition temperatures, for example mono-germylene iron complexes {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeCl}Fe(CO)4 and {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeHMDS}Fe(CO)4 or the bis-germylene iron complex {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeCl}2Fe(CO)3. In a second step, we show that this method represents a path of choice to reach the formation of nano-alloys of iron germanide and that the architecture of the mono-source precursors allows to control the final nanoparticles. In particular, the decomposition at 200°C. of the {[iPrNC(tBu)NiPr]GeHMDS}Fe(CO)4 complex leads to the formation of Fe3,2Ge2 spherical nanoparticles, with a mean diameter of 6.5 ± 0.8 nm, exhibiting a ferromagnetic behavior
Grosshans, Vièles Sarah. "Nanoparticules dérivant de précurseurs moléculaires dans des solides mésoporeux : synthèse et propriétés." Mulhouse, 2007. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/nanoparticules-derivant-de-precurseurs-moleculaires-dans-des-solides-mesoporeux-synthese-et-propriet/BUS4012223.
The organized mesoporous silica (OMS) have many properties, making them excellent candidates as supports of nanoparticles dispersed in matrices. In particular, their regular porosity (site and arrangément) should favor the formation of nanoparticles with narrow size distributions and spatially well dispersed in the pares/charnels of the matrix. The aim of this PhD is to generate metallic nanoparticles into mesoporous silica matrices having controlled and organized porosity (OMS type MCM-41 or SBA-15) or without (xerogel). Our strategy consisted in the incorporation of molecular metallic precureurs in the pores of the silica matrix using varions methods and Men in generating metallic nanoparticles by reduction under controlled atmosphere. In a first part, the elaboration of OMS type MCM-41 materials with cobalt was carried out by direct synthesis using cobalt soap combined with C16TMABr, templating agent which is usually used for the synthesis of MCM-41. The cell parameter and the pores' sire of the samples depend on the amount of cobalt soap incorporaed. Indeed, the cobalt soap behaves like a co-surfactant in the synthesis of these samples, sine it forms with C16TMABr mixed micelles. Alter a suitable reducing heat traatment on calcined samples, cobalt nanoparticles were formed. In a second part, methods of incorporation by impregnation or grafting during a post-synthesis treatment of the cobalt cluster Co4(CO)Io(µ-NH(PPh2)2) were studied. These two methods lead to the formation of the Co2P phase. However, the conditions of heat traatment implemented did not result in nanoparticles confined into OMS. In a last part, bimetallic palladiummolybdenum clusters were incorporated by impregnation in two silica matrices ordered or rot. A suitable heat traaement led in botte cases to the formation of nanoparticles of new bimetallic phase (PdI,7Moo44P). The use of OMS matrix type SBA-15 materials, brings about formation of particles confined and dispersed in the pores of the mesoporous hosts. However, luger particles are obtained in the case of a xerogel matrix, featuring polydisperse and disordered pores
Chapelon, Anne-Sophie. "Chimie des allylsilanes et application à la synthèse de précurseurs de la vitamine D3." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30078.
This work deals with the reactivity of allylsilanes and their use in the synthesis of vitamin D3 precursors. The first chapter depicts reactions between 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2-butene and various substituted aromatic aldehydes leading to the corresponding vinylallylbenzenes. This part also reviews the synthetic scope of 1,8-bis(trimethylsilyl)-octa-2,6-diene (BISTRO) involved in the synthesis of divinylcyclopentanes which were used as building blocks for the preparation of vitamin D3, precursors. The second chapter reviews various works related to the synthesis of vitamin D3, precursors. In this part, we have prepared a fulvene derivative of cycle A as well as a parent compound of bicycle CD threw 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition. Finally, we have achieved the enantioselective synthesis of a sulfonyl derivative of bicycle CD. Functionalisation studies were then conducted on its side chain
Moutou, Gillian. "Chimie de l'acide cyanhydrique à partir d'un rejet industriel : synthèse des glycolonitriles, aminoacétonitrile, polyoxamide et précurseurs." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20217.
Soumare, Yaghoub. "Synthèse et organisation de nanoparticules magnétiques anisotropes par Chimie Douce : nouveaux précurseurs pour aimants permanents." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077184.
Anisotropic magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared via chimie douce methods by raduction of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) carboxylate precursors in basic solutions of 1,2-propanediol at 170°C using heterogeneous nucléation. With acatates as matal precursors, Co₈₀Ni₂₀ nanowires with a mean diameter of 8 nm and a mean length more than 200 nm were generated. The use of new cobalt carboxylate precursors led to Co nanorods with a mean diameter of 20 nm and a mean length of 100 nm. Moreover, the aspect ratio (mean length / mean diameter) can be tailored by modifying accurately the reaction parameters such as the nature of the metallic precursor, the basicity of the medium or the temperature rate. The metallic Co₈₀Ni₂₀ nanowires and Co nanorods crystallise mainly with the hexagonal close packed structure with the c axis the growth axis of the particle. These nanomaterials are ferromagnetic at room temperature and when aligned using an external magnetic field, their magnetic properties are considerably improved. These results prompt us to use these particles as building blocks for the preparation of a new class of permanent magnets
Chevrie, David. "Alpha-fluorosulfures et alpha-fluorosulfoxydes, précurseurs appropriés à la synthèse de fluoroalcènes (Z)." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2068.
Inguimbert, Nicolas. "Synthèse et réactivité d'ylures et diylures de cyanamides phosphorés, de leurs dérivés guanidines précurseurs de phosphatriazines." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20050.
Herrera, Martinez Juan Manuel. "Octacyanométallates précurseurs de systèmes moléculaires de dimension contrôlée : synthèse, structure et magnétisme." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066155.
Selambarom, Jimmy. "Cycloadduits 1,3-N,X précurseurs de vecteurs de principe actif : mécanisme de cyclisation, effet anomère, élaboration de synthons polymérisables." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20016.
Tintori, Guillaume. "Donneurs d'électrons organiques : synthèse de nouveaux précurseurs stables à l’air et applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0585.
Enamine-based Organic Electron Donors (OEDs) are attracting attention as a serious alternative to metal or organic dye photocatalysts. They spontaneously promote single- (SET) or double electron-transfers (DET) to challenging substrates. However, organic reducers are unstable at air and/or elusive, so they rapidly decompose, and lose their reducing abilities. To deal with this issue, we developed several new strategies using carboxylate adducts as air-stable OED-precursors. The 4-(dimethylamino)-1-methylpyridinium-2-carboxylate DMAP-Me-CO2 and the 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolium-2-carboxylate BzIMe-CO2 were efficiently in situ decarboxylated under thermal- (150°C) and water-activation (5% H2O/1,4-dioxane), respectively, to generate the corresponding di-pyridin-2-ylidene and di-1,3-dimethylbenzimidazolin-2-ylidene. These two OEDs promote the reduction of various polyfunctionalized aryl iodide and sulfone derivatives. The multiple strategies ensure the OED-practicality without affecting theirs reactivities.The development of new precursors also led us to trihalogenated isoquinolinium adducts Iso-CCl3 and Iso-CF3. Activable under visible light or UV-irradiation, these air-stables precursors induce the formation of radical intermediates or excited reducing state, respectively, able to promote the radical polymerisation of various monomers. The reduction by electron transfer of benzyl bromide and aryl iodide is also accessible with the trifluoromethyl adduct
Serhani, Driss. "Synthèse de nouveaux précurseurs de type tétrathiafulvalène utilisables dans les domaines de la microlithographie et des matériaux organiques conducteurs." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20302.
Chakroune, Said. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux matériaux organiques issus de précurseurs du type tétrachalcogénofulvalènes fonctionnalisés." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20123.
Couve-Bonnaire, Samuel. "Synthèse de dérivés pyridiniques fonctionnalisés-cétones, cétoamides et cétoesters-par réaction de carbonylation de précurseurs halogènes." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-163-164.pdf.
Une fois encore, les résultats dépendent des paramètres expérimentaux et plus particulièrement de la nature du précurseur catalytique et de la position du motif halogéné sur le cycle hétéroaromatique. Les meilleurs résultats sont obtenus en synthèse d'alpha-cétoamides, néanmoins les séléctivités en composé dicarbonylé, cétoamides ou coesters, sont les plus élevées rapportées pour ce type de composés. La dernière partie de nos travaux est consacrée à la réduction asymétrique des dérivés d'acides pyridyglyoxyliques synthétisés précédemment par deux méthodes différentes : l'hydrogénation asymétrique et la réduction par agent stoechiométrique. L'influence néfaste du noyau pyridinique sur la réaction a été évaluée
Milani, Roberto. "Matériaux à base de phosphazènes chlorés pour la fonctionnalisation de surface, la synthèse de précurseurs monomères et la chimie supramoléculaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10013/document.
To the research described in this thesis two principal topics of studies have been performed: - the use ofhexachlorocyc1otriphosphazene (HCCP) and poly(dichlorophosphazène) (PDCP) as coupling agents for the surface functionalization of solid substrates (inorganic materials containing organic silicon and polymerie materials), - The synthesis of phosphazenic compounds as new materials exhibiting the supramolecular structures
El, Khokh Norddine. "Synthèse, réactivité et caractérisation de précurseurs moléculaires de matériaux de haute pureté : alcoxydes des terres rares (lanthane, cérium) et du cuivre (II)." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4392.
Planeix, Jean-Marc. "Synthèse de précurseurs de carbure et de carbonitrure de silicium : étude de leur céramisation." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20089.
Hajri, Ahmed Houssemeddin. "Chimie de l'isocyanate de chlorosulfonyle et applications aux biomolécules : A-Peptides latents, synthèse, structure et réactivité. B-N-hydroxylsulfamides analogues de l'hydroxylurée." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20062.
Javidan, Azarang. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux matériaux organiques cristallins conducteurs issus de précurseurs de type tétrachalcogénofulvalène." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20128.
Larcher, Dominique. "Nouvelles voies de synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux d'électrodes positives pour accumulateurs au lithium." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0118.
Heuclin, Hadrien. "Les dianions géminés comme précurseurs pour la synthèse de complexes carbéniques de métaux de transition." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/76/12/54/PDF/hadrien_heuclin.pdf.
Recently, a new method for the synthesis of carbene complexes of transition metal has been developed. The strategy consists in bringing the four electrons of the metal-carbon double bond by the carbene fragment. In this respect the use of geminal dianions, species in which the central carbon bears two lone pairs, incorporating σ4-P groups has been a major breakthrough. The use of these dianions has allowed the synthesis of many carbene complexes of transition metal, rare earths, lanthanides and actinides. The first aim of this doctoral work was to extend the coordination study of known dianions. Thus, new carbene complexes have been synthesized. These complexes have been studied theoretically in order to clarify the nature of the metal-carbon bond. Then, we have shown that carbene complexes of group 4 metal centers synthesized by our method could act as stoichiometric transfer agents of the carbene moiety. This method allows the synthesis of new complexes unavailable by the dianion route. The second aim of this work was to extend the number of accessible dianions. The stability of such species highly depends on the choice of the substituents at the phosphorous atoms and the synthesis of such species requires accurate experimental procedures. Three new dianions have been synthesized and characterized. The stabilization of the lone pair at the central carbon has been studied in each case. The first results on the coordination chemistry of these species are also presented. Finally, the activation of B-H bonds by carbenoid species obtained by oxidation of our dianions is reported
Heuclin, Hadrien. "Les dianions géminés comme précurseurs pour la synthèse de complexes carbéniques de métaux de transition." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00761254.
Sabil, Samia. "Stratégies dans l'élaboration et la cyclisation de précurseurs de cyclodepsipeptides naturels de la famille des destruxines." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20032.
Xemard, Mathieu. "Synthèse d’assemblages multimétalliques de lanthanides : des propriétés électroniques des précurseurs divalents au contrôle de leur réactivité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX055/document.
Divalent lanthanide chemistry has long been hampered by the lack of adapted precursors. This work is therefore focussing on the preparation of new divalent lanthanides precursors and their use in small molecule activation for building new materials.Triflate precursors were prepared and their solution properties were studied. ith their multiple coordination modes, triflate anions were shown to favour assemblies growth.Another type of precursor was also prepared: the lanthanidocene. Although organometallic chemistry of lanthanide is often known for the poor control of the complexes symmetry, a 9-membered ligand allowed the preparation of the "true" divalent ytterbocene and samarocene.The electronic properties of divalent lanthanides complexes are poorly known. The prepared thulium (II) precursors were therefore extensively studied. The influence of the symmetry on electronic properties was caracterised and a well-chosen set of ligands was proven to enable interesting magnetic properties such as single-molecule-magnet behaviour.The last part of this work focused on the reactivity of these precursors towards small molecules. Assemblies were grown from the reactivity of divalent samarium with carbon dioxide or yellow sulfur. On one of the obtained assemblies, supramolecular chemistry was carried out, progressively bridging the gap between molecules and materials
Filali, Yasmine. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de composés unidimensionnels hétérométalliques magnétiques." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066141.
Le, heiget Guillaume. "Conception de tétrasaccharides orthogonalement protégés, précurseurs d’antigènes représentatifs d’une sélection de sérotypes de shigella flexneri." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD043.
Diarrhoeal diseases are the second cause of death among children under five. Shigella flexneri enterobacteria are the main causative agents of the endemic form of shigellosis, a diarrhoeal disease of high prevalence in developing countries and one for which numerous vaccine strategies are under studied. The polysaccharide part (O-antigen, O-Ag) of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide is a major target of protective immunity against reinfection. A large variety of O-Ags, expressing serotypic diversity, has been identified. Interestingly, these O-Ags differ by the nature of the substitutions occurring on the ABCD tetrasaccharide, which defines their common backbone. In order to develop a synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine with broad serotype coverage against S. flexneri, highly convergent synthetic strategies towards orthogonally protected analogs of tetrasaccharide ABCD were investigated, while taking into account serotype-specific -D-glucosylation and O-acetylation sites. The selected approaches feature the synthesis of a variety of suitable L-rhamnopyranose and 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosamine precursors and their optimized combinations. The concept is supported by selected examples of 1,2-cis chemical and/or enzymatic glucosylation
Brondani, Dalci José. "Nouveaux réactifs de trialcoxysilylation. Utilisation pour la synthèse de précurseurs de composés hypervalents et de polymères et matériaux hybrides organominéraux." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20027.
Nabokoff, Pierre. "Synthèses de précurseurs organiques de radicaux hétéroatomiques pour la préparation de matériaux hybrides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/201218_NABOKOFF_575sxytx526xlluw827l449jumhkc_TH.pdf.
The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the nanocofinement on the behaviour of organic substrates embedded in mesoporous silicas. This research hinged on two parts. The first study focused on the efficiency of the fragmentation reaction of confined alkoxyamines, under thermal or photochemical activation. Thanks to the comparison with the very same reactions in solution, the quantitative EPR measurements showed that the confinement of organic precursors had no effect on the efficiency of these reactions. Secondly, organic-inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized. These mesoporous silicas were functionalized with diazene radical precursors. Upon 360 nm irradiation, they generated heteroatomic radicals. Different materials were prepared, including one which enabled to form a face-to-face pair of different radicals, i.e. an aryloxyl radical in front of an arylsulfanyl radical. Studies carried out by continuous and pulsed wave EPR enabled to highlight the high stability of these confined paramagnetic species and to measure their relaxation times
Lescouëzec, Rodrigue. "Synthèse, structure et propriètés magnétiques de complexes à pont cyanure et oxalate de dimension variable." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066535.
Lamaa, Diana. "Conception, synthèse et vectorisation de molécules apparentées à l'isocombrétastatine A-4 : Exploration de nouvelles réactivites des composés diazo-précurseurs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS448.
The thesis reports the synthesis and vectorization of combretastatin A-4 analogues, a natural molecule known for its anti-vascular and cytotoxic properties. Our research work is at the chemistry-biology interface.On the first hand, synthetic methodology studies were performed, indeed coupling reactions between diazo-precursors and haloarenes or amines have been carried out providing new and interesting synthethic tools. These studies led to the synthesis of 2-pyridylalkylamines from pyridotriazole and amines, as well as to the synthesis of the 1,1-diarylethylene compounfs via a green reaction and finally to access to the benzofuran ring through a one-pot fashion reaction ".On the other hand, dual targeting analogs of isocombretastatin A-4 with tubulin and histone deacetylases inhibition properties have been developed. The biological evaluation of these analogs allowed us to identify two lead molecules whose antiproliferative activities on cancer cell lines are in the order of nanomolar. These molecules showed an excellent tubulin polymerization and histone deacetylase 8 inhibitions.Finally, vectorization assays of some isoCA-4 analogs using liposomes or ADCs were performed
Boury, Bruno. "Nouveaux précurseurs chimiques de céramiques : synthèses, caractérisations et traitements thermiques." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20230.
George, Nicolas. "Étude de la synthèse totale de tétrahydroisoquinoléines naturelles : quinocarcine, Tétrazomine et Lémonomycine. : rapide accés aux α-amidosulfures et leur utilisation en tant que précurseurs de N-acylimines dans la réaction de Friedel-Crafts." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980348.
Morvan, Didier. "Synthèses de sels d'imidazolium fonctionnalisés précurseurs de carbènes N-hétérocycliques et applications en chimie organométallique." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2020.
Imidazolium salts have singular chemical properties and are widely used in organic or organometallic chemistry. This organic salt which has been employed as an excellent Nheterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor. N-Heterocyclic carbene ligands are widely used in organometallic chemistry for its well-known σ-donor properties and interestingly the incorporation of functionality is possible on the nitrogen atoms. In the first part of my PhD thesis, we developed, following a methodologic approach, the synthesis of functionalised imidazolium salts. New methods or simplified methods have been identified to produce imidazolium salts with a wide range of fonctions. The second aspect of this PhD thesis, has concern the exploration of the coordination properties of the new functionalised imidazolium salt, to design models of hydrogenase (hydrogenases are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reduction of protons to dihydrogen at very high rates) and to study the hemilability of these new ligands on rhodium complexes
Belval, Florence. "Cyclisations radicalaires séquentielles d'éthers silylés allyliques Bêta-fonctionnalisés. Application à la synthèse régio- et stéréospécifique d'un précurseur d'isoprostanes." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20135.
Galiyeva, Perizat. "Doped Ag-In-Zn-S and Ag-In-Ga-Zn-S QDs : synthesis and potential as dual-modality probes for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging of cells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0118.
Since fluorescence imaging (FI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are among the most effective diagnostic tools, QDs with fluorescent and magnetic properties are of great interest as dual-modal probes. In this work, undoped and doped Ag-In-Zn-S (AIZS) and Ag-In-Ga-Zn-S (AIGZS) QDs were synthesized and investigated as bimodal probes for FI and MRI. Highly fluorescent AIZS QDs were prepared in organic media using DDT and OAm as capping ligands. Mn:AIZS QDs showed paramagnetic and superparamagnetic properties. AIZS and Mn:AIZS QDs were also transferred into aqueous phase using the amphiphilic PMAO polymer. Further, Mn, Gd or Fe-doped AIZS QDs were prepared in aqueous media, showed low cytotoxicity toward KB cells, and demonstrated potential as fluorescent probes for FI. Finally, AIGZS and Mn:AIGZS QDs, synthesized via a novel single precursor thermal decomposition method, showed high fluorescence and paramagnetic/superparamagnetic properties. Mn-doped aqueous transferred AIGZS QDs increased contrast in both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images with increasing in Mn loading
Garnier, Anaïs. "Platine sur silice : exemples réussis de synthèse par voie organométallique pour la catalyse hétérogène : validation par l'adsorption et la réactivité du CO." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF040/document.
Organometallic chemistry resonates with homogeneous catalysis, and surface chemistry with heterogeneous catalysis. But the frontier between these two fields is very thin. In the 90’s, these fields approached each other and led to the development of a new science: organometallic surface chemistry, which underlines their complementarity. The goal of this science, with which this work is associated, is to create heterogeneous catalysts from organometallic compounds. Our goal is to contribute to the understanding of platinum nanoparticle formation - platinum being an important metal in heterogeneous catalysis - onto amorphous silica supports, thanks to organometallic chemistry. During this work, various Pt/SiO2 catalysts were prepared fromthree platinum precursors: the classical one, H2PtIVCl6.xH2O and two organometallic compounds PtII(η 4-C8H12)Cl2 et Pt0(η2-C7H10)3, and involved three supports: a commercial silica (Davison), a mesoporous silica SBA-15 synthesized in the laboratory, and a natural silica, the diatomite. Moreover, the study of the standard platinum reference catalyst “EuroPt-1” lead to the development of a methodology of operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) of carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption on the different sites of a platinum nanoparticle. Catalysts prepared from Pt0(η 2-C7H10)3 are more active than EuroPt-1 for the CO oxidation reaction, and this work shows the potential of organometallic precursors in the domain of heterogeneous catalysis
Laroche, Benjamin. "Synthèse totale d'un précurseur biomimétique des chalasines polycyliques et développement d'une méthodologie de photooxygénation bioinspirée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066267/document.
The late-stage oxygenation of natural products has been investigated on two studies templates: the polycyclic chalasans, the main topic of this thesis, and onto resinic diterpenes. Concerning the polycyclic chalasans, the envisaged synthetic targets were trichoderone A and trichodermone, two fungal secondary metabolites recently isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma gamsii. In addition to their fascinating structures, these chalasans showed a moderate inhibition against human tumor HeLa cell line, which makes them very attractive for total synthesis. Based on the biosynthesis of PKS-NRPS compounds, the retrosynthetic studies of trichoderone A and trichodermone suggested the possibility of a common biomimetic precursor through bioinspired oxygenations frequently occurring in vivo. This thesis developed the total synthesis of this biomimetic precursor including the development of a new ring-closing enyne metathesis methodology, followed by a [3,3] Ireland-Claisen rearrangement. The construction of the polycyclic skeleton is based on an intramolecular Diels-Alder strategy, affording the desired precursor. Encouraging preliminary results have also been described towards the access to the natural chalasans trichoderone A and trichodermone, which have never been synthesized so far. On the subject of resinic diterpenes, a new bioinspired photooxygenation methodology has been developed. Thanks to a simple and efficient experimental set-up, photooxygenation reactions coupled with Hock and Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangements allowed the formation of already isolated natural products, as well as novel molecules exhibiting promising antibacterial activities
Lerouge, Frédéric. "Auto-organisation des matériaux hybrides organique inorganique : influence de la géométrie du précurseur et des paramètres de synthèse." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20144.
Tran, Dinh Phong. "Synthèse et caractérisation de précurseurs de cuivre, or et iridium et études des dépôts de films métalliques correspondants par CVD pour des applications en microélectronique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112248.
A novel series of fluorine free copper (I) precursors, (b-diketonate)Cu(L) (L = BTMSA or TMSP), has been synthesized by acid-base reaction and characterized. Of these precursors, (5-methyl-2,4-hexanedionate)Cu(BTMSA) and (5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedionate)Cu(BTMSA) are the most interested ones. Use of these precursors, the continuous, pure and electrically conducting copper thin films were grown on Ta/TaN from 170°C with high deposition rates (50 nm/min). AuCl(PF3) has been also evaluated for Au thermal CVD in this work. This inorganic precursor was used in solid form (with a conventional bubbler) as well as in a solution with toluene solvent (use of a liquid delivery system). Use of H2 as co-reactant gas, continuous and pure gold metallic thin films were deposited on Ta/TaN from 110°C. The impact of carrier gas nature (N2, H2) and deposition temperature on the precursor deposition reaction as well as on the properties of grown gold films has been investigated. [IrCl(PF3)2]2 has been used, for the first time in this work, as iridium source for Ir CVD. This inorganic precursor is very volatile but unstable. Hence, in this work, we have synthesized this precursor "in-situ" in the CVD reactor from IrCl(PF3) which is more stable and experimental. Under N2 carrier gas, compact, conformal and highly pure iridium thin films were grown on SiO2/Si from 240°C. We have also studied the influence of carrier gas nature (N2, H2, or O2) as well as the deposition temperature on the growth of iridium films
Abada, Valérie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de fluoroalcoxydes volatils de cérium (IV), de pinacolates homométalliques de niobium (V) et hétérométalliques "Ce-M"(M=Ti,Nb) et de précurseurs moléculaires de matériaux hybrides." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20232.
Mohamed-Hachi, Abdourahman. "Synthèse d'éthers de diénols phosphoniques et de leurs précurseurs carbonylés. Etude de leur réactivite dans des réactions de polyvinylogation et de cycloaddition [4+2]." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES058.
Prat, Laurence. "Synthèse asymétrique de composés gem-diarylméthanes, précurseurs de molécules d'interêt biologique, sous l'influence d'un ligand chiral, la (-)-spartéine, ou d'un agent de protonation chiral." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES060.
Tran, Dinh Phong. "Synthèse et caractérisation de précurseurs de cuivre, or et iridium et études des dépots de films métalliques correspondants par CVD pour des applications en microelectronique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281390.
Kempf, Julie. "Synthèse de précurseurs et assemblages supramoléculaires : études de leurs propriétés de transport transmembranaire." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18434.
The development of compounds able to transport molecules through cellular membranes is an emerging area of chemistry and biochemistry. Several diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, are the result of a dysfunction of chloride and bicarbonate transport across cellular membranes. In the last few years, new families of synthetic transmembrane transporters were developed in order to restore chloride transport. However, the synthesis of supramolecular systems for the transport of large molecules from one side to the other one of the lipid bilayer remains a challenge. Herein we present two different systems: one for chloride transport and a second one that combines the transport of ions and biologically active macrocycles through cellular membranes. We first present the anionophoric potential of benzimidazole derivatives. Mechanistic studies were conducted on 2,4,7-triphenylbenzimidazole to determine its self-assembly in a phospholipid membrane and its capacity to transport anions. Two analogues possessing metal coordination sites were also developed and studied for their anion transport properties, as well for the formation of metal-organic assemblies. These complexes were studied in bacterial membranes for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth and to reduce the tolerance of a resistant strain to antibiotics. In the second part of this thesis, we present the use of umbrella compounds that are able to change their conformation depending on the polarity of the environment. The synthesis and characterization of a new umbrella thread and its dimer are reported in this section. Their ability to transport anions through liposomal membranes or their insertion into more complex bacterial membranes are studied. The first attempts to assemble rotaxanes with the umbrella compounds and an active macrocycle are presented.
Duchamp, Edouard. "Nouvelles exploitations des tétrazoles comme précurseurs en synthèse organique: accès aux morpholines, cyanamides et produits naturels." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25560.
Nitrogen-containing rings are core entities in the living world. This theme is conveyed in the manuscript through tetrazoles and morpholines. Morpholines are saturated azacycles possessing numerous physico-chemical and structural properties, which makes them a motif of interest in medicinal chemistry. The impact of morpholines is even more important as pharmaceutical industries try to avoid overuse of unsaturated rings in favor of saturated motifs that allow for more complex structures in the three dimensions. Therefore, development of new methods to access morpholines is an ongoing activity in many laboratories. The approach presented herein relies on the hydride reduction of oxabicyclic tetrazoles to morpholines. A detailed mechanism of the reductive cleavage of the tetrazole unit is presented. Cyanamides are endowed with an ambident electronic character that adds value to this functional group. They are widely used in drug design as covalent inhibitors. Even though cyanamides were discovered in late 19th century, their synthesis has traditionally relied on the cyanation of amines using toxic cyanide reagents. 1-Substituted 5-metalotetrazoles undergo rapid cycloreversion releasing dinitrogen and forming N-metalated cyanamide salts. The salts can be isolated or alkylated in situ, providing a new method for accessing cyanamides without the use of cyanide reagents. The obtained cyanamides could be subjected to an addition reaction with organolithium reagents, thereby yielding novel amidines. The alkaloid Polygonapholine is a 2,6-disubstituted morpholine isolated in 1997. The reported structure has never been confirmed, nor has the natural product been synthesized in the laboratory. Efforts towards its total synthesis and stereochemical confirmation is presented in the last chapter of the thesis.
Rahem, Neel. "Synthèses de précurseurs carbonylés γ, δ - insaturés via un réarrangement de Claisen [3,3] : vers une nouvelle voie de synthèses d'acides aminés non naturels." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3394/1/M11487.pdf.