Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Précurseurs des cellules dendritiques'
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Bêchetoille, Nicolas. "Les monocytes, précurseurs des cellules dendritriques cutanées : utilisation en génie cellulaire et tissulaire." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10180.
Full textKwan, Wing Hong. "Le rôle des cellules mono-macrophagiques dermiques CD14+ dans la régulation de l'immunité." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066516.
Full textThe role of CD14+ dermal cells in the immune system remains poorly understood due to the lack of in vitro model. We developped a CD14+ dermal cells population by the use of M-CSF and demonstrted that these cells are Dendritic Cells precursors (preDCs). Indeed the preDCs differentiated into dermal DCs in presence of GM-CSF and into Langerhans Cells with additional TGF. PreDCs can secrete the anti-inflammtory cytokine IL-10 upon LPS stimulation. This endogenous IL-10 can inhibit their own maturation and the bystander activation of DCs and T lymphocytes. As preDCs express DC-SIGN, they are permissive to HIV and Dengue virus infection. These results suggest that preDCs show a cellular plasticity and can inhibit the local inflammation. However, they can be targets of pathogens and could participate to viral escape
Rougier-Larzat, Nathalie. "Différenciation et fonction des cellules dendritiques générées in vitro à partir de précurseurs CD34+ du sang de cordon ombilical : modèle in vitro de sensibilisation de contact." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T252.
Full textLetscher, Hélène. "Étude des propriétés régulatrices d’une population de précurseurs de cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes conditionnée par le CpG dans le cadre de réponses auto-immune et allogénique Innate activation primes bone marrow plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors for tolerance Rôle protecteur des CpG-pre-pDC dans le cadre d’une réponse allogénique : la maladie du greffon contre l’hôte." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2171&f=13417.
Full textHematopoietic progenitors can sense innate signals. Their early education by such signals within the bone marrow, prior to their egress, may have considerable impact on the outcome of immune responses. While mature plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are known to either aggravate or ameliorate disease both auto-immune and allogeneic, it remains unknown whether immune regulatory function can be stably imprinted at the precursor stage in the pDC lineage onwards. We herein investigated whether activation with the oligonucleotide CpG, a Toll-like receptor-9 agonist, confers to bone marrow pDC precursors (CpG-prepDCs) characterized by the c-kit+Sca-1+B220intPDCA-1+ phenotype the capacity to protect against two kinds of murine immune pathologies: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis which is an autoimmune disease and graft versus host disease (GVHD), an allogeneic response. We demonstrate that the adoptive transfer of relatively low number of CpG-pre-pDCs (80.000 in EAE and 200.000 in GVHD) was able to clinically reduce both diseases. Interestingly, CpG-pre-pDCs migrated to the spinal cord in EAE and to the spleen in GVHD where their progeny retained a relatively immature pDC phenotype. In EAE, the progeny of CpG-pre-pDCs massively produces IL-27 and TGFß and moderately GM-CSF. In the inflamed central nervous system, the progeny switches the immune response of infiltrating CD4+ T cells from pro-inflammatory (IFNy+ GM-CSF+ IL-17+) to anti-inflammatory (TGFß+, IL-27+, IL-17-, GM-CSFlo). The key role of TGFß and IL-27 was assessed using precursors incapacitated for the production of each of those cytokines. These experiments demonstrated that the two soluble factors acted sequentially: TGFß ensures early phases of the immunomodulation mediated by the CpG-pre-pDC while IL-27 is required for later protection. In GVHD, the mechanisms of protection are different yet similar in some ways. As for EAE, the progeny of CpG-pre-pDCs is still able to produce TGFß but this time in combination with IL-12, another cytokine from the IL-27 family. Additionally, those cells were able to reduce the IL-17 production by both pathogenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The human equivalent of CpG-pre-pDC could be a new therapeutic tool in patients with multiple sclerosis or graft versus host disease either per se or enriched in the hematopoietic stem cell transfer already implemented to treat those two immune conditions
Niveau, Camille. "Impact des glycans tumoraux sur les propriétés phénotypiques, fonctionnelles et métaboliques des cellules dendritiques (cDC2, pDC, cDC1) humaines en contexte de mélanome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALV022.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs), mostly consisting of BDCA1+ cDC2s, BDCA3+ cDC1s, and BDCA2+ pDCs are the conductors of immune responses. Their plasticity plays a crucial role in the orientation of immune responses, especially in the context of cancer. However, escape from immune surveillance is a key step for tumor development. In the context of melanoma, tumor-infiltrating and circulating DCs harbor an altered functionality, negatively linked with the clinical outcome of patients. The mechanisms employed by melanoma to modulate immunity are only partially deciphered. Immuno-metabolism emerges as a decisive factor for the orientation of immune responses in cancer. In parallel, tumor cells display aberrant glycans on surface protein and lipids that can be recognized by lectin receptors, expressed by DCs. Among them, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are crucial for DCs’ plasticity and the modeling of immune responses, and their expression is perturbed on DCs from melanoma patients. In addition, the tumor cells’ glycocode correlates with DC function and clinical outcome of patients. Nevertheless, influence of the various glycosylation motifs on immunity remains unknown in melanoma.We investigated the interactions of DC subsets with six glycans present on the surface of melanoma tumor cells (Gal, Man, GalNAc, s-Tn, Fuc, GlcNAc). We analyzed the effect of these glycans on the phenotype (activation status, immune checkpoints (ICP)), and the function (cytokines/chemokines) of DCs. In order to better understand DCs dysregulation in melanoma, we explored their metabolism among patients thanks to the SCENITH technique, and analyzed the correlation with their phenotype, their function and the clinical outcome of patients. We also assessed the impact of tumor cells and their glycocode on DCs’ metabolism, and we evaluated the possibility to modulate metabolic pathways with the aim of reverting the impact of glycans on DCs’ function.DCs are able to interact with and to internalize the studied glycans, at different intensities according to the DC subset and to the nature of the glycan. Fucose induces a remodeling of ICP expression and increases activation molecules, in addition to trigger the secretion of pro-inflammatory and pro-tumoral cytokines/chemokines. After activation, DC’s secretome is completely reshaped by glycan exposure, particularly with fucose. In parallel, we highlight major metabolic disturbances in DCs from patients’ blood and tumor compared to healthy donors. The expression of activation markers and ICPs by DCs as well as the clinical outcome of patients are linked with the metabolic profile of DCs. Moreover, DCs’ metabolism in co-culture with melanoma cells correlates with the expression of particular tumor glycans. Coherently, the studied glycans directly modulate DCs’ metabolism in addition to their phenotype and function. The blockade of the MCT-1 lactate transporter allows restoring DCs’ function altered by glycans.This study unveils the importance of glycan motifs in the modulation and regulation of DCs. The glycan-lectin-DC axis emerges as a new immune checkpoint in melanoma, linked with metabolism, and which could enable the restoration of anti-tumor immunity by preventing DC-glycan interactions or by acting on their metabolism. This axis opens the way for the development of new therapeutic strategies with the aim of improving clinical success for melanoma patients
Misery, Laurent. "Précurseurs des cellules de Langerhans." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T020.
Full textMohty, Mohamad. "Cellules dendritiques et leucémies myéloi͏̈des." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20692.
Full textBen, Mami-Tabka Naïra. "Cellules dendritiques et leucémies lymphoïdes." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20656.
Full textFrikeche, Jihane. "Cellules dendritiques et drogues immunomodulatrices." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b109d18c-8903-48ef-8352-d0a4c531d561.
Full textThere is growing evidence for the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of cancer and autoimmune diseases. In most cases, the precise mechanism is not known, however, DNA hypomethylation and histone acetylation are commonly observed and have shown effects on the immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) are the professional antigen presenting cells that play a major role in the immune system. Thus, we thought it was important to assess the impact of two immunomodulatory drugs used in the routine clinic, namely the hypomethylating agent, 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA). The effects of these drugs were measured on phenotype and function of human monocyte-derived DC. In addition to its impact on DC maturation and secretion of IL-10 and IL-27, we observed an increase of Th17 response in patients treated with 5-AZA. On the other hand, VPA, significantly altered the phenotype and function of mature DC resulting in a decreased expression of costimulatory molecules, and decreased secretion of IL-12p70, IL-10, and IL-23. Consequently, the secretion of IFNγ by CD4+ T cells (Th1 profile) was also reduced suggesting a decreased of allo-stimulatory capacity of DC treated with VPA. Taken together, the latter findings suggest an important role of these epigenetic drugs for the manipulation of DC in the context of cancer immunotherapy or treatment of auto-immune diseases
Carbonneil, Cédric. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle de cellules dendritiques différenciées en présence de GM-CSF et d'Interféron-α, dérivées de monocytes issus de donneurs sains ou infectés par le VIH." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05N081.
Full textIn these studies, we have demonstrated the ability of the GM-CSF/IFN-α combination to differentiate DC from monocytes isolated from healthy donors. These IFN-DCs stimulatemore efficiently CD8+T lymphocytes, stimulate as efficiently memory CD4+ T cells but stimulate weakly naive CD4+ T lymphocytes, as compared with IL-4-DC. IFN-DC also induce stronger generation of Th1 et Tr1 cells. When derived from monocytes isolated from HIV-infected patients, both population stimulate CD8+ T lymphocytes but weakly stimulate CD4+ T cells. In the presence of anti-il-10 neutralizing antibodies, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells induced by DC is significantly.
REA, DELPHINE. "Interactions entre cellules dendritiques et adenovirus." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066403.
Full textRosenzwajg, Michèle. "La differenciation des cellules dendritiques humaines." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077278.
Full textGorvel, Laurent. "Cellules dendritiques : infection et immunité tissulaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5089.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the immune response. Indeed, their antigen presenting function allows them to be considered as the main inducers of adaptive response. This pivotal role also makes vulnerable to pathogen attacks. Indeed, numerous pathogens target DC response to avoid a microbicidal adaptive immunity to take place. To understand these mecanisms, I investigated the response of DCs to T. whipplei, C. burnetii, B. abortus and O. tsutsugamushi. I could highlight a phenotypic but not functional defect of maturation in DCs infected by C. burnetii and B. abortus, which was related to a defect in type I IFN response. Indeed, C. burnetii and B. abortus did not induce the production of IFN-b and induced an abnormal phosphorylation of MAPKs, known to participate to DC maturation. In this study, I could demonstrate that C. burnetii and B. abortus interfere with type I IFN response. The second part of my thesis dealt with innate immune system in the human tissue. First I interested myself in placental macrophages. I demonstrated that placental macrophages ability to form MGCs was altered in chorioamnionitis, suggesting that MGCs play a role in tolerance as they disappear in an infectious pathology. Second, I interested myself in placental DCs (plaDCs) for which I could conclude that plaDCs are true myeloid DCs that are polarized by their microenvironment. My work highlight two concepts, the first one demonstrate the necessity of high throughput methods for the analysis of cell response to several pathogens. The second concept demonstrates that direct environment or hormones can affect immune cells response to pathogen but also their phenotype and function
Li, Yinping. "Nouveaux mécanismes d'obtention de cellules dendritiques tolérogènes à partir de processus physiopathologiques : implication en pathologie humaine et dans le domaine de la thérapie cellulaire." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10147/document.
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Cabillic, Florian. "Plasticité des cellules dendritiques : étude de l'influence sur l'environnement hépatique sur la différenciation de monocytes en cellules dendritiques." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1B070.
Full textHarizi, Hedi. "Cellules dendritiques et éicosanoi͏̈des : production et immunomodulation." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28957.
Full textSegura, Elodie. "Fonctions immunitaires des exosomes de cellules dendritiques." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077163.
Full textDendritic cells (DC) secrete vesicles from endocytic origin called exosomes which bear Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules and can induce immune responses in tumoral Systems. The aim of this work was to identify the nature of exosome-induced immune responses and to determine how exosomes interact with recepient cells. We have shown that exosomes transfer antigen that is contained inside their lumen, but also transfer preformed functionnal MHC-peptide complexes. Exosomes from mature DC are the most efficient in vitro and in vivo for stimulating T lymphocytes. Immature and mature DC-derived exosomes display different quantities of some molecules, among which ICAM-1 is essential for exosomes functionnal activity. Exosomes are captured by DC through an interaction between LFA-1 on DC and ICAM-1 on exosomes
Grouard, Géraldine. "Analyse des populations de cellules dendritiques d'amygdales." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0506.
Full textOuhachi, Melissa. "Rôle des cellules dendritiques CD11b+ dans l'athérosclérose." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS055.
Full textAtherosclerosis is a disease characterized by arterial blood vessel thickening due to the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the arterial intima in response to cholesterol deposition. Several components of the immune response are able to modulate the development of atheromatous plaques. In particular, the role of conventional of CD4+ lymphocytes in the atherogenic process depends on their polarization pathway. The polarization mechanism of CD4+ T cells is under the control of conventional CD11b+ dendritic cells (cDCs). Thus, modulating these cDCs and orienting the adaptive response towards anti-atherogenic polarization could represent a potential therapeutic target in pathology. In this context, we evaluated the role of CD11b+ cDCs in the development of atherosclerosis which still remains totally unexplored. We have demonstrated that the decrease of the number of CD11b+ cDCs has no impact on the development of atheroma lesions. However, we show that the deletion of IRF4, the transcription factor necessary for the development of CD11b+ cDCs alters the recognized anti-atherogenic role of the aluminum-based vaccine adjuvant (Alum). However our data suggest that CD11b+ cDCs have no direct impact on the development of atherosclerosis but can control the atheroprotective effect of Alum adjuvant
Matheoud, Diana. "Présentation croisée par les cellules dendritiques à partir de cellules vivantes." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066745.
Full textTerme, Magali. "Dialogue entre cellules dendritiques et cellules NK : régulation, mécanismes moléculaires, physiopathologie." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11T053.
Full textGoubier, Anne. "Foie et tolérance périphériqueRôle des cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides et des cellules NKT." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305753.
Full textDe, Smedt Thibaut. "Maturation et apoptose des cellules dendritiques in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212028.
Full textBenard, Alan. "Cellules dendritiques et activité immunomodulatrice des opioïdes endogènes." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30334.
Full textEndogenous opioid peptides belong to three families: endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins which bind respectively to three types of opioid receptors: mu (MOR), delta (DOR) and kappa (KOR). Opioids, mainly knew for their analgesic function, affect also immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in initiation of antigen specific immune response. DCs capture antigen then, after maturation, migrate to draining lymph node and stimulate antigen specific T cell. DCs migration to secondary lymphoid organ is thus a key step in adaptative immune response initiation. My project was to identify endogenous opioids effect produced during inflammation on DCs migration. We showed that the d opioid receptor (DOR), weakly expressed in immature DCs, was overexpressed after DCs maturation. DOR expression by matures DCs was responsible for opioid chemotactic activity in vitro and in vivo. DOR surexpression being associated in the same time with up-regulation of CCR7, receptor indispensable for mature DCs migration to lymphoid organs, we further examined the functional cross-talk between these two receptors. Our results suggest that endogenous opioids would have a limited effect on inflammatory site low in CCR7 ligands. The MOR receptor, meanwhile, main mediator of immunosuppressive effect of morphine in vivo, is not expressed by immune cells in normal conditions. Demonstration that MOR receptor expression may be induced by cytokines suggests that MOR expression could have negative consequences in some pathological situations such as lymphomas. Our results showed that MOR, and one of his ligands, are almost exclusively found in patients with Sezary syndrome, a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. MOR expression in lymph nodes from patients is associated with IL-13 production. Among the lymph node immune cells, IL-13 induce MOR only in activated Langerhans cells, which are very present in lymph nodes draining skin from patients with Sezary syndrome. Considering that MOR is the main mediator of the deleterious effects of opioids on immunity, our results suggest that endogenous opioids, acting on matures Langerhans cells, might participate in the escape of Sezary cells from the immune response
Fohrer, Hélène. "Les cellules dendritiques thymiques humaines : caractérisation et ontogénie." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077212.
Full textBOULOC, ANNE. "Caracterisation phenotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules dendritiques cutanees." Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120043.
Full textCharbonnier, Aude. "Caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle de cellules dendritiques leucémiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22073.
Full textMignot, Grégoire. "Action immunitaire de chimiothérapies anticancéreuses : un exemple à travers les modes d'actions des cellules "Interferon-producting Killer Dentritic Cells"." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T007.
Full textCoury-Lucas, Fabienne. "Differenciation des cellules dendritiques en cellules multinucléées géantes : implications dans les pathologies inflammatoires." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0473.
Full textConventional dendritic cells (cDC) display a large functional plasticity, modulated by environmental signals that they detect. Thereby, our team has previously shown in collaboration with the team of Dr Pierre Jurdic that, in the presence of the two osteoclastogenic cytokines monocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), the human cDC transdifferentiate into multinuclear specialized bone-resorbing cells: the osteoclasts (OC). First in this study, we extended this concept of transdifferentiation of cDC into osteoclasts from human to murine cells. Secondly, studying Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), which combines granuloma and lytic bone lesions, we discovered that interleukin 17A (IL-17A) induces a new fusion pathway specific of cDC. We found high serum levels of IL-17A during active disease. Surprisingly, IL-17A is produced by cDC in LCH lesions mostly made of semimature cDC and not by T cells in contrast to what has been shown so far in several inflammatory pathologies. We showed that this new fusion pathway is highly potentiated by IFN-γ, which even though this cytokine inhibits OC formation, suggesting that this new fusion pathway might be involved in infectious mycobacterial diseases that lead to granuloma formation with giant cells in an IFN-γ rich context. Then we studied the role of IL-17A and lFN-γ combination in the production of these new multinucleated cell effectors. These effectors display powerful and original enzymatic equipment. After we have indeed found IL-17A in situ in the environment of giant cells in tuberculosis lesions, we demonstrated that Mycobacteria, such as attenuated vaccination strain Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), are resistant to these cell functions and efficiently multiply within intracellular space. Finally, we discuss the interest of these results to understand the place of the different giant cells in pathophysiology of chronic granulomatous inflammatory diseases associated or not to bone resorption. These discoveries should lead to new treatments, in link with the origin and functions of these cDC-derived giant cells, an update of a new cell world
Deslee, Gaëtan. "Rôle des cellules épithéliales bronchiques et des cellules dendritiques dans l'inflammation bronchique chronique." Reims, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REIMM203.
Full text@Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by chronic airway inflammation, involving eosinophils and T CD4+ lymphocytes in asthma, and neutrophils, macrophages and T CD8+ lymphocytes in COPD. However, the mechanisms leading to chronic airway inflammation in these airway inflammatory diseases are not fully elucidated. Pulmonary dendritic cells and bronchial epithelial cells are interfaces which are continuously exposed to various inhaled substances. The inflammatory response to inhaled substances, allergens in asthma and bacterial pathogens in COPD, could be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic bronchial inflammation. We have demonstrated that dendritic cells internalise the major house dust mite allergen, Der p 1, partly via the mannose receptor, and that the mannose receptor expression and Der p 1 uptake were increased in dendritic cells from allergic patients. These results suggest that there are functional specificities of dendritic cells in allergic asthma, which could partly explain the raison why some patients develop an immuno-allergic reaction after an allergenic contact. We have developed an original three-dimensional culture model of bronchial epithelium by mean of spheroids obtained from bronchial brushings performed in COPD and non COPD smokers. This method allows to maintain in culture a non transformed, well-differentiated and polarized bronchial epithelium containing basal cells, ciliated cells and secretory cells, with preservation of junctional proteins. This technique keeps in culture the main morphological and functional characteristics of the in vivo bronchial epithelium. Using this model, we have demonstrated that the inflammatory response of bronchial epithelium to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was different in COPD, and was characterized by an enhanced LPS-induced release of IL-8, which is involved in chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils. This differential epithelial inflammatory response to LPS could be involved in the initiation and maintenance of chronic inflammation in COPD. Our results suggest that there are functional specificities of interfaces such as dendritic cells and bronchial epithelial cells towards inflammatory stimuli in asthma and COPD, which could be involved in the pathophysiology of chronic bronchial inflammation
Deslee, Gaëtan Lebargy François. "Rôle des cellules épithéliales bronchiques et des cellules dendritiques dans l'inflammation bronchique chronique." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000547.pdf.
Full textEbstein, Frédéric. "Etude de la présentation croisée d'antigènes de tumeurs par cellules dendritiques ayant phagocyté des cellules mortes." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=0d1986d5-5e30-478b-834c-21ca24b63f13.
Full textOver the past decade, the increasing knowledge in the molecular identification of tumour antigens that are capable of eliciting T-cell responses has revolutionised the field of cancer therapy. To date, injections of tumour antigen-expressing dendritic cells (DC) represent a promising of active immunotherapy strategy. However, the source of tumour-associated antigens (TAA) remains a critical issue which will further determine the efficacy of DC-based vaccines. In this study, we show the relevance of using heat shock proteins (HSP)-expressing apoptotic cells as TAA loading strategy for DC. Indeed, we demonstrate the feasibility of inducing mesothelioma tumour-specific cytotoxic T cell responses from stimulations of naïve T cells with DC loaded with HSP-expressing apoptotic cells. Altogether, these results emphasize the importance of providing danger signals to apoptosis in order to induce potent anti-tumour responses
Flacher, Vincent. "Activation des cellules dendritiques humaines par les Toll-Like Receptors : propriétés fonctionnelles de hTLR8, récepteur antiviral des cellules myéloïdes." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10052.
Full textKadri, Nadir. "Induction de tolérance par les cellules dendritiques : prévention du diabète par le transfert des cellules dendritiques chez la souris Non Obese Diabetic." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2026.
Full textIn recent years, several investigators have shown that transfer of dendritic cells (DC) prevents development of diabetes in NOD mice. Accumulating evidence that DC cultured in the presence of FCS can induce a dominant unspecific response in tumour models prompted us to investigate the effect of the injection of bone marrow derived DC cultured in the presence of FCS on diabetes development in NOD mice. We showed that two injections, one week apart, with mature bone marrow-derived DC protected NOD mice from developing spontaneous diabetes and induced marked anti-Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) immune responses. Anti-FCS antibodies were detected in serum of DC-injected mice after the first injection, which increased dramatically after the second one and remained higher until 10 months of age. Besides, spleen cells of NOD mice (SC) were isolated one week after DC injection and cultured in RPMI supplemented with FCS, in AIMV-BSA or in RPMI containing autologous mouse serum for autologous mixte lymphocyte reactions. Results showed that SC proliferation increased in the presence of bovine serum proteins suggesting that lymphocytes have been primed against bovine proteins in vivo after DC injection. Also, flow cytometry data using CFSE labelling showed that proliferation was observed in both B and T lymphocytes compartments. All together, our data suggest that injection of DC cultured in FCS-containing medium could switch an aggressive Th1 response to a protective Th2 one. Our results also show that DC grown in the presence of FCS can induce specific anti-FCS immune responses urging cautious interpretation of DC based vaccination protocols
Brugerolle, de Fraissinette Anne de. "Étude des précurseurs de la cellule de Langerhans." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T053.
Full textBabdor, Joël. "Biologie cellulaire des endosomes IRAP+ dans les cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T071.
Full textDendritic cells (DC) are central in immune system. They are permanently active in the organism at steady state and during infection, where they orchestrate tolerance against self and immunity against non-self, such a complex immunological role relies on specific cell biology mechanisms. These mechanisms are currently extensively studied. This work sheds light on a new endosomal compartment playing a crucial role in immunity modulation: IRAP (insulin responsive aminopeptidase)-containing endosomes. Studied in various contexts since 1930, IRAP was recently revealed to be required for exogenous antigen processing in endophagosomal compartment of DC and subsequent cell surface presentation to T lymphocytes (Saveanu et al., 2009; Weimershaus et al., 2012). This discovery prompted us to study IRAP+ endosomes that are poorly described in DC. This work studies IRAP-containing endosomes in DC compartments and questions their specific contribution in DC biological functions. We therefore investigated IRAP-containing endosomes relationship to other cellular compartments and demonstrated their requirement in an endolysosomal regulation system controlling pathogen related inflammation. We also studied the implication of IRAP-containing endosomes on phagosomes maturation and showed their influence on pathogen killing and cross presentation. IRAP-containing endosomes are required for several cellular functions that all rely on cellular compartmentalization. This work proposes IRAP-containing endosomes as a major actor of a “compartmental regulation” of DC functions, participating to fine tuning of immune balance
Buelens, Christel. "Effets de l'interleukine-10 sur les cellules dendritiques humaines." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212196.
Full textGuindi, Chantal. "Mécanismes moléculaires conférant aux cellules dendritiques leurs fonctions tolérogènes." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6656.
Full textRoyer, Pierre-Joseph. "Production de cellules dendritiques pour une immunothérapie anti-tumorale." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=a7110036-4fc2-40d2-a380-11963abceb55.
Full textIdentification of tumour antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes enables the development of cancer immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells that elicit T-cell responses. They are nowadays largely used in active immunotherapy strategy. However, first clinical trials highlight the need to improve ex vivo DC generation. Large DC population variability can be observed according to production mode. Thus, DC biology and production mode must be thoroughly understood. The aim of this study is to elaborate favourable culture conditions for DC generation and to determine the impact on DC activation. Two clinical vaccination protocols in acute myeloid leukaemia and hepatocellular carcinoma were developed from this work
Barbet, Gaëtan. "Rôle du canal ionique TRPM4 dans les cellules dendritiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077114.
Full textDendritic cells (DC) are central cells in immune System. DCs lead to lymphocyte activation and control adaptative immune response. To do so, DCs have to maturate and migrate toward secondary lymphoid organs where they initiate pathogen-specific lymphocyte responses. Calcium is an ubiquitous second messenger controlling a variety of cellular functions such as migration. However, the role of calcium in dendritic cells biology is poorly understood. We show that the ionic channel TRPM4 has a crucial role in calcium homeostasis in DC during stimulation. The lack of TRPM4 in DC leads to calcium overload after bacterial stimulation and dramatically decrease their migratory capacities but without affecting their maturation. We observed that a calcium overload leads to a decrease of the PLC-p2 expression which is correlated with an absence of a subsequent signalling response. Thus, this work shows the key rôle of TRPM4 in the migration but not the maturation of DC, emphasizing that these two cellular events are regulated differently
Trinité, Benjamin. "Une population de cellules dendritiques cytotoxiques chez le rat." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT05VS.
Full textWe identified, in the rat, a new subset of dendritic cells (DC) with cytotoxic properties against lymphoid and non lymphoid tumoral cell lines. This subset is present, in an immature stage, both in the spleen and lymph nodes. After maturation these DC show a high level IL-12 secretion and an efficient CD4 T cell stimulation capacity, however, they are very poor CD8 T cell stimulators in vitro. Their cytotoxicity involves an unusual mechanism inducing rapid and caspase-independent death of tumoral cells. This apoptosis cannot be inhibited by Bcl-2 overexpression and its exact mechanism remains unknown. This tumoricidal activity is associated with rapid phagocytosis of target cells. In vivo, this DC subset could directly link innate and adaptative anti-tumoral immunity
Boucher, Magali. "Activation des cellules dendritiques par des composantes de bioaérosols." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35715.
Full textSeveral occupational settings are highly contaminated with bioaerosols, which are often associated with the induction of various respiratory pathologies. It is therefore important to define the impact of the components of bioaerosols on mucosal immunity. Dendritic cells are at the interface of the individual and his environment and play a role in the initiation of immunopathological responses induced by bioaerosols. The purpose of this project was to compare how various agents, agent combinations, or samples from environments highly contaminated with bioaerosols modulated dendritic cell activation in vitro. Our results show that the degree of activation of dendritic cells derived from the bone marrow differentiates between a highly immunogenic agent, endotoxins, from weakly immunogenic agents such as β-D glucans and archaea Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanobrevibacter smithii. We also show that combined stimulation of these agents additively activates dendritic cells, thus confirming the importance of studying the impact of bioaerosols as a whole, and not just individual components. In addition, the kinetics of activation of dendritic cells is modulated by the nature of the stimulation, which confirms the hypothesis of interaction between the components of bioaerosols on the immune response. Finally, the activation of dendritic cells stratifies various working environments by class, which is corroborated by an in vivo lung inflammation model. This project therefore broadens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the induction of immunopathological reactions by complex bioaerosols.
Lagaraine, Christine. "Effet tolérogène de l'acide mycophénolique sur les cellules dendritiques." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR3305.
Full textEven today, transplantation remains problematic because of global immunosuppressant treatment. Dendritic cells play a central role in immune response by uptaking and presenting antigens to T lymphocytes. However dendritic cells can induce T cell activation but also T cell inhibition, leading to tolerance. We have demonstrated that acid mycophenolic (MPA) affected dendritic cell maturation. MPA-treated DC (MPA-DC) have an impaired expression of costimulatory and class II MHC molecules, secrete large amounts of IL-10 but few IL-12. We have also shown that a long term coculture between MPA-DC and T cells induce the differentiation of regulatory T cells expressing GITR and CTLA-4. Treg have a potent antigen specific suppressive activity on the proliferation of activated T cells. These results suggest that MPA-DC or MPA-DC-induced Treg may be used in cellular therapy to induce allograft tolerance
Auray, Gaël. "La cryptosporidiose du nouveau-né : étude des cellules dendritiques." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4003.
Full textCryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that infects the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells. DCs in the intestine can capture antigens and may contribute to tolerance, or to the generation of specific immune responses. Nothing is known about their role in neonatal cryptosporidiosis. Myeloid DCs respond to contact the parasite by overexpressing the coactivation molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86 and MHC class II molecules at their surface and by producing IL-12 in a TLR-4 dependant way. We then studied the recruitment and activation of DCs in vivo in a newborn mouse model. All the DC-attracting chemokines studied were also up-regulated except CCL20. Immunohistochemical staining showed that DCs were recruited to the lamina propia and the MLN of infected mice. Myeloid DCs and double-negative DCs were the two subpopulations most strongly recruited
KLEIN, CHRISTOPH. "Utilisation des cellules dendritiques dans l'induction d'une immunite tumorale." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066521.
Full textRivollier, Aymeric. "Plasticité fonctionnelle des cellules dendritiques : implications dans l'homéostasie osseuse." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0347.
Full textQuentin, Julie. "Immunomodulation de l'arthrite expérimentale par les cellules dendritiques tolérogènes." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T018/document.
Full textTolerogenic dendritic cells for immumodulation in experimental arthritis.Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play critical roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. Based on their tolerogenic properties, DCs offer potential as therapeutic tools to ameliorate or prevent graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease, or to treat autoimmune disorders.The objectives of my PhD consisted to:- reinforce the tolerogenic potential of DCs by in vitro handling.- assess the capacity of such tolerogenic DCs to induce a protective response in experimental autoimmune arthritis- identify cellular and molecular mechanisms implied in the tolerogenic DCs-induced protectionOur results suggest that, in contrast with conventional DCs, the rapamycin-conditioned iDCs maintain their tolerogenic potential upon injection in inflammatory settings and are able to dampen an already Th1-primed immune response, conferring a protection from arthritis. The protection of the mice was associated with an expansion of the IL-10-secreting CD49b+ Treg in the spleen and liver of the injected mice and a decrease of the Th1 immune response. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of tolerogenic DCs in an established autoimmune disease as well as the anti-inflammatory potential of the CD49b+ Treg cell population induced following DC vaccination
Trinité, Benjamin Josien Régis. "Une population de cellules dendritiques cytotoxiques chez le rat." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/DOCtrinite.pdf.
Full textRoyer, Pierre-Joseph Grégoire Marc. "Production de cellules dendritiques pour une immunothérapie anti-tumorale." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=27816.
Full textRulle, Sandrine. "Mécanismes régulateurs dans l'arthrite : implication des cellules dendritiques tolérogènes." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077196.
Full textRA is a chronic autoimmune disease. There is an excessive inflammatory reaction with presence of deleterious autoreactive T lymphocytes. The challenge is to identify strategies able to limit these inflammatory responses. Depending on their microenvironment, DC have a prominent role in the induction of phenomena of tolerance that are essential to the control of pathology. Our work was built on three parts: -The implication of 3 types of DC in vivo in a murine model of arthritis. Semi-mature and mature DC are associated with an improvement of the disease and induce an enrichment in Treg. -The study of AM action, a neuropeptide anti-inflammatory drug, on the phenotype and murine fonctions of DC in vitro. We highlighted that AM-treated DC have a regulating profile with an abundant expression of IDO, an enzyme implied in tolerance. As well, AM-stimulated DC had increased capacities to induce Treg. -The analysis of IDO expression profile and its biological activity in the peripheral blood of RA patients before and after biotherapy. We showed an IDO overexpression and an increased activity among RA patients in comparison with other pathologies. As well, we observed a different impact on IDO expression according to the biotherapy selected to treat the patient. These results suggest an IDO contribution in the regulation of disease activity. Thus, DC thanks to their cellular plasticity and their capacity to modulate other cells of immunity constitute a main target for the study of the physiopathology and the treatment of autoimmune diseases like RA