Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Précurseurs de NOx'
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Bertus, Thomas. "Devenir de l'azote lors de la combustion de biomasse dans le lit d'une chaudière à grille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0013.
Full textBiomass combustion in industrial-scale biomass grate-fired boilers produces several types of pollutants, including nitrogen oxides. These species, also known as NOx, are harmful to the environment because they cause acid rain and are greenhouse gases. These pollutants are mostly formed by the oxidation of the nitrogen that was initially present in the biomass. NOx emissions are a primary concern for biomass boiler manufacturers. Modeling is a great help in reducing NOx emissions. The gas phase chemistry of nitrogen is well known so gas phase reactions involving NOx species above the bed are not a problem. However, the chemistry governing the heterogeneous combustion of the fuel bed remains poorly understood. In particular, the nature of the nitrogen gases exiting the bed is not accurately predicted. The objective of this work is to provide a bed model capable of predicting the gas phase composition at the exit of the bed, with a particular focus on nitrogen species. To this end, a bed model was developed using MATLAB. This model is based on the BASIC model developed by the University of Aalborg. This is a 1D Euler-Euler bed that employs the walking column approach to simulate a biomass grate-fired boiler bed. Two significant modifications were made to the model: the incorporation of thermal non-equilibrium and the inclusion of nitrogen chemistry. To validate the model, experiments were conducted in a cross-fired fixed bed reactor. An existing experimental device was adapted to enable the quantification of nitrogen in all products. Three series of experiments were conducted. The first series compared the fate of nitrogen of three agrofuels during the pyrolysis and combustion. The second series investigated the influence of particle size and temperature on the fate of nitrogen during particleboard combustion and pyrolysis. The third series focused on the influence of chemical treatment on NOx emissions for three chemically treated particleboards. The results obtained with the experimental setup allowed us to fix some kinetic data for the model. This model represents a first step towards the prediction of nitrogen gas production in a biomass bed
Bey, Isabelle. "Contribution des processus nocturnes a la chimie troposphérique : modélisation des flux de radicaux et transformation des précurseurs d'ozone (COV, NOx)." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120017.
Full textLe, Dréau Gwenvaël. "NOV/CCN3 et système nerveux central : étude du rôle de NOV/CCN3 dans les précurseurs de neurones granulaires et des astrocytes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066063.
Full textDuckert, Jean-Frédéric. "Synthèses de mimes non peptidiques du glutathion, précurseurs d'analogues du leucotriène C4." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20037.
Full textLoureiro, Morais Latino. "Synthèse de thiooligosaccharides, précurseurs d'analogues de facteurs de nodulation." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662408.
Full textMaldonado, Rojas Paloma P. "Communication synaptique et non-synaptique entre neurones et cellules précurseurs d’oligodendrocytes dans le cortex somatosensoriel." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T064/document.
Full textOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are the main source of myelinating oligodendrocytes during postnatal development. These progenitors, identified by the expression of the proteoglycan NG2, are extremely abundant before myelination, but also persist in the mature brain. Similarly to other non-neuronal cells they express a wide range of ionic and ligand-gated ion channels. However, they are unique by their ability to receive truly glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic contacts from neurons. During this thesis, we characterized the electrophysiological properties of OPCs during the postnatal development of the mouse somatosensory cortex (post postnatal month). By performing patch-clamp recordings, single-cell RT-PCR analyses and pharmacological approaches, we found that outwardly rectifying I-V curves become linear during development, as the result of an upregulation of Kir4.1 potassium channels. Endowed with these channels, adult OPCs are able to sense local extracellular potassium increases generated by neuronal activity. This developmental upregulation of Kir4.1 channels in OPCs revealed that these cells gain physiological properties during development, conferring them the capacity to communicate with neurons, via a non-synaptic potassium-mediated mechanism. This developmental change also supports the view that OPCs are probably more than simple progenitors. In the second part of this thesis, we were interested in study the connectivity patterns underlying the GABAergic interneuron-OPC network in the young somatosensory cortex (second postnatal week). First, we took advantage of the high lateral and axial precision of one-photon holographic photolysis to stimulate GABAergic interneurons at a single cell resolution in order to evoke an action potential. We then used this technique to map the connectivity between interneurons and OPCs. We found that the connectivity probability of OPCs was around half less than that of pyramidal cells and involved more local microcircuits. In addition, by performing paired-recordings, OPCs showed to be transiently contacted by fast-spiking (FSI) and non-fast-spiking (NFSI) interneurons, through single or double release sites. Interestingly, postsynaptic sites containing GABAA receptors with the γ2 subunit were predominantly connected by FSI, indicating that these cells provide a specific input to OPCs. Here we described for the first time the emergence of specific cortical network between neurons and non-neuronal cells. In conclusion, this thesis contributed to get a better understanding of the different modes of communication between neurons and OPCs and the establishment of new signaling mechanisms used by neurons to control the activity of these precursors
Maldonado, Rojas Paloma P. "Communication synaptique et non-synaptique entre neurones et cellules précurseurs d'oligodendrocytes dans le cortex somatosensoriel." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017183.
Full textMoreau, Carole. "Electrosynthèse d'oligomères hétérocycliques siliciés précurseurs de matériaux conducteurs et de matériaux pour l'optique non linéaire." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10638.
Full textTran, Dinh Phong. "Synthèse et caractérisation de précurseurs de cuivre, or et iridium et études des dépôts de films métalliques correspondants par CVD pour des applications en microélectronique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112248.
Full textA novel series of fluorine free copper (I) precursors, (b-diketonate)Cu(L) (L = BTMSA or TMSP), has been synthesized by acid-base reaction and characterized. Of these precursors, (5-methyl-2,4-hexanedionate)Cu(BTMSA) and (5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedionate)Cu(BTMSA) are the most interested ones. Use of these precursors, the continuous, pure and electrically conducting copper thin films were grown on Ta/TaN from 170°C with high deposition rates (50 nm/min). AuCl(PF3) has been also evaluated for Au thermal CVD in this work. This inorganic precursor was used in solid form (with a conventional bubbler) as well as in a solution with toluene solvent (use of a liquid delivery system). Use of H2 as co-reactant gas, continuous and pure gold metallic thin films were deposited on Ta/TaN from 110°C. The impact of carrier gas nature (N2, H2) and deposition temperature on the precursor deposition reaction as well as on the properties of grown gold films has been investigated. [IrCl(PF3)2]2 has been used, for the first time in this work, as iridium source for Ir CVD. This inorganic precursor is very volatile but unstable. Hence, in this work, we have synthesized this precursor "in-situ" in the CVD reactor from IrCl(PF3) which is more stable and experimental. Under N2 carrier gas, compact, conformal and highly pure iridium thin films were grown on SiO2/Si from 240°C. We have also studied the influence of carrier gas nature (N2, H2, or O2) as well as the deposition temperature on the growth of iridium films
Hovhannissian, Gaghik. "Signaux électriques, magnétiques et mécaniques associés à la percolation de l'eau en milieux saturés et non saturés." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066216.
Full textPiet, Jordan. "Gravure plasma du CdHgTe : étude de précurseurs non conventionnels pour application aux détecteurs infrarouges hautes performances de très faible pas." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4089.
Full textThis thesis investigates new gas mixtures for HgCdTe plasma etching with the objective to etch without substrate polarization : CH₃NO₂/H₂/Ar, CH₃OH/H₂/Ar and CH₄/NO₂/H₂/Ar. A first part on the analysis of these plasmas by electrostatics probes and optical emission spectroscopy shown that the substitution of methane by nitromethane or methanol has an effect on the chemical component of the etching. For these new mixtures, the formation of molecules such as CO and CN is correlated with the annihilation of the polymer deposit. The second part, about the etching of HgCdTe with these new precursors proved the ability to etch the substrate without bias with CH₃NO₂/H₂/Ar and CH₄/N₂O/H₂/Ar mixtures and thus reduce the material damages, especially the surface roughness. Further study using CH₄/N₂O/H₂/Ar plasmas shows in particular an increase of the etching rate at low bias up to a threshold, before it stagnates, corresponding to the transition from chemically dominant etching to physically dominant etching. In addition, the roughness is independent of the plasma excitation power, substrate temperature and etching time. Finally, trench etching revealed the chemical and isotropic etching at low bias with CH₄/N₂O/H₂/Ar and CH₃NO₂/H₂/Ar mixtures, but which, at higher bias, has a better lateral passivation than CH₄/H₂/Ar etching process
Peaudecerf, Laëtitia. "Caractérisation des précurseurs post-thymiques des lymphocytes T et origine des lymphocytes intra-épithéliaux non conventionnels de l'intestin chez la souris." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T049.
Full textThe CD8αα intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IEL) lining the gut mucosa are a major cell set fundamental to ensure the integrity of the gut wall. These cells originate from a wave of thymus migrants colonizing the gut in the first three weeks after birth, but the identity of these migrants is matter of major debate. We here show that a single differentiation pathway ensures CD8αα T-IEL generation. Thus, CD4-CD8-CD3-CD44+ immature thymocytes have all the properties of CD8αα T-IEL precursors: the capacity to leave the thymus, migrate to the blood, colonize the gut, and reconstitute the CDSaa T-IEL compartment in the absence of any further thymus influence. Most of these cells have a CD44+CD25int phenotype. Competition experiments in T cell deficient mice differing by the presence or absence of the gut cryptopatches show that seeding of cryptopatches by these precursors is fully responsible for the generation of the CD8αα T-IEL pool
Nandra, Alexandrina. "Étude structurale et magnétique d'alliages nanocristallins Sm2Fe17-x Six et de leurs précurseurs hors équilibre SmFe 9-ySiy non carburés et carburés." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003949760204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of flue structure and magnetic propertics of the out-of equilibrium phase SmFe9, P6/mmm precursor of the equilibrium phase R-3m Sm2Fe17 substituted for silicon. The samples were prepared by the technique of high-energy milling with subsequent annealing. In a first step, we have determined the atom distribution in the R-3m Sm2(Fe,Si)17 equilibrium phase. On flic basis of these results, we have cleared up the structural and magnetic properties of the out-of equilibrium precursor, and confirmed its l/9 stoichiometry. After carbon insertion into the 1/9 lattice, we have obtained the Sm(Fe,Si)9 hard magnetic phases. We have found the conditions favouring high performance magnetic properties by means of excellent intrinsic magnetic properties combined with an adequate microstructure, induced by the elaboration technique. Numerous techniques have been implemented: X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, Mossbauer spectroscopy and electron microscopy
Jida, Mouhamad. "Réaction de kulinkovich sur des esters dérivés d'aminoacides naturels et non naturelsApplication à la synthèse de précurseurs potentiels de produits biologiquement actifs." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112126.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the intramolecular Kulinkovich cyclopropanation of esters prepared from natural and unnatural aminoacids. The reactions were performed with Grignard reagents in the presence of catalytic or stoechiometric amounts of titanium isopropoxide. The first chapter shows the scope of the Kulinkovich reaction which allows the transformation of esters into cyclopropanols. The reactions were carried out in both inter and intramolecular modes and are extended to cyclic carboxylic derivatives such as lactones, anhydrides, etc… In the second chapter, we study the regio and stereoselectivity of the cyclopropanation reaction when the starting materials possess two ester functions and a terminal double bond. The glutamate derivative furnished expected fused cyclopropanols while the aspartate derivative only gave unexpected pyrrolidinones. In the third chapter, the intramolecular cyclopropanation applied on other alphaaminoesters afforded expected bicyclic cyclopropanols as a mixture of diastereomers, thus providing an access to enantiomerically pure azabicyclo[3. 1. 0]hexanols. The fourth chapter concerns the reactivity of these alcohols under ring opening conditions. The different azabicyclo[3. 1. 0]hexanols were transformed into dihydropyridinones, pyrrolidinones, piperidones or pyridinols , possible precursors of bioactive products. Application of this methodology allowed the preparation of the (S)-2-phenylpiperidin-3-one , a potent intermediate in the synthesis of pharmacologically significant products (substance P antagonists)
Bousquet, Till. "Nouveaux modes d'activation de précurseurs d'ions N-acyliminiums : catalyse chimique et électrochimie organique : applications à la synthèse de pyrrolizidines hydroxylées." Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0014.
Full textThis dissertation is based on the development of new N-acyliminium ion activation modes for the α-amidoalkylation reaction of silicon-based and related nucleophiles. The first part of this work illustrates the remarkable catalytic efficiency of TIPSOTf and HNTf2 in promoting Mannich type. After developing this process in solution, the procedure was improved with the implementation of a solvent-free variant which could be carried out at very low catalyst loading. The second part focuses on the electrogeneration and accumulation of N-acyliminium ions (cation pool approach) starting from carbamate under anodic oxidation conditions. This part of our work has contributed to considerably improve the by Chiba's protocol. In the last act of this memory, the 3-chloro-2-(methoxymethoxy)prop-1-ene proved to be a highly efficient in both α-amidoalkylation variants. Then, the potential dipolarophilicity of this nucleophile has been highlighted by very short syntheses of 2-hydroxy-pyrrolizidines
Salvetti, Marie-Gabrielle. "De l'organique au minéral : Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la transformation d'un précurseur polysilazane en "carbonitrure de silicium"." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843575.
Full textRoig, Rodelas Roger. "Chemical characterization, sources and origins of secondary inorganic aerosols measured at a suburban site in Northern France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R017/document.
Full textTropospheric fine particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) may impact health, climate and ecosystems. Secondary inorganic (SIA) and organic aerosols (OA) contribute largely to PM2.5. To understand their formation and origin, a 1-year campaign (August 2015 to July 2016) of inorganic precursor gases and PM2.5 water-soluble ions was performed at an hourly resolution at a suburban site in northern France using a MARGA 1S, complemented by mass concentrations of PM2.5, Black Carbon, nitrogen oxides and trace elements. The highest levels of ammonium nitrate (AN) and sulfate were observed at night in spring and during daytime in summer, respectively. A source apportionment study performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) determined 8 source factors, 3 having a regional origin (sulfate-rich, nitrate-rich, marine) contributing to PM2.5 mass for 73-78%; and 5 a local one (road traffic, biomass combustion, metal industry background, local industry and dust) (22-27%). In addition, a HR-ToF-AMS (aerosol mass spectrometer) and a SMPS (particle sizer) were deployed during an intensive winter campaign, to gain further insight on OA composition and new particle formation, respectively. The application of PMF to the AMS OA mass spectra allowed identifying 5 source factors: hydrocarbon-like (15%), cooking-like (11%), oxidized biomass burning (25%), less- and more-oxidized oxygenated factors (16% and 33%, respectively). Combining the SMPS size distribution with the chemical speciation of the aerosols and precursor gases allowed the identification of nocturnal new particle formation (NPF) events associated to the formation of SIA, in particular AN
Ortiz, Castro José Manuel. "Influence du substituant NO2 sur les réactions de polymérisation radicalaire d'ar-nitrostyrènes : étude particulière du 4-chloro-3-nitrostyrène précurseur de copolymères reactifs." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL107N.
Full textGrondin, Thierry. "Étude de la composition aromatique de mélasse de canne de La Réunion : mise en évidence de précurseurs d'arôme de nature glycosidique : données supplémentaires sur le non-sucre." La Réunion, 2002. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/02_06_Grondin.pdf.
Full textNiquet-Leridon, Céline. "Identification de la structure et des mécanismes de formation de quelques produits de Maillard non volatils issus de l’ammoniac : role précurseur de la glutamine." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3465/01/Thèse_C_NIQUET_30Oct2007.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the identification of the structure and mechanisms of formation of some non-volatile Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The principle goal was to achieve a better understanding of the precursory role of the glutamine. Unlike that of the volatile molecules, the knowledge of non-volatile compounds is very limited. Moreover glutamine with a similar structure to asparagine has two nitrogen atoms likely to take part in the Maillard reaction: the α-amine and ammonia resulting from a lactamisation. In this context we looked for, isolated and characterized the non-volatile MRPs which are likely to be formed during the heat treatment of foods rich in glutamine or ammonia. Using various analytical tools (HPLC, fluorescence, mass spectrometry, NMR …) we detected four fluorophores resulting from the reaction between glutamine and methylglyoxal. One of them, the 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylnicotonic acid (HDNA), was identified as being the main fluorophore formed. A second simple model with glutamine and glucose enabled us to identify two oly-hydroxyalkyl-pyrazines partially studied in the literature. Finally the search for these MRPs in some foodstuffs revealed the presence of the two non-volatile pyrazines in various heated tomato sauces (glutamine-rich foods) and in biscuits containing ammonium bicarbonate. The presence of the HDNA in food remains to be checked. In the future it will be important to evaluate the organoleptic properties and the physiopathological impact of these ingested MRPs
Thomas, Caroline. "Préservation de l'arôme dans un jambon cuit non nitrité." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22522.
Full textSodium nitrite is an essential ingredient in the cooked ham production process, yet its use is under challenge due to food safety concerns. Sodium nitrite is a multifunctional additive used for its ability to act on several fronts—from inhibiting oxidation and preventing microbial growth to giving desirable colour and aroma. This study focused on the aroma function under a wider objective to reduce nitrite use in cooked ham processing. Using several complementary methods with gas chromatography–olfactometry, we first identified 2- methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-methyl-3-(methyldithio)furan and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl)disulfide as the odour- active sulphur-compounds responsible for cooked ham flavour. It emerged that in the absence of nitrite—and therefore the absence of inhibited oxidation—the massive formation of an array of odour-active compounds produced by oxidative breakdown tended to disrupt the overall aroma of the final cooked ham. Next, in an effort to restore this aroma in the absence of nitrite, the study was organized into two strands, where the first strand aimed to promote the production of key aroma-active sulphur-compounds while the second strand aimed to minimize the formation of aroma-disruptive oxidation compounds by using natural antioxidants. This research was led on model cooked mini-hams. We identified thiamine as the major precursor of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-methyl-3-(methyldithio)furan and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl)disulfide under cooked ham production conditions, and we selected acerola, cranberry, onion and tea extracts as natural antioxidants. The coupled evaluations of oxidation and aroma showed that the formulated mixture of these four extracts not only equalled the antioxidant performances of added sodium nitrite but also lifted the “cooked ham” head note compared to the reference no-added-nitrite formulation. The association of thiamine and vegetal extracts ultimately made it possible to produce no-added-nitrite hams that, in terms of aroma and oxidation levels, proved almost identical to nitrite-added ham. The engineered formulations thus offer a good research track to suppress the sodium nitrite in cooked ham. The problem of how to restore the distinctive pink colour of cooked ham is an issue that remains to be resolved, and the ability of these new formulations to inhibit microbial growth needs to be validated
Chabassier, Juliette. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d'un piano par modèles physiques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/67/88/18/PDF/These.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this study is the time domain modeling and numerical simulation of a piano. We aim at explaining the vibratory and acoustical behavior of the piano, by taking into account the main elements that contribute to sound production. The soundboard is modeled as a bidimensional thick, orthotropic, heterogeneous, frequency dependant damped plate, using Reissner Mindlin equations. The vibroacoustics equations allow the soundboard to radiate into the surrounding air, in which we wish to compute the complete acoustical field around the perfectly rigid rim. The soundboard is also coupled to the strings at the bridge, where they form a slight angle from horizontal. Each string is modeled by a one dimensional damped system of equations, taking into account not only the transversal waves excited by the hammer, but also the stiffness thanks to shear waves, as well as the longitudinal waves arising from geometric nonlinearities. The hammer is given an initial velocity that projects it towards a choir of strings, before being repelled. The interacting force is a nonlinear function of the hammer compression. The final piano model that will be discretized is a coupled system of partial differential equations, each of them exhibiting specific difficulties (nonlinear nature of the string system of equations, frequency dependant damping of the soundboard, great number of unknowns required for the acoustic propagation), in addition to couplings' inherent difficulties. On the one hand, numerical stability of the discrete scheme can be compromised by nonlinear and coupling terms. A very efficient way to guarantee this stability is to construct a numerical scheme which ensures the conservation (or dissipation) of a discrete equivalent of the continuous energy, across time steps. A major contribution of this work has been to develop energy preserving schemes for a class of nonlinear systems of equations, in which enters the string model. On the other hand, numerical efficiency and computation time reduction require that the unknowns of each problem's part, for which time discretization is specific, hence different, be updated separately. To achieve this artificial decoupling, adapted Schur complements are performed after Lagrange multipliers are introduced. The potential of this time domain piano modeling is emphasized by realistic numerical simulations. Beyond greatly replicating the measurements, the program allows us to investigate the influence of physical phenomena (string stiffness or nonlinearity), geometry or materials on the general vibratory behavior of the piano, sound included. Spectral enrichment, " phantom partials " and nonlinear precursors are clearly revealed when large playing amplitudes are involved, highlighting how this approach can help better understand how a piano works
Bouliez, Jean-Luc. "Conversions thermiques de nouveaux modèles de précéramiques multi-composants : les complexes « Silatrane-XCL4 » ; X = Ti, Zr." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD340.
Full textNovoa, Serrano Néstor-Alonso. "Complexes asymétriques de NiII et CuII à ligands base de Schiff tridentates ONO, précurseurs de nouveaux adduits dipolaires push-pull : étude de leurs propriétés optiques non linéaires du second ordre (ONL-2)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S018/document.
Full textElectron donating and electron withdrawing ligand precursors R-ONOH₂ were prepared by monocondensation reaction of the appropriate β-diketones and 1,2- and 1,2-4-nitro-aminophenol, respectively. They do exclusively exist as their enaminone tautomeric form both in solid-state and in solution phase. In their corresponding Schiff base complexes of NiII and CuII, the central metal is tetracoordinated in a square-planar environment. The coordination sphere is formed by the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the dianionic tridentate ligand and the fourth coordination site is occupied by the nitrogen atom of the pyridine co-ligand. The derivative exhibited a high quadratic hyperpolarizability (β1.91) determined by the HLS technique. Substitution of 4,4’-bipyridine for pyridine invariably leads to the formation of the respective dimers [(R-ONO)MII(4,4’-bipy)MII(ONO-R)]. A similar compound having the bis(4-pyridyle)acetylene as spacer was formed upon cross-coupling Sonogashira reaction with ethynylpyridine chlorhydrate. The same cross-coupling reaction carried out between the electron releasing and electron withdrawing building blocks, respectively, allowed the preparation of the expected «push-pull» D-π-A system. The second-order NLO responses of compounds bearing a redox active methylenepyran ligand can be modulated upon reversible bi- (R = An) and tetra- (R = Fc) oxydation involving C-C bond formation/breaking reactions, thus forming a new class of NLO molecular switches
Agez, Gonzague. "Effets du bruit et d'un flot transverse sur les instabilités spatio-temporelles dans un système optique à cristaux liquides." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Agez.pdf.
Full textSauvage, Stéphane. "Origine et comportement des composés hydrocarbonés non méthaniques (HCMN) en zone rurale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10098.
Full textNon-methane hydrocarbons (HCNM) play a key role in atmosphere chemistry as precursors of secondary pollutants formation like ozone or secondary organic aerosols. This works presents the analysis of an important datas et of 46 HCNM measured in three rural sites belonging to the French network (MERA). Statistical tools are used and adapted in order to study the spatial and temporal behaviour ofthese species in rural area. The research approach combined three steps: (1) univariate and bivariate analysis to a spatial and a temporal studies of the concentrations, (2) the used of the source receptor model PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) to identity and apport ion the source of HCNM in rural area, (3) the adaptation of the oriented receptor model CF (Concentration Fields) in order to localise the main areas which influence the studied sites. Five common profiles have been identified for the three sites: "residential heating", "vehicle exhaust"; "fuel evaporation", "biogenic", and "remote sources". The relative contributions are in good accordance with the emissions inventory data and with results of other studies. These contributions allowed distinguishing local and remote influences. The ozone formation contributions of the modelled factors show that biogenic sources trend to significantly increase while anthropogenic sources decrease. That may explain that background levels of ozone do not decrease in Europe despite the anthropogenic emission reduction. Large urban areas (South of Germany and North of Italy) have been identitied as potentially at the origin of anthropogenic NMHC measured on the three French sites
Petitdidier, Catherine. "Etude des modalités d'expression de certaines voies métaboliques de production d'arômes par des micro-organismes d'affinage des fromages à pâte pressée non cuite : précurseurs et systèmes enzymatiques impliqués dans le catabolisme des acides aminés." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22334.
Full textChabassier, Juliette. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d'un piano par modèles physiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00690351.
Full textSauvage, Stéphane. "Origine et comportement des composés hydrocarbonés non méthaniques (HCMN) en zone rurale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10098/document.
Full textNon-methane hydrocarbons (HCNM) play a key role in atmosphere chemistry as precursors of secondary pollutants formation like ozone or secondary organic aerosols. This works presents the analysis of an important datas et of 46 HCNM measured in three rural sites belonging to the French network (MERA). Statistical tools are used and adapted in order to study the spatial and temporal behaviour ofthese species in rural area. The research approach combined three steps: (1) univariate and bivariate analysis to a spatial and a temporal studies of the concentrations, (2) the used of the source receptor model PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) to identity and apport ion the source of HCNM in rural area, (3) the adaptation of the oriented receptor model CF (Concentration Fields) in order to localise the main areas which influence the studied sites. Five common profiles have been identified for the three sites: "residential heating", "vehicle exhaust"; "fuel evaporation", "biogenic", and "remote sources". The relative contributions are in good accordance with the emissions inventory data and with results of other studies. These contributions allowed distinguishing local and remote influences. The ozone formation contributions of the modelled factors show that biogenic sources trend to significantly increase while anthropogenic sources decrease. That may explain that background levels of ozone do not decrease in Europe despite the anthropogenic emission reduction. Large urban areas (South of Germany and North of Italy) have been identitied as potentially at the origin of anthropogenic NMHC measured on the three French sites
AGEZ, Gonzague. "Effets du bruit et d'un flot transverse sur les instabilités spatio-temporelles dans un système optique à cristaux liquides." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010207.
Full textRoig, Rodelas Roger. "Chemical characterization, sources and origins of secondary inorganic aerosols measured at a suburban site in Northern France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR017.
Full textTropospheric fine particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) may impact health, climate and ecosystems. Secondary inorganic (SIA) and organic aerosols (OA) contribute largely to PM2.5. To understand their formation and origin, a 1-year campaign (August 2015 to July 2016) of inorganic precursor gases and PM2.5 water-soluble ions was performed at an hourly resolution at a suburban site in northern France using a MARGA 1S, complemented by mass concentrations of PM2.5, Black Carbon, nitrogen oxides and trace elements. The highest levels of ammonium nitrate (AN) and sulfate were observed at night in spring and during daytime in summer, respectively. A source apportionment study performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) determined 8 source factors, 3 having a regional origin (sulfate-rich, nitrate-rich, marine) contributing to PM2.5 mass for 73-78%; and 5 a local one (road traffic, biomass combustion, metal industry background, local industry and dust) (22-27%). In addition, a HR-ToF-AMS (aerosol mass spectrometer) and a SMPS (particle sizer) were deployed during an intensive winter campaign, to gain further insight on OA composition and new particle formation, respectively. The application of PMF to the AMS OA mass spectra allowed identifying 5 source factors: hydrocarbon-like (15%), cooking-like (11%), oxidized biomass burning (25%), less- and more-oxidized oxygenated factors (16% and 33%, respectively). Combining the SMPS size distribution with the chemical speciation of the aerosols and precursor gases allowed the identification of nocturnal new particle formation (NPF) events associated to the formation of SIA, in particular AN
Machefert, Jean-Michel. "Contribution des méthodes spectroscopiques d'analyse à l'étude de l'oxydation du cuivre OFHC." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES021.
Full textRedolfi, Michaël. "Etude de l' Oxydation de différents types d'hydrocarbures par des procédés utilisant des techniques de déharges électriques non- thermiques à pression atmosphérique: application à la problématique du démarrage à froid." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358147.
Full textRahem, Neel. "Synthèses de précurseurs carbonylés γ, δ - insaturés via un réarrangement de Claisen [3,3] : vers une nouvelle voie de synthèses d'acides aminés non naturels." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3394/1/M11487.pdf.
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