Journal articles on the topic 'Precocious fruiting'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Precocious fruiting.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 27 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Precocious fruiting.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Piskunova, T. M., and E. Kh Sukhanberdina. "Evaluation of the cucumber gene pool of the VIR collection on precocity and fruiting period under the conditions of the Lower Volga region." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-1-16-21.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. In connection with the annual epiphytotic development of peronosporosis (Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostow. on cucumber and the absence varieties immune to this disease, it is advisable to create and cultivate precocious varieties and hybrids that can form the main part of the yield before the period of mass spread of the disease. In order to rationally use the cucumber gene pool long-term research of the world collection is carried out to search of sources of yield, precocity and resistance to peronosporosis.Material and methods. The studies were conducted at Volgograd Experimental Station of VIR (Volgograd province). The research material was 370 cucumber accessions from the world collection of VIR. Evaluation of accessions on a complex of signs was carried out according to methodical guidelines of VIR.Results and conclusions. Long-term study of cucumber accessions of various geographical origin showed that the duration of the interphase period "mass seedlings - the first harvest of fruits" did not differ significantly in samples of different geographical groups, most of them belong to the early ripening. It was found that the duration of the fruiting period depended on the degree of resistance of plants to peronosporosis: the higher the resistance of the variety or hybrid, the longer the fruiting period. A number of precocious, yielding hybrids and varieties, as well as samples with a long period of fruiting and relative resistance to peronosporosis, were allocated. The perspective material for the decision of separate problems in breeding of a cucumber is recommended.
2
Butler, Gillian M. "Induction of precocious fruiting by a diffusible factor in the polypore Phellinus contiguus." Mycological Research 99, no. 3 (March 1995): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80907-6.
Full text
3
Schupp, James R. "GROWTH AND FRUITING OF `DELICIOUS' APPLE ON CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS IN THE 1984 NC-140 PLANTING IN MAINE." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 481e—481. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.481e.
Full textAbstract:
In 1984 trees of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh) on 16 rootstocks were planted at 30 sites in North America according to guidelines established for cooperative testing by the North Central Regional Cooperative Project (NC-140). Tree loss and root suckering in the Maine planting have been low, similar to that of other sites. Tree size in Maine is smallest amoung all sites after seven seasons. Trees on Budagovsky 9 (B.9) rootstock were the most precocious, producing significantly higher flower numbers and yield in the third year. Other precocious root-stocks in this planting included C.6, M.26EMLA, M.7EMLA and P.1. After seven years, B.9, C.6 and M.26EMLA were the most productive amoung the dwarf trees, and consequently are the most efficient. P.1 and M.7EMLA were the most productive amoung the more vigorous stocks. This trial will be conducted for 3 more seasons, however it appears that B.9, C.6 and P.1 may have potential as rootstocks for commercial apple orchards in New England.
4
Schupp, James R. "GROWTH AND FRUITING OF 'DELICIOUS' APPLE ON CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS IN THE 1984 NC-140 PLANTING IN MAINE." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1162e—1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1162e.
Full textAbstract:
In 1984 trees of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple (Malus domestica, Borkh) on 16 rootstocks were planted at 32 sites In Morth America according to guidelines established for cooperative testing by the North Central Regional Cooperative Project (NC--140). Tree loss and root suckering in the Maine planting have been low, similar to that of other sites. Tree size in Maine is smallest amoung all sites after eight seasons. Trees on Budagovsky 9 (B.9) rootstock were the most precocious, producing significantly higher flower numbers and yield in the third year. Other precocious rootstocks in this planting included C.6, M.26EMLA, M.7EMLA and P.l. After eight years, B.9, C.6 and M.26EMLA were the most productive amoung the dwarf trees. P.l and M.7EMLA were the most productive amoung the more vigorous stocks. Heavy croping trees on dwarf rootstocks leaned more due to hurricane winds than larger better anchored trees which lost a larger proportion of their crop. B.9, C.6 and P.1 may have potential as rootstocks for commercial apple orchards in New England.
5
Pliszko, Artur, and Artur Górecki. "First observation of true vivipary in Grindelia squarrosa (Asteraceae)." Biologia 76, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11756-021-00713-0.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn flowering plants, true vivipary is defined as the precocious seed germination and the growth of the embryo to a considerable size before dispersal. True vivipary occurs mostly in mangroves and is very rare in Asteraceae. In this study, we present the first observation of true vivipary in Grindelia squarrosa, a North American member of Asteraceae, from a new locality in Poland. We examined 50 fruiting capitula which were collected in October 2020 in Brzegi, southern Poland. True vivipary occurred in 90% of capitula; however, the number of germinated seeds was low (3.42 on average) and very variable (CV = 106%). Seed germination was found only in fruits developed from disc flowers. We presumed that precocious seed germination in G. squarrosa was induced by prolonged rainfall. The importance of true vivipary in naturalization and invasion of G. squarrosa as well as the involvement of viviparous seedlings in autochory should be further explored.
6
Wheaton, T. A., W. S. Castle, J. D. Whitney, and D. P. H. Tucker. "Performance of Citrus Scion Cultivars and Rootstock in a High-density Planting." HortScience 26, no. 7 (July 1991): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.7.837.
Full textAbstract:
`Hamlin' and `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], `Murcott' tangor (C. reticulata Blanco × C. sinensis), and `Redblush' grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) on 15 rootstock and own-rooted cuttings were planted at a 1.5 × 3.3-m spacing providing a density of 2020 trees/ha. Growth rate, productivity, and fruit quality varied among the scion and stock combinations. Combinations of moderate vigor and precocious fruiting performed better than very vigorous or dwarfing materials. Several freezes slowed canopy development and delayed production. Most trees had filled their allocated canopy space 7 years after planting. At that age, the orange trees yielded 23 to 75 t·ha-1. Scion and stock combinations with desirable vigor and fruiting characteristics were satisfactory in this high-density planting. However, there appears to be little advantage of high tree density under Florida conditions, and moderate densities of fewer than 1000 trees/ha may be preferable.
7
Walsh, Christopher S., Arthur H. Thompson, and Richard H. Zimmerman. "A PRELIMINARY COMPARISON OF `GALA' APPLE TREES ON A RANGE OF SIZE-CONTROLLING ROOTSTOCKS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1103e—1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1103e.
Full textAbstract:
`Gala' apples are increasing in worldwide popularity. Despite this, little information on the cultivars vigor, precocity, or interaction with size-controlling rootstock is available. In 1985, a factorial planting was set to study these variables. `Gala' and `Golden Delicious' trees were found similar in precocity. Cumulative yields were about 20 kg per tree after the fifth leaf. `McIntosh' and `Delicious' trees were less precocious. `Gala' trees were also quite vigorous. Tree size and yield efficiency data will be presented, comparing `Gala' with other cultivars budded onto M 7a, MM 111, or propagated in tissue culture as scion-rooted plants. Tree management techniques have been identified that decrease fruit size. Trees budded onto precocious rootstock, and fruited heavily on one-year wood produce small-sized fruit. This tendency is pronounced on trees fruiting in the second leaf, or on older trees damaged by late-spring freezes that reduce the proportion of crop borne on spurs.
8
Mehlenbacher, Shawn A., and David C. Smith. "Effect of Spacing and Sucker Removal on Precocity of Hazelnut Seedlings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 3 (May 1992): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.3.523.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of parentage, spacing, and sucker removal on precocity of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) seedlings was investigated. Wider spacing (1.2 vs. 0.6 m) within the row doubled the number of nuts per seedling in the 5th year but had no effect on nut count in the 3rd or 4th year, nor did it affect the percentage of seedlings bearing nuts in any of the three years. Differences among the four progenies were highly significant for number of clusters, number of nuts, and percentage of seedlings bearing nuts in all years and for number of years to first fruiting. The progeny `Barcelona' × OSU 55.097 had the most bearing seedlings in, the 3rd year but was outperformed by `Casina' × OSU 55.129 in the 4th and 5th years. Number of years to first fruiting varied from 4.3 for `Casina' × OSU 55.129 to 5.2 for `Tombul' × `Tonda di Giffoni'. Sucker removal increased both the percentage of seedlings bearing nuts and the number of nuts per seedlings, but the difference was not significant until the 5th year. Sucker removal reduced the length of the juvenile phase by 3 months. The use of precocious parents was more effective than sucker removal in shortening the juvenile period, while sucker removal and wide spacing within seedling rows increased the number of nuts produced by seedlings in the 5th year. Selection of seedlings for early initiation of bearing will shorten the breeding cycle, and the resulting new cultivars will be precocious when planted in commercial orchards.
9
Lechowicz, Martin J. "Seasonality of flowering and fruiting in temperate forest trees." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-021.
Full textAbstract:
The phenology of leaf presence and photosynthetic activity together set a potential limit on tree productivity in a seasonal climate; similarly, the seasonal timing of flowering and fruiting can decide tree reproductive success. The capacity for long-term storage of photosynthate appears to override any necessary functional linkage between these two critical aspects of tree phenology. Foliar and reproductive phenology in broadleaf deciduous trees of the temperate zone are only weakly coupled within a growing season, especially in precocious flowering trees that mature their fruits in early summer. In species that fruit in late summer and fall, leaf emergence and flowering can be entrained by shared responses to the progressive warming of early spring but with only limited effect on the timing of fruit maturation. The timing of foliar senescence and fruit maturation is correlated only in fall-fruiting trees but as a common response to fall climate rather than the outcome of foliar retranslocation of resources to developing fruits. The possibility exists that global climate change may disrupt these patterns of foliar and reproductive phenology, but the magnitude of the effect will depend on the poorly studied balance of thermal versus photoperiodic cues for phenological events. Key words: phenology, leaf senescence, bud burst, seed dispersal, global climate change.
10
Scott, C. H. "THE EFFECT OF TWO PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE INHIBITION OF PRECOCIOUS FRUITING IN PINEAPPLE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 334 (October 1993): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.334.8.
Full text
11
Akinnifesi, Festus K., Simon A. Mng'omba, Gudeta Sileshi, Thomson G. Chilanga, Jarret Mhango, Oluyede C. Ajayi, Sebastian Chakeredza, Betserai I. Nyoka, and France M. T. Gondwe. "Propagule Type Affects Growth and Fruiting of Uapaca kirkiana, a Priority Indigenous Fruit Tree of Southern Africa." HortScience 44, no. 6 (October 2009): 1662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.6.1662.
Full textAbstract:
One of the limitations of Uapaca kirkiana on-farm cultivation is the long juvenile phase to reach a stable fruiting stage. Marcots and grafts have been identified as feasible and reliable propagation methods for precocious fruiting, but the effects of different propagule types on tree growth and fruit yield have not been evaluated. There is limited knowledge on development and growth forms for trees derived from different propagules. Grafts and marcots were compared with saplings to assess the variability in 1) field growth and fruiting of U. kirkiana; and 2) dry matter allocation pattern and tree development models among trees derived from different propagules. Tree development models were used to examine differences among trees from different propagules. The results show that number of branches and fruit load significantly differed between vegetative propagules and saplings, whereas tree height, root collar diameter, crown spread, and fruit size and weight were similar 8 years after establishment. The results suggest differences in intraspecific scaling relationships between height and diameter among propagule sources. Saplings showed a significantly better fit (r2 = 0.891; P < 0.0001) to the scaling relationship than grafts (r2 = 0.724; P = 0.002) and marcots (r2 = 0.533; P = 0.018). After 3 years, marcots and grafts started producing fruits. Fruit load was greatest in marcots despite some fruit abortions; thus, marcots had greater fruit yield, early growth, and development and better dry matter allocation.
12
Lang, Gregory A. "668 Precocious, Dwarfing, and Productive—Will New Rootstocks Ruin the Sweet Cherry Industry?" HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 563C—563. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.563c.
Full textAbstract:
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium) can be one of the most profitable tree fruit cultivated in temperate climates. While cherry trees grow naturally to relatively tall heights, new size-controlling cherry rootstocks similar to those used in high-density apple orchards are now a reality. The Gisela series from Germany, the Gran Manier series from Belgium, the Weiroot series, the P-HL series, Tabel Edabriz, and others of international origin are at various stages of scientific and field testing in North America, with some now moving into commercial fruit production. These stocks confer several highly advantageous traits besides vigor control, including precocious fruiting and high productivity. While these obvious traits are exciting, serious problems have also been documented, on occassion, with such phenomena as small fruit size and tree decline. As many of these rootstocks are interspecific Prunus hybrids, might there be significant limitations for fruit quality and orchard longevity? What is known about their susceptibilities to pathogens and pests? What is known about their tolerance to various soil types and/or climatological stresses? Further, with the U.S. and worldwide orchard area planted to fresh-market sweet cherries already expanding to record levels throughout the 1990s and a time-honored agricultural trend toward overproduction until grower profits are minimized (see recent international apple markets), what might be the future impact of such precocious, productive rootstocks on sweet cherry profitability and sustainable production? This overview will address these topics, providing some answers and some areas for future scientific investigation and discussion.
13
Lang, Gregory A. "Precocious, Dwarfing, and Productive—How Will New Cherry Rootstocks Impact the Sweet Cherry Industry?" HortTechnology 10, no. 4 (January 2000): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.719.
Full textAbstract:
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) can be one of the most profitable tree fruits cultivated in temperate climates. While cherry trees grow naturally to relatively tall heights (≈35 ft [≥10 m]), new size-controlling cherry rootstocks similar to those used in high-density apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards are now a reality. The Gisela (GI.) and Weiroot (W.) series from Germany, the Gran Manier (GM.) series from Belgium, the P-HL series from Czech Republic, `Tabel Edabriz' from France, and others of international origin are at various stages of scientific and field testing in North America, with some now being used for commercial fruit production. These stocks confer several advantageous traits besides vigor control, including precocious fruiting and high productivity. While these beneficial traits are exciting, serious problems also have been documented on occasion, such as small fruit size and tree decline. As many of these rootstocks are interspecific Prunus L. hybrids, might there be significant limitations for fruit quality and orchard longevity? What is known about their tolerance to various soil types and/or climatological stresses? What is known about their susceptibilities to pathogens and pests? Further, with the U.S. and worldwide orchard area planted to fresh-market sweet cherries already expanding to record levels throughout the 1990s and a time-honored agricultural tendency toward overproduction until grower profits are minimized (e.g., recent international apple markets), what might be the future impact of such precocious, productive rootstocks on sweet cherry profitability and sustainable production? This overview addresses these topics, providing some answers and some areas for future scientific investigation and industry discussion.
14
Rieger, Mark, Gerard Krewer, Pam Lewis, Mindy Linton, and Tom McClendon. "Field Evaluation of Cold Hardy Citrus in Coastal Georgia." HortTechnology 13, no. 3 (January 2003): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.3.0540.
Full textAbstract:
Sixteen cultivars of citrus (Citrus spp.) and close citrus relatives were planted in Savannah, Georgia to evaluate their potential as fruiting landscape trees in an area that routinely experiences minimum temperatures of 15 to 20 °F (-9.4 to -6.7 °C) during winter. Three to six trees of each cultivar were planted in 1998, and stem dieback and defoliation data were collected in 1999, 2001, and 2002. During the 4 years of the study, air temperatures fell below 32 °F (0.0 °C) 27 to 62 times per season, with absolute minima ranging from 13 to 18 °F (-10.6 to -7.8 °C), depending on year. In general, kumquats (Fortunella spp.), represented by `Meiwa', `Nagami', and `Longevity', were completely killed (or nearly so) in their first year in the field after air temperature minima of 13.5 °F (-10.28 °C). Others experiencing 100% dieback were `Meyer' lemon (Citrus limon × C. reticulata) and `Eustis' limequat (C. aurantifolia × Fortunella japonica), which were tested twice during the study. Kumquat hybrids, including procimequat [(C. aurantifolia × F. japonica) × F. hindsii), `Sinton' citrangequat [(C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) × unknown kumquat], `Mr John's Longevity' citrangequat [(C. sinensis × P. trifoliata) × F. obovat], razzlequat (Eremocitrus glauca × unknown kumquat), and `Nippon' orangequat (C. unshiu × F. crassifolia) survived freezing, but all experienced at least some defoliation and stem dieback. `Owari' satsuma (C. unshiu), `Changsha' mandarin (C. reticulata), nansho daidai (C. taiwanica) and ichang papeda (C. ichangensis) experienced only minor stem dieback but substantial defoliation in most years, except that ichang papeda was substantially damaged in the last year of the study. Seven cultivars produced fruit at least once during their first 4 years: nansho daidai, ichang papeda, `Nippon' orangequat, `Mr John's Longevity' citrangequat, `Owari' satsuma, `Changsha' mandarin, and procimequat. Based on cold hardiness, fruiting, and growth characteristics, `Owari' satsuma, `Changsha' mandarin, `Mr John's Longevity' citrangequat, and `Nippon' orangequat provided the hardiest, most precocious and desirable fruiting landscape trees in this study.
15
Doherty, Michael D., A. Malcolm Gill, Geoffrey J. Cary, and Mike P. Austin. "Seed viability of early maturing alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis subsp. delegatensis) in the Australian Alps, south-eastern Australia, and its implications for management under changing fire regimes." Australian Journal of Botany 65, no. 7 (2017): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17068.
Full textAbstract:
Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T. Baker subsp. delegatensis is an interval-sensitive, fire-killed eucalypt that dominates large tracts of montane forest in the Australian Alps. Although it has been widely accepted in forest management that E. delegatensis takes 20 years to flower and fruit after stand-replacing fire events, recent observations after high intensity fires in the Australian Alps have shown that early flowering and fruiting is occurring from what can be termed ‘precocious’ individuals in some areas. In some instances, early flowering and fruit set is occurring within 6 years after stand-replacing fire. One historical study in the Australian Capital Territory had noted that such seed was viable, but we found no reported experiments documenting this or detailing the degree of viability. Here we discuss the results of a germination experiment undertaken on seed collected from Namadgi National Park from early-maturing alpine ash trees. Although at the low end of known viability estimates for E. delegatensis, seed from these individuals was nonetheless found to be viable, with a mean of 455 (s.d. = 139) germinants per 10 g of chaff and seed mix. We discuss this result in relation to fire management in the Australian Alps and suggest further research that needs to be undertaken to better document and understand the phenomenon.
16
Kuan, Ching-San, Chih-Wen Yu, Mei-Li Lin, Hsin-Tszu Hsu, Duane P. Bartholomew, and Chin-Ho Lin. "Foliar Application of Aviglycine Reduces Natural Flowering in Pineapple." HortScience 40, no. 1 (February 2005): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.123.
Full textAbstract:
Natural flowering of pineapple is a serious problem for commercial growers of pineapple because it disrupts fruiting schedules, decreases harvesting efficiency and increases costs, and may reduce the percentage of marketable fruit. Aviglycine ([S]-trans-2-amino-4-(2 aminoethoxy)-3-butenoic acid hydrochloride), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, was applied as a foliar spray to evaluate its potential to prevent natural flowering in 1-year-old `Tainon 18' pineapple. Two experiments were conducted between 10 Oct. and 10 Apr. during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 production seasons. For the 2001-02 season, single or double applications of aviglycine at 100 mg L-1 had no significant effect on natural flowering. A double application of aviglycine at 500 mg L-1 first applied on 9 Nov. reduced flowering from 95.0% in the control to 51.3% when evaluated on 25 Feb. 2002. In the 2002-03 production season, triple applications of aviglycine applied at 20-day intervals beginning on 10 Nov. 2002 significantly reduced natural flowering when evaluated on 28 Mar. 2003. There was 95.8% flowering in the control, 64.6% with 250 and 375 mg L-1 aviglycine, and 50% with 500 mg L-1 aviglycine. Aviglycine has the potential to partially control precocious flowering of pineapple, which will reduce crop losses associated with such flowering.
17
Antipova, N. Yu, and E. V. Kashnova. "Modern aspects and results of sweet pepper breeding in Western Siberia." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-53-56.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. In Siberia, sweet pepper is grown both in the open and in the protected ground. For a short Siberian summer, it is important to have varieties adapted to the local bioclimatic potential: early ripening, for obtaining valuable products in the middle of summer, and the possibility of conducting seed production. The priority direction is the creation of varieties that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, with high yield, product quality, and high vitamin C content.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in film unheated greenhouses and in the open ground at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station-a branch of the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing. The material for research was collected, selected samples, varieties of pepper.Results and discussion. Breeding work on the culture of sweet pepper at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station was started in the late 60s of the last century, active work – in the early 90s. The conditions of the sharply continental climate, with its mild frost-free period, require the creation of varieties capable of obtaining a commercial pepper crop, despite the negative impact of biofactors. The use of precocious varieties gives a guaranteed harvest by avoiding early autumn frosts. Breeding for precocity is one of the main directions of Siberian breeding. Over the years of selection, models of future varieties were created, more than 20 varieties of sweet pepper of various varietal types were created. The varieties obtained at the station all belong to the early-maturing group, with a period from germination to the first fruit harvest-98-116 days, a height of 40-80 cm during the fruiting period, compact, suitable for growing without a garter to the trellis. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the initial breeding material, donors of economically valuable traits were selected, the inclusion of which in the breeding process contributed to the creation of a number of precocious pepper varieties of various variety types. The created varieties have a high biological potential in terms of adaptability, productivity, and biochemical parameters. Suitable for growing in various production sectors.
18
Black, Brent L., and Mark K. Ehlenfeldt. "Foliar Applications of GA4+7 Reduce Flowering in Highbush Blueberry." HortScience 42, no. 3 (June 2007): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.555.
Full textAbstract:
Precocious varieties of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) may overcrop during the first few seasons in the fruiting field, adversely affecting plant establishment. Reducing or preventing bloom in the nursery and during establishment would be beneficial in preventing early cropping and reducing the risk of infection by pollenborne viruses. We investigated the efficacy of foliar applications of GA4+7 for suppressing flower bud initiation in blueberry. One-year-old rooted cuttings of ‘Bluecrop’ were obtained from a commercial nursery and established in 11-L pots at the Philip E. Marucci Blueberry and Cranberry Research Center, Chatsworth, N.J. Three separate experiments were conducted over three seasons with ‘Bluecrop’ (and ‘Duke’ in 2005) highbush blueberry where foliar applications of GA4+7 were made at concentrations ranging from 50 to 400 mg·L−1 a.i., with timing treatments ranging from 7 July to 15 Sept., with 10 replicate plants per treatment. Floral and vegetative buds were counted the following spring. In the first study, the greatest degree of flower bud suppression resulted from applications at 400 mg·L−1 repeated weekly from 7 July to 1 Sept. However, these treatments also reduced total vegetative bud number and plant height. In the two subsequent studies, the largest treatment effect resulted from three weekly applications in late August and early September, where flower bud numbers were suppressed by 70% to 85% for ‘Bluecrop’ and 95% for ‘Duke’ while total vegetative growth was unaffected.
19
Black, Brent, Mark Ehlenfeldt, and Robert Martin. "Suppression of Flowering in `Bluecrop' Highbush Blueberry." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1012C—1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1012c.
Full textAbstract:
Precocious varieties of highbush blueberry may over-crop during the first few seasons in the fruiting field, adversely affecting plant establishment. Reducing or preventing bloom in the nursery and during establishment would be beneficial in preventing early cropping and reducing the risk of infection by pollen-borne viruses. We investigated the efficacy of foliar applications of ProVide® (Valent BioSciences), a commercial GA4+7 formulation, for suppressing flower bud initiation in blueberry. One-year-old rooted cuttings of `Bluecrop' were obtained from a commercial nursery and established in 11-L pots at the Blueberry and Cranberry Research Center, Chatsworth, N.J. Dilute foliar applications of ProVide® were made at concentrations ranging from 50 to 400 mg·L-1 a.i., ranging from 7 July to 1 Sept. 2004, with 10 replicate plants per treatment. Floral and vegetative buds were counted the following spring. A separate experiment was initiated in 2005, with concentrations of 200 and 400 mg·L-1 a.i. applied in August and September. For the 2004 study, the greatest flower bud suppression resulted from repeat applications at 400 mg·L-1 a.i. Weekly applications from 7 July to 1 Sept. resulted in a 70% reduction in flower bud number, whereas three weekly applications from 18 Aug. to 1 Sept. reduced flower bud number by >88%. Neither treatment significantly reduced total bud numbers (vegetative + floral) compared to untreated and water-sprayed controls, indicating that the treatments did not reduce plant growth. Results for the 2005 treatments will also be presented.
20
Whiting, Matthew D., and David Ophardt. "Comparing Novel Sweet Cherry Crop Load Management Strategies." HortScience 40, no. 5 (August 2005): 1271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1271.
Full textAbstract:
The development of novel crop load management techniques will be critical to the adoption and success of high density sweet cherry orchard systems based on new clonal rootstocks. Herein we report on a comparison of potential means of balancing crop load of `Bing' sweet cherry grown on the productive and precocious rootstocks `Gisela 5' and `Gisela 6'. In 2002, thinning treatments were applied to entire trees and consisted of an unthinned control (C), and manual removal of 50% of the blossoms (B) or 50% of 2-year-old and older fruiting spurs (S), throughout the tree. In 2003 all trees were left unthinned to characterize the carry-over effect of thinning treatment in 2002. In 2002, compared to C, thinned trees had 38% to 49% fewer fruit per tree, 22% to 42% lower yield, 8% to 26% higher fruit weight, and 2% to 10% larger fruit diameter. S and B treatments reduced yield by 42% and 22% on `Gisela 5' and by 40% and 31% on `Gisela 6', respectively. `Gisela 5'-rooted trees showed greater improvements in fruit quality than did trees on `Gisela 6'. Compared to C-, S-, and B-treated trees on `Gisela 5' yielded fruit that was 15% and 26% heavier, respectively. Yield of fruit ≥25.5 mm diameter was increased by 240% by S and 880% by B, though yield of this size fruit was still low (1.5 and 5.2 kg/tree, respectively). Neither technique had any beneficial carryover effect in the year following treatment despite S trees bearing about 25% fewer fruit than B and C trees. In both years, `Gisela 5'-rooted trees bore about 15% fewer fruit than trees on `Gisela 6'. Compared to `Gisela 5', `Gisela 6'-rooted trees were about 41%, 46%, and 24% more productive for C, S, and B, respectively. Number of fruit/tree in 2003 was within 4% and 8% of the previous year on `Gisela 6' and `Gisela 5', respectively. Crop value analyses suggest growers would be rewarded for producing high yields of medium size fruit (e.g., 21.5 to 25.4 mm) compared to low yields of high quality fruit.
21
Uteulin, K. R., and K. Zh Zhambakin. "TABLE OF CONTENTS AND LOCALIZATION OF RUBBER IN THE ROOTS OF KOK-SAGHYZ (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin)." REPORTS 6, no. 334 (December 15, 2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.134.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents biological features, botanical description, and the results of the anatomical and physiological study of the Dandelion kok-saghyz (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin), a valuable resource plant of world significance. Kok-saghyz is used as a technical culture, a source of high-quality rubber. Natural rubber is widely used in the rubber industry for the production of tires for automobiles, aircrafts, bicycles, as well as shoes, medical gloves and other products. The global rubber industry faces the real danger of the destruction of plantations of the main source of natural rubber - the rubber tree of hevea (Hevea brasiliensis), grown in the tropical humid climate of Southeast Asia, due to its diseases. This has happened in South America, which was originally a world center for the production of natural rubber; it has completely lost its position due to epiphytotics. There is currently a phytosanitary quarantine and a person who was accessed to hevea in South America should not visit the countries of Southeast Asia. Thus, there is a need for reserve additional plant species, the sources of natural rubber in the temperate zone, being adverse for acclimatization of hevea. Dandelion kok-saghyz is recognized as such a promising producer of natural rubber. According to data published, rubber of kok-saghyz sits in the latex vessels of the root, and the rubber content (6 to 14%) depends on the number of circles of the latex vessels (3 to 14). The number of circles of the latex vessels and, therefore, the rubber content in the roots depends on genotype, agricultural background and stage of kok-saghyz ontogenesis. The roots of kok-saghyz are known for high variability in the rubber content even in the same natural population of wild kok-saghyz from 0 to 47.87; 35.85 and 23.58% of the air-dry weight is due to several one-year covers in the root. Kok-saghyz is a highly polymorphic species that can be used in breeding programs. Individual selection provides for the high rubber content in the roots of kok-saghyz (10 to 14%). Currently, kok-saghyz is an important rubber plant with the following features: 1) high percentage of rubber; 2) flowering and fruiting in the first year of life; 3) high quality rubber. Kok-saghyz polymorphism provides for the selection of the most rubber-bearing and most precocious forms of this plant.
22
Lang, Gregory A. "High efficiency sweet cherry orchard systems research." Italus Hortus 26 (2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26353/j.itahort/2019.1.2534.
Full textAbstract:
The large tree size, and delicate nature and small size of the fruit, makes production of sweet cherries Fig. 6 - Planar UFO sweet cherry canopy architectural orchard designs: A) vertical-trellis UFO with 18,725 upright leaders per ha or B) Vtrellis UFO with 24,996 inclined leaders per ha, in theory with 33% higher yield potential, but slightly less training, harvest and pruning efficiency. Fig. 6 - Progettazione dell’architettura della chioma in piano “UFO” su ciliegio dolce: A) sostegni verticali per UFO con 18725 fusti verticali per ha o B) sostegno a V per UFO con 24996 fusti inclinati per ha, in teoria con il 33% in più di potenziale produttivo, ma leggermente meno per quanto riguarda efficienza di allevamento, raccolta e potatura. A B Lang 34 among the most traditionally labor-intensive tree fruits. Great improvements in orchard efficiencies have been achieved over the past two decades, prompted by the development of precocious, vigorcontrolling rootstocks such as the Gisela (Gi) series. Recent training systems research has focused on canopy architectural designs that improve various orchard efficiencies, including: 1) light interception and distribution whit minimization of shade; 2) bloom, fruit development and ripening for more uniform fruit harvest; 3) balanced, quantifiable crop load management for achieving high fruit quality; 4) simplified strategies for fruitwood development and maintenance to reduce hand-pruning labor; 5) partial mechanization to reduce pruning and harvest labor; 6) utilization of protective orchard covers to mitigate the risk of crop damage from rain, hail, frost, and wind; and 7) better spray coverage for protection from insect pests and diseases. Across several sites in North America, the NC140 regional research project has evaluated the performance of three sweet cherry cultivars on dwarfing (Gi3), semi-dwarfing (Gi5), and semi-vigorous (Gi6) rootstocks trained to “threedimensional” and “two-dimensional” (planar) canopy architectures over nine years to date. The planar Super Slender Axe (SSA) training system had the highest early yields on a per tree and per orchard basis, but the planar Upright Fruiting Offshoots (UFO) training system sustained higher cumulative yields upon reaching maturity. The three-dimensional Tall Spindle Axe (TSA) trees had higher early yields than those trained to the three-dimensional Kym Green Bush (KGB) canopy architecture, but the KGB trees achieved nearly comparable cumulative yields. Fruitwood renewal strategies are critical for maintenance of yields and fruit quality. Profitable yields of high quality fruit are achievable for each of the canopy architectures, but each also has specific advantages and challenges, including suitability for specific rootstocks and cultivars. These are discussed, including comparisons of the two- vs. three-dimensional canopy architectures developed as single leader (SSA vs. TSA) and multiple leader (UFO vs. KGB) training systems. The advantages of utilizing the natural light interception efficiencies and growth habit of sweet cherry in the simplified structure of UFO-style planar canopy architectures is expanding beyond sweet cherries to many other major trees fruits around the world as well.
23
Wang, Bin, and Adam Kuspa. "CulB, a Putative Ubiquitin Ligase Subunit, Regulates Prestalk Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis in Dictyostelium spp." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 1 (February 2002): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.1.126-136.2002.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Dictyostelium amoebae accomplish a starvation-induced developmental process by aggregating into a mound and forming a single fruiting body with terminally differentiated spores and stalk cells. culB was identified as the gene disrupted in a developmental mutant with an aberrant prestalk cell differentiation phenotype. The culB gene product appears to be a homolog of the cullin family of proteins that are known to be involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. The culB mutants form supernumerary prestalk tips atop each developing mound that result in the formation of multiple small fruiting bodies. The prestalk-specific gene ecmA is expressed precociously in culB mutants, suggesting that prestalk cell differentiation occurs earlier than normal. In addition, when culB mutant cells are mixed with wild-type cells, they display a cell-autonomous propensity to form stalk cells. Thus, CulB appears to ensure that the proper number of prestalk cells differentiate at the appropriate time in development. Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) by disruption of the regulatory subunit gene (pkaR) or by overexpression of the catalytic subunit gene (pkaC) enhances the prestalk/stalk cell differentiation phenotype of the culB mutant. For example, culB − pkaR − cells form stalk cells without obvious multicellular morphogenesis and are more sensitive to the prestalk O (pstO) cell inducer DIF-1. The sensitized condition of PKA activation reveals that CulB may govern prestalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium, in part by controlling the sensitivity of cells to DIF-1, possibly by regulating the levels of one or more proteins that are rate limiting for prestalk differentiation.
24
Brugnara, Eduardo Cesar, and Rafael Roveri Sabião. "Olive reproductive phenology in a warm and humid region of Santa Catarina, Brazil." Agrociencia Uruguay 26, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31285/agro.26.898.
Full textAbstract:
Olive cultivation has been spread across Brazil subtropical regions, but yields have been variable through years and locations. The objectives of this work were to characterize the reproductive phenology and quantify some productive indexes of three olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki) in the warm, humid subtropical climate of western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Shoots of the three cultivars were marked and the quantitative indices of flowering and fruiting were observed periodically. At the same time, the reproductive phenology was evaluated following the BBCH scale, during three seasons, in Chapecó. Reproductive budburst varied from 0 to 32%, which resulted in a relatively low number of flowers per meter of shoot if compared to traditional growing regions, unlike fruit set rates (3.69 to 11.39%), which were similar. Compared to other regions, flowering time was early: inflorescences started to grow from end of June to mid-July, depending on the year. Then maturation was precocious as well, from the end of December to mid-March, and it was later in Koroneiki. The low flowering intensity with risk of frost damages discourages the production initiative in the region.
25
Bauchrowitz, Iohann Metzger, Clandio Medeiros da Silva, Gislaine Gabardo, Cintia Sorane Good Kitzberger, Flávio Corrêa de Carvalho, and André Luiz de Oliveira de Francisco. "Characterization of a Florida plum introduction (USA) in Southern Brazil." Ciência Rural 52, no. 9 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210271.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: Stone fruit cultivation is an alternative income for rural producers in Brazil, mainly for the southern region. In the specific case of plums, the lack of varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of this region is an obstacle that the research needs to resolve. In this context, the work aimed to evaluate the behaviour of the Japanese plum genotype FLA3-3 from the breeding program of the University of Florida (USA) in Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil, during the years 2013, 2014 and 2015. The experimental design used was entirely random. Twenty plants of the genotype under study were used, each one being a repetition. The characteristics evaluated in the field were the flowering and fruiting cycles according to the plant phenology. Physical analyzes of the fruits were carried out in the laboratory: average mass (pulp and seeds) and diameter and chemical analyze: total soluble solids, total titratable acidity and ratio. The results confirm that the genotype is precocious and the fruit harvest begins in October / November. It is adapted to the climatic condition of the municipality of Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil, in addition to presenting fruits within the commercial standards sought by producers and consumers. It is a viable alternative for rural producers in the region.
26
Zhang, Jingjing, Xiaoyun Jia, Xiaohao Guo, Hengling Wei, Meng Zhang, Aimin Wu, Shuaishuai Cheng, Xiaoqian Cheng, Shuxun Yu, and Hantao Wang. "QTL and candidate gene identification of the node of the first fruiting branch (NFFB) by QTL-seq in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." BMC Genomics 22, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08164-2.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The node of the first fruiting branch (NFFB) is an important precocious trait in cotton. Many studies have been conducted on the localization of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes related to fiber quality and yield, but there has been little attention to traits related to early maturity, especially the NFFB, in cotton. Results To identify the QTL associated with the NFFB in cotton, a BC4F2 population comprising 278 individual plants was constructed. The parents and two DNA bulks for high and low NFFB were whole genome sequenced, and 243.8 Gb of clean nucleotide data were generated. A total of 449,302 polymorphic SNPs and 135,353 Indels between two bulks were identified for QTL-seq. Seventeen QTLs were detected and localized on 11 chromosomes in the cotton genome, among which two QTLs (qNFFB-Dt2–1 and qNFFB-Dt3–3) were located in hotspots. Two candidate genes (GhAPL and GhHDA5) related to the NFFB were identified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments in this study. Both genes exhibited higher expression levels in the early-maturing cotton material RIL182 during flower bud differentiation, and the silencing of GhAPL and GhHDA5 delayed the flowering time and increased the NFFB compared to those of VA plants in cotton. Conclusions Our study preliminarily found that GhAPL and GhHDA5 are related to the early maturity in cotton. The findings provide a basis for the further functional verification of candidate genes related to the NFFB and contribute to the study of early maturity in cotton.
27
Hrotkó, K., L. Magyar, S. Hoffman, and M. Gyeviki. "Rootstock evaluation in intensive sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) orchard." International Journal of Horticultural Science 15, no. 3 (May 20, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.31421/ijhs/15/3/825.
Full textAbstract:
During 2000 and 2007, rootstocks of different vigor have been tested in a high density sweet cherry orchard with 'Vera '® and 'Axel'® cultivars at 4 x 2 meter row and plant distance. Trees are trained to Hungarian Spindle with permanent basal branches; in the alley way naturally grown grass is managed by mowing. The first considerable fruiting was in 2004. Every year we measured trunk and canopy parameters of the trees, productivity and fruit size. Our conclusion is that the rootstocks considerably affected the growth, precocity, as well as tree and orchard productivity, fruit weight of sweet cherry cultivars, but these rootstock effects are modified by cultivars, except for growth vigor. According to our results Cema, SL 64, and Bogdany are vigorous rootstocks, moderate vigorous are MaxMa 97, Pi-Ku I , and Tabel® Edabriz, Gisela® 5 and Prob are dwarfing rootstocks. Besides the precocious Gisela® 5 also mahaleb rootstocks CEMA, Bogdany and SL 64 showed considerable precocity, which can be explained by the larger bearing surface to the time of turning to bearing, and a similar or relative large density of burse shoots on fruiting branches. Cumulative yield of 'Axel'® was the highest on Bogdany and on Cerna, contrary to Gisela® 5, which produced only 50% of the previous ones. Cumulative yield of 'Vera'® was the highest on SL 64, and no significant difference was found, compared to trees on rootstocks Cema, Bogdany and Pi-Ku I . Cumulative yield production of trees was smaller on Gisela® 5, Prob, Max Ma 97 and Tabel® Edabriz rootstocks. Corresponding to the literature data of yield efficiency calculated on TCSA basis was highest on Gisela® 5 rootstock. but the efficiency calculated on canopy volume of 'Axel•® trees was similarly high on CEMA and Bogdany, and that of 'Vera'® trees relatively high on CEMA, Bogdany, SL 64 and PiKu I rootstocks. When calculating orchard efficiency al spacing 4 x 2 meters (1250 tree/ha), we received highest yield values on Bogdany, CEMA, SL 64, and PiKu I rootstocks, with large fruit weight. Rootstocks also affect fruit weight. We measured the largest fruit weight on trees on Bogdany.