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Journal articles on the topic 'Precision public health'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 June 2021
Last updated: 21 June 2025

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1

Olstad, Dana Lee, and Lynn McIntyre. "Reconceptualising precision public health." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (2019): e030279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030279.

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As currently conceived, precision public health is at risk of becoming precision medicine at a population level. This paper outlines a framework for precision public health that, in contrast to its current operationalisation, is consistent with public health principles because it integrates factors at all levels, while illuminating social position as a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. We review conceptual foundations of public health, outline a proposed framework for precision public health and describe its operationalisation within research and practice. Social position shapes individuals’ unequal experiences of the social determinants of health. Thus, in our formulation, precision public health investigates how multiple dimensions of social position interact to confer health risk differently for precisely defined population subgroups according to the social contexts in which they are embedded, while considering relevant biological and behavioural factors. It leverages this information to uncover the precise and intersecting social structures that pattern health outcomes, and to identify actionable interventions within the social contexts of affected groups. We contend that studies informed by this framework offer greater potential to improve health than current conceptualisations of precision public health that do not address root causes. Moreover, expanding beyond master categories of social position and operationalising these categories in more precise ways across time and place can enrich public health research through greater attention to the heterogeneity of social positions, their causes and health effects, leading to the identification of points of intervention that are specific enough to be useful in reducing health inequities. Failure to attend to this level of particularity may mask the true nature of health risk, the causal mechanisms at play and appropriate interventions. Conceptualised thus, precision public health is a research endeavour with much to offer by way of understanding and intervening on the causes of poor health and health inequities.As currently conceived, precision public health is at risk of becoming precision medicine at a population level. This paper outlines a framework for precision public health that, in contrast to its current operationalization, is consistent with public health principles because it integrates factors at all levels, while illuminating social position as a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. We review conceptual foundations of public health, outline a proposed framework for precision public health and describe its operationalization within research and practice. Social position shapes individuals’ unequal experiences of the social determinants of health. Thus, in our formulation, precision public health investigates how multiple dimensions of social position interact to confer health risk differently for precisely defined population subgroups according to the social contexts in which they are embedded, while considering relevant biological and behavioural factors. It leverages this information to uncover the precise and intersecting social structures that pattern health outcomes, and to identify actionable interventions within the social contexts of affected groups. We contend that studies informed by this framework offer greater potential to improve health than current conceptualizations of precision public health that do not address root causes. Moreover, expanding beyond master categories of social position and operationalizing these categories in more precise ways across time and place can enrich public health research through greater attention to the heterogeneity of social positions, their causes and health effects, leading to identification of points of intervention that are specific enough to be useful in reducing health inequities. Failure to attend to this level of particularity may mask the true nature of health risk, the causal mechanisms at play and appropriate interventions. Conceptualized thus, precision public health is a research endeavour with much to offer by way of understanding and intervening on the causes of poor health and health inequities.
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Reich, Brian J., and Murali Haran. "Precision maps for public health." Nature 555, no. 7694 (2018): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-02096-w.

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3

Khoury, Muin J., Michael F. Iademarco, and William T. Riley. "Precision Public Health for the Era of Precision Medicine." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 50, no. 3 (2016): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.031.

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4

Kenney, Martha, and Laura Mamo. "The imaginary of precision public health." Medical Humanities 46, no. 3 (2019): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011597.

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In recent years, precision medicine has emerged as a charismatic name for a growing movement to revolutionise biomedicine by bringing genomic knowledge and sequencing to clinical care. Increasingly, the precision revolution has also included a new paradigm called precision public health—part genomics, part informatics, part public health and part biomedicine. Advocates of precision public health, such as Sue Desmond-Hellmann, argue that adopting cutting-edge big data approaches will allow public health actors to precisely target populations who experience the highest burden of disease and mortality, creating more equitable health futures. In this article we analyse precision public health as a sociotechnical imaginary, examining how calls for precision shape which public health efforts are seen as necessary and desirable. By comparing the rhetoric of precision public health to precision warfare, we find that precision prescribes technical solutions to complex problems and promises data-driven futures free of uncertainty, unnecessary suffering and inefficient use of resources. We look at how these imagined futures shape the present as they animate public health initiatives in the Global South funded by powerful philanthropic organisations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as local efforts to address cancer disparities in San Francisco. Through our analysis of the imaginary of precision public health, we identify an emerging tension between health equity goals and precision’s technical solutions. Using large datasets to target interventions with greater precision, we argue, fails to address the upstream social determinants of health that give rise to health disparities worldwide. Therefore, we urge caution around investing in precision without a complementary commitment to addressing the social and economic conditions that are the root cause of health inequality.
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5

Arnett, Donna K., and Steven A. Claas. "Precision Medicine, Genomics, and Public Health." Diabetes Care 39, no. 11 (2016): 1870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1763.

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6

Kee, Frank, and David Taylor-Robinson. "Scientific challenges for precision public health." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 4 (2020): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213311.

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The notion of ‘precision’ public health has been the subject of much debate, with recent articles coming to its defence following the publication of several papers questioning its value.Critics of precision public health raise the following problems and questionable assumptions: the inherent limits of prediction for individuals; the limits of approaches to prevention that rely on individual agency, in particular the potential for these approaches to widen inequalities; the undue emphasis on the supposed new information contained in individuals’ molecules and their ‘big data’ at the expense of their own preferences for a particular intervention strategy and the diversion of resources and attention from the social determinants of health.In order to refocus some of these criticisms of precision public health as scientific questions, this article outlines some of the challenges when defining risk for individuals; the limitations of current theory and study design for precision public health; and the potential for unintended harms.
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7

Dowell, Scott F., David Blazes, and Susan Desmond-Hellmann. "Four steps to precision public health." Nature 540, no. 7632 (2016): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/540189a.

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8

Chowkwanyun, Merlin, Ronald Bayer, and Sandro Galea. "Precision public health: pitfalls and promises." Lancet 393, no. 10183 (2019): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33187-8.

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9

Khoury, Muin J., M. Scott Bowen, Mindy Clyne, et al. "From public health genomics to precision public health: a 20-year journey." Genetics in Medicine 20, no. 6 (2017): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gim.2017.211.

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10

Griffith, Derek M. "Abstract IA014: Precision public health approaches to health equity." Cancer Prevention Research 16, no. 1_Supplement (2023): IA014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6215.precprev22-ia014.

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Abstract Since President Barack Obama announced the “Precision Medicine Initiative” during his state of the union address in January 2015, the sciences of precision medicine and health equity have largely grown in parallel, though there have been some efforts to bring the two together. As research on health equity has evolved to name and consider structural racism, the penultimate goal of research in this area also as moved from efforts to identify and describe gaps between racial and ethnic groups to characterizing the context creates and perpetuates racial inequities and how best to mitigate them. In this presentation, I will briefly describe how syndemics, intersectionality, and individual tailoring may complement downstream efforts to characterize epigenetic and genomic efforts to develop biomedical interventions to achieve healthcare equity and health equity. After noting how the principles of precision medicine may be applied more broadly than the most common way it is operationalized through genomic medicine, I argue that that creating racial justice in health will require defining health equity more clearly and precisely. Consequently, I utilize the example of Black men and the context of COVID-19 to highlight how more precisely defining the structural context of the population of interest by using tools such as intersectionality and syndemics is fundamental to achieving equity. I highlight how achieving health equity will require creating, resisting, undoing, and mitigating structural racism and note what that means for cancer research. Precision medicine may help to mitigate the health effects of structural racism, and it will remain an important tool to promote population health; however, efforts to achieve health equity and racial justice will require interventions that change the contexts and conditions that create, exacerbate, and perpetuate structural inequities and the racial inequities in health outcomes that they produce and maintain. Citation Format: Derek M. Griffith. Precision public health approaches to health equity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr IA014.
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11

Patel, Ronak B. "Precision Health in Disaster Medicine and Global Public Health." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 6 (2018): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18001061.

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AbstractCurrent debates about precision medicine take different perspectives on its relevance and value in global health. The term has not yet been applied to disaster medicine or humanitarian health, but it may hold significant value. An interpretation of the term for global public health and disaster medicine is presented here for application to vulnerable populations. Embracing the term may drive more efficient use and targeting of limited resources while encouraging innovation and adopting the new approaches advocated in current humanitarian discourse.PatelRB.Precision health in disaster medicine and global public health.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(6):565–566.
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12

Vineeth, Amba, Celly Martins Ribeiro de Souza Marina, Kenner Carole, and Marques Borges Carolina. "Precision health contributions to public health: An integrative review." Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 10, no. 7 (2018): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jphe2017.0986.

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13

Ollier, William, Kenneth R. Muir, Artitaya Lophatananon, Arpana Verma, and Martin Yuille. "Risk biomarkers enable precision in public health." Personalized Medicine 15, no. 4 (2018): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pme-2017-0068.

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14

Bayer, Ronald, and Sandro Galea. "Public Health in the Precision-Medicine Era." New England Journal of Medicine 373, no. 6 (2015): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1506241.

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15

Chowkwanyun, Merlin, Ronald Bayer, and Sandro Galea. "“Precision” Public Health — Between Novelty and Hype." New England Journal of Medicine 379, no. 15 (2018): 1398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1806634.

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16

Ramaswami, Ramya, Ronald Bayer, and Sandro Galea. "Precision Medicine from a Public Health Perspective." Annual Review of Public Health 39, no. 1 (2018): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014158.

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17

Taylor-Robinson, David, and Frank Kee. "Precision public health—the Emperor’s new clothes." International Journal of Epidemiology 48, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy184.

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18

Blower, Sally, and Justin T. Okano. "Precision public health and HIV in Africa." Lancet Infectious Diseases 19, no. 10 (2019): 1050–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30474-8.

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19

Horton, Richard. "Offline: In defence of precision public health." Lancet 392, no. 10157 (2018): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32741-7.

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20

Allen, Caitlin G., Alison E. Fohner, Latrice Landry, et al. "Early career investigators and precision public health." Lancet 394, no. 10196 (2019): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30498-2.

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21

Fleck, Leonard Michael. "Precision Public Health Equity: Another Utopian Mirage?" American Journal of Bioethics 24, no. 3 (2024): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2303134.

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22

Meurer, John R., Jeffrey C. Whittle, Kelsey M. Lamb, Matthew A. Kosasih, Melinda R. Dwinell, and Raul A. Urrutia. "Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health: Academic Education and Community Engagement." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 57, no. 2 (2019): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.010.

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23

Abdulrahim, Abdullah Alshehri* &. Elena Ambrosino. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRECISION MEDICINE AND PRECISION PUBLIC HEALTH IN SAUDI ARABIA." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 06, no. 01 (2019): 2118–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2551139.

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<em>Precision approaches in health stem from innovations in basic sciences and -omic technologies and rely on individuals&rsquo; genomic structure to develop tailored treatment and prevention opportunities. Saudi Arabia has recently shown increasing interest in implementing precision approaches to improve healthcare and tackle its major health challenges. This study investigated opportunities, requirements and barriers in the implementation of precision approaches in health in Saudi Arabia. </em> <em>A narrative literature review included resources published in English and Arabic after 1995 if identified by search terms.</em> <em>Opportunities for implementation of precision approaches were identified in the context of the main local health issues. </em><em>Requirements for precision medicine implementation were identified, including the ability to collect and process data. In addition, barriers and challenges, as lack of awareness of the field amongst health staff, were pointed out. </em> <em>The outcome offers relevant information to implementation attempts in the field and may help guiding policymaking efforts.</em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Precision medicine, Precision public health, Genomics, KSA.</em>
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24

Siegel, Scott D. "Reducing Breast Cancer Disparities with Precision Public Health." Delaware Journal of Public Health 10, no. 3 (2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32481/djph.2024.08.11.

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25

The Lancet Public Health. "Next generation public health: towards precision and fairness." Lancet Public Health 4, no. 5 (2019): e209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30064-7.

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26

Davey, Gail, and Kebede Deribe. "Precision public health: mapping child mortality in Africa." Lancet 390, no. 10108 (2017): 2126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32280-8.

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27

Vaithinathan, Asokan G., and Vanitha Asokan. "Public health and precision medicine share a goal." Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 10, no. 2 (2017): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12239.

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28

Kamel Boulos, Maged N., and Peng Zhang. "Digital Twins: From Personalised Medicine to Precision Public Health." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 8 (2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080745.

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A digital twin is a virtual model of a physical entity, with dynamic, bi-directional links between the physical entity and its corresponding twin in the digital domain. Digital twins are increasingly used today in different industry sectors. Applied to medicine and public health, digital twin technology can drive a much-needed radical transformation of traditional electronic health/medical records (focusing on individuals) and their aggregates (covering populations) to make them ready for a new era of precision (and accuracy) medicine and public health. Digital twins enable learning and discovering new knowledge, new hypothesis generation and testing, and in silico experiments and comparisons. They are poised to play a key role in formulating highly personalised treatments and interventions in the future. This paper provides an overview of the technology’s history and main concepts. A number of application examples of digital twins for personalised medicine, public health, and smart healthy cities are presented, followed by a brief discussion of the key technical and other challenges involved in such applications, including ethical issues that arise when digital twins are applied to model humans.
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Khoury, Muin J., Michael Engelgau, David A. Chambers, and George A. Mensah. "Beyond Public Health Genomics: Can Big Data and Predictive Analytics Deliver Precision Public Health?" Public Health Genomics 21, no. 5-6 (2018): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501465.

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30

Whitsel, Laurie P., John Wilbanks, Mark D. Huffman, and Jennifer L. Hall. "The Role of Government in Precision Medicine, Precision Public Health and the Intersection With Healthy Living." Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 62, no. 1 (2019): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.002.

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31

He, Qiang, Patrick J. Silva, Marcia Ory, Ni Wang, and Kenneth S. Ramos. "Application of Digital Informatics in Precision Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinicogenomics Research to Advance Precision Healthcare." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 33, no. 01 (2024): 250–61. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1800753.

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Summary Objectives: To summarize recent public health informatics and precision epidemiology developments impacting the healthcare ecosystem. The influence of new technologies and precision approaches in surveillance and management of chronic diseases is high-lighted as areas of clinical practice where digital informatics can markedly improve pop-ulation health. Methods: In this narrative review, we summarized the main themes from research and practice to define disease prevention and public health trends. Publications on public health informatics and precision epidemiology were searched using Google Scholar us-ing the following keywords: “digital informatics”, “precision in prevention”, “precision epi-demiology”, “public health surveillance”, “clinicogenomics” and combinations thereof. In addition, we introduced the principles of a clinicogenomics registry as a case study to empower underrepresented communities and to reduce health disparities. Results: Technology applications such as telehealth and digital information tools fre-quently intertwine with public health informatics and precision epidemiology in efforts to identify and target individuals and populations at risk of disease. There is an urgent need for more investigations and evaluation of the validity and utility of digital platforms, including artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive analytics to advance precision preven-tion and epidemiology. The major precision-based opportunities identified included: (1) the utilization of digital tools, (2) a public health strategic framework, (3) tele-health/telemonitoring tools, (4) digital twins to simulate and optimize care models, (5) clinicogenomics registries, (6) biomarker analyses and omics panels, and (7) mobile health. Conclusions: Successful implementation of precision prevention and epidemiology ini-tiatives requires development of a researcher and practitioner workforce that is well-versed in informatics and public health. The positive impact of precision healthcare ap-proaches depends on solutions and technologies that connect digital patient information with wearable devices, mobile apps, telehealth, and digital analytics using AI. The vital components required to successfully integrate public health informatics, precision pre-vention and epidemiology are people, data, and tool systems, albeit within legal and ethical constraints. Together, these applications can significantly improve actionability of public health surveillance and societal trends in the preservation of health and disease prevention.
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Modi, Anjali, Jaydevsinh Vala, Pankaj Bhardwaj, and C. D. S. Katoch. "Precision Public Health: Is the Concept Endurable to Perdurable." NMO Journal 18, no. 1 (2024): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnmo.jnmo_13_24.

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Abstract The present era is characterized by the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in public health. Precision Medicine is an emerging approach for disease prevention and treatment considering individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle while precision public health (PPH) amalgamates the concept to individuals and groups of people having similar traits of characteristics. Incorporation of precision medicine approaches into public health strategies, can enhance effectiveness of interventions, maximize the impact of resources, and ultimately improve the health and well-being of communities around the world. The application of PPH is not without concerns of data security, generalisation, “hype,” “bio-markup”, and disparities. The present viewpoint deliberates whether precision public health is actually as novel as highlighted or has it already endured the scientific test and proven beneficence to healthcare prediction, planning and solutions.
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33

Khoury, Muin J., Gregory L. Armstrong, Rebecca E. Bunnell, Juliana Cyril, and Michael F. Iademarco. "The intersection of genomics and big data with public health: Opportunities for precision public health." PLOS Medicine 17, no. 10 (2020): e1003373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003373.

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34

Modell, Stephen, Toby Citrin, and Sharon Kardia. "Laying Anchor: Inserting Precision Health into a Public Health Genetics Policy Course." Healthcare 6, no. 3 (2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030093.

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The United States Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) was announced by then President Barack Obama in January 2015. It is a national effort designed to take into account genetic, environmental, and lifestyle differences in the development of individually tailored forms of treatment and prevention. This goal was implemented in March 2015 with the formation of an advisory committee working group to provide a framework for the proposed national research cohort of one million or more participants. The working group further held a public workshop on participant engagement and health equity, focusing on the design of an inclusive cohort, building public trust, and identifying active participant engagement features for the national cohort. Precision techniques offer medical and public health practitioners the opportunity to personally tailor preventive and therapeutic regimens based on informatics applied to large volume genotypic and phenotypic data. The PMI’s (All of Us Research Program’s) medical and public health promise, its balanced attention to technical and ethical issues, and its nuanced advisory structure made it a natural choice for inclusion in the University of Michigan course “Issues in Public Health Genetics” (HMP 517), offered each fall by the University’s School of Public Health. In 2015, the instructors included the PMI as the recurrent case study introduced at the beginning and referred to throughout the course, and as a class exercise allowing students to translate issues into policy. In 2016, an entire class session was devoted to precision medicine and precision public health. In this article, we examine the dialogues that transpired in these three course components, evaluate session impact on student ability to formulate PMI policy, and share our vision for next-generation courses dealing with precision health. Methodology: Class materials (class notes, oral exercise transcripts, class exercise written hand-ins) from the three course components were inspected and analyzed for issues and policy content. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the extent to which course components have enabled our students to formulate policy in the precision public health area. Analysis of student comments responding to questions posed during the initial case study comprised the initial or “pre-” categories. Analysis of student responses to the class exercise assignment, which included the same set of questions, formed the “post-” categories. Categories were validated by cross-comparison among the three authors, and inspected for frequency with which they appeared in student responses. Frequencies steered the selection of illustrative quotations, revealing the extent to which students were able to convert issue areas into actual policies. Lecture content and student comments in the precision health didactic session were inspected for degree to which they reinforced and extended the derived categories. Results: The case study inspection yielded four overarching categories: (1) assurance (access, equity, disparities); (2) participation (involvement, representativeness); (3) ethics (consent, privacy, benefit sharing); and (4) treatment of people (stigmatization, discrimination). Class exercise inspection and analysis yielded three additional categories: (5) financial; (6) educational; and (7) trust-building. The first three categories exceeded the others in terms of number of student mentions (8–14 vs. 4–6 mentions). Three other categories were considered and excluded because of infrequent mention. Students suggested several means of trust-building, including PMI personnel working with community leaders, stakeholder consultation, networking, and use of social media. Student representatives prioritized participant and research institution access to PMI information over commercial access. Multiple schemes were proposed for participant consent and return of results. Both pricing policy and Medicaid coverage were touched on. During the didactic session, students commented on the importance of provider training in precision health. Course evaluation highlighted the need for clarity on the organizations involved in the PMI, and leaving time for student-student interaction. Conclusions: While some student responses during the exercise were terse, an evolution was detectable over the three course components in student ability to suggest tangible policies and steps for implementation. Students also gained surety in presenting policy positions to a peer audience. Students came up with some very creative suggestions, such as use of an electronic platform to assure participant involvement in the disposition of their biological sample and personal health information, and alternate examples of ways to manage large volumes of data. An examination of socio-ethical issues and policies can strengthen student understanding of the directions the Precision Medicine Initiative is taking, and aid in training for the application of more varied precision medicine and public health techniques, such as tier 1 genetic testing and whole genome and exome sequencing. Future course development may reflect additional features of the ongoing All of Us Research Program, and further articulate precision public health approaches applying to populations as opposed to single individuals.
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Ferryman, Kadija. "The Dangers of Data Colonialism in Precision Public Health." Global Policy 12, S6 (2021): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12953.

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Arnold, Carrie. "Is precision public health the future — or a contradiction?" Nature 601, no. 7891 (2022): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03819-2.

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Moraes, Milton Ozório, and Nádia Cristina Düppre. "Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis: innovation and precision public health." Lancet Global Health 9, no. 1 (2021): e8-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30512-x.

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38

Rosenberg, Henry, and Kumar G. Belani. "Malignant Hyperthermia: Bridging Genetics, Precision Medicine, and Public Health." ASA Monitor 89, no. 2 (2024): 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.asm.0001098004.04663.19.

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39

Leguia, Mariana, Anton Vila-Sanjurjo, Patrick S. G. Chain, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Richard G. Jarman, and Simon Pollett. "Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health in the Era of Pathogen Next-Generation Sequencing." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, Supplement_3 (2019): S289—S291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz424.

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Abstract This brief report serves as an introduction to a supplement of the Journal of Infectious Diseases entitled “Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technologies to Advance Global Infectious Disease Research.” We briefly discuss the history of NGS technologies and describe how the techniques developed during the past 40 years have impacted our understanding of infectious diseases. Our focus is on the application of NGS in the context of pathogen genomics. Beyond obvious clinical and public health applications, we also discuss the challenges that still remain within this rapidly evolving field.
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Bosward, Rebecca, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Emma Frost, and Stacy Carter. "Mapping precision public health definitions, terminology and applications: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (2022): e058069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058069.

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IntroductionPrecision public health is an emerging and evolving field. Academic communities are divided regarding terminology and definitions, and what the scope, parameters and goals of precision public health should include. This protocol summarises the procedure for a scoping review which aims to identify and describe definitions, terminology, uses of the term and concepts in current literature.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be undertaken to gather existing literature on precision public health. We will search CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and include all documents published in English that mention precision public health. A critical discourse analysis of the resulting papers will generate an account of precision public health terminology, definitions and uses of the term and the use and meaning of language. The analysis will occur in stages: first, descriptive information will be extracted and descriptive statistics will be calculated in order to characterise the literature. Second, occurrences of the phrase ‘precision public health’ and alternative terms in documents will be enumerated and mapped, and definitions collected. The third stage of discourse analysis will involve analysis and interpretation of the meaning of precision public health, including the composition, organisation and function of discourses. Finally, discourse analysis of alternative phrases to precision public health will be undertaken. This will include analysis and interpretation of what alternative phrases to precision public health are used to mean, how the phrases relate to each other and how they are compared or contrasted to precision public health. Results will be grouped under headings according to how they answer the research questions.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval will be required for the scoping review. Results of the scoping review will be used as part of a doctoral thesis, and may be published in journals, conference proceedings or elsewhere.
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Traversi, Deborah, Alessandra Pulliero, Alberto Izzotti, et al. "Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2 (2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020135.

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The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary. The fields of human genetics and public health have highlighted the relevance of an implementation strategy at a national level in Italy, including integration in sanitary regulations and governance instruments. In this review, the emerging field of public health genomics is discussed, including the polygenic scores approach, epigenetic modulation, nutrigenomics, and microbiomes implications. Moreover, the Italian state of implementation is presented. The omics sciences have important implications for the prevention of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, especially because they can be used to assess the health status during the whole course of life. An effective population health gain is possible if omics tools are implemented for each person after a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in the medium to long term.
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Johnson, Walter G. "Using Precision Public Health to Manage Climate Change: Opportunities, Challenges, and Health Justice." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 4 (2020): 681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979374.

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Amid public health concerns over climate change, “precision public health” (PPH) is emerging in next generation approaches to practice. These novel methods promise to augment public health operations by using ever larger and more robust health datasets combined with new tools for collecting and analyzing data. Precision strategies to protecting the public health could more effectively or efficiently address the systemic threats of climate change, but may also propagate or exacerbate health disparities for the populations most vulnerable in a changing climate. How PPH interventions collect and aggregate data, decide what to measure, and analyze data pose potential issues around privacy, neglecting social determinants of health, and introducing algorithmic bias into climate responses. Adopting a health justice framework, guided by broader social and climate justice tenets, can reveal principles and policy actions which may guide more responsible implementation of PPH in climate responses.
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Chan, Ta-Chien, Jia-Hong Tang, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Kevin J. Chen, Tsan-Hua Yu, and Yu-Ting Tsai. "Approaching precision public health by automated syndromic surveillance in communities." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0254479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254479.

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Background Sentinel physician surveillance in communities has played an important role in detecting early signs of epidemics. The traditional approach is to let the primary care physician voluntarily and actively report diseases to the health department on a weekly basis. However, this is labor-intensive work, and the spatio-temporal resolution of the surveillance data is not precise at all. In this study, we built up a clinic-based enhanced sentinel surveillance system named “Sentinel plus” which was designed for sentinel clinics and community hospitals to monitor 23 kinds of syndromic groups in Taipei City, Taiwan. The definitions of those syndromic groups were based on ICD-10 diagnoses from physicians. Methods Daily ICD-10 counts of two syndromic groups including ILI and EV-like syndromes in Taipei City were extracted from Sentinel plus. A negative binomial regression model was used to couple with lag structure functions to examine the short-term association between ICD counts and meteorological variables. After fitting the negative binomial regression model, residuals were further rescaled to Pearson residuals. We then monitored these daily standardized Pearson residuals for any aberrations from July 2018 to October 2019. Results The results showed that daily average temperature was significantly negatively associated with numbers of ILI syndromes. The ozone and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly positively associated with ILI syndromes. In addition, daily minimum temperature, and the ozone and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly negatively associated with the EV-like syndromes. The aberrational signals detected from clinics for ILI and EV-like syndromes were earlier than the epidemic period based on outpatient surveillance defined by the Taiwan CDC. Conclusions This system not only provides warning signals to the local health department for managing the risks but also reminds medical practitioners to be vigilant toward susceptible patients. The near real-time surveillance can help decision makers evaluate their policy on a timely basis.
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Risher, John F., and Christopher T. DeRosa. "The precision, uses, and limitations of public health guidance values." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 3, no. 5 (1997): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039709383728.

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Gonzalez, Daniel, Gauri G. Rao, Stacy C. Bailey, et al. "Precision Dosing: Public Health Need, Proposed Framework, and Anticipated Impact." Clinical and Translational Science 10, no. 6 (2017): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cts.12490.

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Temesgen, Zelalem, Daniela M. Cirillo, and Mario C. Raviglione. "Precision medicine and public health interventions: tuberculosis as a model?" Lancet Public Health 4, no. 8 (2019): e374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30130-6.

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Khoury, Muin J., and James P. Evans. "A Public Health Perspective on a National Precision Medicine Cohort." JAMA 313, no. 21 (2015): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.3382.

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Tasken, Kjetil, Hege Russnes, Aslaug Helland, et al. "Prototype precision oncology learning ecosystem: Norwegian precision cancer medicine implementation initiative." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e13634-e13634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e13634.

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e13634 Background: Norway, a country with a publicly funded health care system, was in 2018-19 lagging behind with respect to implementation of precision cancer medicine (PCM). Methods: Our approach mid-2019 was very simple and set out three aims: i) To establish access to advanced molecular diagnostics to allow identification and stratification of cancer patients into clinical trials; ii) To increase the volume of clinical trials with a PCM approach to gain experience and build competence; and iii) In parallel work for implementation of PCM into standard of care. Results: In a trans-disciplinary project we worked along four lines: i) Gathered support to have oncologists, hematologists, pathologists and cancer researchers join a nation-wide, bottom-up initiative with a few common priorities; ii) Liaised with executives and regulators in regional health care systems, The Ministry of Health and other public stakeholders and charities to have the top-down approaches meet the bottom-up initiative; iii) Aligned with industry to explore the possibility of a public-private partnership and iv) Coordinated with other PCM initiatives internationally. Over the past two years we have thus built and raised funding for: a) The InPreD-Norway national infrastructure delivering precision cancer diagnostics for patient identification and stratification into clinical trials (publicly reimbursed) and operating the national molecular tumor board; b) the IMPRESS-Norway national researcher-initiated PCM intervention trial (https://impressnorway.com), which opened for inclusion Q2 2021 and runs at all hospitals that treat cancer patients (18 hospitals). The trial is modelled on and coordinated with the Dutch DRUP trial and aligned with similar trials in the Nordic countries; c) the INSIGHT/INCLUDE projects for research on control cohorts, use of real world evidence (RWE), health economics and reimbursement models, and ethics, legal aspects and governance; and d) the CONNECT public-private partnership (https://www.connectnorway.org) for PCM implementation with 29 partners (14 pharma &amp; biotech companies, 9 public partners and 4 NGOs) for interaction with InPreD and IMPRESS initiatives and providing a forum that includes regulators and payors for policy discussions of reimbursement models and regulatory framework. Conclusions: Our experience could serve as a model for building a functioning ecosystem for implementation of PCM. Unique aspects include the nation-wide initiative, the population effect of the diagnostics to be offered and the integration of a public-private partnership.
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Mata, Douglas A., Farhan M. Katchi, and Ranjith Ramasamy. "Precision Medicine and Men’s Health." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (2015): 1124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315595693.

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Precision medicine can greatly benefit men’s health by helping to prevent, diagnose, and treat prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, infertility, hypogonadism, and erectile dysfunction. For example, precision medicine can facilitate the selection of men at high risk for prostate cancer for targeted prostate-specific antigen screening and chemoprevention administration, as well as assist in identifying men who are resistant to medical therapy for prostatic hyperplasia, who may instead require surgery. Precision medicine-trained clinicians can also let couples know whether their specific cause of infertility should be bypassed by sperm extraction and in vitro fertilization to prevent abnormalities in their offspring. Though precision medicine’s role in the management of hypogonadism has yet to be defined, it could be used to identify biomarkers associated with individual patients’ responses to treatment so that appropriate therapy can be prescribed. Last, precision medicine can improve erectile dysfunction treatment by identifying genetic polymorphisms that regulate response to medical therapies and by aiding in the selection of patients for further cardiovascular disease screening.
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Buckeridge, David L. "Precision, Equity, and Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics – A Scoping Review." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 29, no. 01 (2020): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701989.

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Objectives: This scoping review synthesizes the recent literature on precision public health and the influence of predictive models on health equity with the intent to highlight central concepts for each topic and identify research opportunities for the biomedical informatics community. Methods: Searches were conducted using PubMed for publications between 2017-01-01 and 2019-12-31. Results: Precision public health is defined as the use of data and evidence to tailor interventions to the characteristics of a single population. It differs from precision medicine in terms of its focus on populations and the limited role of human genomics. High-resolution spatial analysis in a global health context and application of genomics to infectious organisms are areas of progress. Opportunities for informatics research include (i) the development of frameworks for measuring non-clinical concepts, such as social position, (ii) the development of methods for learning from similar populations, and (iii) the evaluation of precision public health implementations. Just as the effects of interventions can differ across populations, predictive models can perform systematically differently across subpopulations due to information bias, sampling bias, random error, and the choice of the output. Algorithm developers, professional societies, and governments can take steps to prevent and mitigate these biases. However, even if the steps to avoid bias are clear in theory, they can be very challenging to accomplish in practice. Conclusions: Both precision public health and predictive modelling require careful consideration in how subpopulations are defined and access to data on subpopulations can be challenging. While the theory for both topics has advanced considerably, there is much work to be done in understanding how to implement and evaluate these approaches in practice.
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