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Journal articles on the topic 'Precision public health'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Olstad, Dana Lee, and Lynn McIntyre. "Reconceptualising precision public health." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e030279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030279.

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As currently conceived, precision public health is at risk of becoming precision medicine at a population level. This paper outlines a framework for precision public health that, in contrast to its current operationalisation, is consistent with public health principles because it integrates factors at all levels, while illuminating social position as a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. We review conceptual foundations of public health, outline a proposed framework for precision public health and describe its operationalisation within research and practice. Social position shapes individuals’ unequal experiences of the social determinants of health. Thus, in our formulation, precision public health investigates how multiple dimensions of social position interact to confer health risk differently for precisely defined population subgroups according to the social contexts in which they are embedded, while considering relevant biological and behavioural factors. It leverages this information to uncover the precise and intersecting social structures that pattern health outcomes, and to identify actionable interventions within the social contexts of affected groups. We contend that studies informed by this framework offer greater potential to improve health than current conceptualisations of precision public health that do not address root causes. Moreover, expanding beyond master categories of social position and operationalising these categories in more precise ways across time and place can enrich public health research through greater attention to the heterogeneity of social positions, their causes and health effects, leading to the identification of points of intervention that are specific enough to be useful in reducing health inequities. Failure to attend to this level of particularity may mask the true nature of health risk, the causal mechanisms at play and appropriate interventions. Conceptualised thus, precision public health is a research endeavour with much to offer by way of understanding and intervening on the causes of poor health and health inequities.As currently conceived, precision public health is at risk of becoming precision medicine at a population level. This paper outlines a framework for precision public health that, in contrast to its current operationalization, is consistent with public health principles because it integrates factors at all levels, while illuminating social position as a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. We review conceptual foundations of public health, outline a proposed framework for precision public health and describe its operationalization within research and practice. Social position shapes individuals’ unequal experiences of the social determinants of health. Thus, in our formulation, precision public health investigates how multiple dimensions of social position interact to confer health risk differently for precisely defined population subgroups according to the social contexts in which they are embedded, while considering relevant biological and behavioural factors. It leverages this information to uncover the precise and intersecting social structures that pattern health outcomes, and to identify actionable interventions within the social contexts of affected groups. We contend that studies informed by this framework offer greater potential to improve health than current conceptualizations of precision public health that do not address root causes. Moreover, expanding beyond master categories of social position and operationalizing these categories in more precise ways across time and place can enrich public health research through greater attention to the heterogeneity of social positions, their causes and health effects, leading to identification of points of intervention that are specific enough to be useful in reducing health inequities. Failure to attend to this level of particularity may mask the true nature of health risk, the causal mechanisms at play and appropriate interventions. Conceptualized thus, precision public health is a research endeavour with much to offer by way of understanding and intervening on the causes of poor health and health inequities.
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2

Kenney, Martha, and Laura Mamo. "The imaginary of precision public health." Medical Humanities 46, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011597.

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In recent years, precision medicine has emerged as a charismatic name for a growing movement to revolutionise biomedicine by bringing genomic knowledge and sequencing to clinical care. Increasingly, the precision revolution has also included a new paradigm called precision public health—part genomics, part informatics, part public health and part biomedicine. Advocates of precision public health, such as Sue Desmond-Hellmann, argue that adopting cutting-edge big data approaches will allow public health actors to precisely target populations who experience the highest burden of disease and mortality, creating more equitable health futures. In this article we analyse precision public health as a sociotechnical imaginary, examining how calls for precision shape which public health efforts are seen as necessary and desirable. By comparing the rhetoric of precision public health to precision warfare, we find that precision prescribes technical solutions to complex problems and promises data-driven futures free of uncertainty, unnecessary suffering and inefficient use of resources. We look at how these imagined futures shape the present as they animate public health initiatives in the Global South funded by powerful philanthropic organisations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as local efforts to address cancer disparities in San Francisco. Through our analysis of the imaginary of precision public health, we identify an emerging tension between health equity goals and precision’s technical solutions. Using large datasets to target interventions with greater precision, we argue, fails to address the upstream social determinants of health that give rise to health disparities worldwide. Therefore, we urge caution around investing in precision without a complementary commitment to addressing the social and economic conditions that are the root cause of health inequality.
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Reich, Brian J., and Murali Haran. "Precision maps for public health." Nature 555, no. 7694 (February 28, 2018): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-02096-w.

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4

Khoury, Muin J., Michael F. Iademarco, and William T. Riley. "Precision Public Health for the Era of Precision Medicine." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 50, no. 3 (March 2016): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.031.

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Chowkwanyun, Merlin, Ronald Bayer, and Sandro Galea. "Precision public health: pitfalls and promises." Lancet 393, no. 10183 (May 2019): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33187-8.

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6

Arnett, Donna K., and Steven A. Claas. "Precision Medicine, Genomics, and Public Health." Diabetes Care 39, no. 11 (October 25, 2016): 1870–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1763.

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7

Kee, Frank, and David Taylor-Robinson. "Scientific challenges for precision public health." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213311.

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The notion of ‘precision’ public health has been the subject of much debate, with recent articles coming to its defence following the publication of several papers questioning its value.Critics of precision public health raise the following problems and questionable assumptions: the inherent limits of prediction for individuals; the limits of approaches to prevention that rely on individual agency, in particular the potential for these approaches to widen inequalities; the undue emphasis on the supposed new information contained in individuals’ molecules and their ‘big data’ at the expense of their own preferences for a particular intervention strategy and the diversion of resources and attention from the social determinants of health.In order to refocus some of these criticisms of precision public health as scientific questions, this article outlines some of the challenges when defining risk for individuals; the limitations of current theory and study design for precision public health; and the potential for unintended harms.
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8

Dowell, Scott F., David Blazes, and Susan Desmond-Hellmann. "Four steps to precision public health." Nature 540, no. 7632 (December 2016): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/540189a.

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9

Khoury, Muin J., M. Scott Bowen, Mindy Clyne, W. David Dotson, Marta L. Gwinn, Ridgely Fisk Green, Katherine Kolor, Juan L. Rodriguez, Anja Wulf, and Wei Yu. "From public health genomics to precision public health: a 20-year journey." Genetics in Medicine 20, no. 6 (December 14, 2017): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/gim.2017.211.

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10

Ollier, William, Kenneth R. Muir, Artitaya Lophatananon, Arpana Verma, and Martin Yuille. "Risk biomarkers enable precision in public health." Personalized Medicine 15, no. 4 (July 2018): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pme-2017-0068.

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11

Horton, Richard. "Offline: In defence of precision public health." Lancet 392, no. 10157 (October 2018): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32741-7.

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12

Allen, Caitlin G., Alison E. Fohner, Latrice Landry, Jean Paul, Samuel G. Smith, Erin Turbitt, and Megan C. Roberts. "Early career investigators and precision public health." Lancet 394, no. 10196 (August 2019): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30498-2.

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13

Blower, Sally, and Justin T. Okano. "Precision public health and HIV in Africa." Lancet Infectious Diseases 19, no. 10 (October 2019): 1050–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30474-8.

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14

Taylor-Robinson, David, and Frank Kee. "Precision public health—the Emperor’s new clothes." International Journal of Epidemiology 48, no. 1 (September 12, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy184.

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15

Ramaswami, Ramya, Ronald Bayer, and Sandro Galea. "Precision Medicine from a Public Health Perspective." Annual Review of Public Health 39, no. 1 (April 2018): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014158.

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16

Bayer, Ronald, and Sandro Galea. "Public Health in the Precision-Medicine Era." New England Journal of Medicine 373, no. 6 (August 6, 2015): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1506241.

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17

Chowkwanyun, Merlin, Ronald Bayer, and Sandro Galea. "“Precision” Public Health — Between Novelty and Hype." New England Journal of Medicine 379, no. 15 (October 11, 2018): 1398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1806634.

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18

Patel, Ronak B. "Precision Health in Disaster Medicine and Global Public Health." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 6 (December 2018): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18001061.

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AbstractCurrent debates about precision medicine take different perspectives on its relevance and value in global health. The term has not yet been applied to disaster medicine or humanitarian health, but it may hold significant value. An interpretation of the term for global public health and disaster medicine is presented here for application to vulnerable populations. Embracing the term may drive more efficient use and targeting of limited resources while encouraging innovation and adopting the new approaches advocated in current humanitarian discourse.PatelRB.Precision health in disaster medicine and global public health.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(6):565–566.
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19

Vineeth, Amba, Celly Martins Ribeiro de Souza Marina, Kenner Carole, and Marques Borges Carolina. "Precision health contributions to public health: An integrative review." Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jphe2017.0986.

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20

Meurer, John R., Jeffrey C. Whittle, Kelsey M. Lamb, Matthew A. Kosasih, Melinda R. Dwinell, and Raul A. Urrutia. "Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health: Academic Education and Community Engagement." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 57, no. 2 (August 2019): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.010.

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21

Kamel Boulos, Maged N., and Peng Zhang. "Digital Twins: From Personalised Medicine to Precision Public Health." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080745.

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A digital twin is a virtual model of a physical entity, with dynamic, bi-directional links between the physical entity and its corresponding twin in the digital domain. Digital twins are increasingly used today in different industry sectors. Applied to medicine and public health, digital twin technology can drive a much-needed radical transformation of traditional electronic health/medical records (focusing on individuals) and their aggregates (covering populations) to make them ready for a new era of precision (and accuracy) medicine and public health. Digital twins enable learning and discovering new knowledge, new hypothesis generation and testing, and in silico experiments and comparisons. They are poised to play a key role in formulating highly personalised treatments and interventions in the future. This paper provides an overview of the technology’s history and main concepts. A number of application examples of digital twins for personalised medicine, public health, and smart healthy cities are presented, followed by a brief discussion of the key technical and other challenges involved in such applications, including ethical issues that arise when digital twins are applied to model humans.
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22

Davey, Gail, and Kebede Deribe. "Precision public health: mapping child mortality in Africa." Lancet 390, no. 10108 (November 2017): 2126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32280-8.

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23

The Lancet Public Health. "Next generation public health: towards precision and fairness." Lancet Public Health 4, no. 5 (May 2019): e209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30064-7.

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24

Vaithinathan, Asokan G., and Vanitha Asokan. "Public health and precision medicine share a goal." Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 10, no. 2 (May 2017): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12239.

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25

Whitsel, Laurie P., John Wilbanks, Mark D. Huffman, and Jennifer L. Hall. "The Role of Government in Precision Medicine, Precision Public Health and the Intersection With Healthy Living." Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 62, no. 1 (January 2019): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.002.

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26

Khoury, Muin J., Michael Engelgau, David A. Chambers, and George A. Mensah. "Beyond Public Health Genomics: Can Big Data and Predictive Analytics Deliver Precision Public Health?" Public Health Genomics 21, no. 5-6 (2018): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501465.

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27

Khoury, Muin J., Gregory L. Armstrong, Rebecca E. Bunnell, Juliana Cyril, and Michael F. Iademarco. "The intersection of genomics and big data with public health: Opportunities for precision public health." PLOS Medicine 17, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): e1003373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003373.

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28

Moraes, Milton Ozório, and Nádia Cristina Düppre. "Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis: innovation and precision public health." Lancet Global Health 9, no. 1 (January 2021): e8-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30512-x.

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29

Ferryman, Kadija. "The Dangers of Data Colonialism in Precision Public Health." Global Policy 12, S6 (July 2021): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12953.

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30

Leguia, Mariana, Anton Vila-Sanjurjo, Patrick S. G. Chain, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Richard G. Jarman, and Simon Pollett. "Precision Medicine and Precision Public Health in the Era of Pathogen Next-Generation Sequencing." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, Supplement_3 (November 21, 2019): S289—S291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz424.

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Abstract This brief report serves as an introduction to a supplement of the Journal of Infectious Diseases entitled “Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Technologies to Advance Global Infectious Disease Research.” We briefly discuss the history of NGS technologies and describe how the techniques developed during the past 40 years have impacted our understanding of infectious diseases. Our focus is on the application of NGS in the context of pathogen genomics. Beyond obvious clinical and public health applications, we also discuss the challenges that still remain within this rapidly evolving field.
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31

Modell, Stephen, Toby Citrin, and Sharon Kardia. "Laying Anchor: Inserting Precision Health into a Public Health Genetics Policy Course." Healthcare 6, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030093.

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The United States Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) was announced by then President Barack Obama in January 2015. It is a national effort designed to take into account genetic, environmental, and lifestyle differences in the development of individually tailored forms of treatment and prevention. This goal was implemented in March 2015 with the formation of an advisory committee working group to provide a framework for the proposed national research cohort of one million or more participants. The working group further held a public workshop on participant engagement and health equity, focusing on the design of an inclusive cohort, building public trust, and identifying active participant engagement features for the national cohort. Precision techniques offer medical and public health practitioners the opportunity to personally tailor preventive and therapeutic regimens based on informatics applied to large volume genotypic and phenotypic data. The PMI’s (All of Us Research Program’s) medical and public health promise, its balanced attention to technical and ethical issues, and its nuanced advisory structure made it a natural choice for inclusion in the University of Michigan course “Issues in Public Health Genetics” (HMP 517), offered each fall by the University’s School of Public Health. In 2015, the instructors included the PMI as the recurrent case study introduced at the beginning and referred to throughout the course, and as a class exercise allowing students to translate issues into policy. In 2016, an entire class session was devoted to precision medicine and precision public health. In this article, we examine the dialogues that transpired in these three course components, evaluate session impact on student ability to formulate PMI policy, and share our vision for next-generation courses dealing with precision health. Methodology: Class materials (class notes, oral exercise transcripts, class exercise written hand-ins) from the three course components were inspected and analyzed for issues and policy content. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the extent to which course components have enabled our students to formulate policy in the precision public health area. Analysis of student comments responding to questions posed during the initial case study comprised the initial or “pre-” categories. Analysis of student responses to the class exercise assignment, which included the same set of questions, formed the “post-” categories. Categories were validated by cross-comparison among the three authors, and inspected for frequency with which they appeared in student responses. Frequencies steered the selection of illustrative quotations, revealing the extent to which students were able to convert issue areas into actual policies. Lecture content and student comments in the precision health didactic session were inspected for degree to which they reinforced and extended the derived categories. Results: The case study inspection yielded four overarching categories: (1) assurance (access, equity, disparities); (2) participation (involvement, representativeness); (3) ethics (consent, privacy, benefit sharing); and (4) treatment of people (stigmatization, discrimination). Class exercise inspection and analysis yielded three additional categories: (5) financial; (6) educational; and (7) trust-building. The first three categories exceeded the others in terms of number of student mentions (8–14 vs. 4–6 mentions). Three other categories were considered and excluded because of infrequent mention. Students suggested several means of trust-building, including PMI personnel working with community leaders, stakeholder consultation, networking, and use of social media. Student representatives prioritized participant and research institution access to PMI information over commercial access. Multiple schemes were proposed for participant consent and return of results. Both pricing policy and Medicaid coverage were touched on. During the didactic session, students commented on the importance of provider training in precision health. Course evaluation highlighted the need for clarity on the organizations involved in the PMI, and leaving time for student-student interaction. Conclusions: While some student responses during the exercise were terse, an evolution was detectable over the three course components in student ability to suggest tangible policies and steps for implementation. Students also gained surety in presenting policy positions to a peer audience. Students came up with some very creative suggestions, such as use of an electronic platform to assure participant involvement in the disposition of their biological sample and personal health information, and alternate examples of ways to manage large volumes of data. An examination of socio-ethical issues and policies can strengthen student understanding of the directions the Precision Medicine Initiative is taking, and aid in training for the application of more varied precision medicine and public health techniques, such as tier 1 genetic testing and whole genome and exome sequencing. Future course development may reflect additional features of the ongoing All of Us Research Program, and further articulate precision public health approaches applying to populations as opposed to single individuals.
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Traversi, Deborah, Alessandra Pulliero, Alberto Izzotti, Elena Franchitti, Licia Iacoviello, Francesco Gianfagna, Alessandro Gialluisi, et al. "Precision Medicine and Public Health: New Challenges for Effective and Sustainable Health." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020135.

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The development of high-throughput omics technologies represents an unmissable opportunity for evidence-based prevention of adverse effects on human health. However, the applicability and access to multi-omics tests are limited. In Italy, this is due to the rapid increase of knowledge and the high levels of skill and economic investment initially necessary. The fields of human genetics and public health have highlighted the relevance of an implementation strategy at a national level in Italy, including integration in sanitary regulations and governance instruments. In this review, the emerging field of public health genomics is discussed, including the polygenic scores approach, epigenetic modulation, nutrigenomics, and microbiomes implications. Moreover, the Italian state of implementation is presented. The omics sciences have important implications for the prevention of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, especially because they can be used to assess the health status during the whole course of life. An effective population health gain is possible if omics tools are implemented for each person after a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in the medium to long term.
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33

Mata, Douglas A., Farhan M. Katchi, and Ranjith Ramasamy. "Precision Medicine and Men’s Health." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (July 17, 2015): 1124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315595693.

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Precision medicine can greatly benefit men’s health by helping to prevent, diagnose, and treat prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, infertility, hypogonadism, and erectile dysfunction. For example, precision medicine can facilitate the selection of men at high risk for prostate cancer for targeted prostate-specific antigen screening and chemoprevention administration, as well as assist in identifying men who are resistant to medical therapy for prostatic hyperplasia, who may instead require surgery. Precision medicine-trained clinicians can also let couples know whether their specific cause of infertility should be bypassed by sperm extraction and in vitro fertilization to prevent abnormalities in their offspring. Though precision medicine’s role in the management of hypogonadism has yet to be defined, it could be used to identify biomarkers associated with individual patients’ responses to treatment so that appropriate therapy can be prescribed. Last, precision medicine can improve erectile dysfunction treatment by identifying genetic polymorphisms that regulate response to medical therapies and by aiding in the selection of patients for further cardiovascular disease screening.
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34

Temesgen, Zelalem, Daniela M. Cirillo, and Mario C. Raviglione. "Precision medicine and public health interventions: tuberculosis as a model?" Lancet Public Health 4, no. 8 (August 2019): e374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30130-6.

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35

Gonzalez, Daniel, Gauri G. Rao, Stacy C. Bailey, Kim L. R. Brouwer, Yanguang Cao, Daniel J. Crona, Angela D. M. Kashuba, et al. "Precision Dosing: Public Health Need, Proposed Framework, and Anticipated Impact." Clinical and Translational Science 10, no. 6 (August 10, 2017): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cts.12490.

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36

Risher, John F., and Christopher T. DeRosa. "The precision, uses, and limitations of public health guidance values." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 3, no. 5 (November 1997): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039709383728.

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37

Khoury, Muin J., and James P. Evans. "A Public Health Perspective on a National Precision Medicine Cohort." JAMA 313, no. 21 (June 2, 2015): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.3382.

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Chan, Ta-Chien, Jia-Hong Tang, Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Kevin J. Chen, Tsan-Hua Yu, and Yu-Ting Tsai. "Approaching precision public health by automated syndromic surveillance in communities." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): e0254479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254479.

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Background Sentinel physician surveillance in communities has played an important role in detecting early signs of epidemics. The traditional approach is to let the primary care physician voluntarily and actively report diseases to the health department on a weekly basis. However, this is labor-intensive work, and the spatio-temporal resolution of the surveillance data is not precise at all. In this study, we built up a clinic-based enhanced sentinel surveillance system named “Sentinel plus” which was designed for sentinel clinics and community hospitals to monitor 23 kinds of syndromic groups in Taipei City, Taiwan. The definitions of those syndromic groups were based on ICD-10 diagnoses from physicians. Methods Daily ICD-10 counts of two syndromic groups including ILI and EV-like syndromes in Taipei City were extracted from Sentinel plus. A negative binomial regression model was used to couple with lag structure functions to examine the short-term association between ICD counts and meteorological variables. After fitting the negative binomial regression model, residuals were further rescaled to Pearson residuals. We then monitored these daily standardized Pearson residuals for any aberrations from July 2018 to October 2019. Results The results showed that daily average temperature was significantly negatively associated with numbers of ILI syndromes. The ozone and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly positively associated with ILI syndromes. In addition, daily minimum temperature, and the ozone and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly negatively associated with the EV-like syndromes. The aberrational signals detected from clinics for ILI and EV-like syndromes were earlier than the epidemic period based on outpatient surveillance defined by the Taiwan CDC. Conclusions This system not only provides warning signals to the local health department for managing the risks but also reminds medical practitioners to be vigilant toward susceptible patients. The near real-time surveillance can help decision makers evaluate their policy on a timely basis.
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39

Johnson, Walter G. "Using Precision Public Health to Manage Climate Change: Opportunities, Challenges, and Health Justice." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 4 (2020): 681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979374.

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Amid public health concerns over climate change, “precision public health” (PPH) is emerging in next generation approaches to practice. These novel methods promise to augment public health operations by using ever larger and more robust health datasets combined with new tools for collecting and analyzing data. Precision strategies to protecting the public health could more effectively or efficiently address the systemic threats of climate change, but may also propagate or exacerbate health disparities for the populations most vulnerable in a changing climate. How PPH interventions collect and aggregate data, decide what to measure, and analyze data pose potential issues around privacy, neglecting social determinants of health, and introducing algorithmic bias into climate responses. Adopting a health justice framework, guided by broader social and climate justice tenets, can reveal principles and policy actions which may guide more responsible implementation of PPH in climate responses.
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40

Buckeridge, David L. "Precision, Equity, and Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics – A Scoping Review." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 29, no. 01 (August 2020): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701989.

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Objectives: This scoping review synthesizes the recent literature on precision public health and the influence of predictive models on health equity with the intent to highlight central concepts for each topic and identify research opportunities for the biomedical informatics community. Methods: Searches were conducted using PubMed for publications between 2017-01-01 and 2019-12-31. Results: Precision public health is defined as the use of data and evidence to tailor interventions to the characteristics of a single population. It differs from precision medicine in terms of its focus on populations and the limited role of human genomics. High-resolution spatial analysis in a global health context and application of genomics to infectious organisms are areas of progress. Opportunities for informatics research include (i) the development of frameworks for measuring non-clinical concepts, such as social position, (ii) the development of methods for learning from similar populations, and (iii) the evaluation of precision public health implementations. Just as the effects of interventions can differ across populations, predictive models can perform systematically differently across subpopulations due to information bias, sampling bias, random error, and the choice of the output. Algorithm developers, professional societies, and governments can take steps to prevent and mitigate these biases. However, even if the steps to avoid bias are clear in theory, they can be very challenging to accomplish in practice. Conclusions: Both precision public health and predictive modelling require careful consideration in how subpopulations are defined and access to data on subpopulations can be challenging. While the theory for both topics has advanced considerably, there is much work to be done in understanding how to implement and evaluate these approaches in practice.
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Levy-Lahad, E., A. Lahad, and M. C. King. "Precision Medicine Meets Public Health: Population Screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 107, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): dju420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dju420.

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Terry, Paul E. "Genetic Exceptionalism and Precision Health Promotion." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 7 (March 17, 2020): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117120908806.

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Are social determinants of health overrated? Is parenting overrated? Will the genetics revolution have the same influence on health behavior as powerful determinants such as culture or the environment? In this editorial, I posit that we will learn that genetic testing will have far greater benefits, and fewer harms, when done in conjunction with well-designed health education and lived experiences. I define precision health promotion as the personalized design of lived experiences that foster improved health and well-being for individuals within the context of their organizations, families, and communities. With the need for education and support to augment genetics information will come the need for unequivocal answers about who should know, and who has no business knowing, about your DNA test results.
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Porche, Demetrius J. "Precision Medicine Initiative." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315574512.

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Richard, Aude, Nefti-Eboni Bempong, and Antoine Flahault. "Geneva Health Forum: The First International Conference on Precision Global Health." American Journal of Public Health 109, no. 6 (June 2019): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305063.

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45

Chatelan, Angeline, Murielle Bochud, and Katherine L. Frohlich. "Precision nutrition: hype or hope for public health interventions to reduce obesity?" International Journal of Epidemiology 48, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy274.

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Rasmussen, Sonja A., Muin J. Khoury, and Carlos del Rio. "Precision Public Health as a Key Tool in the COVID-19 Response." JAMA 324, no. 10 (September 8, 2020): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.14992.

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Nitenberg, Gérard, Mélanie Couralet, Marc Le Vaillant, Philippe Loirat, and Etienne Minvielle. "Precision of Composite Performance Scores." Medical Care 51, no. 9 (September 2013): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e3182993721.

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48

Van Rie, A., D. G. de Viedma, C. Meehan, I. Comas, T. H. Heupink, E. De Vos, W. A. de Oñate, et al. "Whole-genome sequencing for TB source investigations: principles of ethical precision public health." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 25, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0886.

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BACKGROUND: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis allows rapid, accurate inferences about the sources, location and timing of transmission. However, in an era of heightened concern for personal privacy and science distrust, such inferences could result in unintended harm and undermine the public´s trust.METHODS: We held interdisciplinary stakeholder discussions and performed ethical analyses of real-world illustrative cases to identify principles that optimise benefit and mitigate harm of M. tuberculosis WGS‐driven TB source investigations.RESULTS: The speed and precision with which real‐time WGS can be used to associate M. tuberculosis strains with sensitive information has raised important concerns. While detailed understanding of transmission events could mitigate harm to vulnerable patients and communities when otherwise unfairly blamed for TB outbreaks, the precision of WGS can also identify transmission events resulting in social blame, fear, discrimination, individual or location stigma, and the use of defaming language by the public, politicians and scientists. Public health programmes should balance the need to safeguard privacy with public health goals, transparency and individual rights, including the right to know who infects whom or where.CONCLUSIONS: Ethical challenges raised by real‐time WGS‐driven TB source investigation requires public health authorities to move beyond their current legal mandate and embrace transparency, privacy and community engagement.
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Bíró, K., V. Dombrádi, A. Jani, K. Boruzs, and M. Gray. "Creating a common language: defining individualized, personalized and precision prevention in public health." Journal of Public Health 40, no. 4 (April 20, 2018): e552-e559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy066.

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Afshinnekoo, Ebrahim, Chou Chou, Noah Alexander, Sofia Ahsanuddin, Audrey N. Schuetz, and Christopher E. Mason. "Precision Metagenomics: Rapid Metagenomic Analyses for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Public Health Surveillance." Journal of Biomolecular Techniques : JBT 28, no. 1 (April 2017): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7171/jbt.17-2801-007.

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