Journal articles: 'Precision fermentation'

1

Laila, Umi, Rifa Nurhayati, Tyas Utami, and Endang Sutriswati Rahayu. "Prediction of Microbial Population in Sorghum Fermentation through Mathematical Models." Reaktor 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.4.152-161.

Full text

Abstract:

The mathematical models can be used as a tool in predicting microbial population in sorghum fermentation, either spontaneous fermentation or fermentation with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculum. Gompertz model modified by Gibson, Gompertz model modified by Zwietering, Baranyi-Robert model, Fujikawa model, Richards model, Schnute model were used in predicting the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform bacteria during spontaneous fermentation, and also the growth of LAB during fermentation with the addition of inoculum. Meanwhile, there was death (inactivation) of coliform bacteria during sorghum fermentation with the addition of LAB inoculum. The Geeraerd model and the Gompertz model modified by Gil et al. were used to predict the inactivation. The accuracy and precision of models were evaluated based on the Root Mean of Sum Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and curve fitting. Gompertz model modified by Gibson had the highest accuracy and precision, which was followed by the accuracy of the Fujikawa model and Baranyi-Robert model in predicting the growth of LAB and the growth of coliform bacteria during spontaneous fermentation. Meanwhile, in predicting LAB growth during fermentation with the addition of inoculum, high accuracy and precision was obtained from Richards and Schnute models. In predicting the inactivation of coliform bacteria, Geeraerd model provided higher accuracy and precision compared to Gompertz model modified by Gil et al. Keywords: fermentation; inoculum; mathematical; model; sorghum; spontaneous

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ginésy, Mireille, Josefine Enman, Daniela Rusanova-Naydenova, and Ulrika Rova. "Simultaneous Quantification of L-arginine and Monosaccharides during Fermentation: An Advanced Chromatography Approach." Molecules 24, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040802.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing demand for L-arginine by the food and pharmaceutical industries has sparked the search for sustainable ways of producing it. Microbial fermentation offers a suitable alternative; however, monitoring of arginine production and carbon source uptake during fermentation, requires simple and reliable quantitative methods compatible with the fermentation medium. Two methods for the simultaneous quantification of arginine and glucose or xylose are described here: high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to integrated pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-IPAD) and reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with charged aerosol detection (RP-UHPLC-CAD). Both were thoroughly validated in a lysogeny broth, a minimal medium, and a complex medium containing corn steep liquor. HPAEC-IPAD displayed an excellent specificity, accuracy, and precision for arginine, glucose, and xylose in minimal medium and lysogeny broth, whereas specificity and accuracy for arginine were somewhat lower in medium containing corn steep liquor. RP-UHPLC-CAD exhibited high accuracy and precision, and enabled successful monitoring of arginine and glucose or xylose in all media. The present study describes the first successful application of the above chromatographic methods for the determination and monitoring of L-arginine amounts during its fermentative production by a genetically modified Escherichia coli strain cultivated in various growth media.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mančić, Stojan, Bojana Danilović, Marko Malićanin, Sandra Stamenković Stojanović, Nada Nikolić, Miodrag Lazić, and Ivana Karabegović. "Fermentative Potential of Native Yeast Candida famata for Prokupac Grape Must Fermentation." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040358.

Full text

Abstract:

The fermentative potential of native Candida famata isolates from wild and cultivated blackberries was evaluated for potential application in Prokupac grape must fermentation. 5 isolates, out of a total 22 isolated yeasts, were identified as C. famata. After the initial screening of fermentative performances, microfermentation was performed in a sterile grape must. Produced samples were analyzed using the HPLC technique. All isolates showed an ability to grow at lower temperatures, good tolerance to 7% ethanol and 300 ppm of SO2. C. famata isolates WB-1, WB-2 and W-5 had similar fermentation performance, but WB-1 isolate was chosen for validation at a laboratory-scale level according to a pleasant, fruity aroma, highest fermentative vigor and power, good organic acid profile and the highest level of ethanol and glycerol produced in micro-vinification experiments. Good enological performance of selected C. famata WB-1 isolate is confirmed by higher level of glycerol, lower level of ethanol and acetic acid in wine samples produced in pure and sequential fermentation, when compared to the control sample. Throughout the selection of C. famata yeasts with good enological potential, this work gives a contribution in the area of precision enology, aiming to find a perfect match between non-exploited yeasts and “autochthonous” grape cultivar Prokupac.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Aramrueang, Natthiporn, Passanun Lomwongsopon, Sasiprapa Boonsong, and Papassorn Kingklao. "Improved Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of High-Range Volatile Fatty Acids in Mixed Acid Fermentation of Organic Residues." Fermentation 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8050202.

Full text

Abstract:

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are the important intermediates indicating the stability and performance of fermentation process. This study developed the spectrophotometric method for determining high-range VFA concentration in mixed-acid fermentation samples. The performance was compared with the gas chromatography (GC) technique. The calibration curves of the modified method showed linearity over a wide and high concentration range of 250–5000 mg/L for individual C2–C6 VFAs in both linear and branched chains. In order to evaluate the modified method for VFA determination in complex fermentation matrices, fermentation samples produced from acidogenic fermentation of plant materials were spiked with acetic (500–1500 mg/L) and butyric acids (1000 mg/L). The accuracy and precision of the modified method for VFA determination were in the range of 94.68–106.50% and 2.35–9.26%, respectively, comparable to the GC method (94.42–99.13% and 0.17–1.93%). The developed method was applicable to measuring all C2–C6 compounds and VFA concentrations in the fermentation samples and had an acceptable accuracy and precision. The proposed method is analytically reliable and offers significant advantages in the rapid determination of VFAs in mixed acid fermentation of organic residues.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Kimutai, Gibson, Alexander Ngenzi, Said Rutabayiro Ngoga, Rose C. Ramkat, and Anna Förster. "An internet of things (IoT)-based optimum tea fermentation detection model using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and majority voting techniques." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 10, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-153-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most consumed drinks across the world. Based on processing techniques, there are more than 15 000 categories of tea, but the main categories include yellow tea, Oolong tea, Illex tea, black tea, matcha tea, green tea, and sencha tea, among others. Black tea is the most popular among the categories worldwide. During black tea processing, the following stages occur: plucking, withering, cutting, tearing, curling, fermentation, drying, and sorting. Although all these stages affect the quality of the processed tea, fermentation is the most vital as it directly defines the quality. Fermentation is a time-bound process, and its optimum is currently manually detected by tea tasters monitoring colour change, smelling the tea, and tasting the tea as fermentation progresses. This paper explores the use of the internet of things (IoT), deep convolutional neural networks, and image processing with majority voting techniques in detecting the optimum fermentation of black tea. The prototype was made up of Raspberry Pi 3 models with a Pi camera to take real-time images of tea as fermentation progresses. We deployed the prototype in the Sisibo Tea Factory for training, validation, and evaluation. When the deep learner was evaluated on offline images, it had a perfect precision and accuracy of 1.0 each. The deep learner recorded the highest precision and accuracy of 0.9589 and 0.8646, respectively, when evaluated on real-time images. Additionally, the deep learner recorded an average precision and accuracy of 0.9737 and 0.8953, respectively, when a majority voting technique was applied in decision-making. From the results, it is evident that the prototype can be used to monitor the fermentation of various categories of tea that undergo fermentation, including Oolong and black tea, among others. Additionally, the prototype can also be scaled up by retraining it for use in monitoring the fermentation of other crops, including coffee and cocoa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Schlau, N., L. Duineveld, W. Z. Yang, T. A. McAllister, and M. Oba. "Precision processing barley grain did not affect productivity of lactating dairy cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 2 (June 2013): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-133.

Full text

Abstract:

Schlau, N., Duineveld, L., Yang, W. Z., McAllister, T. A. and Oba, M. 2013. Precision processing barley grain did not affect productivity of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 261–268. This study evaluated the effects of precision processing (PP; processing based on kernel size) barley grain on ruminal fermentation and productivity of lactating dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows, including eight ruminally cannulated cows, were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Diets contained light barley grain processed precisely using a narrow roller setting (LB), heavy barley processed precisely using a wide roller setting (HB), processed HB and LB mixed at equal proportions (PP), or equal parts of light and heavy barley grain processed at a single narrow roller setting (CON). All diets consisted of 40% barley grain, 40% barley silage, and 20% of a supplement premix. Comparisons were made between LB and HB to evaluate the effect of barley quality, and between PP and CON to evaluate the effect of precision processing. Dry matter intake, sorting index, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and nutrient digestibility were not affected by diet. In addition, milk yield and concentrations of milk fat, protein, and lactose were not different, although milk urea nitrogen concentration was greater for PP vs. CON and for LB vs. HB. These results suggest that precision processing barley grain based on kernel size may not drastically affect ruminal fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Choi, Sun-Il, Hee-Yeon Kwon, Im-Joung La, Yeon-Hui Jo, Xionggao Han, Xiao Men, Se-Jeong Lee, Yong-Deok Kim, Geum-Su Seong, and Ok-Hwan Lee. "Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Deacetylasperulosidic Acid, Asperulosidic Acid, Scopolin, Asperuloside and Scopoletin in Fermented Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni)." Separations 8, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8060080.

Full text

Abstract:

Fermentation is a technology that enhances biologically active ingredients, improves the absorption rate and induces the generation of new functional ingredients by the catalytic action of enzyme systems possessed by microorganisms. In this study, changes in the content of five kinds of bioactive compounds (deacetylasperulosidic acid, asperulosidic acid, scopolin, asperuloside and scopoletin) of Morinda citrifolia L. were confirmed by fermentation, and a high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis method for measuring analytes was developed and validated. HPLC method for the determination of five bioactive compounds in Morinda citrifolia L. extracts (MCE) was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy. The coefficient of determination of the calibration curve for bioactive compounds (1.56–100 μg/mL) showed linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9999). LOD and LOQ were in the range 0.04–0.97 and 0.13–2.95 μg/mL, respectively. The range of intra- and intraday accuracies values (recovery) were 97.5–121.9% and 98.8–118.1%, respectively, and precision value (RSDs) of the bioactive compounds were <4%. In addition, changes in the content of five bioactive compounds in MCE by fermentation were confirmed. These results indicate that the developed fermentation and analysis method could be applied in the development of potential functional food ingredients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hickey, M. C., A. P. Moloney, M. O'Connell, and J. Connolly. "Modification of an in vitro batch culture technique to improve precision in long-term studies." BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033000.

Full text

Abstract:

In vitro techniques have been developed to facilitate the measurement of nutritional variability amongst food. Many kinetic studies have utilized the modified Tilley and Terry technique, with long-term incubations carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks. These are inefficient in utilizing incubator space for large scale studies. However substitution of Erlenmeyer flasks with tubes as fermentation units leaves the system prone to ‘bridging’, the formation of dense mats of forage particles by entrapped gas, above the level of the media in a fermentation unit. The objective of experiment 1 was to establish an effective incubation technique to eliminate the random variation caused by bridging.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

He, Tao, Xiang Hu, Jiu Yin Chen, and Xian Wang. "A Fuzzy Predictive Controlling Method of Fermentation Tank Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.248.

Full text

Abstract:

Liquor fermentation is a complex biochemical process, to control the temperature of fermentation tank fastly and accurately in the process can improve the efficiency and quality of fermentation .Because of the nonlinear and time lag of the process, meanwhile the conventional PID control and is difficult to solve practical problems in precise control,So this paper puts forward a fuzzy predictive controlling method, by combining the advantages of fuzzy control and predictive control for big lag, nonlinear fermentation systems.After using MATLAB to make comparative data simulation, the result shows that the proposed design method can better dynamic and static characteristics of both system, with static characteristic small overshoot, fast response, high steady precision, etc, can be useful in industrial control systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Leong, Yi Ying, Chuii Khim Chong, Lian En Chai, Safaai Deris, Rosli Illias, Sigeru Omatu, and Mohd Saberi Mohamad. "Simulation of Fermentation Pathway Using Bees Algorithm." ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/adcaij2012121319.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose Bees Algorithm (BA) to enhance the performance in estimating the parameters for metabolic pathway data to simulate fermentation pathway for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the parameter estimation of biological processes has always been a challenging task due to the complexity and nonlinear equations. Therefore, we present this algorithm as a new approach for parameter estimation for biological interactions to obtain more accurate parameter values. The result shows that BA outperforms other estimation algorithms as it produces the most accurate kinetic parameters, which contributes to the precision of simulated kinetic model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Yang, W. Z., M. Oba, and T. A. McAllister. "Quality and precision processing of barley grain affected intake and digestibility of dry matter in feedlot steers." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 2 (June 2013): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-132.

Full text

Abstract:

Yang, W. Z., Oba, M. and McAllister, T. A. 2013. Quality and precision processing of barley grain affected intake and digestibility of dry matter in feedlot steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 251–260. A study was conducted to determine the impact of barley quality and precision processing to account for the impact of variable kernel uniformity on ruminal pH and fermentation, and digestibility in the digestive tract of steers. Eight ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square experiment. The four diets consisted of light-weight barley (LB) precision-processed with roller setting based on kernel size; heavy-weight barley (HB) precision-processed; LB and HB grain mixed equal parts then processed at a single roller setting (CON); or LB and HB precision-processed and mixed equal parts (PP). The diets consisted of 10% barley silage and 90% concentrate [dry matter (DM) basis]. Dry matter intake by steers fed LB was greater (P=0.04) than by steers fed HB. Intakes of DM and other nutrients were greater (P=0.04) for steers fed PP than for steers fed CON. There were no differences (P>0.14) in ruminal pH and fermentation among treatments. Digestibility of DM in the total digestive tract tended (P=0.06) to be less with LB than with HB. Precision processing increased digestibility of crude proteion (P=0.04) and acid detergent fibre (P=0.06) resulting in a trend (P=0.10) towards increasing organic matter digestibility as compared with CON. The results suggest that screening of blended barley into more uniform fractions and precision processing of each fraction could increase intake of digestible nutrients for feedlot cattle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Newton, Joseph, Reinhard Oeggl, Nils H. Janzen, Sandra Abad, and Daniela Reinisch. "Process adapted calibration improves fluorometric pH sensor precision in sophisticated fermentation processes." Engineering in Life Sciences 20, no. 8 (June 17, 2020): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201900156.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lascano, G. J., A. J. Heinrichs, and J. M. Tricarico. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae live culture affects rapidly fermentable carbohydrates fermentation profile in precision-fed dairy heifers." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 1 (March 2015): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas-2014-104.

Full text

Abstract:

Lascano, G. J., Heinrichs, A. J. and Tricarico, J. M. 2015. Saccharomyces cerevisiae live culture affects rapidly fermentable carbohydrates fermentation profile in precision-fed dairy heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 117–127. The experimental objective was to determine the dose effect of live yeast culture (YC) on rumen fermentation profiles and microbial total cell concentrations in precision-fed dairy heifers exposed to different rapidly fermented carbohydrates diets. A split-plot design with starch level as the whole plot and YC dose as sub-plot was administered in a four-period (21 d) 4×4 Latin square balanced for carryover effects. Eight Holstein heifers were allocated to two starch treatments (28% starch: HS; 17% starch: LS) and to a sequence of YC doses (0, 10, 30, and 50 g d−1). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was not different among YC doses or starch level, but molar proportions of propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate were higher for HS than for LS. Mean ruminal ammonia concentration was increased in HS-fed heifers. Heifers fed HS had an increased number of viable, non-viable, and total fluid-associated bacteria, particle-associated bacteria, and total bacteria. Increasing YC dose linearly beyond 10 g d−1 decreased viable and total fluid-associated bacteria. The effects of various YC doses on ruminal fermentation products, pH, and microbial total cell concentrations indicate diet dependency between source of readily available carbohydrates and YC addition in dairy heifers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mei, Congli, Ming Yang, Dongxin Shu, Hui Jiang, Guohai Liu, and Zhiling Liao. "Soft sensor based on Gaussian process regression and its application in erythromycin fermentation process." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 22, no. 2 (2016): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq150125026m.

Full text

Abstract:

Erythromycin fermentation process is a typical microbial fermentation process. Soft sensors can be used to estimate biomass of Erythromycin fermentation process for their relative low cost, simple development, and ability to predict difficult-to-measure variables. However, traditional soft sensors, e.g. artificial neural network (ANN) soft sensors, support vector machine (SVM) soft sensors, etc., cannot represent the uncertainty (measurement precision) of outputs. That results in difficulties in practice. Gaussian process regression (GPR) provides a novel framework to solve regression problems. The output uncertainty of a GPR model follows Gaussian distribution, expressed in terms of mean and variance. The mean represents the predicted output. The variance can be viewed as the measure of confidence in the predicted output that distinguishes the GPR from NN and SVM soft sensor models. We proposed a systematic approach based on GPR and principal component analysis (PCA) to establish a soft sensor to estimate biomass of Erythromycin fermentation process. Simulations on industrial data from an Erythromycin fermentation process show the proposed GPR soft sensor has high performance of modeling the uncertainty of estimates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

O' Kiely, P. "Evaluation of a lactobacillus inoculant as an additive for silage fed to heifers." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019164.

Full text

Abstract:

When grass with an adequate content of fermentable substrate and epiphytic lactic acid bacteria is ensiled properly, the fermentation which follows is normally considered satisfactory. This fermentation can be altered by various categories of additive such as acids, sugars and inoculants, each of which can influence the fermentation differently. The experiment reported compared the fermentation products, aerobic stability and animal performance for silages made using formic acid or a Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant with well preserved silage made without additive treatment.A 42 day regrowth of Lolium multiflorum (cv. Lemtal) was harvested without wilting using two precision - chop harvesters. Alternate loads of grass were ensiled with (a) no additive, (b) formic acid (850g/kg) at 3.0 1/t or (c)inoculant (Ecosyl - ICI plc) at 3 1/t (separate harvester). The inoculant was constituted immediately before use and was applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Harvesting was completed and the silos sealed within 26 hours of mowing. The silos were opened after 113 days.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Rooke, J. A., and N. W. Offer. "Effect of Feeding Juice Extracted from Ensiled Grass after Varying Times of Fermentation on the Voluntary Food intake of Chopped Hay by Sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600025575.

Full text

Abstract:

The voluntary intake of grass silage (VFI) is influenced by the presence of silage fermentation products. Ammonia-N concentration has been used in prediction equations for silage VFI as an indicator of the negative effects of fermentation products upon VFI but accounts for only a small proportion of the variance. The objective of this experiment was to improve understanding of the factors in silage that limit VFI by relating the time-course of the silage fermentation to the development of intake characteristics.Second cut perennial ryegrass was precision chop harvested without wilting. The grass was ensiled untreated (C) or treated (I) with 106Lactobacillus plantarum / g grass (Ecosyl, Zeneca Bio-Products) in 200 l containers (10 / treatment). Two containers / treatment were frozen immediately (0) or after 0.2, 1, 2 or 42 days fermentation to give 10 treatments. Juice was extracted using a cider press from silage immediately on thawing, bulked and then re frozen until required for feeding. For feeding, juice was thawed and maintained at 4° until fed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Wang, Zuoxun, Guijuan Wang, and Rongwei Guo. "Design for vegetable waste fermentation control systems based on semi-tensor product fuzzy controller." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 2018): 168781401879355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018793551.

Full text

Abstract:

A multivariable fuzzy controller was designed to solve the control problem of vegetable waste fermentation. The knowledge-based fuzzy reasoning was constructed according to the sample data from both the fermentation process and the rule of temperature change in the control process. It is represented using the mathematical method of semi-tensor product matrices. The structural matrix of the fuzzy logic was constructed and the complex fuzzy reasoning was converted into simple matrix operations. In addition, a new algorithm based on the least in-degree method is put forward, solving the problem of control rules being incomplete and inconsistent. It was used for the design of the fuzzy controller on vegetable waste fermentation. The result of experiment proved that this control method is effective; the control method improves the adjustment speed as well as the control precision.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zang, Hua Dong. "Configuration Software-Based Control System for Wine Production." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 2144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2144.

Full text

Abstract:

According to request of the control system in the wine fermentation process at a winery, the design plan of the control system based on Siemens PLC and King View is put forward. Lower processor was composed by series CPU module and ET200S module of Siemens S7-400 PLC in that control system; moreover, centralized management and real-time monitoring of collected data are carried out through the upper processor that adopts industrial computer and the software of King View. The practice shows that the control precision and the reliability of the control system of the wine fermentation process both have met the needs of the control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hidayah, Mujib, Edi Prihartono, and Budi Santoso. "Automatic Room Temperature Regulator for Making Tempe Based on Arduino with Fuzzy Logic Method." Inform : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/inform.v5i1.1053.

Full text

Abstract:

The main obstacles of the tempe producers in fermentation process are the uncertain temperature and weather factors, if in the cold temperatures of tempe producers tend to still use manual way to keep the temperature in tempe, that is by covering the surface using cloth, newspaper or other cover because for the fermentation process in tempe temperature required ranges between 30-35o C and humidity below 70%. With unstable temperature can certainly affect the duration of tempe fermentation process. For that required a tool that can stabilize the temperature of the room on tempe fermentation process. Automatic temperature control for the manufacture of tempe is using fuzzy logic method as a smart control system, Arduino Mega 2560 as a microcontroller, DHT11 sensor as the detector temperature and humidity of the room, YL-69 & YL-38 sensors to detect the tempe water content that has become tempe parameter already mature or not, and heater and fan as actuators to stabilize the room temperature. Automatic temperature regulator for tempe making with fuzzy logic method is able to stabilize room temperature in fermentation process tempe and success rate of this tool in category good enough because get value from precision equal to 65%, recall 100%, and accuracy equal to 65%

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Li, Chao, Dou Xu, Zhiyue Xiong, Yiming Yang, Guiwei Tian, Xuezhi Wu, Yonghong Wang, Yingping Zhuang, Ju Chu, and Xiwei Tian. "Optimization of the Fermentative Production of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase in Aspergillus oryzae by Controlling Morphology." Bioengineering 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9110610.

Full text

Abstract:

Morphology plays an important role in the fermentation bioprocess of filamentous fungi. In this study, we investigated the controlling strategies of morphology that improved the efficiency of Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) production using a high-yield Aspergillus oryzae. First, the inoculated spore concentrations were optimized in seed culture, and the RML activity increased by 43.4% with the well-controlled mycelium pellets in both ideal sizes and concentrations. Then, the initial nitrogen source and agitation strategies were optimized to regulate the morphology of Aspergillus oryzae in a 5 L bioreactor, and the established stable fermentation system increased the RML activity to 232.0 U/mL, combined with an increase in total RML activity from 98,080 U to 487,179 U. Furthermore, the optimized fermentation strategy was verified by a high-yield Aspergillus oryzae and achieved an additional improvement of RML activity, up to 320.0 U/mL. Moreover, this optimized fermentation bioprocess was successfully scaled up to a 50 L bioreactor, and the RML activity reached 550.0 U/mL. This work has established a stable precision fermentation bioprocess for RML production by A. oryzae in bioreactors, and the controlling strategy developed in this study could potentially be extended to an industrial scale for RML production with high efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Zhao, Qimiao, Guoshun Shan, Dan Xu, Hui Gao, Ji Shi, Chengguo Ju, Guimei Lin, Fan Zhang, and Tianzhu Jia. "Simultaneous Analysis of Twelve Bile Acids by UPLC-MS and Exploration of the Processing Mechanism of Bile Arisaema by Fermentation." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (September 9, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2980596.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q/TOF-MS) in the MS/MS mode and UPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS) using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were used to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of twelve bile acids in Bile Arisaema. The fragmentation pathway of twelve bile acids was proposed. The quantification method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (R2 > 0.99), repeatability (RSD < 4.12%), stability (RSD < 4.25%), precision (RSD < 4.06%), and recovery (95.36–102.15%). Content of twelve compounds in Bile Arisaema varied significantly depending on region. Chemometric methods, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal components analysis (PCA) were successfully used to optimize the fermentation time of the Bile Arisaema. The results suggested that the Bile Arisaema could complete fermentation in 15 days. The possible processing mechanism of Bile Arisaema promoted the transformation of conjugated bile acids into free bile acids in fermentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Sun, Yu-mei, Xiang Han, Dong-xiang Zhang, Qiao-yan Sun, Xiang-guang Chen, Min-pu Yao, Su-yi Huang, De-shou Ma, and Biao Zhou. "Study on online soft sensor method of total sugar content in chlorotetracycline fermentation tank." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0004.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn order to solve the problem that the total sugar content of the chlortetracycline fermentation tank can not be automatically detected online, a prediction method which combines the output recursive wavelet neural network and the Gauss process regression is proposed in this paper. A soft sensor model between the measurable parameters (inputs) and the total sugar content (output) of the chlortetracycline fermentation tank was established. The soft sensor model was trained by self updating algorithm. Based on field data, the accuracy and generalization ability of the soft sensor model were analyzed. It is shown that the prediction accuracy of the combined model proposed in this paper is better than that of other single models. The results demonstrate the superiority of the method, and MRE and RMSE are used to evaluate the performance of the soft sensor model. It shows that the prediction precision of the soft sensor model based on ORWNN-GPR combination is relatively high in the long period of fermentation, and is suitable for on-line prediction of the total sugar content of the chlortetracycline fermentation tank. The soft sensor method can effectively reduce the labor intensity of the analysts and saves the production cost for enterprise.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Huang, Li, Yu Kun Sun, Xiao Fu Ji, Yong Hong Huang, and Tian Yan Du. "Soft Sensor Modeling of Biological Fermentation Process Based on tPSO-FNN." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.482.

Full text

Abstract:

Biological fermentation process is a complex nonlinear dynamic coupling process. As it is very difficult to measure the key biological parameters on line, the process control is unavailable to industrial production in time. In this respect, however, soft sensing can solve the above problem. To overcome some drawbacks of PSO and FNN, such as falling into local minimum occasionally and slow convergence speed, the extremum disturbed particle swarm optimization (tPSO) algorithm is proposed and then combined with fuzzy neural network (FNN) to optimize the network parameters. Furthermore, the tPSO-FNN is applied in the soft sensor modeling of lysine biological fermentation. Experiment results show that the model proposed could measure the key parameters. And the soft sensor model based on tPSO-FNN has higher precision and better performance than the model based on FNN.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Martin, P. A., D. G. Chamberlain, and S. Robertson. "Effects of the chemical composition of silage and of supplementary concentrates on rumen fermentation in sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022674.

Full text

Abstract:

Extent of fermentation in the silo can, through effects on silage composition, have important consequences for milk yield and composition. However, a poor understanding of the relationships between the chemical composition and digestion characteristics of silage, and of the implications for nutrient supply, makes it difficult to predict performance and to formulate concentrates to complement silages of different types. The 2 experiments presented here were conducted to determine rumen fermentation patterns for a range of silages, representative of restricted or enhanced fermentation in the silo, when supplemented with concentrates containing a high proportion of either starch or digestible fibre.In each experiment 8 rumen-fistulated sheep were used to compare 8 silages, each given with 2 concentrates. Each experiment was conducted as four 4x4 Latin squares, with 2 silages given with each concentrate in a single square. Silages 1-12 were prepared from perennial ryegrass swards, harvested within 2-5h of cutting, precision-chopped to a length of approximately 20 mm, and ensiled in bunker silos of 60- or 300-tonne capacity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Gomes, Rodrigo da Costa, Paula Marques Meyer, Ari Luiz de Castro, Arlindo Saran Netto, and Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues. "Accuracy, precision and robustness of different methods to obtain samples from silages in fermentation studies." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 41, no. 6 (June 2012): 1369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982012000600008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Keady, T. W. J., and J. J. Murphy. "Effects of inoculant treatment on silage fermentation and digestibility and on rumen fermentation, dry matter intake and performance of lactating dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592655.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent studies have shown that the use of an effective bacterial inoculant as a silage additive results in improvements in animal performance of dairy and beef cattle. Treatment with an inoculant based on a single strain of L. plantarum has increased silage digestibility and altered the composition of rumen fluid in beef cattle (Keady and Steen, 1994 and 1995). Inoculant products vary in composition, containing different bacteria species and numbers, possibly with the addition of enzymes, clostridiaphages and rumen enhancers. The present study was designed to evaluate an inoculant containing mixed strains of bacteria, enzymes, bacteriophages and a rumen enhancer through lactating dairy cattle and to study its effects on diet digestibility and rumen fermentation patterns.Herbage was harvested from the primary regrowth of a predominantly perennial ryegrass sward, which had received 99 kg nitrogen (N) per ha after the previous harvest, after a fifty-one day regrowth interval. Herbage was mown down using a mower conditioner and picked up immediately, unwilled, using a precision chop harvester.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Keady, T. W. J., and J. J. Murphy. "Effects of inoculant treatment on silage fermentation and digestibility and on rumen fermentation, dry matter intake and performance of lactating dairy cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600030361.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent studies have shown that the use of an effective bacterial inoculant as a silage additive results in improvements in animal performance of dairy and beef cattle. Treatment with an inoculant based on a single strain of L. plantarum has increased silage digestibility and altered the composition of rumen fluid in beef cattle (Keady and Steen, 1994 and 1995). Inoculant products vary in composition, containing different bacteria species and numbers, possibly with the addition of enzymes, clostridiaphages and rumen enhancers. The present study was designed to evaluate an inoculant containing mixed strains of bacteria, enzymes, bacteriophages and a rumen enhancer through lactating dairy cattle and to study its effects on diet digestibility and rumen fermentation patterns.Herbage was harvested from the primary regrowth of a predominantly perennial ryegrass sward, which had received 99 kg nitrogen (N) per ha after the previous harvest, after a fifty-one day regrowth interval. Herbage was mown down using a mower conditioner and picked up immediately, unwilled, using a precision chop harvester.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Shi, Tiannv, Yongmei Guan, Lihua Chen, Shiyu Huang, Weifeng Zhu, and Chen Jin. "Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Technology to Total Nucleosides Quality Control in the Fermented Cordyceps Powder Production Process." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (November 28, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8850437.

Full text

Abstract:

Product quality control is a prerequisite for ensuring safety, effectiveness, and stability. However, because of the different strain species and fermentation processes, there was a significant difference in quality. As a result, they should be clearly distinguished in clinical use. Among them, the fermentation process is critical to achieving consistent product quality. This study aims to introduce near-infrared spectroscopy analysis technology into the production process of fermented Cordyceps powder, including strain culture, strain passage, strain fermentation, strain filtration, strain drying, strain pulverizing, and strain mixing. First, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the total nucleosides content in the production process of 30 batches of fermented Cordyceps powder, including uracil, uridine, adenine, guanosine, adenosine, and the process stability and interbatch consistency were analyzed with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fingerprinting, followed by the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with partial least squares regression (PLSR) to establish a quantitative analysis model of total nucleosides for online process monitoring of fermented Cordyceps powder preparation products. The model parameters indicate that the established model with good robustness and high measurement precision. It further clarifies that the model can be used for online process monitoring of fermented Cordyceps powder preparation products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Zhou, Fen Ping, Hong Tao Ma, Bing Dong Sui, and Jia Mo Sun. "Temperature Detecting System of Beer Fermentation Based on DS18B20." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.898.

Full text

Abstract:

This Paper introduces a temperature detection system in beer fermentation. A temperature monitoring system with characteristics of bus topology structure is composed of industrial computer, temperature detector, bus converter, transmission bus and especially 1-wire digital temperature sensor DS18B20. Four-core cable is used to form a tree-like or star-like network, in which 54 digital temperature sensors existing on 18 fermentation tanks can be connected. The quantity of junction wires between temperature sensor and computer will be reduced greatly. Temperature detector provides power supply for bus converter and DS18B20 through Four-core cable. Because bus converter has used hardware fault detecting technology, the fault temperature sensor can automatically detach from the main bus and will not affect normal working of other sensor in network. So to solve the problem of a certain sensor or branch's damage causing the paralysis of entire bus. The length of detecting temperature bus can reach more than 500 meters. These all make system maintenance and expansion easy. The experiments show that this system is characterized by high intelligence, high-precision, capability of making temperature test on multi-points and compensating function. The method has a good applicable value to the temperature test.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wang, Yanhan, Ming-Shan Kao, Jinghua Yu, Stephen Huang, Shinta Marito, Richard Gallo, and Chun-Ming Huang. "A Precision Microbiome Approach Using Sucrose for Selective Augmentation of Staphylococcus epidermidis Fermentation against Propionibacterium acnes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2016): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111870.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

White, Robin R. "346 Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Nutrient Retention in Cattle, Fields, and Farms." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.350.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Nutrient retention within livestock systems is a critical goal for enhancing efficiency of food production and promoting sustainable livestock farming. We define nutrient retention as the sequestering of C, N, and P within biotic elements of farming systems in sinks which have minimal loss to environmentally detrimental ends. Our objective is to summarize strategies to improve nutrient retention from ruminant animal production systems using nutritional management. Nutritional strategies for nutrient retention within animals and downstream food products include dilution of maintenance; precision feeding; and nutrient synchrony. Dilution of maintenance is a phenomenon where more efficient animals partition proportionally less of their consumed nutrients to maintenance processes, allowing proportionally greater quantities to be used for productive processes. Precision feeding encompasses numerous strategies, including amino acid feeding; precision carbohydrate feeding; individualized ration formulation; and precise feed delivery; among others. These strategies all precisely match nutrients supplied within a diet to nutrients required by an animal, thereby reducing nutrient overfeeding and waste. Nutrient synchrony is a feeding strategy promoting theoretically optimal microbial growth by ensuring appropriately matched supplies of carbohydrate and N substrates to facilitate fermentation. Improved microbial fermentation also serves to reduce nutrient loss to the environment through enhanced feed digestion efficiency. Evaluating animal feeding strategies and nutrient retention requires considering nutrient sinks beyond the animal and its productive outputs. Such sinks include soil and plant nutrient stores within the ecosystem. For pastured animals in particular, grazing strategies for enhanced forage production and soil C sequestration have been broadly reviewed. Sequestration of N and P within soils and plants have been less broadly reviewed but merit further discussion in the context of attempting to design management to create non-volatile sinks for multiple nutrients simultaneously. Whole-farm strategies for enhanced nutrient sequestration should be evaluated in a multi-nutrient environment to evaluate sustainability outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Fakhri, S., A. R. Moss, D. I. Givens, and E. Owen. "Fermentable energy of concentrate foods estimated using four techniques." BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00032791.

Full text

Abstract:

Fermentable energy (FE) was defined in the latest United Kingdom metabolizable protein system as energy available for microbial protein growth and multiplication in the rumen (Agricultural and Food Research Council, 1992). In this system the FE value was calculated by subtracting the metabolizable energy (ME) of fat and ME of any fermentation products from the ME of the food. This estimation is indirect and largely based on whole tract digestion data, thus it can not take into account the influence of rumen outflow, fermentation and degradation rate and digesta retention time in the rumen. In addition, this approach does not take into account undegradable protein and /or starch. As a result, the precision of the FE values are questionable. Therefore a precise, accurate, rapid, cheap and direct technique to measure FE from food ingredients should be developed. Such a technique should consider the factors mentioned above. This work evaluated the ability of four techniques to estimate the FE value of concentrate foods for ruminants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Efthymiou, Vasileios, Maria Koutraki, and Grigoris Antoniou. "Real-Time Activity Recognition and Assistance in Smart Classrooms." ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/adcaij201211922.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we propose Bees Algorithm (BA) to enhance the performance in estimating the parameters for metabolic pathway data to simulate fermentation pathway for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the parameter estimation of biological processes has always been a challenging task due to the complexity and nonlinear equations. Therefore, we present this algorithm as a new approach for parameter estimation for biological interactions to obtain more accurate parameter values. The result shows that BA outperforms other estimation algorithms as it produces the most accurate kinetic parameters, which contributes to the precision of simulated kinetic model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tan, Qiang, Cuimei Bo, Jun Li, Yiqing Wang, Xiaorong Wang, and Shubo Jiang. "Glucose Analyzer Based on Self-made Biosensor for High-performance Glucose Detection." MATEC Web of Conferences 327 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032701003.

Full text

Abstract:

The concentration analyzer with high precision and wide range is the core device for monitoring the fermentation process. In this work, we designed and proposed a lowcost three-electrode glucose analyzer based on a self-made screen-printed enzyme biosensor chip, which has a Prussian blue (PB) nanocubic structure and leads to high sensitivity of 117.31 μAmM-1cm-2. The hardware design of the glucose analyzer can be divided into five critical parts, including digital, signal treatment system, power supply, motor-driven and the host computer. The signal treatment system is used to collect, convert and amplify the weak current signal generated by the biosensor. The digital circuit of the central processing unit of the analyzer is designed using the STM32F407ZET6. Besides, an external analog-to-digital converter is used to achieve high precision A/D conversion. The stability of the potentiostat is ensured by designing the precision power supply, hardware filtering, and algorithm filtering. The experimental results show that the glucose analyzer has a wide linear detection range from 1g/L to 120g/L and the coefficient of variation at 1g/L is 0.038, which exhibits excellent performance in stability and detection accuracy. The analyzer can be applied in the future for in-situ measurement of glucose concentration for its wide-range and high-precision detection capabilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Negara, Maulana Kussuma, Rahadi Wirawan, and Nurul Qomariyah. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING GAS ALKOHOL PADA FERMENTASI KETAN BERBASIS SENSOR TGS 2620." ORBITA: Jurnal Kajian, Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika 6, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v6i2.3166.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem monitoring gas alkohol pada proses fermentasi ketan berbasis sensor TGS 2620. Sistem monitoring terdiri dari sensor TGS 2620, modul Arduino Uno, modul Data Logger dan wadah fermentasi. Pengujian sistem menggunakan variasi ragi 0,5%, 1,0%, dan 1,5 % pada 100 gram ketan dengan waktu monitoring selama tiga hari. Sistem monitoring memiliki karakteristik akurasi pengukuran 98,33%, tingkat presisi 99,79%, warmup selama 3,75 menit, dan response time 10,83 menit. Hasil monitoring konsentrasi alkohol menunjukkan bahwa kadar alkohol semakin meningkat seiring meningkatnya kadar ragi dan waktu inkubasi. Kadar alkohol terukur antara 0,73% sampai 1,63%.Kata kunci:sensor TGS 2620; fermentasi; monitoring.ABSTRACTThis study aims to design a monitoring system for alcohol gas in the glutinous rice fermentation process based on the TGS 2620 sensor. The monitoring system consists of the TGS 2620 sensor, the Arduino Uno module, the Data Logger module, and the fermentation container. Testing the system using yeast variations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% on 100 grams of glutinous rice with three days of monitoring time. The monitoring system has the characteristics of a 98.33% accuracy level, a precision level of 99.79%, heating 3.75 minutes, and response time of 10.83 minutes. The results of monitoring the alcohol concentration showed that the alcohol content increased with the increasing yeast level and incubation time.. A measured alcohol content is about 0.73% to 1.63%. Keywords: sensor TGS 2620; fermentation; monitoring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Rooke, J. A., and F. Kafilzadeh. "The voluntary intake and digestibility by sheep of grass silages treated with different silage inoculants." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020328.

Full text

Abstract:

The selection of lactic acid bacteria for use as silage additives is normally based upon their ability to dominate the silage fermentation and not upon benefits in animal performance. The object of this study was to investigate whether two lactic acid bacteria selected for fermentation characteristics would support the same animal performance as an established silage inoculant.On 5 June 1989, first cut, predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was ensiled direct with no wilting in plastolene silos of 2 tonne capacity. The herbage was harvested with a precision chop forage harvester and the following additive treatments were applied: None, control (C); Formic acid (Add-F, BP Nutrition, 850g/kg; 3 litres/tonne), (F); inoculant E. (Ecosyl, ICI Pic, 106Lactobacillus plantarum /g): inoculant A, (Pediococcus sp, 10 /g); inoculant B (L. plantarum 106 /g). The silages were fed to 6 wether sheep (Suffolk x Halfbred), initial live-weight, 40.1 kg (s.d. 2.22kg). Because the silages were unstable aerobically and restricted quantities of each silage were available, all sheep were fed the silages in the same (random) order.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Apolant, S. M., and D. M. B. Chestnutt. "The effect of mechanical treatment of silage on intake and production of sheep." Animal Science 40, no. 2 (April 1985): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100025393.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTOver a period of 3 years, silages subjected to various mechanical treatments by the use of conventional silage harvesters were offered ad libitum to pregnant ewes and to castrated male lambs and the effects on intake and productivity were measured. The intake of silage made from grass harvested with a precision-chop harvester was substantially greater than the intake of silage made with other types of harvester (especially, a flail harvester), causing a lower degree of comminution.Mean daily silage dry-matter intake of ewes was 0·99 kg and 1·28 kg in mid-pregnancy, and 0·85 kg and 1·10 kg in late pregnancy with flail-harvested and precision-chop silages respectively. Silage was supplemented with various levels of concentrate in late pregnancy and an increasing level of concentrates did not reduce silage intake. In early lactation, when 800 g concentrate was given daily, ewes consumed 1·00 kg flail-harvested silage and 1·39 kg precision-chop silage. Compared with flail-harvested silage, precision-chop silage increased ewe body weight immediately post lambing by 5·1 kg, lamb birth weight by 0·27 kg and lamb growth rate by 58 g/day. Increases in intake of precision-chop silages by hoggets were on average greater, though more variable, than by ewes and were reflected in increased carcass weight.The reason for the increased intake of the finely-chopped silage was examined. It would appear that the major factor is the physical size of particle involved though there was some evidence that improved fermentation resulting from finer chopping may have been partly responsible for increased intake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wangkarn, Sunanta, Kate Grudpan, Chartchai Khanongnuch, Thanawat Pattananandecha, Sutasinee Apichai, and Chalermpong Saenjum. "Development of HPLC Method for Catechins and Related Compounds Determination and Standardization in Miang (Traditional Lanna Fermented Tea Leaf in Northern Thailand)." Molecules 26, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 6052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196052.

Full text

Abstract:

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for catechins and related compounds in Miang (traditional Lanna fermented tea leaf) was developed to overcome the matrices during the fermentation process. We investigated a variety of columns and elution conditions to determine seven catechins, namely (+)-catechin, (−)-gallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, (−)-gallocatechin gallate, (−)-epicatechin gallate, as well as gallic acid and caffeine, resulting in the development of reproducible systems for analyses that overcome sample matrices. Among the three reversed-phase columns, column C (deactivated, with extra dense bonding, double endcapped monomeric C18, high-purity silica at 3.0 mm × 250 mm and a 5 µm particle size) significantly improved the separation between Miang catechins in the presence of acid in the mobile phase within a shorter analysis time. The validation method showed effective linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantitation. The validated system was adequate for the qualitative and quantitative measurement of seven active catechins, including gallic acid and caffeine in Miang, during the fermentation process and standardization of Miang extracts. The latter contain catechins and related compounds that are further developed into natural active pharmaceutical ingredients (natural APIs) for cosmeceutical and nutraceutical products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Lin, Chunjian, K. K. Bolsen, B. E. Brent, D. Y. C. Fung, and W. R. Aimutis. "Epiphytic lactic acid bacteria succession during the pre-ensiling and ensiling periods of alfalfa and maize." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022650.

Full text

Abstract:

Epiphytic LAB, e.g., lactobacilli, lactococci, enterococci, pediococci, streptococci, and leuconostocs, play a major role in silage fermentation. Their numbers and populations have become a concern in predicting the adequacy of silage fermentation and in determining whether or not to apply a bacterial inoculant (Bolsen et al, 1989). Epiphytic LAB counts are usually low and variable on silage crops (Lin et al, 1991), and increases in the LAB counts usually occur coincident to the chopping process. Only limited information is available concerning the succession of epiphytic LAB species during the ensiling period of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) and maize (Zea mays L.), the two major silage crops in North America. The present studies investigated the epiphytic LAB succession during the pre-ensiling and ensiling periods for two cuttings of alfalfa, each harvested at three stages of maturity, and three whole-plant maize hybrids.A second-year stand of alfalfa was harvested at the 2nd and 4th cuttings and at the late-bud, 10% bloom, and 50% bloom stages of maturity within each cutting in 1989. Following mowing, the alfalfa was wilted in the windrow for 5 to 6 hours prior to precision chopping.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Dini, Irene, Ritamaria Di Lorenzo, Antonello Senatore, Daniele Coppola, and Sonia Laneri. "Validation of Rapid Enzymatic Quantification of Acetic Acid in Vinegar on Automated Spectrophotometric System." Foods 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060761.

Full text

Abstract:

Vinegar is produced from the fermentation of agricultural materials and diluted acetic acid (diluted with water to 4–30% by volume) via sequential ethanol and acetic acid fermentation. The concentration of acetic acid must be measured during vinegar production. A Community method for analyzing acetic acid in vinegar is a non-specific method based on the assumption that the total acid concentration of the vinegar is attributable to the acetic acid. It consists of titration with a strong base in the presence of an indicator. This test is laborious and has a time-consuming character. In this work, a highly specific automated enzymatic method was validated, for the first time, to quantify the acetic acid in the wine vinegar, in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, and uncertainty measurement. The results were compared to the Community method of analysis. Regression coefficient ≅ 1 and the normal distribution of residuals in the ANOVA test confirmed the method’s linearity. LLOD (0.946 ppm) and LLOQ (2.00 ppm) defined the method’s sensitivity. The results of the tested and the Community methods, linearly distributed in the Shapiro–Wilk test, confirmed the method’s repeatability. The few anomalous data in the Huber test were due to random errors. The high selectivity of the enzymatic method, which exclusively measures acetic acid concentration, determined the significant differences between the two tests, examined in the accuracy determination. The enzymatic method can be considered applicable since its precision and uncertainty were lower than the Community method values (relative percentage deviations = 10%). The enzymatic method compared to the Community method reduces the analysis time and the risk of errors due to operators (avoid pipetting errors and wrong calculations), minimizes solvent and the sample consumption and guarantees assay quality through method standardization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Anele, U. Y., B. Refat, M. L. Swift, Z. X. He, Y. L. Zhao, T. A. McAllister, and W. Z. Yang. "Effects of bulk density, precision processing and processing index on in vitro ruminal fermentation of dry-rolled barley grain." Animal Feed Science and Technology 195 (September 2014): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sagu, Sorel Tchewonpi, Harshadrai M. Rawel, and Sascha Rohn. "Targeted Bottom–Up Mass Spectrometry Approach for the Relative Quantification of Post-Translational Modification of Bovine κ-Casein during Milk Fermentation." Molecules 27, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 5834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185834.

Full text

Abstract:

κ-casein (κ-CN) is one of the key components in bovine milk, playing a unique role in the structuration of casein micelles. It contains in its chemical structure up to sixteen amino acid residues (mainly serine and threonine) susceptible to modifications, including glycosylation and phosphorylation, which may further be formed during milk processing. In this study, changes in post-translational modification (PTM) of κ-CN during bovine milk fermentation were investigated. One-to-five-day fermented milk samples were produced. A traditional bottom–up proteomics approach was used to establish a multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method for relative quantification of κ-CN PTM. Endoproteinase Glu-C was found to efficiently digest the κ-CN molecule. The developed LC-MS method was validated by performing assessments of linearity, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Among the yielded peptides, four of them containing serine and threonine residues were identified and the unmodified as well as the modified variants of each of them were relatively quantified. These peptides were (1) IPTINTIASGEPTSTTE [140, 158], (2) STVATLE [162, 168], (3) DSPE [169, 172], and (4) INTVQVTSTAV [180, 190]. Distribution analysis between unmodified and modified peptides revealed that over 50% of κ-CN was found in one of its modified forms in milk. The fermentation process further significantly altered the composition between unmodified/modified κ-CN, with glycoslaytion being predominant compared to phosphorylation (p < 0.01). Further method development towards α and β-CN fractions and their PTM behavior would be an asset to better understand the changes undergone by milk proteins and the micellar structure during fermentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Jin, Liang Jie, Cheng Hong Liang, Yong Zhang, and Zhi Yong Li. "HPLC Method for Bacillamide C Analysis in the Metabolites of a Bacillus atrophaeus Strain." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1001.

Full text

Abstract:

A new HPLC method for the analysis of bacillamide C, with DAD detector at 220nm, has been developed, validated and used in the EtOAC extracts of the fermentation broth of a Bacillus atrophaeus strain, associated with the South China Sea sponge Dysidea avara. Bacillamide C was well quantified on a reversed phase ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column by use of a gradient mobile phase from 20% (v/v) acetonitrile to 45% (v/v) acetonitrile in 15 min at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The linearity ranges were 1.00-1000.00μg/mL with values of LOD (limit of detection) equal to 0.15μg/mL. The HPLC method was proved simple, feasible and reliable by a series of method validation experiments about linearity, accuracy, precision and stability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Pomar, Candido, and Aline Remus. "242 The Impact of Feed Formulation and Feeding Methods on Pig and Poultry Production on the Environment." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.237.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Dietary energy and nutrient losses associated with its conversion into animal products increase production costs and contribute to the environmental footprint of farms with the excessive application of nitrogen, phosphorus, or trace minerals from manure or carbon and methane losses. Formulating diets with the appropriate levels of minerals and amino acids can help improve dietary protein and energy efficiency and reduce nutrient losses. For example, an 8% reduction in dietary crude protein in pig feeds is estimated to increase nitrogen efficiency by more than 50%, while costing 11% less than a control diet without industrial amino acids. This reduction in protein intake also increases energy availability due to reduced energy losses associated with protein deamination. Urinary and intestinal fermentation energy losses can be 24% lower for pigs fed low-protein diets compared to control diets. Nonetheless, determining the optimal level of dietary amino acid remains a difficult challenge in conventional phase feeding systems. Therefore, group or individual precision feeding is another powerful tool to increase nutrient efficiency. By feeding individual growing-finishing pigs with diets tailored to their requirements, precision feeding can decrease nitrogen excretion by 30% and greenhouse gas emissions by 22% compared to conventional 3-phase feeding. The benefits of feeding pigs with low-protein diets and precision feeding techniques are additive and might result in a 61% protein efficiency of utilization. The formulation of very-low-protein diets and the implementation of precision feeding techniques rely on sound nutritional concepts and comprehensive biological models developed to precisely estimate individual real-time nutrient requirements and animal responses. Understanding the metabolic processes responsible for the observed variation between individual animals in their ability to utilize dietary nutrients is challenging, but there is a need to further improve nutrient efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of livestock production systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Bolsen, K. K., B. E. Brent, and Chunjian Lin. "Effect of silage additives on the microbial succession and fermentation process of alfalfa and whole-plant maize silages." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022662.

Full text

Abstract:

Alfalfa is recognized as more difficult to ensile than maize. Typically, multiple alfalfa cuttings are harvested at various stages of maturity, and numerous maize hybrids that vary in their nutritive value are used for silage production in North America. The objective of these studies was to determine the effects of commercial bacterial inoculant and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) additions on the microbial succession and silage fermentation process of two cuttings of alfalfa and three whole-plant maize hybrids.In 1989, second and fourth cuttings of alfalfa were mowed and swathed at the late-bud, 10% bloom, and 50% bloom stages of maturity within each cutting and wilted in the windrow for 5 to 6 hours prior to precision chopping. Three maize hybrids (Pioneer 3377, 3379, and 3389) were grown under irrigation in 1989 and harvested at the two-third milk line of kernel maturity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Dubey, S., and S. S. Shukla. "A VALIDATED METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ESTIMATION OF SIMVASTATIN BY FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 11 (November 28, 2014): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.11.10145.

Full text

Abstract:

Simvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug used with exercise, diet, and weight-loss to control elevated cholesterol, or hypercholesterolemia. It is a member of the statin class of pharmaceuticals. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. The drug is marketed generically following the patent expiration, and under the trade name Zocor. The aim of this study is to develop a simple, accurate, precise and economical procedure for estimation of Simvastatin by first order derivative spectroscopy. The method is based upon determination of D1 value of the drug at, in Methanol. Different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, range, system precision, robustness, sensitivity and accuracy were determined according to the ICH guidelines. Simvastatin at its λ max shows linearity in the concentration range 10-60μg/mL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Pulungan, Indah Noviyanti Ruhmana, Sugijanto Kartosentono, and Amirudin Prawita. "VALIDATION GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-FID METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ETHANOL CONTENT IN VINEGAR." Journal of Halal Product and Research 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.1-issue.2.22-31.

Full text

Abstract:

Production process of vinegar could be synthesized by chemical or microbiological. In Islam, vinegar must not be consumed if contains ethanol ≥ 1%, because it is categorized into khamr. The maximum concentration of vinegar fermentation is 1,0 %. This research was to analyze the alcohol compund that consist in vinegar. The validation method that used in this study are: selectivity, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, LOD and LOQ. The analysis instrument was gas chromatography Agilent 6890 Series GC System, with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) and a column HP-5 (5% Phenyl 95% Methyl Siloxane), and optimal conditions were obtained by using temperature of inlet and detector of 250°C whilst the temperature of oven programed initially at 40°C, hold for 5 minutes, and raised to 5°C/min to 200°C. were used in this study. For split ratio was achieved at 50:1 and the injection volume was 1.0µl. The methods were proven selective and demonstrated linearity, precision and accuracy with r = 0.9995; 5,63% and 101,25%, respectively. On the other hand, the methods were proven that the sample contains alcohol. Finally, the result of quantitative ethanol contents analysis in vinegar from Saudi Arabia is 2,28.10-2 % v/v; and vinegar brand “x” from market in Surabaya is 1,17.10-2 v/v.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Johnson, P. N., H. F. Grundy, and A. P. Stanway. "The effect of an inoculant additive on the fermentation characteristics of grass silage and bovine performance." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597968.

Full text

Abstract:

The efficacy of inoculant silage additives has often been questioned under difficult ensiling conditions. This study was conducted under testing conditions to test the efficacy of an inoculant additive (SA55) on silage fermentation and animal performance.A perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) based sward was mown and conditioned on 29 October 1996 and was picked up on 30 and 31 October. Two similar precision-chop forage harvesters were used, one picked up grass without applying additive (Control), whilst the second applied the inoculant additive (SA55). SA55 (Microferm Ltd) was applied at a target rate of 2 1/t to give 5 x 105 organisms (Lactobacillus plantarum, Paediococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis lactis and clostridial bacteriophages) per gramme of grass. The harvesters picked up adjacent swaths and dedicated trailers serviced each harvester. Frequent checks were made on the application rate of the additive. Two similar, roofed bunker silos were loaded with grass, using loaders dedicated to each silo. Loads of grass were tipped in their respective silos to avoid Cross contamination during the filling operation. Care was taken to ensure equal consolidation of both clamps. After consolidation, clamps were sealed with polythene sheeting and weighted down with tyres. Each load of grass was weighed and sampled.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Holm, K. A., D. M. Nielsen, and J. Eriksen. "Automated colorimetric determination of recombinant fungal laccase activity in fermentation sarples using syringaldazine as chromogenic substrate." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 20, no. 6 (1998): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924698000261.

Full text

Abstract:

An automated Cobas Fara method was developed determining the activity of recombinant M. thermophila laccase (rMtL). The chromogenic substrate used was syringaldazine. Under aerobic conditions, rMtL catalyses the oxidation of syringaldazine forming tetrametoxy-azo bis methylene quinone. The developed violet colour was measured kinetically at 530 nm as an expression of the enzyme activity, rMtL is a very sensitive oxidoreductase, therefore many factors had to be carefully controlled in order to get a robust analytical assay. In order to stabilize rMtL, PEG 6000 was added to the enzyme dilution medium. Furthermore, Triton X-I00 was included in the enzyme incubation solution.The analytical as well as technical conditions have been optimized, resulting in a method with good precision, sensitivity and speed of analysis. The Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, was determined to be 22μM syringaldazine. LOQ was determined to be 0.010 Uml-1, LOD to be 0.0002 Uml-1The analytical range of the enzyme dilution curve was from 0.01 to 0.044 Uml-1The repeatability was 1.9%, the reproducibility 3.1%. Testing the robustness of the method showed that the most sensible factors in the rMtL analysis in decreasing range were: incubation temperature, concentration of Triton X-I00, molarity and pH of the incubation buffer, and finally the concentration of syringaldazine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Johnson, P. N., H. F. Grundy, and A. P. Stanway. "The effect of an inoculant additive on the fermentation characteristics of grass silage and bovine performance." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033572.

Full text

Abstract:

The efficacy of inoculant silage additives has often been questioned under difficult ensiling conditions. This study was conducted under testing conditions to test the efficacy of an inoculant additive (SA55) on silage fermentation and animal performance.A perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) based sward was mown and conditioned on 29 October 1996 and was picked up on 30 and 31 October. Two similar precision-chop forage harvesters were used, one picked up grass without applying additive (Control), whilst the second applied the inoculant additive (SA55). SA55 (Microferm Ltd) was applied at a target rate of 2 1/t to give 5 x 105 organisms (Lactobacillus plantarum, Paediococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis lactis and clostridial bacteriophages) per gramme of grass. The harvesters picked up adjacent swaths and dedicated trailers serviced each harvester. Frequent checks were made on the application rate of the additive. Two similar, roofed bunker silos were loaded with grass, using loaders dedicated to each silo. Loads of grass were tipped in their respective silos to avoid Cross contamination during the filling operation. Care was taken to ensure equal consolidation of both clamps. After consolidation, clamps were sealed with polythene sheeting and weighted down with tyres. Each load of grass was weighed and sampled.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Precision fermentation'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles