Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Précision de prédiction'
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Allart, Emilie. "Abstractions de différences exactes de réseaux de réactions : améliorer la précision de prédiction de changements de systèmes biologiques." Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUI013.
Full textChange predictions for reaction networks with partial kinetic information can be obtained by qualitative reasoning with abstract interpretation. A typical change prediction problem in systems biology is which gene knockouts may, or must, increase the outflow of a target species at a steady state. Answering such questions for reaction networks requires reasoning about abstract differences such as "increases'' and "decreases''. A task fundamental for change predictions was introduced by Niehren, Versari, John, Coutte, et Jacques (2016). It is the problem to compute for a given system of linear equations with nonlinear difference constraints, the difference abstraction of the set of its positive solutions. Previous approaches provided overapproximation algorithms for this task based on various heuristics, for instance by rewriting the linear equations. In this thesis, we present the first algorithms that can solve this task exactly for the two difference abstractions used in the literature so far. As a first contribution, we show how to characterize for a linear equation system the boolean abstraction of its set of positive solutions. This abstraction maps any strictly positive real numbers to 1 and 0 to 0. The characterization is given by the set of boolean solutions for another equation system, that we compute based on elementary modes. The boolean solutions of the characterizing equation system can then be computed based on finite domain constraint programming in practice. We believe that this result is relevant for the analysis of functional programs with linear arithmetics. As a second contribution, we present two algorithms that compute for a given system of linear equations and nonlinear difference constraints, the exact difference abstraction into Delta_3 and Delta_6 respectively. These algorithms rely on the characterization of boolean abstractions for linear equation systems from the first contribution. The bridge between these abstractions is defined in first-order logic. In this way, the difference abstraction can be computed by finite set constraint programming too. We implemented our exact algorithms and applied them to predicting gene knockouts that may lead to leucine overproduction in B.~Subtilis, as needed for surfactin overproduction in biotechnology. Computing the precise predictions with the exact algorithm may take several hours though. Therefore, we also present a new heuristics for computing difference abstraction based on elementary modes, that provides a good compromise between precision and time efficiency
Poudroux, Cécile. "Étude de l'incidence des paramètres primaires des lignes couplées sur la précision de prédiction de l'amplitude des parasites induits sur des torons multifilaires." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10098.
Full textNguyen, Cam Linh. "Prédiction de la réponse aux traitements in vivo de tumeurs basées sur le profil moléculaire des tumeurs par apprentissage automatique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0208.
Full textIn recent years, targeted drugs for the treatment of cancer have been introduced. However, a drug that works in one patient may not work in another patient. To avoid the administration of ineffective treatments, methods that predict which patients will respond to a particular drug must be developed.Unfortunately, it is not currently possible to predict the effectiveness of most anticancer drugs. Machine learning (ML) is a particularly promising approach for personalized medicine. ML is a form of artificial intelligence; it concerns the development and application of computer algorithms that improve with experience. In this case, ML algorithm will learn to distinguish between sensitive and non-sensitive tumours based on multiple genes instead of a single gene. Our study focuses on applying different approaches of ML to predict drug response of tumours to anticancer drugs and generate models which have good accuracy, as well as are biologically relevant and easy to be explained
Vernerey, Dewi. "Méthodologie statistique pour la prédiction du risque et la construction de score pronostique en transplantation rénale et en oncologie : une pierre angulaire de la médecine de précision." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA3004/document.
Full textPrognosis is historically a basic concept of medicine. Hippocrates already considered the prognosis of disease as the study of the past circumstances, the establishment of the present state of health and finally the prediction of future events. He presented the prognosis as the ability to interpret these elements and to adapt the prognosis regarding their relative values. Currently, the prognostic research is still based on the examination of the relationship between a well-established health condition at the time of the investigation and the occurrence of an event. The increase in life expectancy implies that more and more people are living with one or more diseases or with problems that can impair their health status. In this context, the study of the prognosis has never been more important. However, in comparison with the field of randomized clinical trials in which the CONSORT statement recommendations are implemented for more than 20 years in order to guarantee quality research, the prognostic research only begins to develop similar initiatives. Indeed, in 2015 the TRIPOD statement recommendations were provided and in 2013 a working group called PROGRESS was constituted in the United Kingdom and its members made the observation that prognostic researches are developed with considerable heterogeneity in the methodology used and unfortunately do not always meet the quality standards required to support their conclusions and their reproducibility (...)
Joncas, Robert. "Précision dans la sélection des joueurs de hockey du junior majeur québecois de 1989-90-91 à partir d'une équation de prédiction du succès au niveau bantam." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7915.
Full textBourgeais, Victoria. "Interprétation de l'apprentissage profond pour la prédiction de phénotypes à partir de données d'expression de gènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG069.
Full textDeep learning has been a significant advance in artificial intelligence in recent years. Its main domains of interest are image analysis and natural language processing. One of the major future challenges of this approach is its application to precision medicine. This new form of medicine will make it possible to personalize each stage of a patient's care pathway according to his or her characteristics, in particular molecular characteristics such as gene expression data that inform about the cellular state of a patient. However, deep learning models are considered black boxes as their predictions are not accompanied by an explanation, limiting their use in clinics. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), adopted recently by the European Union, imposes that the machine learning algorithms must be able to explain their decisions to the users. Thus, there is a real need to make neural networks more interpretable, and this is particularly true in the medical field for several reasons. Understanding why a phenotype has been predicted is necessary to ensure that the prediction is based on reliable representations of the patients rather than on irrelevant artifacts present in the training data. Regardless of the model's effectiveness, this will affect any end user's decisions and confidence in the model. Finally, a neural network performing well for the prediction of a certain phenotype may have identified a signature in the data that could open up new research avenues.In the current state of the art, two general approaches exist for interpreting these black-boxes: creating inherently interpretable models or using a third-party method dedicated to the interpretation of the trained neural network. Whatever approach is chosen, the explanation provided generally consists of identifying the important input variables and neurons for the prediction. However, in the context of phenotype prediction from gene expression, these approaches generally do not provide an understandable explanation, as these data are not directly comprehensible by humans. Therefore, we propose novel and original deep learning methods, interpretable by design. The architecture of these methods is defined from one or several knowledge databases. A neuron represents a biological object, and the connections between neurons correspond to the relations between biological objects. Three methods have been developed, listed below in chronological order.Deep GONet is based on a multilayer perceptron constrained by a biological knowledge database, the Gene Ontology (GO), through an adapted regularization term. The explanations of the predictions are provided by a posteriori interpretation method.GraphGONet takes advantage of both a multilayer perceptron and a graph neural network to deal with the semantic richness of GO knowledge. This model has the capacity to generate explanations automatically.BioHAN is only established on a graph neural network and can easily integrate different knowledge databases and their semantics. Interpretation is facilitated by the use of an attention mechanism, enabling the model to focus on the most informative neurons.These methods have been evaluated on diagnostic tasks using real gene expression datasets and have shown competitiveness with state-of-the-art machine learning methods. Our models provide intelligible explanations composed of the most contributive neurons and their associated biological concepts. This feature allows experts to use our tools in a medical setting
Ajana, Soufiane. "Prédiction du risque de DMLA : identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs et modélisation du risque." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0205.
Full textAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. AMD is a complex and multifactorial disease with major consequences on the quality of life. Numerous genetic and non-genetic risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the advanced stages of AMD. Existing prediction models rely on a restricted set of risk factors and are still not widely used in the clinical routine.The first objective of this work was to identify new circulating biomarkers of AMD’s risk using a lipidomics approach. Based on a post-mortem study, we identified the most predictive circulating lipids of retinal content in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs). We combined penalization and dimension reduction to establish a prediction model based on plasma concentration of 7 cholesteryl ester species. We further validated this model on case-control and interventional studies. These biomarkers could help identify individuals at high risk of AMD who could be supplemented with w-3 PUFAs.The second objective of this thesis was to develop a prediction model for advanced AMD. This model incorporated a wide set of phenotypic, genotypic and lifestyle risk factors. An originality of our work was to use a penalized regression method – a machine learning algorithm – in a survival framework to handle multicollinearities among the risk factors. We also accounted for interval censoring and the competing risk of death by using an illness-death model. Our model was then validated on an independent population-based cohort.It would be interesting to integrate the circulating biomarkers identified in the lipidomics study to our prediction model and to further validate it on other external cohorts. This prediction model can be used for patient selection in clinical trials to increase their efficiency and paves the way towards making precision medicine for AMD patients a reality in the near future
Sene, Mbery. "Développement d’outils pronostiques dynamiques dans le cancer de la prostate localisé traité par radiothérapie." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22115/document.
Full textThe prediction of a clinical event with prognostic tools is a central issue in oncology. The emergence of biomarkers measured over time can provide tools incorporating repeated data of these biomarkers to better guide the clinician in the management of patients. The objective of this work is to develop and validate dynamic prognostic tools of recurrence of prostate cancer in patients initially treated by external beam radiation therapy, taking into account the repeated data of PSA, the Prostate-Specific Antigen, in addition to standard prognostic factors. These tools are dynamic because they can be updated at each available new measurement of the biomarker. They are built from joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data. The principle of joint modelling is to describe the evolution of the biomarker through a linear mixed model, describe the risk of event through a survival model and link these two processes through a latent structure. Two approaches exist, shared random-effect models and joint latent class models. In a first study, we first compared in terms of goodness-of-fit and predictive accuracy shared random-effect models differing in the form of dependency between the PSA and the risk of clinical recurrence. Then we have evaluated and compared these two approaches of joint modelling. In a second study, we proposed a differential dynamic prognostic tool to evaluate the risk of clinical recurrence according to the initiation or not of a second treatment (an hormonal treatment) during the follow-up. In these works, validation of the prognostic tool was based on two measures of predictive accuracy: the Brier score and the prognostic cross-entropy. In a third study, we have described the PSA dynamics after a second treatment (hormonal) in patients initially treated by a radiation therapy alone
Wicki, Marine. "Etude de plans de connexion entre populations génétiquement proches visant à accroître l'intérêt de la sélection génomique en petits ruminants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04866958.
Full textNumerous studies have shown that the accuracy of genomic predictions, and thus the efficiency of breeding programs, depend on the size and design of the reference population considered. This reference population is the set of animals for which genomic and phenotypic information is available. The larger the reference population, the better the quality of genomic predictions for the candidates to selection. Similarly, the greater the relatedness between the reference population and the candidates, the better the genomic predictions of selection candidates. In cases where the size of the reference population is limiting, as can be observed in sheep for example, it can be interesting to combine genomic evaluations from several populations. Studies have shown that this combination is beneficial when it involves genetically close populations. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the implementation of multi-racial or multi-population breeding programs, with the aim of increasing the efficiency of genomic selection for genetically close breeds and populations, particularly in small ruminants.To achieve this, we first used real data to study the pedigree and genomic structure of the Lacaune breed. This study confirmed the subdivision of the breed into two subpopulations of equivalent size, and the absence of genetic connections between them. The study did, however, show that the two sub-populations are still genetically close to each other. On the same dataset, we compared the quality of genomic predictions between the individual evaluations of each subpopulation and the combined evaluation of both populations. We showed that combining the evaluation was still beneficial, but the gains in accuracy were small. We also looked at SNP effect estimates according to the different reference populations considered. Estimates of the SNPs effects were very different between the two individual references. SNP effects were closer between the individual references and the combined reference, but there was still some difference, which we did not find in the genomic predictions.The second part of this thesis involved the same type of work, but carried out on populations presenting an opposite context: the Australian Merino and Dohne Merino breeds. The Merino breed is Australia's first breed, while the Dohne Merino breed does not yet have a sufficiently large reference population to perform genomic evaluation. However, the population structure analysis showed a high level of genetic connectedness between the two breeds, which are widely used in crossbreeding. In the end, this study showed that combined genomic evaluation was highly advantageous for the Dohne Merino breed, and is therefore promising for a possible transition to genomic selection for this breed.The final part of this thesis used stochastic simulations to study the consequences of the divergence of an original population into two sub-populations on the efficiency of genomic selection. These consequences are still compared within the framework of an individual vs. combined evaluation of these two sub-populations. We showed that the subdivision of the population into two subpopulations had a negative impact on genetic gain. This deterioration in genetic gain is all the greater when the separation is unbalanced (i.e. when one of the two sub-populations is small) and the evaluation is separate
Ferte, Charles. "Modèles prédictifs utilisant des données moléculaires de haute dimension pour une médecine de précision en oncologie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T101.
Full textThe mediocre level of the rates of answers and the improvements of survival when conventional strategies are applied underlines the necessity of developing successful, strong and applicable predictive tools in private hospital. The democratization of the technologies of analyses with top-debit(-flow) is the substratum of the medicine of precision allowing the development of predictive models capable of directing the therapeutic strategies and the definition of a new taxonomy of cancers by the integration of molecular data of high dimension(size).Through this thesis(theory), we analyzed at first public data of genic expression of bronchial cancer not in small cells(units) with the aim of predicting the probability of survival in three years. The strong predictive power of the only TNM and
Sun, Roger. "Utilisation de méthodes radiomiques pour la prédiction des réponses à l’immunothérapie et combinaisons de radioimmunothérapie chez des patients atteints de cancers Radiomics to Assess Tumor Infiltrating CD8 T-Cells and Response to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients: An Imaging Biomarker Multi-Cohort Study Imagerie médicale computationnelle (radiomique) et potentiel en immuno-oncologie Radiomics to Predict Outcomes and Abscopal Response of Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy Combined with Radiotherapy Using a Validated Signature of CD8 Cells." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL023.
Full textWith the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy has profoundly changed the therapeutic strategy of many cancers. However, despite constant therapeutic progress and combinations of treatments such as radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the majority of patients treated do not benefit from these treatments. This explains the importance of research into innovative biomarkers of response to immunotherapyComputational medical imaging, known as radiomics, analyzes and translates medical images into quantitative data with the assumption that imaging reflects not only tissue architecture, but also cellular and molecular composition. This allows an in-depth characterization of tumors, with the advantage of being non-invasive allowing evaluation of tumor and its microenvironment, spatial heterogeneity characterization and longitudinal assessment of disease evolution.Here, we evaluated whether a radiomic approach could be used to assess tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and whether it could be associated with the response of patients treated with immunotherapy. In a second step, we evaluated the association of this radiomic signature with clinical response of patients treated with radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and we assessed whether it could be used to assess tumor spatial heterogeneity.The specific challenges raised by high-dimensional imaging data in the development of clinically applicable predictive tools are discussed in this thesis
Queyrel, Maxence. "End-to-End Deep Learning and Subgroup discovery approaches to learn from metagenomics data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS470.
Full textTechnological advances have made high-resolution sequencing of genetic material possible at ever lower cost. In this context, the human microbiome (considered as our second "genome") has demonstrated its great capacity to stratify various human diseases. As a "super-integrator" of patient status, the gut microbiota is set to play a key role in precision medicine. Omics biomarkers identification has become a major goal of metagenomics processing, as it allows us to understand the microbial diversities that induce the patient stratification. There remain many challenges associated with mainstream metagenomics pipelines that are both time consuming and not stand-alone. This prevents metagenomics from being used as "point-of-care" solutions, especially in resource-limited or remote locations. Indeed, state-of-the-art approaches to learning from metagenomics data still relies on tedious and computationally heavy projections of the sequence data against large genomic reference catalogs. In this thesis, we address this issue by training deep neural networks directly from raw sequencing data building an embedding of metagenomes called Metagenome2Vec. We also explore subgroup discovery algorithms that we adapt to build a classifier with a reject option which then delegates samples, not belonging to any subgroup, to a supervised algorithm. Several datasets are used in the experiments to discriminate patients based on different diseases (colorectal cancer, cirrhosis, diabetes, obesity) from the NCBI public repository. Our evaluations show that our two methods reach high performance comparable to the state-of-the-art, while being respectively stand-alone and interpretable
Novak, Dora. "Drone(s) trajectory optimization for mapping missions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG069.
Full textUsing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA) can optimize farming management and increase agricultural productivity while protecting the environment. However, UAVs have certain limitations that must be considered when developing solutions. The problem framework for conducting mapping with a single or multiple UAVs can be divided into two subproblems: mapping mission planning, and UAV control. The former step defines the path for covering the area of interest in an efficient manner considering the UAV limitations, while the latter ensures that trajectory tracking of the planned path is successfully completed. In order to increase time efficiency and ensure an energy-aware mission, a novel approach for UAV battery management optimization of the mapping mission planning is proposed in this work. The developed strategy optimizes the use of batteries available for the mapping mission by minimizing the total flight distance and reducing the number of battery replacements. Removing unnecessary battery replacements reduces the overall mission time, but also avoids redundant battery recharging cycles. The resulting waypoint distribution from the mission planning represents the subpaths for a UAV with multiple batteries. In order to follow the planned path with minimal tracking error, a nonlinear predictive control approach for robust trajectory tracking is developed. This approach is finally extended to a mapping mission involving multiple cooperative UAVs, where mission safety is ensured primarily by considering collision avoidance
Ducro, Claire. "Evaluation du risque de récidive des agresseurs sexuels au sein du système judiciaire français : précisions conceptuelles et validations discriminantes et convergentes d'instruments d'évaluation du risque de récidive." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2002/document.
Full textIn the society, the sexual offenders associated at the notion of dangerous and recidivism. Also, the professionals such as the judicial decision-makers or the experts must give an opinion about the level of risk of recidivism. The relating literature at the sex offender's risk of recidivism shows that when the judgement of a potential risk of recidivism is based on a clinical judgement, this one proves to be close to chance. Further to this official report, different instruments of valuation of the risk were set up since the nineties. The objective of the present study is to perform a job of conceptualization and discriminated and convergent validities of instruments. Instruments uses in the present research are to the number of five, and it differentates in three categories : the static actuarial instruments which are SORAG and statique-99 ; the structured clinical instruments which are SVR-20 and RSVP ; and a dynamic instrument which is Stable/Acute 2000. The actuariel instruments are constituted of static items which do not vary in time, or that can vary only in the increase in the level of risk of repetition if the sexual offender makes a new offence. The structured clinical instruments take both static and clinical items, these last as for the dynamic instruments are subject to changes in the course of time and notably during a catch in load
Thorel, Lucie. "Utilisatiοn de tests fοnctiοnnels pοur la prédictiοn de la répοnse des cancers οvariens à la chimiοthérapie cοnventiοnnelle et aux inhibiteurs de ΡARΡ : intérêt des οrganοides tumοraux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC416.
Full textOvarian cancers are the second leading cause of death from gynecological cancers worldwide, primarily due to late diagnosis combined with the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Approximately half of these cancers exhibit alterations in homologous recombination (HR), making them sensitive to PARP protein inhibitors (PARPi), which are involved in DNA repair. However, identifying patients who respond to chemotherapy and selecting those eligible for PARPi remains a challenge for clinicians. In this context, the use of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) for predictive functional testing represents a promising approach to guide therapeutic choices in first-line treatment and beyond. The aim of this thesis is to study the feasibility of functional tests based on PDTO to evaluate their potential applicability in precision medicine. Establishing a panel of PDTO derived from various ovarian histological subtypes has demonstrated that these models recapitulate the histological and molecular characteristics of their tumors of origin. Following direct exposure functional tests of the tumor organoids to first- and second-line treatments, we showed that these models exhibit heterogeneous responses to treatments, and particularly that PDTO identified by the predictive test as sensitive to carboplatin mainly originated from responding patients. Additionally, we investigated the results of a functional test assessing HR status, the RECAP test, and demonstrated that this test is complementary to the current method for determining HR status, which relies on NGS sequencing techniques. Although larger-scale investigations are needed to confirm the potential of tumor organoids, these results provide further support for the use of ovarian tumor organoids in the context of precision medicine
Lecaignard, Françoise. "Predictive coding in auditory processing : insights from advanced modeling of EEG and MEG mismatch responses." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1160/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at testing the predictive coding account of auditory perception. This framework rests on precision-weighted prediction errors elicited by unexpected sounds that propagate along a hierarchical organization in order to maintain the brain adapted to a varying acoustic environment. Using the mismatch negativity (MMN), a brain response to unexpected stimuli (deviants) that could reflect such errors, we could address the computational and neurophysiological underpinnings of predictive coding. Precisely, we manipulated the predictability of deviants and applied computational learning models and dynamic causal models (DCM) to electrophysiological responses (EEG, MEG) measured simultaneously. Deviant predictability was found to modulate deviance responses, a result supporting their interpretation as prediction errors. Such effect might involve the (high-level) implicit learning of sound sequence regularities that would in turn influence auditory processing in lower hierarchical levels. Computational modeling revealed the perceptual learning of sounds, resting on temporal integration exhibiting differences induced by our predictability manipulation. In addition, DCM analysis indicated predictability changes in the synaptic connectivity established by deviance processing. These results conform predictive coding predictions regarding both deviance processing and its modulation by deviant predictability and strongly support perceptual learning of auditory regularities achieved within an auditory hierarchy. Our findings also highlight the power of this mechanistic framework to elaborate and test new hypothesis enabling to improve our understanding of auditory processing
Braconnier, Jean-Baptiste. "Maintien de l'intégrité de robots mobiles en milieux naturels." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22667/document.
Full textThis thesis focused on the issue of the preseving of the integrity of mobile robots in off-road conditions. The objective is to provide control laws to guarantee the integrity of a vehicle during autonomous displacements in natural environments at high speed (5 to 7 m.s -1 ) and more particularly in The framework of precision farming. Integrity is here understood in the broad sense. Indeed, control of the movements of a mobile robot can generate orders that affect its physical integrity, or restrains the achievement of its task (rollover, spin, control stability, maintaining accuracy , etc.). Moreover, displacement in natural environments leads to problems linked in particular to relatively variable and relatively low adhesion conditions (especially since the speed of the vehicle is high), which results in strong sliding of wheels on the ground, or to ground geometries that can not be crossed by the robot. This thesis aims to determine in real time the stability space in terms of permissible controls allowing to moderate the actions of the robot. After a presentation of the existing modelings and observers that allow the use of these modelizations for the implementation of predictive control law for trajectory tracking, a new method of estimation of side-slip angles based on a kinematic observation is proposed. It permit to address the problem of variable speed of the vehicle (and in particular the case of zero values) and also to allow the observation during a displacement without reference trajectory. This new observer is essential for the further development of this thesis, since the rest of the work is concerned with the modulation of the speed of the vehicle. So, in the further work, two predictive control laws acting on the speed of the vehicle have been set up. The first one provides a solution to the problem of the saturation of steering actuators, when the speed or side-slip angles make the trajectory inadmissible to follow with respect to the physical capacities of the vehicle. The second one adress the problem of guaranteeing the accuracy of trajectory tracking (keeping the vehicle in a corridor of displacement). In both cases, the control strategy is similar: the future state of the vehicle is predicted according to the current conditions of evolution and the simulated one for the future evolution (obtained by simulating the evolution of dynamics models of the vehicle) in order to determine the value of the optimum speed so that the target variables (in one case the value of the steering and in the other the lateral deviation from the trajectory) comply with the imposed conditions (not exceeding a target value). The results presented in this thesis were realized either in simulations or in real conditions on robotic platforms. It follows that the proposed algorithms make it possible : in one case to reduce the speed of the vehicle in order to avoid the saturation of the steering actuator and therefore the resulting over and under steering phenomena and thus make it possible to preserve the vehicle’s controllability. And in the other case, to ensure that the lateral deviation from the trajectory remains below a target value
Morice, Pierre-Marie. "Evaluation de la déficience de la recombinaison homologue et de la réponse des tumeurs ovariennes aux inhibiteurs de PARP grâce à l'utilisation de modèles de culture 3D en vue du développement d'un test prédictif Identifying eligible patients to PARP inhibitors: from NGS-based tests to promising 3D functional assays Automated scoring for assessment of RAD51-mediated homologous recombination in patient-derived tumor organoids of ovarian cancers Risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia related to PARP inhibitors: a combined approach using a safety meta-analysis of placebo randomized controlled trials and the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database The long non-coding RNA ‘UCA1’ modulates the response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer through direct binding to miR-27a-5p and control of UBE2N levels." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC414.
Full textWorldwide each year, more than 150 000 women die from epithelial ovarian cancer largely due to emergence of resistance to chemotherapy. Approximately half of these cancers display molecular alterations that cause deficiency of DNA repair via homologous recombination (HRD), which confer sensitivity to PARP protein inhibitors (PARPi). To date, there is no test capable of fully identifying the HRD phenotype, thus limiting access to these treatments. In this context, we are developing functional assays based on the use of tumor explant slices and then, on the use of tumor organoids derived from ovarian tumors of chemotherapy-naive or previously treated patients. The culture of explants was unsuitable for this application and we then focused our work on tumor organoids. Tumor organoids were exposed to carboplatin (first-line treatment) and two PARP inhibitors (olaparib and niraparib) used for maintenance therapy. In parallel, we collected clinical data from patients (survival, platinum-free interval, RECIST, treatments) to evaluate the predictive potential of these models. The established tumor organoids responded heterogeneously to different drugs, and our results show that the organoid-based assay is capable of identifying patients highly resistant to carboplatin, suggesting that this functional assay could have a predictive value for patients treated with carboplatin. Regarding the potential of organoids in predicting PARPi response, multiple sensitivity profiles have been identified, but the correlation with clinical response has yet to be determined by studies conducted on tumor samples from patients treated with these drugs